NEW ENERGY FOR SHIPPING PRESS KIT

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THE SHIPPING INDUSTRY FACES A FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE: Driven by rising oil prices and emissions restrictions, the responsible use of resources and the environment is becoming a major factor in determining the economic success or fail-ure of shipping companies.

Cargo ships are the most important means of transportation worldwide. Over 90% of world trade is being transported by sea. Thus, international shipping not only plays a key role with regard to global logistics of goods.

But also concerning the consumption of energy resources and the emission of climate-damaging gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), as well as sulfur and nitrogen oxides (SOx, NOx). Maritime shipping, with its output of over 1 billion tons of CO2 per year, is responsible for over 3% of worldwide CO2 emissions.i Thus, shipping ranks sixth on the global list of the largest producers of CO2 - even before the country of Germany.

Shipping’s emissions footprint is increasingly getting into the focus of public attention. As a consequence environmental protection efforts are being intensified. The UN body International Maritime Organization (IMO) approved a regulation on sulfur emissions: From the year 2020 a limit with regard to the sulfur content of ship fuels of 0.5% will apply which means that shipping companies will have to use expen-sive refined fuels such as Marine Gas Oil (MGO) and Marine Diesel Oil (MDO)ii instead of the inex-pensive highly sulfurous heavy fuel oil which is predominantly being used as ship fuel at present.iii

The IMO is currently preparing a regulation on the reduction of CO2 emissions from shipping in the form of a CO2 indexing scheme (EEDI, Energy Efficiency Design Index). This regulation will result in emission-based levies which primarily depend on the fuel consumption of the ships.

Moreover fuel costs are rising due to the increase in oil prices and the shortages in the supply of heavy oil for use as ship fuel resulting from refinery modernizations.

For these reasons experts such as the internationally renowned classification society Germanischer Lloyd expect fuel costs for ships to increase to approx. 1,400 US-$ per ton, i.e. almost triple compared to to-day’s level within the next 10 years.iv

For shipping companies these developments imply that ship operating costs will predominantly be de-termined by the cost of fuel in the future.

GREEN SHIPPING – WIND POWER AS ECONOMIC ALTERNATIVE Cutting-edge solutions in the field of renewable energy are needed in order to meet these challenges. SkySails is offering a technology that contributes both to cutting ship operat-ing costs while significantly reducing ship emissions at the same time.

Wind is cheaper than oil and the most economic and environmentally sound source of energy on the high seas.

SkySails offers an innovative propulsion system that meets the demands of today’s shipping industry and allows cargo ships to use wind energy on a grand scale once more – the SkySails-System.

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Reduction of a ship’s fuel consumption and emissions on annual average: between 10 and 35% - de-pending on the wind conditions.

The latest SkySails product (SKS C 320) has a maximal propulsion power of more than 2 MW (approx. 2,700 horse powers; equivalent ship engine).

The SkySails-System can save up to 10 tons of oil and simultaneously over 30 tons of CO2 per day per day – this equals cost savings of approx. US-$ 5,000 per day. For comparison: A normal family home needs 2 tons of oil for heating and warm water - per year.

The SkySails technology generates tractive force using large, dynamically flying towing kites, which in terms of physics is the most effective form of utilizing wind energy. With a good wind the SkySails SKS C 320 can produce a pulling force in the towing rope of more than 320 kilonewton (kN) – a force greater than the thrust of both engines on an Airbus A321. The 32-meter width of the towing kite is just about as broad as the total wingspan of the A321.

SkySails is the only wind-propulsion system that can not only be installed on new builds, but easily retro-fitted onto most existing cargo ships as well. This is especially relevant since ships generally have a ser-vice life of at least 25 years

The UN body IMO (International Maritime Organisation) attaches great importance to SkySails with regard to climate protection: in its latest GHG Emissions studyv, the IMO states that the SkySails tech-nology has the potential to save approx. 100 million tons of CO2 per year when applied broadly on ships of the world’s merchant fleet. This corresponds to ca. 11% of Germany’s CO2 emissions.

GREATER POWER FROM USING HIGH ALTITUDE WINDS High-altitude winds provide more abundant energy.

SkySails towing kites for ships operate at altitudes between 100 and 500 m where stronger and more stable winds prevail. According to the NASA, the energy output of the wind is 8 to 27 times higher at 2,000 feet than at ground level.vi

By means of dynamic flight maneuvers, e.g. the figure of "8", SkySails easily generate five to 25 times more power per square meter sail area than conventional sails.

Because these winds are at such a high altitude, airborne devices, such as kites, are needed to capture and use their energy. SkySails is the market and technology leader for automated towing kite systems.

Spurred by the development of SkySails technology, the drive to harness the vast potential of high-altitude wind power has already become a major global trend in research and development – particu-larly in the United States. Experts consider towing and power kites to be the next generation in utilizing wind power.

SKYSAILS – THE HIGHEST VC CLEANTECH INVESTMENT IN GERMANY IN 2010

A total of €47 million has been invested to date in developing the SkySails technology.

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The €15 million from SkySails’ latest round of financing was Germany’s biggest venture-capital Clean-Tech investment in 2010.

Lead investors are the ship financing company Oltmann Gruppe, the ship engine supplier Zeppelin Power Systems and since the last round of financing the global Life Sciences and Materials Sciences company Royal DSM N.V.

Gerard de Reuver, president DSM Dyneema, says: “For us, SkySails is not simply an ecological ship propul-sion system, but more importantly THE key technology for capturing the potential of high altitude wind in a wide range of sustainable innovations for divers markets.” Press Contacts: SkySails GmbH & Co. KG Anne Staack Press Coordinator Phone: +49 40 702 99 444 Fax: +49 40 702 99 333 anne.staack@skysails.de

Jan Luiken Oltmann Gruppe GmbH & Co. KG Michael Gadzali Business Development Phone: +49 491 912 20 45 Fax: +49 491 912 20 46 m.gadzali@oltmanngruppe.de

Royal DSM N.V. André van der Elsen Senior External Communication Manager Phone: +31 45 57 87162 Andre.elsen-van-der@dsm.com

End Notes:

i Second IMO (International Maritime Organization) GHG Study 2009; International Maritime Organization London, UK ii Heavy fuel oil (well known as the quality “IFO“) possesses an average sulfur content of 3.5%, whereas the sulfur content of refined

diesel oil qualities such as MGO (Marine Gas Oil) and MDO (Marine Diesel Oil) is limited to approximately 1- 1.5%. The price for MGO/MDO is approximately twice as high as that of heavy fuel oil.

iii http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/Pages/Air-Pollution.aspx http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/Pages/Sulphur-oxides-%28SOx%29-%E2%80%93- Regulation-14.aspx iv Germanischer Lloyd, Annual Report 2008, cf. graphic in the background document pg. 3 v Second IMO (International Maritime Organization) GHG Study 2009; International Maritime Organization London, UK vi http://www.nasa.gov/topics/technology/features/capturingwind.html

"At 2,000 feet (610 m), there is two to three times the wind velocity compared to ground level […] The power goes up with the cube of that wind velocity, so it's 8 to 27 times the power production just by getting 2,000 feet (610 m) up, and the wind velocity is more consistent." (NASA aerospace engineer Mark Moore)

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SKYSAILS – NEW ENERGY FOR SHIPPING THE SHIPPING INDUSTRY FACES A FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE: Driven by rising oil prices and emissions restrictions, the responsible use of resources and the environment is becoming a major factor in determining the economic success or fail-ure of shipping companies. Cargo ships are the most efficient means of transportation worldwide. Over 90% of world trade is being transported by sea. Thus shipping not only plays a key role with regard to global logistics of goods, but also concerning the consumption of energy resources and the emission of climate-damaging gases and conse-quently contributes significantly to the pollution of our environment. From a climate-policy perspective, maritime operations have so far been overlooked. Thus shipping, like aviation, is not yet included in the Kyoto Protocol. Maritime shipping, with its output of over 1 billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year, is responsible for over 3% of worldwide CO2 emissions (ca. 31 billion tons in 2007).1 Shipping thus emits more CO2 than the country of Germany.

„If shipping were a country…“ - CO2 emissions from shipping in comparison

Emissions (billion metric tons CO2) Source: Oceana, “Shipping Solutions – Technological and Operational Methods Available to Reduce CO2”, 2010 Now that the academia2 and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have identified the shipping industry as one of the biggest contributors to climate-damaging emissions, this industry too is moving to the center of the political climate change debate – with consequences for shipping companies:

1 Second IMO (International Maritime Organization) GHG Study 2009; International Maritime Organization London, UK 2 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR; German Aerospace Center), Final Report SeaKLIM Project: http://www.dlr.de/pa/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2342/6725_read-28986/

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In April 2008, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) approved a reduction in sulfur emissions for the shipping industry. From the year 2020 shipping companies either have to use distilled fuels with a lim-ited sulfur content of 0.5% instead of heavy fuel oil or have to use scrubbing technology3 to clean their ex-haust gases. 4 For shipping companies using distillate fuels means a doubling of fuel costs in the future, since refined prod-ucts such as Marine Gas Oil (MGO) and Marine Diesel Oil (MDO)5 are considerably more expensive than highly sulfurous heavy fuel oil which is predominantly being used as ship fuel at present. Already today shipping companies must use “clean” fuel with a maximum sulfur content of 1.5% when op-erating their fleets in what are called SECAs (Sulfur Emission Control Areas) on the North Sea and Baltic Sea. This threshold will drop to 1% starting in 2012. This is nothing less than a MDO/MGO- obligation since it is not possible to reduce the sulfur content of heavy fuel oil to this level. The result will be higher fuel costs from having to convert from heavy fuel to diesel, and from price increases in combination with a greater demand for MGO and MDO. Starting in 2015 the maximum allowable sulfur content in marine fuels within these regions will be reduced once more to 0.1%, which will set off another rise in prices. Scrubbing as the end-of-pipe alternative leads to high investments in cleaning technology and an increase in fuel consumption of about 2% due to the higher resistance in the exhaust gas stream. It remains to be seen whether scrubbing will be allowed in the long term as it is counterproductive in view of international climate politics: when discharging sulfur oxides into the sea, large quantities of CO2 are being released. In addition to the regulations already passed and in response to global political pressure, the IMO is cur-rently preparing a regulation on the reduction of CO2 emissions from shipping in the form of a CO2 index-ing scheme (EEDI, Energy Efficiency Design Index6). The EU has already given the IMO a deadline of 31 December 2011 to finalize the regulations.7 Experts assume that corresponding regulations will be imple-mented in a timely manner. Thus, shipping companies will also be burdened with emissions-based levies in the future. CO2 emissions can only be effectively reduced by burning less fuel. Limited Refining Capacity as Oil Price Driver Experts believe that fuel prices will go up once more by enacting the ban on heavy fuel oil. The reason is that refinery capacities are too limited to cover the demand. And when it comes to the demand for fuel it’s important to keep in mind that ships will be competing with cars, trucks, heating oil and all other onshore oil consumers in the future.

3 The so-called “scrubbing“ describes a filtering technology similar that of a catalyzer. The exhaust gas flow of the ship is led through seawater. In doing so, harmful sulfur oxides react with the seawater and transform to seemingly harmless reaction products. 4 http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/Pages/Air-Pollution.aspx http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/Pages/Sulphur-oxides-%28SOx%29-%E2%80%93- Regulation-14.aspx 5 Heavy fuel oil (well known as the quality “IFO“) possesses an average sulfur content of 3.5%, whereas the sulfur content of refined diesel oil qualities such as MGO (Marine Gas Oil) and MDO (Marine Diesel Oil) is limited to approximately 1- 1.5%. The price for MGO/MDO is approximately twice as high as that of heavy fuel oil. 6 http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/Documents/Technical%20and%20operational%20 reduction%20measures.pdf http://www.imo.org/ourwork/environment/pollutionprevention/airpollution/pages/further-progress-made-by-mepc-61---september--- october-2010---on-technical,-operational-and-market-based-measures.aspx#1 7 “EU wants IMO to speed up on carbon rules,” Fairplay Magazine, 28 January 2010, pg. 2

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Modern refineries are designed to produce less heavy fuel oil and more high-quality (and high-priced) re-fined products. As a result of this, trade associations believe that refineries are not able to cover the addi-tional demand. And for the shipping industry, the situation is already making a turn for the worse over the short term: Since refineries are producing less heavy oil, the prices for heavy ship fuels are rising dispropor-tionately even today.

Triplication of Fuel Costs for Shipping Companies All in all these developments imply that fuel costs for shipping companies will triple in the future compared to today’s level. Thus ship operating costs will predominantly be determined by the cost of fuel in the future. Projection Fuel Price Development within the Shipping Industry

Source: Germanischer Lloyd, Annual Report 2008 The figure above shows how the internationally renowned classification society Germanischer Lloyd projects fuel prices will develop within the shipping industry (prices given exclude any increases due to inflation). Cost increases stemming from CO2 emission-based levies from the year 2013 on, as well as the mandatory use of more expensive diesel fuels (MGO) beginning in 2020, are clearly recognizable. Shipping industry customers – freight owners, such as major commodities companies, as well as logistics service providers – are working hard to reduce their CO2 emissions in response to rising pressures on the part of their own customers. For many companies, logistics are a major contributor to their overall corporate emissions levels. Providers of logistics services are already taking action by creating climate-protecting alter-natives, such as DHL and Deutsche Bahn respectively with their GOGREEN and “EcoPlus” (DB Schenker Rail) shipping and transportation options. The shipping industry does not yet offer these kinds of products. The fact that maritime transport accounts for a major part of many companies’ transport volume makes it one area where freight owners are especially looking for opportunities to reduce their carbon footprint. First initiatives have already been formed to address this issue, e.g. the Clean Cargo Working Group8.

8 Clean Cargo Working Group: http://www.bsr.org/consulting/working-groups/clean-cargo.cfm

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GREEN SHIPPING – WIND POWER AS ECONOMIC ALTERNATIVE Cutting-edge solutions in the field of renewable energy are needed in order to meet these challenges. SkySails is offering a technology that contributes both to cutting ship operat-ing costs while significantly reducing ship emissions at the same time. It is a simple fact: Wind is cheaper than oil and the most economic and environmentally sound source of energy on the high seas. It was little more than a century ago that wind was the sole source of power for the world's merchant fleet. The ready availability of cheap oil at the beginning of the 20th century led to the steady replacement of sails with diesel power. The introduction of the diesel engine changed the face of shipping. Classic sail propulsion can no longer be used in today’s world of cargo shipping. Conventional sail systems simply cannot generate the propulsion power required for modern ships. Also, those tall masts would severely restrict the cargo capacity on deck and make loading and unloading in port extremely difficult. The tilt (or heeling) caused by the large lever arms of sails secured to masts would pose a serious safety risk. In addi-tion, high investment costs for mast supported sail systems lower their profitability significantly. Ships are long-lasting capital goods which are in operation for 25 years and more. The shipping industry’s greatest challenge will be to quickly and efficiently retrofit the existing cargo fleet in order to rapidly reduce the emission of climate-damaging greenhouse gases. This will not be possible with mast supported sails as it would require considerable modifications of the ships’ structures which in turn would be too expensive. SkySails offers an innovative propulsion system that meets the demands of today’s shipping industry and allows cargo ships to use wind energy on a grand scale once more. The SkySails-System consists of three main components: A towing kite with rope (flying system), a launch and recovery system, and a control system for automatic operation.

Flying System

Launch & RecoverySystem

Control System

Flying System

Launch & RecoverySystem

Control System

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The amount of space that the SkySails-System occupies on the ship is negligible from an economic stand-point. This is because the system’s deck components are installed in the area of the forecastle, which is not used for cargo anyway. The textile towing kite is easy to stow when folded and requires very little space on board ship. A folded 160m² SkySails for example is only the size of a telephone booth. Furthermore, there are no superstructures which may obstruct loading and unloading at harbors or navigating under bridges, since the towing kite is recovered when approaching land. The heeling caused by the SkySails-System is minimal and virtually negligible in terms of ship safety and operation. The tractive forces of the SkySails towing kite are transmitted to the ship at deck level. The lever arm which causes the inclined position (heel-ing) of conventional sailing ships is thus shortened. The towing kite is controlled by an autopilot during flight. The ship‘s regular crew is adequate for operating the system and no additional personnel costs will arise. Depending on the prevailing wind conditions, a ship’s average annual fuel consumption and emissions can be reduced by 10 to 35% by using the SkySails-System. The latest SkySails product generation has a maximal propulsion power of up to 2 MW (approx. 2,700 horse powers; equivalent ship engine) and can save up to 10 tons of oil and simultaneously over 30 tons of CO2 per day – this equals cost savings of approx. US-$ 5,000 per day. For comparison: A normal family home needs 2 tons of oil for heating and warm water - per year. The worldwide patented SkySails-System generates tractive force using large, dynamically flying towing kites, which in terms of physics is the most effective form of utilizing wind energy. With a good wind the SkySails SKS C 320 can produce a pulling force in the towing rope of more than 320 kilonewton (kN) – a force greater than the thrust of both engines on an Airbus A321. With its over 30 meter span width, the towing kite is just about as broad as the total wingspan of the A321. SkySails propulsion is the only wind-propulsion system that can not only be installed on new builds, but easily retrofitted onto most existing cargo ships as well. SkySails technology thus offers a solution that can make a major and quick environmental impact by reducing the carbon emissions of the existing “old” ships in the world’s merchant fleet. The UN body IMO (International Maritime Organisation) attaches great importance to SkySails with regard to climate protection: in its latest GHG Emissions study9, the IMO states that the SkySails technology has the potential to save approx. 100 million tons of CO2 per year when applied broadly on ships of the world’s merchant fleet. This corresponds to ca. 11% of Germany’s CO2 emissions. With its innovative wind propulsion system for cargo ships, SkySails as the market and technology leader offers one of the worldwide most attractive technologies for simultaneously reducing operating costs and CO2 emissions.

9 Second IMO (International Maritime Organization) GHG Study 2009; International Maritime Organization London, UK

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GREATER POWER FROM USING HIGH ALTITUDE WINDS High-altitude winds provide more abundant energy. SkySails towing kites for ships operate at altitudes between 100 and 500 m where stronger and more sta-ble winds prevail. By means of dynamic flight maneuvers , e.g. the figure of "8", SkySails easily generate five to 25 times more power per square meter sail area than conventional sails. Thus, it is possible to gain significant savings by using comparatively small sail areas. For comparison: the 109-meter four-masted bark “Sea Cloud” has a total sail area of 3,000m². A SkySails towing kite of only 150m² is all this ship would need in order to have the same amount of propulsive power.

Height [m]

100

200

300

400

+45 % Wind Velocity

+200 % Wind Power

Due to Height

Wind Velocity [%]

Wind Gradient Curve

(Hellman Exponential)

Reference Points from

FINO1 Research Platform

+20 % Wind Velocity

+75 % Wind Power

Due to Height

+40 %+30 %+20 %+10 %

Height [m]

100

200

300

400

+45 % Wind Velocity

+200 % Wind Power

Due to Height

Wind Velocity [%]

Wind Gradient Curve

(Hellman Exponential)

Reference Points from

FINO1 Research Platform

+20 % Wind Velocity

+75 % Wind Power

Due to Height

+40 %+30 %+20 %+10 % +40 %+30 %+20 %+10 %

"At 2,000 feet (610 m), there is two to three times the wind velocity compared to ground level […] The power goes up with the cube of that wind velocity, so it's 8 to 27 times the power production just by getting 2,000 feet (610 m) up, and the wind velocity is more consistent." (NASA aerospace engineer Mark Moore10) Because these winds are at such a high altitude, airborne devices, such as kites, are needed to capture and use their energy.

10 http://www.nasa.gov/topics/technology/features/capturingwind.html Further Information on the “NASA Wind Energy Airborne Harvesting System Study“: http://www.awtdata.webs.com/

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Spurred by the development of SkySails technology, the drive to harness the vast potential of high-altitude wind power has already become a major global trend in research and development – particularly in the United States. Experts consider towing and power kites to be the next generation in utilizing wind power. Research agencies like NASA along with numerous technology start-ups, many of which are funded by ma-jor corporations such as Google or 3M, are already active in this technological field. The Airborne Wind Energy Consortium (AWEC11) is the first international association to have brought these companies and research organizations together under one roof. SKYSAILS – THE HIGHEST VC CLEANTECH INVESTMENT IN GERMANY IN 2010 SkySails technology’s appeal and potential are also reflected in the tremendous interest on the part of inves-tors. A total of €47 million has been invested to date in developing the SkySails technology. The €15 million from SkySails’ latest round of financing was Germany’s biggest venture-capital CleanTech investment in 2010. It was during this latest round of financing that the global Life Sciences and Materials Sciences com-pany Royal DSM N.V. invested in SkySails and joined the ranks of investors that include the ship financing company Oltmann Gruppe, numerous shipping companies and the ship engine supplier Zeppelin Power Systems. DSM’s 22,000 employees deliver annual net sales of about € 9 billion. Gerard de Reuver, president DSM Dyneema, says: “For us, SkySails is not simply an ecological ship propulsion system, but more importantly THE key technol-ogy for capturing the potential of high altitude wind in a wide range of sustainable innovations for divers markets. SkySails is the first company in the world that has succeeded in developing towing-kite technology into an industrial application and implementing it on cargo ships, which ranks among the harshest and most difficult product environments. There is enormous potential in this SkySails technology, which is fully in line with DSM’s strategic direction to further grow in innovation, sustainability and partnerships.”

11 Airborne Wind Energy Consortium (AWEC): http://www.aweconsortium.org/

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SkySails GmbH & Co. KG The Hamburg-based company SkySails GmbH & Co. KG is the market and technology leader for automated towing kite systems. The internationally patented wind propulsion system for cargo ships – the SkySails-System – can reduce a ship’s fuel consumption and emissions by 10 to 35% on annual average depending on the prevailing wind conditions. The SkySails-System can be installed as an auxiliary wind propulsion system on a major part of the existing ships as well as on new builds. SkySails was established in Hamburg in 2001 by Dipl.-Wirtschaftsingenieur (industrial engineer) Stephan Wrage und Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Meyer (engineer for shipbuilding and offshore technology) and currently has 80 permanent employees. At the end of 2003, the ship financing company Oltmann Gruppe became SkySails’ lead investor and se-cured funding for the technology development. Having successfully completed the basic research and engi-neering in 2005, the technology was scaled step by step to a towing kite area of 160m2. The prototype was thoroughly tested on the 55m-long former buoy tender MV “Beaufort” in the years 2006 and 2007. At the end of 2007 SkySails installed two pilot systems on board the cargo vessels MV “Michael A.” of Reederei Wessels and MV “Beluga SkySails” of Beluga Shipping. The MS “Theseus”, another ship belong-ing to Reederei Wessels, was equipped with a SkySails-System in summer 2009. And beginning of 2010, the first SkySails-System was installed on a fishing trawler within the context of a pilot project. A first series of cargo ships of Reederei Wessels is currently being outfitted successively. The cargo ship systems installed so far have been undergoing long-term sea trials during regular shipping operations for the past 3 years and have been developed further continuously. The insights and experience gained during long-term testing were fed simultaneously into the SkySails product development effort which was advanced in parallel. SkySails will now finalize product development of the next larger system for cargo ships – the SKS C 320 with a towing kite area of 320m2 – and then start production of the systems in larger quantities. The first sales contract for this SKS C 320 system has already been signed: beginning of 2012, Cargill, an international producer and marketer of food, agricultural, financial and industrial products and services, will install the 320m2 kite on the dry bulk vessel “Aghia Marina” of 28,500 deadweight tonnes, which the com-pany has on long-term charter. Since the end of 2008, SkySails has the Zeppelin Power Systems GmbH & Co. KG, a subsidiary of the ven-erable Zeppelin Group, as strategic partner at its side. With the start of series production the joint venture company Zeppelin SkySails Sales & Service GmbH & Co. KG will exclusively handle worldwide sales and servicing of SkySails propulsion. At the end of 2010, the global Life Sciences and Materials Sciences company Royal DSM made an invest-ment in SkySails as part of SkySails' latest round of financing, which was with a total volume of € 15 million the highest CleanTech venture capital investment in Germany of the year. According to a study of the UN body IMO (International Maritime Organization) SkySails technology has the potential to save approx. 100 million tons of CO2 per year – this corresponds to 11% of the CO2 emis-sions of the country of Germany. For further information on SkySails please visit: www.skysails.com.

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Jan Luiken Oltmann Gruppe GmbH & Co. KG The Oltmann Gruppe was established in 1986 and, with 224 issued funds and a total investment volume of more than 3 billion euros, is one of the five leading initiators of closed-end ship funds in Germany. What makes the group so successful is its investment focus on “smaller” ships, such as multi-purpose and heavy-lift carriers, as well as mini-bulkers and container feeder vessels. This smaller tonnage is characterized by a relatively stable level of charter rates. Besides traditional ship funds, this issuing house, headquartered in the East Frisian city of Leer, also offers the opportunistic investor a range of investments known as “bargain funds.” Overall, Oltmann Gruppe funds are distinguished by their short investment terms, a lean cost struc-ture and no premium fees. By the end of 2010, this issuing house had ended 138 funds after an average term of 5.6 years. According to analysts, this accounted for a third of all terminated and liquidated funds on the German capital market in the last 30 years. In the process, investors earned an average annual return of 26.6 percent after taxes. In addition to other maritime innovations, the Oltmann Gruppe has also been sup-porting the Hamburg-based technology company SkySails as lead investor since 2003. For further information on the Oltmann Gruppe please visit: www.oltmanngruppe.de. ZEPPELIN GmbH Zeppelin is a company rich in tradition whose name and origins go back to the great airship pioneer Ferdi-nand Count Zeppelin, who contributed the company he founded in 1908 to the Zeppelin Foundation that is headquartered in Friedrichshafen, Germany. The Zeppelin Group is still owned by the foundation to this day. Zeppelin Group has its headquarters in Garching near Munich and has been the exclusive sales and service partner of Caterpillar Inc. of Peoria, Illinois since 1954 – a partnership that has since expanded from Germany to numerous countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The Zeppelin Group employs some 6,500 people at 190 locations around the world and is projected to post revenues of 2.5 billion euros in 2008. The Zeppelin Group’s subsidiary Zeppelin Power Systems GmbH & Co. KG is responsible for the sales and service of MaK and Caterpillar marine and other engines. For further information on Zeppelin please visit: www.zeppelin.com. DSM - Bright Science. Brighter Living.™ Royal DSM N.V. is a global science-based company active in health, nutrition and materials. By connecting its unique competences in Life Sciences and Materials Sciences DSM is driving economic prosperity, envi-ronmental progress and social advances to create sustainable value for all stake-holders. DSM delivers inno-vative solutions that nourish, protect and improve performance in global markets such as food and dietary supplements, personal care, feed, pharmaceuticals, medical de-vices, automotive, paints, electrical and electronics, life protection, alternative energy and bio-based materials. DSM’s 22,000 employees deliver annual net sales of about € 9 billion. The company is listed on NYSE Euronext. More information can be found at www.dsm.com.

PRESS RELEASES

News Release

Cargill International, S.A. Chemin De-Normandie 14 1206 Geneva Switzerland

http://www.cargill.com/news-center/news-releases/index.jsp

CONTACT: Francis De Rosa: +44 1932 861174 francis_derosa@cargill.com

Corinne Holtshausen: +44 1932 861174 corinne_holtshausen@cargill.com Anne Staack: +49 40 702 99 444 anne.staack@skysails.de Cargill propels shipping forward with largest kite-powered vessel GENEVA, SWITZERLAND — 28 February 2011 — Cargill has signed an

agreement with SkySails GmbH & Co. KG (SkySails) to use wind power

technology to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the shipping industry.

SkySails, based in Hamburg, has developed innovative, patented technology that

uses a kite which flies ahead of the vessel and generates enough propulsion to

reduce consumption of bunker fuel by up to 35 percent in ideal sailing conditions.

Next December Cargill will install the 320m2 kite on a handysize vessel of

between 25,000 and 30,000 deadweight tonnes, which the company has on long-

term charter, making it the largest vessel propelled by a kite in the world. Cargill

and SkySails aim to have the system fully operational in the first quarter of 2012.

Cargill is currently helping SkySails develop and test the technology and has

identified a ship-owner – supportive of environmental stewardship in the industry

– with whom it will partner on the project.

The SkySails kite will be connected to the ship by rope and is computer-controlled

by an automatic pod to maximise the wind benefits. The kite functions at a height

of between 100 to 420 metres and flies in a figure of eight formation. The

SkySails system is automated and requires only minimal action by the crew. An

1

2

automatic control system steers the kite and adjusts its flight path. All information

related to the system’s operation is displayed on the monitor of the SkySails’

workstation on the ship’s bridge.

“For some time, we have been searching for a project that can help drive

environmental best practice within the shipping industry and see this as a

meaningful first step”, said G.J. van den Akker, head of Cargill’s ocean

transportation business. “The shipping industry currently supports 90 percent of

the world’s international physical trade. In a world of finite resources,

environmental stewardship makes good business sense. As one of the world’s

largest charterers of dry bulk freight, we take this commitment extremely

seriously. In addition to lowering greenhouse gas emissions, the SkySails

technology aims to significantly reduce fuel consumption and costs. We are very

impressed with the technology and see its installation on one of our chartered

ships as the first part of an ongoing, long-term partnership.”

“We are delighted that Cargill is the first company to embrace our technology on a

vessel this large as part of its commitment to help reduce greenhouse gas

emissions in the shipping industry”, said Stephan Wrage, managing director of

SkySails. “We are excited that our technology will shortly be used on a handysize

vessel for the first time and see great potential to incorporate it on larger ships in

the future.”

According to a United Nations (International Maritime Organisation) study, up to

100 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) could be saved every year by the

broad application of the SkySails’ technology on the world merchant fleet.1 This

figure would equate to 11 percent of the CO2 emissions of Germany.

Cargill is a significant global transporter of agricultural, energy and industrial

commodities. Although the company does not today own or operate ships, its

ocean transportation business ships more than 185 million tonnes of commodities

each year, in the process connecting supply from areas of surplus with demand in

areas of deficit.

1 Second IMO GHG Study 2009, International Maritime Organization, pg. 271 ff.

3

Photos are available for download at http://www.skysails.info/english/information-center/press-lounge/photos-graphics/

- ends - Notes for Editors

About Cargill Cargill is an international producer and marketer of food, agricultural, financial and industrial

products and services. Founded in 1865, the privately held company employs 131,000 people in

66 countries.

Cargill helps customers succeed through collaboration and innovation, and is committed to

sharing its global knowledge and experience to help meet economic, environmental and social

challenges wherever it does business. For more information, visit http://www.cargill.com

About Cargill Ocean Transportation Cargill's Ocean Transportation business is headquartered in Geneva with offices in London,

Amsterdam, New Jersey, Singapore, Shanghai and Tokyo.

Its global team has a unique blend of experience across shipping, commodities and risk

management and offers its customers a number of ocean freight solutions across all dry market

segments and tankers. In recent years, the business has built on its reputation for excellence in

risk management by putting a strong focus on raising health & safety and quality standards across

the industry. This partnership provides a unique opportunity for Ocean Transportation to build on

these high standards and publicly demonstrate its commitment to environmental stewardship.

Cargill recognises that its continued success depends on the growth and health of its communities

and partners, as well as the vitality and conservation of natural resources. The company works

with a diverse group of global, national and local organisations to support responsible economic

development, help protect the environment and improve communities. For more information, visit

http://www.cargill.com/products/energy-transportation/ocean-transportation/index.jsp

About SkySails The Hamburg-based company SkySails GmbH & Co. KG is the market and technology leader for

automated towing kite systems. Its internationally patented, high-performance wind propulsion

system for cargo ships – the SkySails-System – can reduce the fuel consumption of a cargo

vessel by 10 to 35% on annual average, depending on the prevailing wind conditions.

The latest SkySails product SKS C 320 has a propulsion power of more than 2,000 kW (approx.

2,700 HP). It can save up to 10 tons of fuel per day as well as SOx, NOx and CO2 emissions

(= approx. 32 tons of CO2). The SkySails-System can be installed as an auxiliary wind propulsion

on virtually all existing and new build ships.

4

SkySails was founded in 2001 and currently has about 80 employees. Lead investors are the

renowned ship financing company Jan Luiken Oltmann Gruppe GmbH & Co. KG based in Leer,

the highly respected marine engine supplier Zeppelin Power Systems GmbH & Co. KG and the

Dutch Life Sciences and Materials Sciences Company Royal DSM N.V.

For more information, visit www.skysails.com

DSM Press Release DSM, Corporate Communications, P.O. Box 6500, 6401 JH Heerlen, The Netherlands Telephone (31) 45 5782421, Fax (31) 45 5740680 Internet: www.dsm.com E-mail: media.relations@dsm.com

1 / 2

04E Heerlen (NL), 25 January 2011 DSM invests in wind propulsion company SkySails DSM Venturing, the corporate venturing unit of Royal DSM N.V., announces today that it has made an investment in Germany-based SkySails GmbH & Co. KG (SkySails), the market and technology leader for automated towing kite systems for ships. The investment is fully in line with DSM’s strategic commitment to sustainability, innovation and partnerships, as outlined in the corporate strategy DSM in motion: driving focused growth. Financial details of the investment by DSM Venturing in SkySails will not be disclosed. The investment is part of the current SkySails round of financing, which was with a total volume of € 15 million the highest CleanTech venturing investment in Germany in 2010. This financing round has now been successfully completed. SkySails develops, produces and sells wind propulsion systems for the marine industry which are based upon large automated towing kites. Depending on the prevailing wind conditions, a ship’s average annual fuel costs and emissions can be reduced by 10 to 35% by using the SkySails-System. Under optimal wind conditions, fuel consumption can temporarily be cut by up to 50%. The reduced fuel consumption leads to significantly reduced costs and lower emissions to safeguard the environment. The venturing participation is a next step in the cooperation between the two companies. To date DSM Dyneema, SkySails and rope manufacturer Gleistein have been combining their expertise in a unique three party technology partnership which focuses on the development of a special high performance rope, which delivers the unique requirements for high strength, light weight and excellent durability for wind propulsion systems. DSM’s Dyneema®, the world’s strongest fiber™, is a key component in the SkySails Kite System. Gerard de Reuver, President DSM Dyneema said: “We are very pleased to extend our involvement with SkySails. With the development of its advanced kite based system, the company succeeded in establishing itself as a leader in the commercialization of wind propulsion solutions. I’m confident that the increased cooperation between our companies will lead to the development of a range of sustainable innovations around SkySails’ core technology for various markets.’ Stephan Wrage, Managing Director of SkySails added: “DSM Venturing’s investment is another proof point of its belief in our activities. Both DSM and SkySails are highly committed to sustainability. Their support will help us to make the most of the potential of our technology for our customers.” The investment in SkySails brings DSM Venturing’s portfolio of current, direct investments to a total of 18. DSM Venturing DSM Venturing is an active investor in start-up companies that create innovative solutions in Life Sciences and Materials Sciences. DSM Venturing's mission is to explore emerging markets and

DSM Press Release

Forward-looking statements This press release may contain forward-looking statements with respect to DSM’s future (financial) performance and position. Such statements are based on current expectations, estimates and projections of DSM and information currently available to the company. DSM cautions readers that such statements involve certain risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict and therefore it should be understood that many factors can cause actual performance and position to differ materially from these statements. DSM has no obligation to update the statements contained in this press release, unless required by law. The English language version of the press release is leading. 2 / 2

technologies in order to support DSM's innovation and growth strategy. Besides financial support, DSM Venturing supports the start-up companies with DSM’s knowledge, resources and networks in order to establish mutual benefits and learning. To DSM, venturing is an integral part of its open innovation approach, focused on teaming up with innovative players all over the world. For more information about DSM Venturing see www.dsm-venturing.com. About SkySails The Hamburg-based company SkySails GmbH & Co. KG is the market and technology leader for automated towing kite systems. Its internationally patented wind propulsion system for cargo ships – the SkySails-System – can reduce the fuel consumption of a cargo vessel by 10 to 35% on annual average, depending on the prevailing wind conditions. The SkySails-System can be installed as an auxiliary wind propulsion on virtually all existing and new build ships. According to the UN body IMO (International Maritime Organisation) the SkySails technology has the potential to save approx. 100 million tons of CO2 per year – this corresponds to ca. 11% of Germany’s CO2 emissions. For more information, visit www.skysails.com. DSM – the Life Sciences and Materials Sciences Company Royal DSM N.V. creates solutions that nourish, protect and improve performance. Its end markets include human and animal nutrition and health, personal care, pharmaceuticals, automotive, coatings and paint, electrical and electronics, life protection and housing. DSM manages its business with a focus on the triple bottom line of economic performance, environmental quality and social responsibility, which it pursues simultaneously and in parallel. DSM has annual net sales of about €8 billion and employs some 22,700 people worldwide. The company is headquartered in the Netherlands, with locations on five continents. DSM is listed on Euronext Amsterdam. More information: www.dsm.com. For more information: DSM Corporate Communications Herman Betten tel. +31 (0) 45 5782017 fax +31 (0) 45 5740680 e-mail media.relations@dsm.com

DSM Investor Relations Hans Vossen tel. +31 (0) 45 5782864 fax +31 (0) 45 5782595 e-mail investor.relations@dsm.com

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Helmholtz-University Young Investigators Group SeaKLIM presents its final reportFebruary 2011

Exhausts of industry, cars and aircraft are investigated since a long time because they significantlychange the Earth’s atmosphere and the global climate. Only ship emissions remained unregarded for along time. Since 2004 the impact of ship emissions on atmosphere and climate was investigated by theHelmholtz-University Young Investigators Group SeaKLIM, a cooperative project of the DLR Institute ofAtmospheric Physics and the Institute of Environmental Physics of the University of Bremen. Now thefinal report is available: fine particles (aerosols) that are released into the atmosphere counteract theglobal warming, but contribute to air pollution.

The results of the SeaKLIM group are indeed surprising. In the year 2000, about 800 million tons ofcarbon dioxide (CO2), i.e. 2.7 percent of all anthropogenic CO2 emissions originated from ship engines.For nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulphur dioxides (SO2) the share amounted even to 15 and 8 percent,respectively. Hence, navigation emits CO2 into the atmosphere nearly as much as aviation. The NOx andSO2 emissions of ships exceed those of aircraft by even the tenfold. Effects on the climate are thereforeinevitable.

With the help of SCIAMACHY satellite date the SeaKLIM group was the first to determine the contributionof shipping to air pollution by increased nitrogen dioxide concentrations along major shipping routes.Ships contribute to the global warming by emitting the greenhouse gas CO2, but they overcompensatethis contribution by the cooling effect of their SO2 emissions today. This is possible because sulphurdioxide and other sulphur compounds react in the atmosphere to form sulphur acid which, together withwater, forms very small droplets, so called aerosols. The aerosols in turn reflect sun light back intospace. Moreover, they act as nuclei for condensation of water vapour, thus leading to the formation ofclouds. In some parts of the world this process can be clearly observed. Satellite images in regions withhigh ship traffic often show elongated curves of higher reflectance in cloud fields, which are not of naturalorigin. These so called ‘ship tracks’ are caused by the emissions of ships. Ship tracks are only the visibleconsequences of ship emissions. Some of them mix with natural clouds which then intensify, otherdissolve. The aerosols remain longer in the atmosphere and may change the properties of clouds onlarger scales, thus leading to cooling through the processes described above. However, unlike aerosols,CO2 remains in the atmosphere for a long time and thus contributes to global warming long after itsemission.

Contact SeaKLIM:

Priv.-Doz. Dr. habil. Veronika EyringGerman Aerospace CenterInstitute of Atmospheric PhysicsDepartment "Atmospheric Dynamics"Tel.: +49 8153 28-2533Fax: +49 8153 28-1841

Contact for special requests regarding SCIAMACHY measurements:

Dr. Heinrich BovensmannUniversity of BremenInstitute for Environmental PhysicsTel.: +49 421 218-62102Fax: +49 421 218-4555

SeaKLIM Website:

http://www.pa.op.dlr.de/SeaKLIM/

SeaKLIM evaluation report: http://www.pa.op.dlr.de/SeaKLIM/SeaKLIM_DLR_EvaluationReport.pdf

SeaKLIM final report: http://www.pa.op.dlr.de/SeaKLIM/SeaKLIM_Nachwuchsgruppe_Schlussbericht_FINAL.pdf

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