자유물체도(free body diagram) -...

12
자유물체도(Free Body Diagram) 금오공대 기계시스템공학과 오충석 ([email protected]) 2 (권장) 학습 과정: 반복 학습 Practice makes perfect! Units Forces Moments Free Body Diagram Applications

Upload: others

Post on 02-Mar-2020

7 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

자유물체도(Free Body Diagram)

금오공대기계시스템공학과

오충석 ([email protected])

2

(권장) 학습과정: 반복학습Practice makes perfect!

Units

Forces

MomentsFree Body Diagram

Applications

3

Contents

자유물체도란?

FBD 그리는방법

기계요소들의특징

기초적인 FBD 그려보기

기초적인 FBD보충하기

FBD 교정하기

평지와경사로의자동차

5

자유물체도(FBD)란?

정의

상호작용하고있는전체계 (system)로부터 “관심의대상”이되는부분만을분리시켜그린그림

FBD의예

400 N

Ry

o

1.5 m x

전체계 (entire system) 관심의 대상 (지렛대)

[Ref: Statics by Boresi]

300 N

6

자유물체도그리는방법(CID)

1) 문제에적합한좌표(Coordinates)설정a. 직각좌표계: x-y-z (linear-linear-linear)

b. 원통좌표계: r-φ-z (linear-angular-linear)

c. 구면좌표계: r-φ-θ (linear-angular-angular)

http://web.mit.edu/6.013_book/www/chapter5/5.10.html

7

2) 관심대상을전체시스템으로부터분리(Isolation)시켜나타냄실제와같은상태가되도록해야함

실제와똑같은형상으로그릴필요없음

다양한구성요소들의특징을알고있으면유리함

직관력이요구되는단계

많은문제풀이가요구되는단계

3) 모든힘,모멘트, 치수등표시(Display)작용/반작용힘&모멘트

힘&모멘트작용점까지의거리

단위, 벡터표시사용, 칼라펜사용권장

17

기초적인 FBD 그려보기

Plane Truss (평면트러스)가정: Wtruss << P, 무마찰핀

Reactive forces

Applied force

6 Pin 4 Rocker

x

y

18

Cantilever Beam (외팔보)

7 Fixed

x

y

8 Gravity

19

Beam (보)가정: A점은매끄러운면, B 점은무마찰핀, 보의질량 m

2 SmoothSurface

6 Pin

8 Gravityx

y

20

Rigid System of Interconnected Bodies(내부적으로연결되어있는강체시스템)가정: 마찰무시

6 Pin

8 Gravity

4 Roller

x

y합력 고려

21

Dan O’Brien미국의 10종경기선수

1992 바르셀로나, 1996 애틀랜타올림픽금메달

포환의 FBD

참고: Boresi

24

기초적인 FBD 보충하기

Bell Crank(벨크랭크)가정: 무마찰핀

1 Cable

6 Pin

8 Gravity

x

y

Ay

Ax

25

Control lever applying torque to shaft at O(O점의축에토크를가하는손잡이)유마찰핀

6 Pin

M

x

y

26

Boom OA, of negligible mass compared with mass m. Boom hinged at O and supported by hoisting cable at B. (O점에서핀, B점에서케이블에의해지지되는질량을무시할수있는붐 OA)

8 Gravity

1 Cable

6 Pin

x

y

Oy

Ox

27

Uniform crate of mass m leaning against smooth vertical wall and supported on a rough horizontal surface. (매끈한수직벽과거친수평면에놓인질량 m인상자)

2 SmoothSurface

2 Rough Surface

8 Gravity

Bxx

y

28

Loaded bracket supported by pin connection at Aand fixed pin in smooth slot at B. (매끄러운슬롯과고정핀으로지지되는브라켓)

6 Pin

5 Slider

Ay

Ax

x

y

29

FBD 교정하기

Lawn roller of mass m being pushed up incline θ(경사각 θ인경사면으로밀어올려지고있는질량 m인잔디롤러)

3 Rough Surface

8 Gravity

μN

mg

x

y

30

Pry bar lifting body A having smooth horizontal surface. Bar rests on horizontal rough surface.(거핀수평면상에서매끄러운표면을갖는물체 A를들어올리는쇠지레)

3 Rough Surface

2 SmoothSurface

x

y

31

Uniform pole of mass m being hoisted into position by winch. Horizontal supporting surface notched to prevent slipping of pole. (수평면상의노치에의해지지되고윈치에의해들어올려지는질량m인장대)

1 Cable

6 Pin

8 Gravity

x

y

X

32

Supporting angle bracket for frame. Pin joints.(구조물지지용 ‘ㄱ”자브라켓 AB)

6 Pin

6 Pin

x

y

33

Bend rod welded to support at A and subjected to two forces and a couple. (두힘과하나의모멘트를받으면서 A점에용접되어있는봉)

Ax

M7 Fixed

x

y

34

평지와경사로의자동차

평지

작용력: 중력 ( W = mg )

반작용력: 수직항력 ( N )

W = N이면움직이지않음→정적평형

35

경사로

작용력: 중력 ( W = mg )

반작용력: 수직항력 ( N ) + 마찰력 ( F )

Wcosθ = N, Wsinθ = F이면움직이지않음→정적평형

θ