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Unit-2

Rumbaugh Methodology Booch Methodology Jacobson Methodology Patterns Frameworks

Unified Approach Unified Modeling Language Use case class diagram Interactive Diagram

Collaboration Diagram State Diagram Activity Diagram.

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Chapter Objectives

You should be able to define and understand

Object Oriented methodologies.

- The Rumbaugh OMT- The Booch methodology

- Jacobsons methodologies

Patterns

Frameworks

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Rumbaughs Object Modeling Technique (OMT)

-A method for analysis,design and implementation by

an object oriented technique.

-fast and intuitive approach for identifying and

modeling all objects making up a system.-Class attributes, methods, inheritance and association can

be expressed easily.

-Dynamic behavior of objects can be described using

the OMT dynamic model.-Detailed specification of state transitions and their-descriptions within a system

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Four phases of OMT

(can be performed iteratively) Analysis: objects,dynamic and

functional models

System Design: Basic architecture ofthe system.

Object Design: static, dynamic andfunctional models of objects.

Implementation: reusable, extendibleand robust code.

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Three different parts of OMT

modeling An object model - object model &

data dictionary

A dynamic model - state diagrams &event flow diagrams

A functional model - data flow &

constraints

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Object Model structure of objects in a system.

Identity, relationships to otherobjects, attributes and operations.

Object diagram

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Object Diagram Classes interconnected by

association lines

Classes- a set of individual objects

Association lines- relationshipamong classes (i.e., objects of one

class to objects of another class)

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OMT Dynamic Model States, transitions, events and

actions

OMT state transition diagram-network of states and events

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OMT Functional Model DFD- (Data Flow Diagram) Shows flow of data between different

processes in a business. Simple and intuitive method for

describing business processes without

focusing on the details of computersystems.

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Data Flow Diagram Four primary symbols

Process- any function being performed

Data Flow- Direction of data element movement

Data Store Location where data is stored

External Entity-Source or Destinationof a data element

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The Booch Methodology Widely used OO method

Uses the object paradigm

Covers the design and analysisphase of an OO system

Criticized for his large set ofsymbols

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method Class diagrams-

describe roles and responsibilities of objects Object diagrams

describe the desired behavior of the system interms of scenarios

State transition diagrams

state of a class based on a stimulus

Module diagrams

to map out where each class & object should

be declared Process diagrams

to determine to which processor to allocate aprocess

Interaction diagramsdescribes behavior of the system in terms of

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Booch method prescribes: Macro Development Process

Micro Development Process

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Macro Development

Process Controlling framework for the

micro process.

Primary concern-technicalmanagement of the system.

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Steps for macro development

process1. Conceptualization

2. Analysis & Development of the model

3. Design or create the systemarchitecture

4. Evolution or implementation

5. Maintenance

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Micro Development ProcessEach macro process has its ownmicro development process

Steps:- Identify classes & objects

- Identify class & objects semantics

- Identify class & object relationship- Identify class & objects interface

and implementation

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JACOBSON METHODOLOGIES Use Cases.

Object Oriented SoftwareEngineering.

Object Oriented BusinessEngineering.

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Use Cases Understanding system requirements Interaction between Users and Systems The use case description must contain

How and when the use case begins and ends. The Interaction between the use case and its actors,

including when the interaction occurs and what isexchanged.

How and when the use case will need data stored inthe system.

Exception to the flow of events How and when concepts of the problem domain arehandled.

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OOSE Object Oriented Software

Engineering.

Objectory is built models Use case model

Domain object model

Analysis object model Implementation model

Test model

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OOBE Object Oriented Business

Engineering

OOBE is object modeling at theenterprise level. Analysis phase

Design and Implementation phaseTesting phase

E.g. Unit testing, integration and system

testing.

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PATTERNS It is an instructive information that

captures the essential structure

and insight of a successful familyof proven solutions to a recurringproblem that arises within a

certain context and system offorces.

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Good Pattern will do the

following It solves a problem.

It is a proven concept.

The Solution is not obvious.

It describes a relationship.

The pattern has a significanthuman component.

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Patterns

Patterns

Generative Patterns(describe recurring phenomena

with saying how to

reproduce them)

Non Generative Patterns(describe recurring phenomena

without saying how to

reproduce them)

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Patterns Template Essential Components should be clearly

recognizable on reading a pattern: Name

Problem Context Forces Solution Examples Resulting context Rationale Related Patterns Known uses

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Frameworks Way of delivering application

development patterns to support

best practice sharing duringapplication development.

Can be viewed as theimplementation of a system ofdesign patterns.

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Benefits of Frameworks Reusability

Modularity

Extensibility

Inversion of Control

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Difference between Patterns

and Frameworks Design patterns are more abstract

than frameworks.

Design patterns are smallerarchitectural elements thanframeworks.

Design patterns are lessspecialized than frameworks.

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Model An abstract representation of a

system.

Types of model1. Use case model

2. Domain model

3. Analysis object model4. Implementation model

5. Test model

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Model Types of model

Use case model defines the outside(actors) & inside (use case) of the

systems behavior. Domain model maps real world object

into the domain object model. Analysis object model how source code

should be carried out & written. Implementation model represents the

implementation of the system. Test model test plans, specifications &

reports.

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Model Model is an iterative process.

It can represent static or dynamic

situations. Model

Static Dynamic

Represents a systems behaviors

that, taken together, reflect its

behavior over time.

(e.g.) interaction & activity diagrams

Provides a systems

parameters at rest or at a

specific point in time.

(e.g.) class diagram

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Why modeling Blue print

Clarity

Familiarity

Maintenance

Simplification

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Advantages of modeling Easy to express complex ideas

Reduce complexity

Enhance & reinforce learning andtraining

Low cost

Easy to change the model

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What is Unified Modeling

Language (UML)? The UML is a graphical /

standard language for

visualizing, specifying,constructing & documentingthe artifacts of a software

system.

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History of UML 1980 1990 Many different

methodologies

Booch method by Grady Booch Object Modeling Technique (OMT) by JimRumbaugh

Object Oriented Software Engineering (OOSE) byIvar Jacobson

Each method had its strengths &weaknesses. Booch was great in design OMT & OOSE were great in analysis

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History of UMLUML 1.0 (Janua