Biochemistry

Chapter 3 Test Review

Organic Compounds

Functional Groups Carbs Lipids Proteins

10 10 10 10 10

20 20 20 20 20

30 30 30 30 30

40 40 40 40 40

50 50 50 50 50

Question 1 - 10

• These are made primarily of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Answer 1 – 10

• Organic compounds

Question 1 - 20

• In a molecule, energy is stored in these.

Answer 1 – 20

• Chemical bonds

Question 1 - 30

• Adenosine triphosphate loses this when a bond is broken and energy is used.

Answer 1 – 30

• Phosphate

Question 1 - 40

• Plants store long term energy in the form of starch while animals store long term energy in the form of this.

Answer 1 – 40

• glycogen

Question 1 - 50

• The three monosaccharides in the picture below are referred to as this.

Answer 1 – 50

• isomers

Question 2 - 10

• The functional group highlighted below is called this.

Answer 2 – 10

• Hydroxyl group

Question 2 - 20

• The functional group highlighted below is called this.

Answer 2 – 20

• Carboxyl group

Question 2 - 30

• The functional group highlighted below is called this.

Answer 2 – 30

• Amino group

Question 2 - 40

• The functional group highlighted below is called this.

Answer 2 – 40

• Phosphate group

Question 2 - 50

• This group (pictured below) differentiates between the 20 amino acids and gives each of them distinct properties.

Answer 2 – 50

• The R group

Question 3 - 10

• Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are composed in carbohydrates in this ratio.

Answer 3 – 10

• 1 carbon : 2 hydrogen : 1 oxygen• 1:2:1

Question 3 - 20

• The two molecules pictured below are the smaller, simpler molecules that build carbohydrate polymers.

Answer 3 – 20

• Monosaccharides (monomers)

Question 3 - 30

• A complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides is called this.

Answer 3 – 30

• Polysaccharide

Question 3 - 40

• The main source of energy for cells is this monosaccharide.

Answer 3 – 40

• glucose

Question 3 - 50

• Plants produce this structural carbohydrate to increase strength and rigidity.

Answer 3 – 50

• cellulose

Question 4 - 10

• Fats, phospholipids, and waxes are examples of these.

Answer 4 – 10

• lipids

Question 4 - 20

• Unbranched (straight) carbon chains that make up most lipids are called this.

Answer 4 – 20

• Fatty acids

Question 4 - 30

• The carboxyl end of a fatty acid is polar which gives it this property.

Answer 4 – 30

• Hydrophilic (water loving) attracted to water molecules

Question 4 - 40

• The hydrocarbon chain of a fatty acid is nonpolar which gives it this property.

Answer 4 – 40

• Hydrophobic (does not interact with water molecules)

Question 4 - 50

• The structural difference between a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat is that saturated fats have these type of bonds while unsaturated fats have these type of bond.

Answer 4 – 50

• Saturated = single bonds• Unsaturated = double bonds

Question 5 - 10

• The monomers of proteins are these.

Answer 5 – 10

• Amino acids

Question 5 - 20

• The structure and function of a protein (how it is shaped and what it does) are determined by this.

Answer 5 – 20

• Sequence of amino acids

Question 5 - 30

• This is a covalent bond that binds amino acids together.

Answer 5 – 30

• Peptide bond

Question 5 - 40

• These are special kinds of proteins that bind to substrates at an active site.

Answer 5 – 40

• enzymes

Question 5 - 50

• Amino acids are monomers that are linked together to form proteins through this kind of chemical reaction.

Answer 5 – 50

• Condensation reaction