Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

Chapter 24Chapter 24

Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

Section 1- Simple Organic Compounds Section 1- Simple Organic Compounds slides 3-20slides 3-20

Section 2- Other Organic Compounds Section 2- Other Organic Compounds slides 21-32slides 21-32

Section 3- Petroleum- A Source of Carbon Section 3- Petroleum- A Source of Carbon Compounds Compounds slides 33-44slides 33-44

Section 4- Biological Compounds Section 4- Biological Compounds slides 45-62slides 45-62

Section 1 Simple Organic Section 1 Simple Organic CompoundsCompounds

What You’ll Learn:What You’ll Learn: About organic and inorganic carbon About organic and inorganic carbon

compoundscompounds Difference between saturated and unsaturated Difference between saturated and unsaturated

hydrocarbonshydrocarbons Identify isomersIdentify isomers

1 Simple Organic Compounds1 Simple Organic Compounds

Most compounds that contain the element Most compounds that contain the element carbon are carbon are organic compounds organic compounds made by living made by living organisms or synthesized in laboratories.organisms or synthesized in laboratories.

More than 90 % of carbon compounds are More than 90 % of carbon compounds are organic. organic.

Others like carbon dioxide and carbonates are Others like carbon dioxide and carbonates are inorganic compounds.inorganic compounds.

Why does carbon form so many Why does carbon form so many organic compounds?organic compounds?

With 4 electrons in its outer energy level, With 4 electrons in its outer energy level, carbon can form one covalent bond with each carbon can form one covalent bond with each of these electrons.of these electrons.

There are many C compounds because C can There are many C compounds because C can form so many bonds. form so many bonds.

Some are small like the ones used as fuel Some are small like the ones used as fuel while some are complex like those in medicine while some are complex like those in medicine and plastics.and plastics.

How can C atoms arrange How can C atoms arrange themselves?themselves?

C atoms can bond C atoms can bond together as chains, together as chains, branched chains, & branched chains, & rings.rings.

How can C atoms arrange How can C atoms arrange themselves?themselves?

The first structure shows carbon bonded in a The first structure shows carbon bonded in a straight chain as heptane, an organic straight chain as heptane, an organic compound in gasoline.compound in gasoline.

The second structure, a branched chain, shows The second structure, a branched chain, shows isoprene, an organic compound in natural isoprene, an organic compound in natural rubber.rubber.

The third structure, a cyclic ring or chain, is The third structure, a cyclic ring or chain, is vanillin from vanilla flavoring.vanillin from vanilla flavoring.

Also forms single, double or triple covalent Also forms single, double or triple covalent bonds.bonds.

HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

A compound that is made of only carbon and A compound that is made of only carbon and hydrogen is called a hydrogen is called a hydrocarbon.hydrocarbon.

Natural gas contains the hydrocarbon methane or Natural gas contains the hydrocarbon methane or CHCH44. .

Single BondsSingle Bonds

Hydrocarbons with only single-bonded C atoms are Hydrocarbons with only single-bonded C atoms are called called saturated hydrocarbons.saturated hydrocarbons. It is saturated It is saturated because each C is bonded to as many H as possible.because each C is bonded to as many H as possible.

Boiling Points of HydrocarbonsBoiling Points of Hydrocarbons

methaneethane

propanebutane pentane

Boiling Points of HydrocarbonsBoiling Points of Hydrocarbons

Did you see a pattern?Did you see a pattern? The boiling points of The boiling points of

saturated hydrocarbons saturated hydrocarbons increase as the number increase as the number of carbon atoms in the of carbon atoms in the chain increases.chain increases.

Can different hydrocarbons have the Can different hydrocarbons have the same formula?same formula?

Butane is CButane is C44HH1010 and so is isobutane. Butane is a and so is isobutane. Butane is a

straight chain molecule but isobutane has a branched straight chain molecule but isobutane has a branched chain. chain.

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What are isomers?What are isomers?

IsomersIsomers are compounds that have the same are compounds that have the same chemical formula, but have different molecular chemical formula, but have different molecular structures & shapes. structures & shapes.

Thousands of hydrocarbons are isomers. Thousands of hydrocarbons are isomers. Butane & isobutane are two of them.Butane & isobutane are two of them.

Properties of Butane IsomersProperties of Butane Isomers

PropertyProperty ButaneButane IsobutaneIsobutane

DescriptionDescription Colorless gasColorless gas Colorless gasColorless gas

DensityDensity 0.60 kg/L0.60 kg/L 0.603 kg/L0.603 kg/L

Melting PointMelting Point -135-135°C°C -145-145°C°C

Boiling PointBoiling Point -0.5-0.5°C°C -10.2-10.2°C°C

Are there other kinds of isomers?Are there other kinds of isomers?

Some isomers differ only slightly in the way their Some isomers differ only slightly in the way their atoms are arranged. Some form what are called right-atoms are arranged. Some form what are called right-handed & left-handed molecules. These have nearly handed & left-handed molecules. These have nearly identical physical and chemical properties.identical physical and chemical properties.

Multiple BondsMultiple Bonds

Ethene or ethlylene gas Ethene or ethlylene gas is what makes fruit is what makes fruit ripen. ripen.

You can see ethene has You can see ethene has one double bond. one double bond.

The two C atoms share The two C atoms share two pairs of electrons.two pairs of electrons.

Multiple BondsMultiple Bonds

The ethyne molecule has a The ethyne molecule has a triple bond with two triple bond with two carbon atoms sharing carbon atoms sharing three pairs of electrons. three pairs of electrons. Also called acetylene, it’s Also called acetylene, it’s used in welding torches. used in welding torches. Ethene and ethyne are Ethene and ethyne are unsaturated hydrocarbons.unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Multiple BondsMultiple Bonds An An unsaturated hydrocarbon unsaturated hydrocarbon is one that has at is one that has at

least one double bond or triple bond. The least one double bond or triple bond. The compounds are unsaturated because each compounds are unsaturated because each carbon atom is not bonded to as many carbon atom is not bonded to as many hydrogens as possible.hydrogens as possible.

The last three letters tell what type of bond is The last three letters tell what type of bond is in the molecule. Compounds ending in –ane in the molecule. Compounds ending in –ane have only single bonds. Those with –ene have have only single bonds. Those with –ene have at least one double bond and –yne signifies at at least one double bond and –yne signifies at least one triple bond.least one triple bond.

Flow ChartFlow Chart

Organic compounds

Contain only C & H are called

Bond as

Single bonds

_____ bonds

______ bonds

Straight chains

________ chains

_________ chains

Flow ChartFlow Chart

Organic compounds

Contain only C & H are called

hydrocarbons

Bond as

Single bonds

Double bonds

Triple bonds

Straight chains

Branched chains

Cyclic chains

Section 2 Other Organic CompoundsSection 2 Other Organic Compounds

What You’ll Learn:What You’ll Learn: What aromatic compounds areWhat aromatic compounds are What alcohols and acids areWhat alcohols and acids are Some organic compounds you use everydaySome organic compounds you use everyday

2 Other Organic Compounds2 Other Organic Compounds

Organic compounds Organic compounds produce tastes and produce tastes and smells such as smells such as wintergreen, cloves, wintergreen, cloves, cinnamon, and vanilla.cinnamon, and vanilla.

This is wintergreen or This is wintergreen or methyl salicylate used methyl salicylate used in chewing gum.in chewing gum.

Aromatic CompoundsAromatic Compounds Other organic compounds Other organic compounds

have unpleasant tastes or have unpleasant tastes or smells.smells.

This figure shows the This figure shows the structural formula for structural formula for acetyl salicylic acid or acetyl salicylic acid or aspirin which has a sour aspirin which has a sour taste.taste.

An An aromatic compound aromatic compound contains a benzene contains a benzene structure having a ring structure having a ring made of six C atoms.made of six C atoms.

Why is benzene stable?Why is benzene stable?

The chemical structure The chemical structure for benzene is Cfor benzene is C66HH66..

The benzene ring is The benzene ring is made of six C atoms made of six C atoms bonded together by bonded together by three double bonds & three double bonds & three single bonds three single bonds alternating around the alternating around the ring. ring.

Why is benzene stable?Why is benzene stable?

All 6 C equally share All 6 C equally share the electrons making the the electrons making the molecule very stable.molecule very stable.

The symbol for benzene The symbol for benzene is a circle inside a is a circle inside a hexagon.hexagon.

Many organic structures Many organic structures contain a benzene ring.contain a benzene ring.

Are there other ring structures?Are there other ring structures?

Organic compounds can Organic compounds can contain more than one contain more than one ring structure. ring structure.

Some moth crystals are Some moth crystals are made of naphthalene made of naphthalene with two rings fused with two rings fused together.together.

Many contain 3 or more Many contain 3 or more rings fused together.rings fused together.

Substituted HydrocarbonsSubstituted Hydrocarbons

Chemists change hydrocarbons into other Chemists change hydrocarbons into other compounds with different physical & chemical compounds with different physical & chemical properties. properties. May add a double or triple bondMay add a double or triple bond May substitute different atoms or groups of atoms May substitute different atoms or groups of atoms

Substituted HydrocarbonsSubstituted Hydrocarbons

A A substituted hydrocarbon substituted hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon that has one or more of its hydrogen atoms that has one or more of its hydrogen atoms replaced by atoms or groups of atoms of other replaced by atoms or groups of atoms of other elements.elements.

Chemists decide what kinds of properties they Chemists decide what kinds of properties they want in a new compound and then they choose want in a new compound and then they choose atoms or groups of atoms or types of bonds atoms or groups of atoms or types of bonds that will give those properties.that will give those properties.

What are some substituted What are some substituted hydrocarbons?hydrocarbons?

An An alcohol alcohol forms when forms when a hydroxyl group, –OH, a hydroxyl group, –OH, replaces one or more replaces one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon.hydrocarbon.

This is ethanol. When This is ethanol. When the sugars in grains or the sugars in grains or fruits ferments, it fruits ferments, it produces ethanolproduces ethanol

What are some substituted What are some substituted hydrocarbons?hydrocarbons?

Organic acids form Organic acids form when a carboxyl group, when a carboxyl group, -COOH, attaches to a C -COOH, attaches to a C atom of a hydrocarbon.atom of a hydrocarbon.

Acetic acid is an organic Acetic acid is an organic acid found in vinegar. acid found in vinegar. Other organic acids Other organic acids include citric acid in include citric acid in citrus fruit & lactic acid citrus fruit & lactic acid in sour milk.in sour milk.

What other elements can be added to What other elements can be added to hydrocarbons?hydrocarbons?

Chlorine can be used as Chlorine can be used as well as H & O.well as H & O.

When 4 Cl atoms When 4 Cl atoms replace 4 H on ethene, replace 4 H on ethene, they form tetra-they form tetra-chloroethene, a solvent chloroethene, a solvent used in dry cleaning.used in dry cleaning.

What other elements can be added to What other elements can be added to hydrocarbons?hydrocarbons?

When 4 Fl atoms replace 4 H atoms, they form When 4 Fl atoms replace 4 H atoms, they form a compound that can be made into a black, a compound that can be made into a black, shiny material used for nonstick cookware.shiny material used for nonstick cookware.

N, Br and S are also used in substituted N, Br and S are also used in substituted hydrocarbons. hydrocarbons.

Compounds called thiols are formed when S Compounds called thiols are formed when S replaces the O in the –OH group of an alcohol.replaces the O in the –OH group of an alcohol.

Thiols are also called mercaptans which smell Thiols are also called mercaptans which smell very bad such as skunk spray.very bad such as skunk spray.

Section 3 Petroleum- A Source of Section 3 Petroleum- A Source of Carbon CompoundsCarbon Compounds

What You’ll Learn:What You’ll Learn: How carbon compounds are obtained from How carbon compounds are obtained from

petroleumpetroleum How carbon compounds form long chains of How carbon compounds form long chains of

moleculesmolecules What polymers areWhat polymers are

What is Petroleum?What is Petroleum?

Plastic comes from petroleum, a dark, Plastic comes from petroleum, a dark, flammable liquid often called crude oil. It flammable liquid often called crude oil. It exists deep within Earth. Coal, natural gas, & exists deep within Earth. Coal, natural gas, & petroleum are all called fossil fuels because petroleum are all called fossil fuels because they come from fossilized material.they come from fossilized material.

Oil wells pump crude oil to Earth’s surface.Oil wells pump crude oil to Earth’s surface. Engineers separate the mixture by fractional Engineers separate the mixture by fractional

distillation at refineries in metal towers called distillation at refineries in metal towers called fractionating towers.fractionating towers.

What is a fractionating tower?What is a fractionating tower?

As tall as 35 m, metal As tall as 35 m, metal plates are arranged to let plates are arranged to let vapors pass through.vapors pass through.

Pipes are attached at Pipes are attached at different levels to different levels to separate crude oil into separate crude oil into fractions using fractions using distillation. distillation.

Depending upon their Depending upon their boiling point, vapors boiling point, vapors condense at particular condense at particular levels or temps.levels or temps.

What is a fractionating tower?What is a fractionating tower?

Crude oil is heated to Crude oil is heated to more than 350more than 350°C. Most °C. Most of the hydrocarbons turn of the hydrocarbons turn into vapor & begin to into vapor & begin to rise inside the tower.rise inside the tower.

Vapors of the fractions Vapors of the fractions with the highest boiling with the highest boiling points only reach the points only reach the lowest plates before lowest plates before condensing, draining off condensing, draining off & being collected.& being collected.

Uses for Petroleum CompoundsUses for Petroleum Compounds Some fractions are used for fuels. Butane & Some fractions are used for fuels. Butane &

propane are some of the lightest fractions taken propane are some of the lightest fractions taken from the top of the tower. Molecules of propane from the top of the tower. Molecules of propane have 3 C atoms; butane has 4 C atoms.have 3 C atoms; butane has 4 C atoms.

Molecules with 5-10 C atoms/molecule condense Molecules with 5-10 C atoms/molecule condense on the upper plate & are used for gasoline & on the upper plate & are used for gasoline & solvents. solvents.

Those that condense on lower plates have 12-18 Those that condense on lower plates have 12-18 C atoms like kerosene & jet fuel. C atoms like kerosene & jet fuel.

Bottom fractions are lubricating oil with leftovers Bottom fractions are lubricating oil with leftovers used to make asphalt to pave roads.used to make asphalt to pave roads.

PolymersPolymers

A A polymer polymer is a very large molecule made from is a very large molecule made from small molecules linked together like a chain.small molecules linked together like a chain.

A A monomer monomer is the small molecule that forms a is the small molecule that forms a link in the polymer chain.link in the polymer chain.

A polymer chain can contain as many as A polymer chain can contain as many as 10,000 monomers.10,000 monomers.

What are some common polymers?What are some common polymers?

Plastic is a common polymer made from the Plastic is a common polymer made from the monomer ethene or ethylene combined monomer ethene or ethylene combined repeatedly to makerepeatedly to make polyethylene polyethylene for shopping for shopping bags and plastic bottles.bags and plastic bottles.

Polypropylene is used to make glues and Polypropylene is used to make glues and carpets.carpets.

Copolymers consist of two or more different Copolymers consist of two or more different monomers combined to make one polymer monomers combined to make one polymer molecule.molecule.

What are some common polymers?What are some common polymers?

Characteristics include being light & flexible.Characteristics include being light & flexible. So strong used to make plastic pipes, boats, car So strong used to make plastic pipes, boats, car

bodies;bodies; Used in place of wood & metal in buildings.Used in place of wood & metal in buildings. Some people call this the age of plastics.Some people call this the age of plastics.

What determines the properties of What determines the properties of polymer materials?polymer materials?

Their properties depend on which monomers are Their properties depend on which monomers are used to make them– are they branched & what used to make them– are they branched & what shape are they?shape are they?

Sometimes the same polymer can take two Sometimes the same polymer can take two completely different forms like polystyrenecompletely different forms like polystyrene Clear CD cases are by blowing COClear CD cases are by blowing CO22 into melted into melted

polystyrene as it is moldedpolystyrene as it is molded Foam cups & packing materials have bubbles Foam cups & packing materials have bubbles

remaining in the polymer making it a good insulator.remaining in the polymer making it a good insulator.

What determines the properties of What determines the properties of polymer materials?polymer materials?

Polymers can be spun into thread & made into Polymers can be spun into thread & made into tough fabrics for suitcases & backpacks or for tough fabrics for suitcases & backpacks or for bulletproof vests.bulletproof vests.

Polymer fibers can stretch and return to their Polymer fibers can stretch and return to their original shape for exercise clothing.original shape for exercise clothing.

What are some other petroleum What are some other petroleum products?products?

Other products are made by separating Other products are made by separating individual compounds from the petroleum individual compounds from the petroleum fractions & then changed into substituted fractions & then changed into substituted hydrocarbons to make:hydrocarbons to make: AspirinAspirin InsecticidesInsecticides Printing inkPrinting ink FlavoringsFlavorings DyesDyes

Are there some problems with Are there some problems with polymers?polymers?

Disposing of things made with polymers is a Disposing of things made with polymers is a problem because they do not decompose.problem because they do not decompose.

Recycling reuses clean plastics to make new Recycling reuses clean plastics to make new products.products.

DepolymerizationDepolymerization uses heat or chemicals to uses heat or chemicals to break long polymer chains into monomer break long polymer chains into monomer fragments which then can be used to make fragments which then can be used to make other polymers. Too expensive to be practical other polymers. Too expensive to be practical now due to different process for each polymer.now due to different process for each polymer.

Section 4 Biological CompoundsSection 4 Biological Compounds

What You’ll Learn:What You’ll Learn: About proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, About proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates,

and lipidsand lipids Polymers in foodPolymers in food Biological polymersBiological polymers

Biological PolymersBiological Polymers

Many important biological compounds in your Many important biological compounds in your body are biological polymers:body are biological polymers: Huge molecules made of monomersHuge molecules made of monomers Larger than monomers of other polymersLarger than monomers of other polymers Examples include proteins, nucleic acids, Examples include proteins, nucleic acids,

carbohydrates, & lipids.carbohydrates, & lipids.

ProteinsProteins ProteinsProteins are large are large

organic polymers formed organic polymers formed from organic monomers from organic monomers called amino acids.called amino acids.

Only 20 amino acids can Only 20 amino acids can make millions of make millions of different proteins for different proteins for various tissues of your various tissues of your body like muscles, body like muscles, tendons, hair, fingernails, tendons, hair, fingernails, etc.etc.

Cell parts are pictured.Cell parts are pictured.

What are amino acids?What are amino acids? Amino acids are the Amino acids are the

monomers that combine monomers that combine to form proteins.to form proteins.

The figure shows the The figure shows the structures of the amino structures of the amino acids.acids.

Each amino acid has an Each amino acid has an amine group, -NHamine group, -NH22 & a & a

carboxyl group, carboxyl group, -COOH.-COOH.

What are amino acids?What are amino acids?

The amine group of one The amine group of one amino acid can combine amino acid can combine with the carboxyl group with the carboxyl group of another amino acid.of another amino acid.

This compound is a This compound is a peptide with a peptide peptide with a peptide bond joining them.bond joining them.

A molecule containing A molecule containing 50 or more amino acids 50 or more amino acids is called a protein.is called a protein.

What do proteins look like?What do proteins look like?

Because proteins are Because proteins are such a long chain, it such a long chain, it twists around itself & twists around itself & can be identified by the can be identified by the way it twists.way it twists.

Many foods contain Many foods contain proteins which your proteins which your body breaks into body breaks into monomers to make new monomers to make new proteins for blood & proteins for blood & muscles, etc.muscles, etc.

Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids

Nucleic acids Nucleic acids are another are another group of organic polymers group of organic polymers that are essential for life.that are essential for life.

They control cell activities They control cell activities & reproduction.& reproduction.

DNA or DNA or deoxyribonucleic deoxyribonucleic acid acid codes & stores genetic codes & stores genetic information (genetic code) information (genetic code) in the nuclei of cells.in the nuclei of cells.

What is DNA made of?What is DNA made of? Monomers called Monomers called

nucleotides make up nucleotides make up DNA. DNA.

Nucleotides contain an Nucleotides contain an organic base, a sugar, a organic base, a sugar, a phosphoric acid unit. phosphoric acid unit.

Two chains of nucleotides Two chains of nucleotides twist around each other twist around each other like a “twisted ladder” or like a “twisted ladder” or a double helix (spiral).a double helix (spiral).

What is DNA made of?What is DNA made of? Human DNA has 4 base Human DNA has 4 base

pairs which forms pairs which forms millions of combinations.millions of combinations.

The figure shows how The figure shows how bases on one side of the bases on one side of the ladder link with the other ladder link with the other side to form a base pair.side to form a base pair.

The genetic code of DNA The genetic code of DNA gives instructions for gives instructions for making other nucleotides making other nucleotides & proteins needed by the & proteins needed by the body.body.

What is DNA fingerprinting?What is DNA fingerprinting?

Each molecule of DNA in your body has more Each molecule of DNA in your body has more than 5 million base pairs. than 5 million base pairs.

Your DNA is unique unless you have an Your DNA is unique unless you have an identical twin.identical twin.

DNA can be used to solve crimes by removing DNA can be used to solve crimes by removing the DNA from hair, blood, or saliva left at a the DNA from hair, blood, or saliva left at a crime scene. crime scene.

By breaking the polymer into monomers & By breaking the polymer into monomers & comparing the pattern to a suspect’s DNA, comparing the pattern to a suspect’s DNA, they can link the suspect to the crime scene.they can link the suspect to the crime scene.

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are are organic compounds organic compounds made of C, H & O with made of C, H & O with twice as many H atoms twice as many H atoms as O atoms.as O atoms.

Carbohydrates include Carbohydrates include sugars & starches.sugars & starches.

Foods like bread & Foods like bread & pasta contain pasta contain carbohydrates.carbohydrates.

What are sugars?What are sugars? Sucrose is table sugar which Sucrose is table sugar which

the body breaks down into the body breaks down into fructose & glucose or more fructose & glucose or more simple sugars.simple sugars.

Fruit contains fructose.Fruit contains fructose. Glucose is found in your Glucose is found in your

blood & in fruit & honey.blood & in fruit & honey. Eating sugar-rich food gives Eating sugar-rich food gives

you a quick boost of energy.you a quick boost of energy.

Sucrose C12H22O11

Glucose C6H12O6

What is a starch?What is a starch?

Starch is a polymer Starch is a polymer carbohydrate made of carbohydrate made of monomers of glucose.monomers of glucose.

Your body breaks it into Your body breaks it into sugars which release sugars which release energy into your cells.energy into your cells.

Athletes use starches for Athletes use starches for long lasting energy stored long lasting energy stored in the liver & muscle cells in the liver & muscle cells as glycogen for a fresh as glycogen for a fresh burst of power.burst of power.

LipidsLipids

Lipids Lipids are organic are organic compounds like fats and compounds like fats and oils such as butter and oils such as butter and corn oil.corn oil.

Lipids are made of C, H Lipids are made of C, H & O but with fewer O & O but with fewer O atoms than carbohydrates.atoms than carbohydrates.

Another difference is that Another difference is that lipids contain carboxyl lipids contain carboxyl groups, -COOH while groups, -COOH while carbohydrates do not.carbohydrates do not.

What are some lipids in your diet?What are some lipids in your diet?

Fats & oils are similar in structure to Fats & oils are similar in structure to hydrocarbons. hydrocarbons.

If they only have single bonds between C If they only have single bonds between C atoms, they are saturated fats.atoms, they are saturated fats.

Unsaturated fat that has only one double bond Unsaturated fat that has only one double bond is monounsaturated.is monounsaturated.

An unsaturated fat that has two or more double An unsaturated fat that has two or more double bonds is polyunsaturatedbonds is polyunsaturated

What are some lipids in your diet?What are some lipids in your diet? Fats are lipids that come Fats are lipids that come

from animals.from animals. Usually saturated & Usually saturated &

solid at room solid at room temperature.temperature.

Oils are unsaturated & Oils are unsaturated & usually liquid at room usually liquid at room temperature. temperature.

Sometimes H is added Sometimes H is added to vegetable oil to to vegetable oil to saturate the C & make it saturate the C & make it solid.solid.

CholesterolCholesterol

Found in meats, eggs, Found in meats, eggs, butter, cheese, & fish, butter, cheese, & fish, your body also produces your body also produces cholesterol & uses it to cholesterol & uses it to build cell membranes.build cell membranes.

Found in the digestive Found in the digestive fluid bile.fluid bile.

Can cause damage to Can cause damage to the heart & blood the heart & blood vessels.vessels.

CholesterolCholesterol

Eating too many foods with high amounts of Eating too many foods with high amounts of saturated fats & cholesterol may cause heart saturated fats & cholesterol may cause heart disease.disease.

Some unsaturated fats may protect the heart Some unsaturated fats may protect the heart from disease.from disease.

A balanced diet contains some fats as well as A balanced diet contains some fats as well as proteins & carbohydrates.proteins & carbohydrates.