overview of waste management industry in india: policy...

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31/10/2017

Overview of Waste Management Industry in India:

Policy & Regulatory Framework

Vaishali Nandan,

Deputy Director, GIZ-SNUSP

25th September, 2017

GIZ Project – SNUSP II

Support to M/o-Housing & Urban Affairs in implementation of

Clean India Mission (Swachh Bharat Mission)

Objective: “Indian states and their cities take effective measures to avoid

pollution caused by wastewater and municipal solid waste.”

Uttarakhand

MaharashtraTelangana

Andhra Pradesh

Kerala

P

R

O

J

E

C

T

L

O

C

A

T

I

O

N

s

National Level

State Level

Urban Local Body

MoHUA (main partner),

MoEFCC, CPHEEO,

CPCB,, NIUA

Shimla, Raipur,

Nashik, Tirupati, Kochi

State Cell

Support

Urban Development Dept .–

Kerala, Uttarakhand,

Telangana,

Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra

Cells – MoHUA

Support- MoEFCC,

NIUA, CPHEEO &

CPCB

Environmental

Cell (phase I)

Universities,

Training

Institutions,

NGOs,

International

and National

Consultants,

Multi-lateral

and Bilateral

organizations

How We Work?

• GIZ supports the partner’s processes

• Three Level Approach with focus on States & selected Cities

• Lessons learned at city & state level are fed back to the state and central level

Our work under SNUSP

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National

City

State

MSWM Manual, 2016, inputs in framing SWM Rules,

MSWM Manual based Trainings & ToT for training institutes,

EPR framework, compost policy roll-out, etc.

State Policy & Strategy development,

DPR preparation templates & DPR quality control,

Handholding trainings and Support to training institutes

City support for preparing & implementing of DPR,

handholding in implementation, trainings

Urbanization trends in India

Type of Urban Units2011

Census

2001

Census

1. Towns: 7,935 5,161

(a) Statutory Towns 4,041 3,799

(b) Census Towns 3,894 1,362

2. Urban

Agglomerations475 384

• Urban Population - 377 million

(31.16 %)

• Total number of urban centers:

7935

• Statutory Towns (4041nos) are

administered by Urban Local

Bodies

• Census towns have trebled over

a decade. Increase in Statutory

Towns has been much slower.

Source: Census of India, 2011

Census Towns are

administered via rural

administration – provision of

urban services not mandatory

in these areas

Waste characteristics:

Per capita generation in Indian cities:

0.2 kg-0.6kg/capita/day

Compostable fraction: 29 – 65 %

Total recyclables: 9 -37 %

Calorific value : 591 – 3766 kcal/kg

Total waste collected 75-80%

Total treated 22-28%

Data show large variations

ULBs don’t create primary data

Municipal Solid Waste Management Sector in India

Total Waste generation- 62 million tonns annually (2016)

Governance structure in India

Government of India

State Government (s)

Rural Local Bodies

Panchayat

Urban Local Bodies

Municipality and Municipal

Corporation

• Federal structure with three tiers of

governance

• Third tier of local self government

was given recognition in 1992 (after

the 73rd and 74th Constitutional

Amendments)

• Urban Local Bodies constitute of the

executive wing – headed by the

Municipal Commissioner and the

elected legislative wing – headed by

the MayorUrban Local Body

Responsibilities devolved by State Govt.

Solid Waste Management, Sanitation, by-laws

Urban Planning, Water Supply, Sewerage Fire Services, etc.

State Government

State List of Constitution

Departments of Urban Development, Local Self government, etc. state policy

Government orders adopting national directives, implementing missions

Government of India

Union List of Constitution

Ministry of Urban Development, Environment, Forests & Climate Change, etc. Laws, rules, national level financial schemes/ missions/ programs

Informal recycling system in India

Buy waste directly from Households

Manufacturers/ Traders

Recyclers

Bulk scrap dealers

Small scrap dealers

waste pickersPick up waste

As on April 1st 2004

for 128 cities

The MSWM&H rules 2000 were notified by MoEF to improve municipal

solid waste management in urban areas.

The timeline for treatment and sanitary land filling was 2003

Few ULB’s in the country have installed SWM facilities till date

MSW (M & H) Rules 2000

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Fund Allocation for MSWM since 2005

JNNURM (2005)

• 316 Million Euros/2090.52 crores INR for 40 cities (as on May 2009)

Finance Commissions 12th & 13

• 415 Million Euros/ 2500 crores INR to MoUD for strengthening

MSWM

• Recommended 50% of all grants to be used for MSWM

Clean India Mission (Swachh Bharat Mission) (2014-19)

Estimated cost of implementing: Rs. 62,009 Crore (ca. 8 Billion

EUR).

Actual funding Rs. 14,623 Crore by Centre; Rs. 4,874 Crore by

States and ULBS; General funding share is Central is 35% and

state 25%.

Balance by city through (Private Sector, User Charges, Land

Leveraging, Innovative Revenue Streams, etc.).

Ground reality in most ULBs

SBM

NAPCC

National

Mission on

Sustainable

Habitat

RAY

Basic

Services for

Urban Poor

E-Governance

Property TaxNUSP

ULB’s need more qualified staff to manage complex change processes!

Solid Waste Management, Water Supply, Sewerage, Storm water drainage,

Transportation, Health, Double Accounting etc……

Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016

Municipal Solid Waste Management Manual, 2016

Central guidance in the Rules

MoEFCC: Central Monitoring Committee

Mo Urban Development: Provide technical guidelines and project finance

to states, training – MSWM Manual 2016 and SBM

CPCB: Review new technologies through SPCB, guidelines

Department of Fertilisers, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers:

market development assistance on city compost; ensure promotion of co-

marketing of compost in the ratio of 3 to 4 bags: 6 to 7

Ministry of Agriculture: FCO, labs for testing quality of compost,

utilization on farmland

Ministry of Power : power tariff and compulsory power purchase

MNRE: W2E plants – facilitate infrastructure and incentives

State guidance in the Rules

Urban Development Department

• State Policy and Strategy

• Land – allocation of land; incorporation in master plan, development

plan, building by-laws

• Special Economic Zone, Industrial Estate, Industrial Park - at

least 5% of total area of plot or minimum five plots/ sheds for

recovery and recycling facilities

• Common regional landfill site for areas within 50km of each other

• Notify buffer zone for processing and disposal facilities

District Collector – allocation of land and review of town progress

SPCB: review new technologies, environmental clearance of landfill sites

and buffer zone

SWM Rule elements: Integrated SWM Hierarchy

priority to

prevention,

reduction,

reuse,

recycling,

recovery

Over

disposal

Elements of the Rule

• Source segregation – minimum 3 categories

• Responsibility of Generator to segregate; includes bulk

generators

• Decentralized and Centralized systems of waste

management including cluster and regional approaches

• Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for recycled

packaging products such as plastic, tin, glass, sanitary napkins,

etc.,

• Integration of the informal sector

• Use Fee

• Capacity building of ULB staff

Technologies promoted in the Rules

• Composting for organic – windrow, vermi-composting, invessel, box

composting, etc

• Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) for recyclable waste

• Coprocessing in cement and power use of non-biodegradable &

non recyclable solid waste, calorific value > 1500k/cal

• Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) for managing rejects from recycling

• Waste Incineration for rejects of recycling

• Scientific Landfilling of inerts <20% going to landfill. Rules promotes

zero waste to go to landfill

• Rehabilitation and/ closure of old dumpsites

Promote products – usage/ application

• Compost

• Compost Policy for subsidy for sale of compost INR 1500/ton

through fertilizer industries or direct sale

• Quality of compost to tested in Agriculture certified labs before

use based on FCO 2009 and FCO 2013

• Industrial units: within 100km from RDF and W2E plants based on

solid waste to use RDF

• Coprocessing of non-biodegradable & non recyclable solid waste,

calorific value > 1500k/cal in cement and power industry

• Special Economic Zone, Industrial Estate, Industrial Park to

earmark at least 5% of total area of plot or minimum five plots or sheds

for recovery and recycling facility

PPP models in MSW

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MSW Management

& Operation

Characteristics

Relevant

Contract

Models

Examples of

implementing

ULBs

Collection and

Transportation

• Large number of work

force, vehicles & equipment

• Logistics-intensive

• Citizen interface

• Investment & scope varies

Service contracts

Management

contracts

Concession for 7

years or more

Bangalore, Surat,

Ahmedabad,

Chennai, etc.

Street

sweeping

• Labor-intensive

• Logistics-intensive

• Minimal investment in tool

and equipment

• Limited technical skills

Service contracts

subject to contract

labour

Delhi, Hyderabad,

Chennai, Rajkot,

Surat, etc

Transport • Capital-intensive

• Fleet management

skills

Concession

contracts

Bangalore,

Delhi, Chennai,

Ahmedabad, Surat

Processing and

disposal

• Capital-intensive

• Technically skilled staffing

• Experience of

technology deployed

Concession contracts

(DBO, BOO,

DBOOT) for 20 years

or more

Surat, Delhi,

Hyderabad,

Coimbatore Pune,

31.10.2017

Thank You!

overview of waste management industry in india: policy...

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