Natural Resources Of Pakistan

MINERAL RESOURCES

WATER RESOURCES

IRRIGATION SYSTEM OF PAKISTAN

POWER RESOURCES

FOREST RESOURCES

Danish Riaz

Adil Mubarak

Arslan Mukhtar

BBA

Introduction

1. Coal

Black Gold

850 Trillion Cubic Feet

Coal reserves 175 billion tons

618 billion barrels of crude oil

2. Natural Gas

885.3 billion cubic meters

Daily production 19 million cubic meters

3. Crude OilCovers 122.67 square kilometres

322 Barrels Of Oil

5. Mineral Salt

Minned in the region since 320 BC

Khewra Salt Mines

110 square kilometres (42 Sq mi)

220 million tonnes of rock salt deposits

325,000 tons salt per annum

6. Copper & Gold

170,000 metric tons of copper

300,000 ounces of gold a year

350,000 tons a year of copper

900,000 ounces of gold

IRRIGATION SYSTEM OF PAKISTAN1. Wells or Tube-wells

It is the oldest method of irrigation in Pakistan. Wells and Tube-wells system is

successful where water level is high and where canal system is not common. Animal power

and electricity is used for to obtain water from wells and tube-wells. To utilize ground water

0.7 million tube wells have been installed.

2. Canals

Canal is an artificial waterway constructed for purposes of

irrigation, drainage, or navigation, or in connection

with a hydroelectric dam. Canal is the thing which brings

river water close to the field where it is required to be.

3. Perennial Canals:These canals supply water throughout the year. Perennial canals are the canals that are used to

supply water to the field and these are taken either from dams or barrages. Important Perennial Canals of Punjab are Upper Bari Doab, Lower Bari Doab, Sidhnai Canals, Upper and Lower Chenab,

Upper Jhelum canals originating from Trimmu Headworks and Canals originating from river

Sutlej at Ferozpur, Islam, Suleimanki and Panjnad Headworks.

4. Inundation Canals (Flood Canals):

These canals run only during the rainy season when water level in river rises. The quantity of

water they supply is uncertain. These canals, like other canals, are taken from the rivers but the

difference is that they get water when there is a rise in the water level due to flood. Many old

canals from the Indus and the Chenab fall in this category.

5. Link Canals

Link canals are those canals which creates link between one river to an other rives to fulfill the

shortage of water. There are a number of link canals constructed under Indus water treaty in

Pakistan.

6.Karez

Karez is also an irrigation system which is adopted only in

Baluchistan province. It is an underground-short canal

system which is built to carry water at the foothill to the fields. Karez system is very

popular in Pashin and Quetta districts.

POWER RESOURCESA. HYDRO ELECTRICITY:

Nature has provided suitable environment in Pakistan. To produce hydroelectricity environment is better for it. The northern and north western area of Pakistan is suitable for building of dams. Both public and private sectors have planned to increase the production of

hydroelectricity in Pakistan. Pakistan's total hydroelectricity production is 4963 Megawatt.

Pakistan has the capacity of production of 30000 MW from its river Indus, Jehlum and Chenab.

1. Tarbela Dam

This dam is situated on Indus River. The Tarbela dam produces 70% of the total

hydroelectricity production of Pakistan. Its installed generation capacity is 3478 MW. The Tarbela Dam was constructed in 1976 and its cost was about Rs.18 billions. This

dam is about 9000 feet long. The Tarbela is one of the biggest dams of the world.

2. Mangla Dam

This dam is located on Jehlum River. This dam installed generation

capacity of power is 1000 MW which is 20% of total hydroelectricity of the country. This dam was constructed

and completed in 1967 the height of this dam is 110 meters. This dam is

made of concrete. This is second biggest dam in Pakistan.

B. THERMAL ELECTRICITY:

The Thermal power stations are generating electricity by gas, oil and coal in Pakistan.

The 49.8% of the total electricity is produced by the thermal power. The

thermal power production is 4921 MW in Pakistan. There are 13 thermal power

stations working in Pakistan. The biggest station is working in Karachi this station generates 1756 MW. The second biggest station is working in Multan. It generates

260 MW

Important Thermal StationsFuture Plans

A large number of projects have been planned to meet future energy

requirements of Pakistan. This project is working rapidly. If this

project works better than our country will make progress by leaps and

bounds.

C. SOLAR ENERGY:

The energy that we get from sun is called solar energy. We have

abundance of this energy but important thing is the maximum use of it. This energy is used to

operate small machines and motor in future the solar energy

will become the biggest source of energy of the world because other sources are costly and

difficult to exploit.

Advance Energy1. Atomic Energy

Atomic energy is the advance source of this world. Although this source of energy is very sophisticated and multi disciplinary system. As the rapid growth of population sources are also increasing at the same rate. That's

why it is an important source of energy indeveloping countries

2. Pakistan is an Atomic Power

By the grace of Allah Pakistan has become a great Atomic Power. Pakistan has operated Atomic blasts in Chagi in Balochistan on 28 May 1998. Pakistan

had to face many difficulties to achieve progress in the atomic program

3. Nuclear Power Technology

Nuclear Power technology was introduced in Pakistan in 1971 when a plant of 136 MW capacity namely

Karachi. Nuclear power plant (KANUPP) was installed. This plant has been operating safely for more than 31

years. IN other important Cheshma nuclear power project is also working with the help of China. This has been connected to the national grid on June 13

2000. It has a gross capacity of 325 MW and is located near Cheshma Barrage on left bank of river Indus.

FOREST RESOURCESForests are limited to 4% of

Pakistan’s land; nonetheless the forests are a main source of food,

lumber, paper, fuel wood and medicine. The forests are also used

for wildlife conversation and ecotourism.

1. More ProductionNatural resources are helpful

to increase in level of productivity by applying modern techniques of

production. If a country is rich in resources it means there are more possibilities to enhance

the production.

2. Agriculture DevelopmentAvailability of natural resources

like fertile land, favourable climatic conditions and more

water resources are necessary for the development of

agriculture sector. Resources are also required to develop the

agro based industries.

3. Industrial Development

Development of agriculture sector means the development of industrial

sector. Power and energy resources like oil and gas etc. are like primary

requirement of industrial development. Iron and steel resources are helpful to

develop the industrial sector. Furniture and fishing industries are mainly depend

upon natural resources.

4. Increase in Forex

Pakistan is exporting food items, textile goods, petroleum and some other goods which is only and only

possible due to availability of natural resources. Accordingly

natural resources increase the forex resources of a country.

5. Infrastructure Development

Development of infrastructure like water, sanitation, roads,

energy and electricity is possible only with the help of various natural resources. Developed

infrastructure is necessary for the economic and social development

of a country.

6. Transportation

Extraction of resources and movement of resources develops the transport

system in a country. Transportations like railways, road, water and air transport

is playing a vital role in the economic and social

development of a country.

7. High Living StandardAvailability and proper use of natural resources is

compulsory to improve the living standard of the population. Natural resources play very important role in the economic

development that leads to high living standard.

8. More EmploymentsNatural resources like forests, fisheries and oil

extractions have provided a lot of jobs to population. More employment opportunities develop the social set up of a

country.

9. Urbanization

Utilization of natural resources has increased the process of urbanization

in the country. It has developed some

new cities and developed the some

existing cities.

WATER RESOURCES As per World Health Organization (WHO) report 80 percent of the

diseases are due to unhygienic conditions and unsafe drinking water.

65% of population have access to safe drinking water

0.884 billion people lack access to safe water

2.5 billion lack access to basic sanitation

1. Base for LifeWithout water, there can be no life.

In fact, every living thing consists mostly of water. Your body is about two-thirds water. A chicken is about three-fourths water, and a pineapple is about four-fifths water. We drink

water, cook with it, bathe in it, sprinkle our lawns with it, fill our

backyard swimming pools with it -even create theme parks based on it.

We need water in our homes, to brush our teeth, cook food and wash

dishes.

2. Water for Agriculture Sector

Every plant, animal, and human being needs water to stay alive. We need water for

irrigation, to raise crops in regions that do not get enough rain. It is estimated that 70% of

world-wide water use is for irrigation. In some areas of the world, irrigation is necessary to

grow any crop at all, in other areas it permits more profitable crops to be grown or enhances

crop yield.

3. Water in living things

All living things need a lot of water to carry out their life processes. Plants,

animals, and human beings must take in nutrients (food substances). If the

body loses more than 20 per cent of its normal water content, a person will die

painfully. Human beings must take in about 2.4 liters of water a day.

4. Waterpower or Hydropower

Water power, or hydropower, furnishes about 7 percent of

the world's commercial energy. Where water flows

from a high place to a lower one, the gravitational energy

of the falling water can be captured and used to produce

other forms of energy.

5. Water for IndustryIt is estimated that 15% of world-

wide water use in industrial. Major industrial users include power plants, which use water

for cooling or as a power source (i.e. hydroelectric plants), ore and oil refineries, which use

water in chemical processes, and manufacturing plants, which use water as a dissolving something.

6. Water for Recreation

Today, people still depend on water transportation to carry such

heavy and bulky products as machinery, coal, grain, and oil.

People build most of their recreation areas along lakes, rivers, and seas. They enjoy water sports,

such as swimming, fishing, and sailing.

7. Environment

Explicit environmental water use is also a very small but growing percentage of total water use.

Environmental water usage includes artificial wetlands,

artificial lakes intended to create wildlife habitat, fish ladders

around dams, and water releases from reservoirs timed to help fish

eggs.