photomod. project creation

Digital Photogrammetric System

Version 5.21

USERMANUAL

Project Creation

PHOTOMOD 5.2

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1. ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Main steps

2. ............................................................................................. 4 Active profile creation or selecting

3. ............................................................................................................................. 6 Project creation

3.1 ............................................................... 6 Project files placement in profile resources system3.2 ............................................................................................................................ 7 New project

3.2.1 .......................................................................................................... 9 W/o project mode3.2.2 .................................................................................................................... 9 Project types

3.2.2.1 .................................................................................................... 9 Central projection3.2.2.2 ........................................................................................... 10 Space scanner survey

3.2.2.2.1 .................................................................................. 12 Scanner images formats3.2.2.2.2 12

Number of GCP recommended for space images processing in PHOTOMOD

3.2.2.2.3 ......................... 13 Accuracy of scanner blocks processing on adjustment stage3.2.2.3 .............................................................................................. 14 ADS 40 project type

3.2.2.3.1 .................................................................................. 15 ADS data preprocessing3.2.2.3.2 ................................................ 16 ADS data preparation in PHOTOMOD system3.2.2.3.3 .................................................................................. 18 Creating ADS 40 project3.2.2.3.4 ................................................................. 18 Adding images into ADS 40 project3.2.2.3.5 ................................................ 21 Processing of ADS 40 project in PHOTOMOD

3.2.2.4 .................................................................................... 22 VisionMap A3 project type3.2.3 .......................................................................................... 23 Selecting coordinate system

3.2.3.1 ............................................................................... 24 Coordinate systems database3.2.3.1.1 ..................................................... 24 International coordinate systems database

3.2.3.2 ................................................................................ 24 Types of coordinate systems3.2.3.3 ................................................................................... 24 Coordinate systems builder

3.2.3.3.1 ............................................................................... 26 Coordinate system editing3.2.3.3.2 ............................................................................. 27 Coordinate system creating3.2.3.3.3 ............................................................................. 31 Geoid selection and editing

4. .............................................................................................................................. 32 Block forming

4.1 ........................................................................................................................... 33 Block editor4.2 ........................................................................................................................... 35 Block menu4.3 ......................................................................................................................... 36 Adding strips4.4 ...................................................................................................... 37 Adding images to project

4.4.1 ................................................................................................ 38 Adding images from files4.4.2 ...................................................................................... 42 Adding images from resources4.4.3 ................................................................................................................. 43 ImageWizard

4.4.3.1 ............................................................................. 45 Main features of ImageWizard4.4.3.2 ................................................................ 47 Performing operations in ImageWizard4.4.3.3 ................................................................. 48 Additional parameters of ImageWizard

4.4.4 ................................................................................................... 48 Radiometric correction4.4.5 .............................................................................. 54 Adding scanner images to a project

4.4.5.1 ...................................... 58 Viewing properties and manual adding of images found4.4.5.1.1 ................................................................................................ 60 Pan sharpening

4.4.5.2 .................................................................................. 63 Loading images to a project4.5 ......................................................................................................................... 65 Block editing

4.5.1 ....................................................................... 65 Automatic composing images into strips4.5.2 .................................................................................................... 66 Operations with strips4.5.3 ................................................................................................. 66 Operations with images

4.6 ..................................................................................... 67 Block scheme window (2D window)5. ................................................................................................................... 69 Project management

5.1 ........................................................................................................................ 69 Project Menu5.2 ............................................................................................... 70 Project management window5.3 ...................................................................................................... 71 Management operations

5.3.1 .................................................................................................................. 71 Open project

Project creation

RACURS Co., Ul. Yaroslavskaya, 13-A, office 15, 129366, Moscow, Russia 3

5.3.2 ........................................................................................................... 72 Project properties5.3.3 ................................................................................................................... 73 Project state5.3.4 ........................................................................... 74 Import projects from PHOTOMOD 4.x5.3.5 .............................................................................................................. 77 Copying project5.3.6 .............................................................................................................. 78 Deleting project5.3.7 ................................................................................................... 78 New folder connecting5.3.8 ................................................................ 78 How to open PHOTOMOD Explorer window5.3.9 ............................................................................................................... 79 Projects joining5.3.10 .................................................................................... 84 Creating of project backup copy5.3.11 ....................................................................................... 86 Restore a project from backup

PHOTOMOD 5.21

1. Main steps There are three main steps in the process of project creation in PHOTOMOD system: 1. Active profile creation or selecting creation of local profile to place there all project(s) resources or connecting a network profile already created. Selection of active profile for work in PHOTOMOD session. See the chapter Active profile creation or selecting. 2. Project creation creation of new project, project type specifying, and coordinate system selection. See also the chapter Project creation. 3. Forming of images block of a project block forming using project images (strips creating and loading of source images). See also the chapter Block forming.

2. Active profile creation or selecting After PHOTOMOD system installation, prior to start of project creation (or work with existing projects), you should create a profile for resources placement. Project resources are working files of a project or a group of projects available for work in PHOTOMOD session. Profile is a tree of resources which includes:

Root profile virtual name; Upper level branches virtual folders virtual names of physical local or network

folders/disks. At that the virtual folder can be connected with one real folder/disk or with group of folders/disks (storage group);

Resources all subfolders and files of each usual folder/disk, for which virtual folder is specified.

Thus, you can place profile resources on any network machines and disks. Profiles can be local or network and are used correspondingly for individual or simultaneous work with projects on several workstations. Control Panel program is using for profiles creation and forming of resources structure of each profile. PHOTOMOD Explorer program is using to view and edit active profile resources. These programs can be launched from menu Start | Programs | PHOTOMOD |

or from context menu opened using double click on the icon . More details on PHOTOMOD resources system, recommendations on local or network work organizing, and on profiles creation and virtual folders connecting see in General information User Guide. In one PHOTOMOD system session only one selected active profile is available. You can select the active profile in Profile list in the context menu opened using double click on the

icon or using double click in the Control Panel. Current active profile is ticked off in lists. When the active profile is selected, you can start PHOTOMOD system all resources of the selected profile are available for work until other active profile will be specified. Example of resources structure of network profile:

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Project creation 2011

5 RACURS Co., Ul. Yaroslavskaya, 13-A, office 15, 129366, Moscow, Russia

Creation of resources structure of network profile

Meridian (Example) a name of a virtual profile, that has following resources structure:

Virtual folder Projects virtual name of a folder on server disk for projects storing; Virtual folder Images virtual name of a storages group (physical folders, located on

different servers) for images automatic placement; Virtual folder Additional virtual name of a folder on a server for storing of any

auxiliary data, such as triangulation points files, exterior orientation parameters, external DEMs, etc.;

Virtual folder Test virtual name of a local folder on a workstation used for examples. Then PHOTOMOD Explorer shows the following resources tree for the profile created:

Resources tree of network profile in PHOTOMOD Explorer

Virtual folder Projects shows all projects existing in the profile. Projects are located in folders with a certain structure for project files storing configuration files, files of coordinate systems, camera data, projects processing results, etc. During loading images from files after project creation (see the chapter Adding images from files) to virtual folder Images the data is placed into storages automatically the system analyses disks with storages and places data according to free space on the disks. Storages have certain structure. At that, the Images folder in PHOTOMOD Explorer does not show a structure of storages, but only a content of the content folders of each storage, i.e. all-in-one. It is not recommended to edit virtual folder for storages group.

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3. Project creation

3.1 Project files placement in profile resources system During project creation there is a limitation on project files placement in profile resources system. You can place project files in folders of two upper levels the folders that have virtual names and their direct subfolders. Besides, folders containing images files are excluded. The system recognizes content of upper level folders and if there are images, they will be not offered for project files placement. You can place images files to project folder after the project creation, but only in separate subfolder (created using PHOTOMOD Explorer, for instance). However, it is not recommended to place folder with images to project folder, since it can lead to unwanted consequences, for example, at project removal all images will be removed too and recovery will be impossible. It is also inconvenient during project copying. So the system offers the following rule for resources structure in profile project folders should be on the top and should not contain images files. For example, in Windows file structure there is the Level 1 folder, containing folder Level 2 with subfolder Level 3, and Level 2 (images) folder with tif-files of images.

Create profile in Control Panel and specify virtual name Projects for Level 1, i.e. connect virtual folder:

Then the system suggests only two folders to place project files virtual folder Projects, corresponding to physical folder Level 1 and nested subfolder of next level Level 2:

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The rest choices are impossible Level 3 folder has 3rd nesting level, Level 2 (images) folder contains images files.

3.2 New project Prior to create a project, make sure that the necessary profile is active. If not, make it active (see the chapter Active profile creation or selecting), launch PHOTOMOD and open the window New project. You can open the window:

using the Create button in Project management window, that is opened by default at PHOTOMOD start or using menu command Project | Open/Manage). See the chapter Project management window;

using menu command Project | New.

New project window

Input new project name in the Name field. Use Description field for any information, for example, brief project description and its features.


PHOTOMOD 5.21

In Type section define project type depending on the survey type (survey equipment): Central projection for processing of aerial and space images acquired by photo camera; Satellite scanner imagery for processing of satellite scanner imagery; ADS 40 for processing data from the ADS 40 airborne digital scanner sensor; VisionMap A3 for processing of data acquired by camera VisionMap A3. See also the chapter Project types. Then specify coordinate system. In Coordinate system section push the button Select. In the list opened select coordinate system from the following sources:

From DB from the list of coordinate systems databases. PHOTOMOD offers several coordinate systems databases International, Polish, etc. See the chapter Selecting coordinate system. Use Coordinate systems builder to create a custom coordinate system.

From file from coordinate system files with x-ref-system extension, if such files were created outside the profile resources

From resource from active profile resources, for example x-ref-system-files of coordinate systems taken from another project of active profile.

Select coordinate system and push OK. After that fields in Coordinate system section will be filled in coordinate system and its features (axes orientation, etc.) are specified. You can change the coordinate system after project creation in Project properties window (see the chapter Project properties) or during block adjustment (see Block Adjustment User Guide). Select checkbox Relief elevation and specify approximate height step (min and max) of the terrain on your images, if this data is available. This parameter is necessary for correct block scheme creation and is used for interior orientation parameters import. That is why it is recommended to find out the data on min/max height of imaged terrain. You can enter this data later after project creation in Project properties window (see the chapter Project properties). In Placement section there is a list of folders in profile resources system, where you can place project files. The list is limited by folders of two upper levels of profile resources (i.e. virtual folder and its subfolders), which do not contain images files. See the chapter Project files placement in profile resources system. If you would like to select different destination

folder, open PHOTOMOD Explorer using the button and create folders of 2nd nesting level for project files. In case of local profile in PHOTOMOD Explorer window you can also connect new virtual folders (connecting of virtual folders to network profile is possible only using Control Panel). After that, you should refresh list of folders used for projects placement by pushing the button Refresh in the New project window. Note: PHOTOMOD Explorer window shows the whole system of active profile resources (all folders and files) and allows to edit the resources structure. See the chapter PHOTOMOD Explorer in General information User Guide. Select project destination folder, then project name and path will be shown in Full project path field. Click OK to finish project creation. After that in project folder specified all necessary configuration files and service folders are created.

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Service folders and files of the new project

You can view and make some editing of parameters of the project created in Project properties window (it could be opened using menu command Project | Properties). See also the chapter Project management. After project creation, you can pass to block forming stage images load and adjustment. See the chapter Block forming.

3.2.1 W/o project mode The PHOTOMOD system allows working without loading a project. To do this, press the W/o project button in the Project management window or execute the Project | Close command in case a project is already loaded. This mode allows viewing in 2D/3D windows and working with the processing data of any project in active profile (vector objects, TIN, DEM) - creation, editing tools, accuracy control, import/export tools are available as well. To change the coordinate system use the Service | Working coordinate system command. Specifying the working coordinate system is required to display in Yandex Maps and Google Maps (for this, there should exist conversion between the working coordinate system and WGS84). See also chapter Types of coordinate systems. Processing of georeferencied rasters as well as 3D-modelling in the 3D-Mod program are also possible into "W/o project" mode.

3.2.2 Project types PHOTOMOD system works with the following types of projects: Central projection (to process aerial or space images, obtained by photo camera, see the chapter Central projection) and Scanner survey (to process space images, obtained by scanner IKONOS, QuickBird, GeoEye, WorldView, SPOT, IRS, etc., see the chapter Space scanner survey). If the initial data is acquired by digital camera ADS 40, you should select the project type ADS 40 (see the chapter ADS 40 project type), also PHOTOMOD system supports VisionMap A3 project type (see the chapter VisionMap A3 project type).

3.2.2.1 Central projection

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When processing central projection images (obtained by photo camera) PHOTOMOD system works with images blocks. See the description of central projection images block forming in the chapter Block forming. For blocks of images you may perform total photogrammetric processing by using all system modules. In case of a single image or monoblock you can make its interior orientation, georeferencing by ground control points (direct georeferencing), and create orthophotoimage if external relief model is available (see also Aerial triangulation, Block adjustment and PHOTOMOD Mosaic User Guides).

3.2.2.2 Space scanner survey In the beginning of work with scanner image, select the project subtype Satellite scanner imagery. See the chapter New project. PHOTOMOD system allows creating monoblocks or stereoblocks of satellite images depending on survey type. If a set of images is not a stereo product, i.e. the images do not form a real stereopair, then the images block is called monoblock and it should be input as usual with dividing into separate strips. Single satellite image is also considered as a monoblock. If two adjacent images are combined into a stereopair and/or there are several such stereopairs, then each stereopair should be input as a separate strip. Images block formed by such stereopairs is called stereoblock. See the chapter Adding scanner image to a project. Three different ways are used in PHOTOMOD system for scanner data processing that are used depending on the type of remotely sensed data rigorous, generic and RPC-algorithm. Rigorous algorithm Rigorous algorithm is applied to remotely sensed data, which contain auxiliary files of metadata with interior and exterior orientation parameters. Rigorous algorithm of images processing provides the resulting accuracy within the image resolution (by RMS on GCP), that allow to input less GCP and obtain higher accuracy while calculating the exterior orientation parameters. Now this methodology is realized for the following types of scanner images: SPOT (preprocessing level 1A, A and DIMAP formats), ASTER (preprocessing level 1A, HDF format), EROS (RAW format), FORMOSAT-2, KOMPSAT2 and Resours-DK. Generic algorithm The second scanner data processing mode called Generic is more universal. It uses the DLT (Direct Linear Transformation) or Parallel-perspective algorithm and allows to input any scanner images (including IRS, LandSat, etc.) to PHOTOMOD system. You can process any scanner images using the generic mode however in this case you have to have a big enough number of control points as compared with rigorous mode (at least 10 per stereopair). RPC-algorithm RPC-algorithm is applied to remote sensing products containing RPC-files of images metadata (for example, for IKONOS images processing (GEO preprocessing level, TIFF/GeoTIFF format, containing RPC), QuickBird (Basic and Standard Ortho Ready preprocessing levels, containing RPC), OrbView-3). At that if RPC are available, that allows to reach precise results of images photogrammetric processing (IKONOS, QuickBird, OrbView, etc.) using less number of ground control points.

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See also the chapter Number of GCP necessary for space images processing in PHOTOMOD. For more details about processed imagery formats refer to the chapter Scanner imagery formats. Note. PHOTOMODs rigorous algorithm works with ASTER and SPOT images of 1A pre-processing level that includes just a radiometric correction; ASTER and SPOT images of 1B level could be processed by generic algorithm

Scanner survey systems supported by PHOTOMOD system

Survey system Processing algorithms Stereo processing

SPOT 1-5 Rigorous, generic Yes

IRS 1C, 1D Generic Yes

IRS P5 (CARTOSAT-1) RPC, generic Yes

IRS P6 (RESOURCESAT-1) Generic Yes

EROS A,B Rigorous, generic No

IKONOS RPC, generic Yes

QuickBird RPC, generic No

OrbView-3 RPC, generic No

ASTER Rigorous, generic Yes

FORMOSAT-2 Rigorous, generic N/A

WorldView - 1 RPC, generic No

Resours-DK Rigorous, generic N/A

KOMPSAT - 2 Rigorous, generic Yes

GeoEye 1 RPC, generic Yes

ALOS (PRISM) 1B1 RPC, generic Yes

Landsat 7/ETM+ Generic Yes

ALOS (AVNIR 2) Generic Yes

Other Generic Depends on system

Note. For scanner projects processing you should input only GCP with X, Y, Z coordinates

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3.2.2.2.1 Scanner images formats Note. While adding scanner image to the project, just select the path to the target folder with imagery and product metadata files obtained from the data supplier. PHOTOMOD system will recognize needed format and the image will be opened automatically

Sensor model Satellite Format

Rigorous sensor model

Resours-DK FORMOSAT-2 KOMPSAT-2 SPOT 1-5 TERRA/ASTER EROS A,B

TIFF DIMAP TIFF/GeoTIFF CEOS (SISA, CAP), DIMAP HDF RAW

Using RPC coefficients

GeoEye-1 IKONOS KOMPSAT 2 QuickBird OrbView-3 WorldView-1 Cartosat-1 (IRS P5) ALOS (PRISM), 1B1 level

TIFF/GeoTIFF(+RPC) TIFF/GeoTIFF(+RPC) TIFF/GeoTIFF(+RPC) TIFF/GeoTIFF(+RPC) TIFF/GeoTIFF(+RPC) TIFF/GeoTIFF(+RPC) Orthokit CEOS

Generic (DLT and its modifications)

Landsat 7/ETM+ IRS-1C, 1D/PAN IRS P6 (Resourcesat-1) ALOS (AVNIR 2)

TIFF/GeoTIFF, HDF Super Structured, HDF, Fast C Super Structured, HDF, Fast C CEOS

In addition, you can load any scanner images to PHOTOMOD system and process them using generic algorithm. See also the chapter Adding scanner image to a project.

3.2.2.2.2 Number of GCP recommended for space images processing in PHOTOMOD

Project type Algorithm

Monoblock Stereoblock (strips with stereopairs)

Number of GCP

Number of GCP's per image: Resours-DK 6 FORMOSAT-2 4-6 EROS A,B 4-6 KOMPSAT-2 4-6 SPOT 1-4 4-6 SPOT 5 4 TERRA/ASTER 4-6

Number of GCP's per stereopair: 4-5 GCP per image (their number could be less if tie points measured in triple or quadruple overlap are used)

Number of check points

3-5 1-2 (not less then 5 for block)

Rigorous

Number of tie 3-4 points in double overlap area, if there is triple or

3-4 in quadruple overlap

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points quadruple overlap measure some points there

Number of GCP

Number of GCP's per image: QuickBird - 1-4 OrbView-3 1-4 WorldView-1 1-4 GeoEye-1 1-4 IKONOS - 1-4 KOMPSAT-2 4-5 Cartosat-1 (IRS P5) 4-5 ALOS (PRISM) 1-4

Number of GCP's per stereopair: GeoEye-1 1-4 IKONOS - 1-4 KOMPSAT-2 4-5 Cartosat-1 (IRS P5) 4-5 ALOS (PRISM) 1-4 (points number could be less if tie points measured in quadruple overlap are used)


3-5 1-2 (not less then 5 for block)

RPC

Number of tie points

3-4 points in the images twofold overlapping area

3-4 in quadruple overlap

Number of GCP

Number of GCP's per image: Landsat 7/ETM+ IRS-1C, 1D/PAN IRS P6 (Resourcesat-1) ALOS (AVNIR 2) 7-10 - minimum with which you can start adjustment

Number of GCP's per stereopair: Landsat 7/ETM+ IRS-1C, 1D/PAN IRS P6 (Resourcesat-1) ALOS (AVNIR 2) 7-10 - minimum with which you can start adjustment


5-7 5-7

Generic

Number of tie points

Could be not measured Could be not measured

Note: The recommended number of GCP 's in the table is not absolute and in many cases may be determined by the requirements to a particular project from the customer. Nevertheless, we can say that the presence of check points necessary for an objective assessment of the accuracy of adjustment.

3.2.2.2.3 Accuracy of scanner blocks processing on adjustment stage

Survey system

Pixel (b-w/color,

m)

Scale of orthoimage

RMS Exy / Ez

with GCP (m)

RMS Exy,

without GCP (m)

Processing algorithms

Stereo (along tack,

across track)

SPOT 4 10 / 20 50000 10 / 15 100 Rigorous Yes (across track)

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SPOT 5 2.5 / 10 25000 (10000) 3 / 5 50 Rigorous Yes (across

track and along tack)

IRS 1C, 1D 6 / 20 100000 20 / 20 ? Generic Yes (across track) IRS P5

(CARTOSAT-1)

2.5 25000 (10000) 3 / 5 800 RPC Yes (along

tack)

IRS P6 (RESOURCESAT-1)

6 / 6 100000 20 / 20 ? Generic Yes (across track)

EROS A 2 25000 4 ? Rigorous Yes

EROS B 0.7 10000 ? ? Rigorous Yes

IKONOS 1 / 4 5000 1 / 3 10 RPC Yes (along tack)

QuickBird 0.6 / 2.4 5000 1 10 RPC Yes

OrbView-3 1 / 4 5000 1 ? RPC

ASTER 15 50000 15 / 25 200 Rigorous Yes (along tack) FORMOSA

T-2 2 / 8 25000

(10000) 3.5 ? Rigorous ?

Kompsat 2 1 / 4 10000 2 / 5 200 Rigorous, RPC Yes (across

track)

WorldView 0.5 5000 (2000) 0.5 15 RPC Yes

ALOS Prism 2.5 25000 3 / 5 10 RPC

Yes (along tack)

GeoEye 0.5 / 2 5000 (2000) 0.3 / 0.6 3 RPC Yes (along

tack) Resours-

DK 1 / 3 10000 3-5 / ? ? Rigorous ?

Other Generic Depends on system

3.2.2.3 ADS 40 project type The ADS 40 (Airborne Digital Sensor)* camera by Leica Geosystems (Switzerland) is a scanner imaging systems which is mounted on airplanes. The system allows simultaneous imaging in several spectral bands under different off-nadir angles. Preparation stages must be carried out for processing the ADS project type in the PHOTOMOD system:

1. Preprocessing of data obtained from onboard media, with specialized software supplied with the ADS camera. See chapter ADS data preprocessing.

2. Preparing of processed ADS data by PHOTOMOD means for loading into a project. Performing this stage is only recommended, provided the pre-processing of ADS data has been carried out on another workstation, and correction of absolute paths in ADS data files is necessary for creation of ADS project in PHOTOMOD. In case the pre-processing and project creation is performed on the same computer, such preparation is not required. See chapter ADS data preparation in PHOTOMOD system.

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3. Creating of ADS 40 project and loading ADS data into it. See chapters Creating ADS 40 project and Adding images into ADS 40 project.

For description of further actions, see chapter Processing of ADS 40 project in PHOTOMOD. * PHOTOMOD also supports ADS 80 data processing.

3.2.2.3.1 ADS data preprocessing The ADS data processing workflow in PHOTOMOD system involves using specialized software supplied with the ADS camera, e.g. XPro/GPro software by Leica Geosystems as well as ORIMA (developed by L. Hinsken). See the corresponding user manuals coming with this software. ADS data preprocessing as a rule is carried out in the following order:

primary processing after the flight is complete, images and trajectory data from the onboard medium are transferred to workstations, where Level 0 images are created;

postprocessing of trajectory data (GPS and IMU measurements) and creating of inflight exterior orientation data (files with .odf extension);

performing of geometric transformations projecting of Level 0 images onto some plane of constant elevation (rectification plane) in a so-called LSR (Local Space Rectangular) coordinate system using the exterior orientation data postprocessing, resulting in creation of Level 1 images;

automatic computation of tie points and adjustment of the block of Level1 images using ground control points or without them (in programs such as ORIMA).

All the necessary files for processing of ADS project in the PHOTOMOD system are obtained as a result of pre-processing, namely:

Level 1 transformed raster data image files (*.tif), each of which represents an image or an image tile (according to the image description file), i.e. during creation of Level 1 images, and image may be sliced in several tiles (.tif-files), which is governed by specifics of conversion in specialized software;

in-flight exterior orientation data (files *.odf); adjusted exterior orientation data (files *.odf.adj); image description files (files *.ads), which list raster files forming an image; interior orientation data (files *.cam), containing optical system focal length and

coordinates of detectors in focal plane metadata (*.sup) for Level 1 images contain LSR coordinate system parameters as

well as data for transformation of coordinates between rectification plane and Level 1 image.

Note: During the pre-processing, it is possible to set the size of Level 1 images, as well as the size of the fragments (TIFF files), from which these images consist. It is desirable that each Level1 image had a total size of not more than 4GB, and consisted of fragments no larger than 500MB, otherwise it may cause a substantial decrease in performance during the images adding to the project and further processing. In case the creation of ADS project in the PHOTOMOD system is to be performed on the same computer, on which ADS data pre-processing has been carried out, it is possible to go directly to the creation of project and adding the images (see chapter Creating ADS 40 project). Otherwise, it is recommended to perform the ADS data preparation - copying files, which are necessary and sufficient for creation the ADS project, to the separate folder, correction of absolute paths to the ADS files, as well as histogram normalization (if necessary). See chapter ADS data preparation in PHOTOMOD system.

PHOTOMOD 5.21

For extracting this necessary data from supplied data, automatic ADS data preparation operation is provided in PHOTOMOD system. See chapter ADS data preparation in PHOTOMOD system.

ADS data preprocessing workflow

3.2.2.3.2 ADS data preparation in PHOTOMOD system Provided that ADS data pre-processing in specialized programs and PHOTOMOD project creation will be carried out on the different workstations it is recommended to perform ADS data preparation. Preparation of ADS data for using in PHOTOMOD system consists in automatic extraction of the necessary files from results of the data preprocessing: copying them into the target folder with the necessary files structure and automatic correction of absolute paths to files according to their placement. In addition, during the preparatory stage there is an additional option of converting 16-bit images to 8-bit MS-TIFF format with the normalization of the histogram. To perform ADS data preparation, execute the Service | Prepare ADS data command. The corresponding window opens:

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In the Source data placement section, it is necessary to specify the ADS data folder with Level 1 images and accompanying data files (see chapter ADS data preprocessing). If the Including subfolders option is checked, all subfolders of the specified folder are search for data files as well. The Target folder field defines the output folder for processed files (no source files are modified during processing). In the Camera calibration data placement field, the exact folder (no subfolders are search in this case) containing interior orientation files files with .cam extension and the misalignment.dat file. The Processing section allows defining the following actions:

Copy found L1 data to subfolders in the target folder Fix absolute paths in .sup files (optional) write corrected absolute paths into sup-

file. Paths to the following files are corrected: *.ads (image properties), *.odf (inflight exterior orientation data), *.odf.adj (adjusted exterior orientation data), *.cam (interior orientation data). It is recommended to enable this option (or the paths would need to be corrected manually).

Convert 16 bps images to 8 bps MS-TIFF with histogram normalization (optional) enhance processing speed at the cost of some (usually negligible) loss of quality. This conversion may be also done later at the stage of adding image to project (see chapter Adding images into ADS 40 project).

Press OK to start searching for and copying necessary data. The distributed processing mode may be used for preparing large amounts of data. Basics of using distributed processing are given in the General information User manual. After the process is complete, the target folder contains subfolders, names of which correspond to images names. Each subfolder contains the *.sup, *.odf, *.odf.adj, *.ads files, as well as one or more raster files (*.tif) which represent either the whole image or the set of fragments comprising it (according to the ads-file of the images).

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After the procedure is complete, the images are ready to be added to a project (see chapters Creating ADS 40 project and Adding images into ADS 40 project).

3.2.2.3.3 Creating ADS 40 project In the New project window (see detailed description in chapter New project) it is necessary to choose project type ADS 40. Enter the project name and select its placement in the profile resources.

Use of local (Cartesian) coordinate systems (left or right) is possible, if there are at least three GCPs available to be measured on stereopairs. Otherwise a georeferenced coordinate system (e.g. UTM) must be used (see chapter Selecting coordinate system). Such restrictions result from the fact that the ADS exterior orientation data is referenced to LSR coordinate system. Measuring GCPs allow establishing connection between LST and local coordinate system if the latter is used.

3.2.2.3.4 Adding images into ADS 40 project There are no limitations on the number of images in the ADS project. As the peculiarity of the ADS sensor consists in imaging in several spectral bands (panchromatic or multi-spectral images) at different off-nadir angles (e.g. +28, 0, -14), it is necessary to determine which of these images are optimal to be used for given tasks. Depending on the tasks, the following options are possible for block forming:

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adding images into each strip so that stereopairs are formed from nadir and one of the oblique images (preferably one with higher off-nadir angle (e.g. +28), as this provides higher survey basis to height ratio, which enhances DTM calculation precision;

creating block from nadir images only, if the task consists in creating ortho-mosaic (especially when panchromatic orthophoto is needed);

creating stereopairs from two oblique images (-14 and +28), which produces the highest survey basis to height ratio and provides for the maximum precision of DTM, but may lower the stability of automatic points matching (if required);

creating "universal" project adding each pair of oblique images (-14 and +28) into one strip, nadir image into another. Strips with oblique images then may be used for DTM creation, and nadir images for orthophoto creation based on DTM built from oblique images.

Operators' opinion on comfort of working in stereo mode should also be taken into consideration.

In order to add ADS images to the project, create a strip and execute the command Add images from files with buttons of the Block editor window or the Block menu (see also chapters Adding strips and Block editing). The Add pushbroom images window opens. The procedure for adding ADS images is completely similar to adding satellite images (see corresponding description in Adding scanner images to a project chapter). The difference is that only ADS images are detected in this window in ADS project, and only satellite images are detected in a satellite scanner project. The visible difference consists in presence of the ADS data preparation button in the window for ADS project, duplicating the Service | Prepare ADS data command (see chapter ADS data preparation in PHOTOMOD system).

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Detection of ADS images and metadata

In order to search for ADS images, choose the folder with prepared ADS data. In the list of detected images, select images to be added to a strip according to the strategy picked beforehand. If necessary, perform radiometric correction. Add selected images by pressing corresponding buttons.

Note: All images may be loaded to one strip at once and then split into strips with Block editing tools (e.g., Automatic composing images into strips may be applied). The Parameters window, similar to the one used in loading of satellite images (see chapter Adding scanner images to a project), is shown.



Image transformation parameters

Define the parameters for radiometric correction and color depth, if not dealt with at the data preparation stage. Apply compression if necessary. As ADS images are usually large, it is recommended to select the Auto option in Format group (default value). Specify output folder in profile resources to place the converted images in. If MegaTIFF files are created, they get the .prf extension (It is required for Level 1 images larger than 4GB, and / or if the size of the fragments compositing the image is more than 500MB).

Press OK. The images conversion procedure is started. It can take rather long time due to large size of ADS images.

After the conversion is complete, it is possible to tune images in ImageWizard or edit the block (see chapter Block editing).

3.2.2.3.5 Processing of ADS 40 project in PHOTOMOD After the block forming for the ADS 40 project is complete, ground control and check points may be measured to control adjustment results and correctness of their loading into the PHOTOMOD system (see Aerial triangulation User manual). Apart from that, at least three ground control points must be measured in block stereopairs, if the project is processed in local (Cartesian) coordinate system. Next, for passing to project processing it is necessary to calculate mathematical models for the images based on project data. In order to do this, execute the Adjustment | Block adjustment command. Open the Parameters window and on the Images tab set the adjustment parameters:

In the Method section select Import adjustment; In the Stereo processing section select Create stereopairs and Use adjustment

results to create epipolar images. Press the Apply to all button, then OK.

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Processing of ADS 40 project (stereovectorization, creation of DTM and orthomosaic) is carried out the same way as for projects of other types. See Project processing and Orthomosaic building User manuals.

3.2.2.4 VisionMap A3 project type Aerial photogrammetric system VisionMap A3 includes digital metric aerial camera and automatic ground processing system. The camera has very wide swath and high spatial resolution. Ground system allows automatic processing photogrammetric blocks containing hundreds thousands images and millions tie points. Ground processing system provides full production cycle from digital images to photogrammetric products:

copying images and metadata into ground system; preliminary processing and check of the flight data; phototriangulation (without ground control points); phototriangulation results check and optional network external orientation using

ground control points (includind additional adjustment); DEM calculation (optionally); orthoimagery creation and quality assessment..

Besides, the ground system supports the export of large format images (LFI) which are suitable for stereovectorization using PHOTOMOD system. To perform stereoprocessing of the LFI in PHOTOMOD do following:

1. Copy the dll file set for metadata reading into folder C:\Program Files\PHOTOMOD50\VisionMap. Contact Racurs support team to obtain the dll-files.

2. Specify VisionMap A3 data folder. To perform the processing in PHOTOMOD you need the pairs of the same-named files with extensions tif (raster) and dat (metadata). The metadata file contains interior and exterior orientation data for the image.

3. Create a project of type VisionMap A3. Select the project type VisionMap A3 in the window New Project (see detailed description of the window in the chapter New


project) Specify the project name, its location in the resources of the profile, reference system. It is necessary to specify the heights range. Set the flag Relief elevation and input the minimum and maximum height in meters.

4. Load the images. See chapter Adding images from files. 5. Perform the menu command Project | Synchronize. 6. Create block scheme using adjustment results. In the Block Scheme window set

only the flag Adjustment results and push Apply button. See Aerial triangulation User Manual.

7. Quality assessment is available in the AT module (the module Block Adjusment is not accessible). See Aerial triangulation User Manual.

8. Create vector layer for images stereovectorization. See Project Processing User Manual.

3.2.3 Selecting coordinate system Coordinate systems databases are installed during PHOTOMOD system installation. In fact selected coordinates system on the step of project creation is not final, it can be changed later, for instance, during block adjustment step. You can also change the coordinate system of existing project in Project properties window, opened using menu command Project | Properties. See the chapter Project properties. Select the coordinate system for your project using the Select button in Coordinates system panel of the New project window (see the chapter New project). In the list opened select coordinate system from the following sources:

From DB from the list of coordinate systems database. See the chapter Coordinate systems database

From file from coordinate system files with x-ref-system extension, if such files were created outside the profile resources

From resource from active profile resources, for example x-ref-system-files of coordinate systems from another project of active profile.

After selecting coordinate systems database, the window with coordinates systems list included to the selected database appears. For the quick search of needed system you can input coordinate system name or key word into Search field. You will get selection according to your search key.

Window for coordinate system database selection

Besides, PHOTOMOD system provides all necessary tools for editing coordinate system parameters. You can use Coordinate systems builder, that allows to edit coordinate systems databases, create new ones, import and export of coordinate systems from/to external files.


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3.2.3.1 Coordinate systems database

3.2.3.1.1 International coordinate systems database International coordinate systems database includes a list of coordinate systems supported by GeoTIFF format used to store georeferenced raster images (standard of EPSG European Petroleum Survey Group). In addition to EPSG database the list contains Cartesian (on the plane) and Local (the Earth is approximated by sphere) coordinate systems. The Cartesian coordinate system is used for relatively small blocks of large scale aerial images.

International coordinate system database

To select coordinate system select it in the list and click OK. See also the chapter Coordinate system editing.

3.2.3.2 Types of coordinate systems PHOTOMOD system contains the following coordinate system types: Geocentric coordinate system with the origin in the mass center of the Earth. At that Z

axis is oriented to the North pole, X axis to the intersection point of Greenwich meridian and equator, and Y axis to the East

Latitude / longitude geographic (latitude / longitude / height) coordinate system Local Cartesian coordinate system on the plane Local curved coordinate system on the sphere Projected coordinate system defined by the map projection Topocentric horizontal coordinate system with the origin in the selected space point.

At that X axis lies in the plain of origin meridian, Z axis lies on ellipsoid surface normal in origin, and Y axis is oriented in the following way: in left coordinate system it is Eastward, and in right northward.

Note. PHOTOMOD system does not work with Geodetic coordinate systems. Ground control points coordinates specified by latitude / longitude should be converted to Projected coordinate system, using Geodetic calculator included to the PHOTOMOD installation kit (see the chapter GeoCalculator in General information User Guide)

3.2.3.3 Coordinate systems builder

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In very most cases you need just pre-defined coordinate systems included to the database. Nevertheless, PHOTOMOD system provides all necessary tools for editing coordinate system parameters. For editing coordinate systems databases you can use Coordinate systems builder. Start it by menu command Service | Coordinate systems builder. After that, the window for selecting coordinate systems database is open:

Selecting coordinate systems database for editing

Select the database and click OK. The window containing coordinate systems of selected database will open.

Coordinate systems window

The window contains the search field for coordinate system search using its name or key word. Use arrows to choose search direction in the list. The window contains the list of coordinate systems with brief description of their features. Under the list there are the following tools: Details allows to view selected coordinate system features in additional window;

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New allows to create new coordinate system in selected database (see the chapter Coordinate system creating); Edit allows to edit selected coordinate system parameters (see the chapter Coordinate system editing); Remove allows to remove selected coordinate system from the database; Export allows to save selected coordinate system in XML format, in file with x-ref-system extension, in any folder of the file system; Import allows to add coordinate system to database from x-ref-system-file; Close closes the database window.

3.2.3.3.1 Coordinate system editing Parameters of coordinate systems database included to delivery are correct and sufficient. Please be careful during editing of coordinate systems parameters, since changes recovery is impossible. To illustrate coordinate system creation lets use the following example. Suppose you need to change the ellipsoid in UTM coordinate system from NAD 83 to WGS 84. To edit coordinate system parameters do the following: select menu command Service | Coordinate systems builder select International coordinate system database select coordinate system in the list (for instance, WGS 72 / UTM zone 8N) push the Edit button The Edit projected reference system window is opened:

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Window for coordinate system editing

- select Ellipsoid option and push the button to the left - select WGS-84 ellipsoid in the list appeared - push OK In the same way you can change all other coordinate system parameters such as datum, map projection, ellipsoid parameters and so on (see also the chapter Coordinate system creating).

3.2.3.3.2 Coordinate system creating To illustrate coordinate system creation lets use the following example. Suppose you need to create a coordinate system in Transverse Mercator map projection for the area of 8th zone (origin meridian 136 degrees) of the north hemisphere on the ellipsoid WGS-84. Then you should: - open a window of coordinate system database selection (Service | Coordinate systems

builder) - select coordinate system database - push the New button in appeared window, which contains the list of available coordinate

systems - select reference system type as Projected (in the Select reference system type

window). See also the chapter Types of coordinate systems.

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Coordinate system type selection

- push OK - fill out the following fields of Edit projected reference system window:

Name arbitrary name (for example UTM, 8N zone) Abbreviation arbitrary short name Description arbitrary description Datum select datum World Geodetic System 1984, (WGS 84 ellipsoid is displayed

in Ellipsoid field automatically) Prime meridian select Greenwich from the list Linear units select Meters from the list Axis names set names for axis as E, N, H

New coordinate system parameters

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- Push the button in Map projection field and select UTM zone 8N in Select map projection window. See also the chapter Coordinate system editing;

Map projection selection

- Push OK. When you process scanner project, which contains RPC data (with heights above ellipsoid) and does not contain ground control point coordinates, you need to recalculate height system to obtain correct results. PHOTOMOD system includes parameters of predefined geoid for such recalculation EGM-96 (Earth Gravity Model-1996). Mark this option in the Height system panel to use this geoid to set heights in coordinate system. There is also an opportunity to set up heights using user-defined geoid, see the chapter Geoid selection and editing. You can also input map projection parameters manually in the window opened by pushing the New button in the Select map projection window. Select following parameters in the Edit map projection window:

- Push the button in Projection type field and select UTM (6 degree zones) in the list appeared

- Click the hemisphere field and select N (Northern) in drop-down list - Click the zone field and select 8 in drop-down list

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Creating map projection

Another way for map projection selection is using Transverse Mercator projection with full list of parameters. In this case, you should set the following values in the Edit map projection window:

Creating map projection

- projection type Transverse Mercator - central meridian longitude -135.0 - latitude of origin 0.0 - central meridian scale factor 0.9996

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- false easting at origin 500000.0 - false northing at origin 0.0 In case of selecting Projection type as UTM (6 degree zones) these parameters are set up automatically so this sample just shows the system flexibility.

3.2.3.3.3 Geoid selection and editing When creating or editing coordinate system in PHOTOMOD project you can setup height system in two ways. In most cases project uses heights above ellipsoid and you should mark the option Heights above ellipsoid in Heights system panel in the window of coordinate system parameters editing, see the chapter Coordinate system creating. In some cases (if for instance the initial project data contain RPC coefficients and does not contain ground control points coordinates), you may need to consider heights above geoid in created coordinate system. To use the parameters of predefined geoid EGM-96 (Earth Gravity Model-1996) check the appropriate option in the Height system panel. There is also an opportunity to set up heights using user-defined geoid, by the following way. In the same Edit coordinate system window check the option User-defined geoid and

push the button . After that the window for heights system editing window is opened.

Height system editing

The following example shows how to edit heights system. Input the name of user-defined height system into the Name field (NAVD 88). If you use file with table of elevations of the geoid above ellipsoid, check the option Vertical data file in Data source panel and indicate the path to the file in the File name field. After

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that coordinates of geoid part extents appear in the Data grid panel. And in Cell size panel cell size of this data grid are shown. If you need to recalculate elevations table into another reference system, use the Calculator. You can view the results of elevations recalculation in the window opened by pushing the View button in Data source panel. When the editing of height system is completed, push the Save button to save the results or the Close button to exit from the window without results saving.

Viewing of height system data

You can create customized geoid elevations table or set vertical shift (constant height difference between geoid and ellipsoid) by checking the appropriate option in the Create data panel.

4. Block forming On Block forming stage in PHOTOMOD Core you can load project strips and images. This step is used to add block strips and load source images. You can process the images using radiometric correction, rotate or move them inside the strip if necessary. Thus, block forming stage implies performing the following tasks:

Adding strips; Adding images to project; Block editing.

In order to realize the tasks PHOTOMOD Core provides the following main opportunities:

Block editor main window displaying the list of created strips and images loaded to a project and containing all necessary tools for images loading and images block editing.

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Block menu that contains commands used for images block forming. All images loaded to strips are shown in Block scheme window (2D window). The work with the list in Block editor window and with images in Block scheme window is synchronized (simultaneous adding, moving, removing, selecting of images and strips are available). Besides for your convenient work on block forming stage you can use the following toolbars (opened using menu command Window | Toolbars):

Tools for group selection of images in Block scheme window (see description in the chapter Block scheme window (2D window);

Block forming auxiliary toolbar that is duplicating partly commands of Block menu item.

See also the chapter Block editing. After block forming stage you can pass to Aerial triangulation stage that includes interior and exterior orientation operations. See Aerial triangulation User Guide.

4.1 Block editor Block editor window opens after selecting menu command Window | Block editor

(duplicated by the button of the main toolbar of PHOTOMOD Core). Tools of the Block editor window are duplicated partly in the Block forming toolbar (Window | Toolbars), and by commands of Block menu item.

Block editor

The window contains the following: toolbar for forming and editing images block; list of strips created and images loaded; status bar showing strip and image selected, image name and font size in the list. Block editor and Block scheme window (2D window) windows are synchronized. Block editor window contains a list of strips and images names and Block scheme window shows block of images, loaded to a project. Images adding, removing and selecting go simultaneously in these two windows. You can select the images by the mouse. Hold the Shift or Ctrl key to select several images in the list of Block editor window or use Tools toolbar for group images selection in Block scheme window. First two tools in panel are used for the Block editor window management and allow the following:

resize the window of Block editor according to the number of strips and images of the current project

collapse Block editor window for convenient work. At that the toolbar remains visible, list and status bar hide.


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Next tools are used for images search and allow the following:

search for the image using its name. Opens the Search window, where you can type image name or its part and specify search direction in the list.

select the images containing marker position in Block scheme window. Group of tools for strips management allows:

view the properties of the strip selected (its name and type usual or irregular). Using irregular strips allows to create block scheme without binding to regular grid.

set images in a strip in reverse order add new strip. The system opens window to input a strip name and to specify

the strip type (usual or irregular). Using irregular strips allows to create block scheme without binding to regular grid.

delete selected strips. You can select several strips holding Shift or Ctrl key. move selected strips up. You can select several strips holding Shift or Ctrl key.

See also menu command Block | Selected strips to block start in the chapter Block menu.

move selected strips down. You can select several strips holding Shift or Ctrl key. See also menu command Block | Selected strips to block start in the chapter Block menu.

Note. All adjacent images of a strip must have an overlapping area. A strip with a gap must be entered as two separate strips, one of which must be irregular. Group of tools for work with images allows the following:

view and edit image properties. Opens the Image properties window where you can edit image name in the list (at that the name of a image file does not change), view the image code and input ground sample distance (m). Image code is a unique ID, which does not change when you change image name or replace image file, corresponding to this name (see replace operations in ImageWizard). Input or edit if needed ground sample distance. This parameter is optional. It is used, for instance, for accuracy control in triplets. To perform such a control specify the Triplet residuals threshold in meters in the Relative orientation report settings window. You can set or calculate ground sample distance for selected images group or for all images at once in the Set ground sample distance window. In this case calculated values are shown in appropriate field of the Image properties window.

add to selected images from files, located out of active profile resources system. If the images are loaded from external files, they are saved in selected profile folder and become resources. See the chapter Adding images from files. As a result of images adding their names appear in the Block editor window in appropriate strip, and the images themselves appear in Block scheme window.

add to selected images from active profile resources, if virtual folder with project images was connected during profile structure creation. See the chapter Adding images from resources. As a result of images adding their names appear in the Block editor window in appropriate strip, and the images themselves appear in Block scheme window.

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delete selected images. You can select several images holding Shift or Ctrl key. Allows to exclude images from a project. At that raster files are not removed physically. To remove raster files from profile resources you should use PHOTOMOD Explorer.

perform radiometric correction of selected image. See the chapter Radiometric correction.

move selected images to the left. You can select several images holding Shift or Ctrl key.

move selected images to the right. You can select several images holding Shift or Ctrl key.

move selected images up. You can select several images holding Shift or Ctrl key.

move selected images down. You can select several images holding Shift or Ctrl key.

allows to rotate selected images at any angle regarding to their initial or current position. See also menu command Block | Rotate images by block layout in the chapter Block menu.

The last group of instruments includes the following buttons:

to open Block layout window, used for block layout creation block scheme building using various data (overlap size, QuickTies, ground control and tie points, etc.). See Aerial triangulation User Guide.

to open ImageWizard window used for images adjustment. displays rasters in 2D window if the constraints on the raster display was set

(menu Service | Settings). For example, in is convenient to turn off the rasters display in a large project.

4.2 Block menu PHOTOMOD Core provides the Block menu item used for work with images block. Most of its commands are duplicated by upper panel buttons of the Block editor window (see their description in the chapter Block editor), as well as by the Block forming toolbar. Block menu contains the following commands:

Add strip (duplicated by the button ); Delete strip (duplicated by the button ); Strip properties (duplicated by the button ); Invert image order in strip (duplicated by the button ); Selected strips to block start moves selected images to the beginning of the list; Selected strips to block end moves selected images to the end of the list; Move selected strips up (duplicated by the button ) Move selected strips down (duplicated by the button ) Add images from file (duplicated by the button ); Add images from resources (duplicated by the button );

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Delete images (duplicated by the button ); Image properties (duplicated by the button ); Move images opens drop-down menu:

Invert image order in strip (duplicated by the button )

Move selected images left (duplicated by the button )

Move selected images right (duplicated by the button )

Move selected images up (duplicated by the button )

Move selected images down (duplicated by the button )

Image radiometric correction (duplicated by the button ); Show images shows images in 2D window if there is a limitation on images

visualization (using Service | Parameters menu). E.g., you can turn off images in a big project for more convenient work.

Mark all images as checked excludes a stage of project images validation for their existence and compliance to raster files during opening of the project in the next PHOTOMOD session.

Automatic block splitting allows to compose strips from images using images names or exterior orientation results (see the chapter Automatic composing images into strips).

Rotate selected images (duplicated by the button ) Rotate images by block layout allows to rotate all or selected images according to

block layout data. See also Aerial triangulation User Guide.

Set GSD (duplicated by the button in Block forming toolbar) allows to calculate ground sample distance. Opens the Calculator window used to calculate GSD in meters. Select images, input pixel size of the image in microns (or take it from the project) and specify a survey scale. The GSD parameter is used for accuracy control in triplets, i.e. you can specify the Triplet residuals threshold in meters in Relative orientation report settings window. Resulting values appear in the appropriate field of the Image properties window.

Export block layout to KML allows to export block layout into KML format. See also description of images selection tools in the chapter Block scheme window (2D window).

4.3 Adding strips

Prior to images loading you should create a strip using the button in Block editor window (duplicated by menu command Block | Add strip), specify a name and define a type of strip (usual or irregular). At that there are two ways:

1. Create one strip, load all images to it and then apply automatic composing images into strips by images names using pre-defined template or compose strips using exterior orientation parameters (if any). See the chapter Automatic composing images into strips.

2. Preliminary define strips number, names and content (images) and form a block by adding strips in series and loading images there.

See also the chapter Operations with strips.

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4.4 Adding images to project When creating a new project you should add images for processing. Open the Block editor window (using menu command Window | Block editor) and use the following two toolbar buttons to add images:

Add images from files (duplicated by menu command Block | Add images from files). Use it if the images are initially not located in the profile resources, but are in any folders of local or network disks (or on other media), that are not connected to the profile as a virtual folders. In this case, all selected images during adding to the project are saved in resources in the folder specified, i.e. you create resources-images on stage of images loading into the project. See the chapter Adding images from files.

Add images from resources (duplicated by menu command Block | Add images from resources). Use it if the images are located in the profile resources, i.e. connected to resources via virtual folder. See the chapter Adding images from resources. See also the chapter Creating resources system in General information User Guide. Note. It is highly recommended to use internal raster format PHOTOMOD MS-TIFF that is TIFF format with pyramid (a set of thinned out image copies) for fast images refreshing on screen during work with images in PHOTOMOD system. Nevertheless, you can also work with different raster formats directly (without conversion). On the one hand, this allows to save disk space, but on the other hand it may somehow slow down the work with images. That is why the best solution is to use images in MS-TIFF format. Initial images suitable for conversion into MS-TIFF or "direct" load to PHOTOMOD system may have one of the following raster formats: Tag Image File Format (TIFF) TIFF and GeoTiff format, including 12-bit JPEG-

compressed images (with or without overview pyramid), which are recognized by the PHOTOMOD system as hystogram-stretched to 16-bit, so that no radiometric correction is necessary.

Windows Bitmap File (BMP) 4-bit palette images input is also supported VectOr Raster Maps (RSW) raster formats of PHOTOMOD VectOr module ERDAS IMAGINE (IMG) ERDAS system raster format NITF (NITF) JPEG (JPEG) GIF (GIF) PNG (PNG) PCIDSK (PIX) raster format with georeference in the heading developed by PCI

Geomatics company JPEG2000 (JP2). There are several scenarios of connecting images to a project: 1. Preliminary preparation images for work in PHOTOMOD system using PHOTOMOD Raster Converter utility. You can prepare all initial images for processing in PHOTOMOD prior to a project creation stage using PHOTOMOD Raster Converter. This utility allows converting images of different formats to MS-TIFF, performing radiometric correction and applying image compression. Preliminary images preparing is highly recommended if you plan to work with big number of images located on different media and occupy big disk space in initial state. See the chapter Preparing images for processing in PHOTOMOD system in General information User Guide.

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Convert images to MS-TIFF, save them to the same destination folder (or folders), connect this folder to resources via virtual folder during profile creation. Create the project in the

profile and then select images from profile resources one by one using the button (Add images from resources) for each strip to load images to the project. 2. Files of initial images profile resources You may not convert initial images (of acceptable initial raster formats) to MS-TIFF, but

connect them to profile resources via virtual folder. In this case, use the button (Adding images from resources) to add images to the project. Select images from resources. The system may offer to build a pyramid and apply radiometric correction (for example, if there are 16-bit images). During images adding the initial files are not converted to internal MS-TIFF format (at that pyramids are build in separate files in Pyramid folder). This allows to save disk space, but at the same time it may slow down the work in PHOTOMOD system, so this scenario is not recommended. 3. Files of initial images out of profile resources system

You may not connect initial images to profile resources. In this case, use the button (Adding images from files) to add images, located on any local or network disks (or other media). The opened window is used for images processing and conversion to internal MS-TIFF format and has the same features as PHOTOMOD Raster Converter. Select images, perform radiometric correction and compression if necessary, and specify target folder-resource (existing or new) to save converted images. All selected images will be loaded to the project and become profile resources. See also the chapter Creating resources system in General information User Guide.

4.4.1 Adding images from files You can add images located out of profile resources system using the Add images window. The window is opened for a strip selected in Block editor window after pushing the button

(Add images from files) or after selecting menu command Block | Add images from files.



Adding images located out of profile resources

It is recommended to connect images to a project this way (located on any disks or other media), if there are not too many images. Otherwise, you should use the program for batch images conversion PHOTOMOD Raster Converter, which provides more features and allows to convert all images to one or several target folders right away, and then connect them to profile resources. See the chapter Preparing images for processing in PHOTOMOD system in General information User Guide. Add images window allows to perform conversion of initial images and load them to specified strip of the project. At that all files added to the project become profile resources (and are saved to specified folder-resource). In Add images window you can perform the following: convert initial images (of acceptable initial formats, and also 8-16-bit images) to internal

PHOTOMOD MS-TIFF format, and big size images (more than 4 GB) to files of internal format MegaTIFF (it is used for satellite scanner images processing see the chapter Space scanner survey);

perform JPEG compression of different levels, and LZW compression without quality loss (for 16-bit images);

perform radiometric correction to enhance images visual quality.

Initial images selection and view Initial images formats suitable for conversion into MS-TIFF files are described in the chapter Adding images to project. In Folders and Files sections of the Add images window you can select images to add

them into specified strip. Use the button to add images to files List for conversion and loading, this way you can compose set of files located on different local or network folders and media, and convert this list to selected target folder-resource of the active profile. For images displaying (their fast refreshing on a screen) you should build temporal pyramid in preview window in View section or in Radiometric correction window (see the chapter Radiometric correction). Temporal pyramid is built automatically when you select a file

without pyramid and the button of all images preview is pushed. At that in a folder with

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initial file, the Pyramid folder containing files-pyramids is created. Temporal pyramid can be

also created automatically after pushing the button to open an image in Radiometric correction window. The Files section provides the following tools for initial files selection:

- select all images in specified folder;

- unselect all images in the list;

- invert selection.

The Refresh button allows to refresh lists of folders and files if there are changes in file structure during opening of the Add images window. Toolbar of the List section contains the following buttons:

select all images in the list;

unselect all images in the list;

invert selection;

filter by extension used to show only files of accepted raster formats (turned on by default);

add file to list;

remove file from list;

clear list remove all files from list;

preview only images with overview pyramid allows to preview only images with pyramid (the button is pushed by default);

preview for all images (if image file without pyramid is selected a temporal pyramid is automatically build, and after that the image is displayed in preview window);

preview images with radiometric correction parameters applied (the button is pushed by default);

open the Radiometric correction window (see also the chapter Radiometric correction);

load correction parameters for selected images (applying of correction parameters saved in rmc-file to selected images);

save correction parameters for selected image (save parameters in rmc-file). The View panel contains image view window and a toolbar with the following buttons:

image zoom in;

image zoom out;

fit image to window;

shows image with 1:1 zoom, when image cell corresponds to screen pixel;

shows full screen image;

opens a window used for image print. See the chapter Image printing in the User Guide General information. It is possible to show / hide the scrollbars in the preview window using the Ctrl + F8 shortcut.



Images radiometric correction

by parameters of surveying device. See the appropriate hapter Radiometric correction

If you need to enhance visual features of image, you can perform radiometric correction. Radiometric correction is applied on image preparation stage and implies correction of radiometric distortions, caused c .

Output parameters and target folder selection

ection, if you are going to convert images of size more than 4 GB (default setting is Auto).

t that in PHOTOMOD system the file is shown with specified

transformations are applied directly to image, i.e. the image is saved with changes.

16 bit. If input image has 8 or less bit, Auto = 8, in all ther cases the output file is 16-bit.

ut allows to save disk space. You can perform compression only for S-TIFF output format.

ntains all necessary auxiliary files for displaying

ff is created only if input image size is more than 2 GB,

s that images more than 4 GB of ize will be not displayed correctly in PHOTOMOD system.

rted images. You should also specify what to do, if there is

The Output format section used to setup the following output parameters. In File format section the internal format MS-TIFF is selected. You can specify, if you would like to apply radiometric correction parameters to image directly or to save them in rmc-file (default setting). Select color depth of output image 8 or 16-bit (default setting is Auto). If necessary apply file compression JPEG with preset quality or LZW without quality loss. Turn on the appropriate option in the MegaTiff sa In the Correction parameters section there are the following options:

Save separately to save radiometric correction parameters in separate file with rmc extension, and only geometric transformations will be applied to the image (rotations-reflections). Acorrection parameters.

Apply to image all Depending on the initial image and your purpose, select the option in the Color depth section: Auto (default setting), 8 bit or o In the Compression section you can select image compression type (default setting No without compression). You can perform image compression using LZW (image compressing without quality loss) and JPEG algorithms. When using JPEG algorithm you can setup compression quality in the appropriate field. Compression quality by default is 80%, that allows to make initial images 57 times less. In most cases this does not result in accuracy loss during adjustment, bM If you are going to convert big size images you should use MegaTiff format. File of MegaTiff format has prf extension. Besides, during MegaTiff-file creation the folder with image file name is created in input folder. The folder coof big-size images in PHOTOMOD system. You can select the following options in MegaTiff section: Auto (default setting) MegaTiotherwise MS-TIFF is created. Always on MegaTiff-file is created in any case for any image. Always off MS-TIFF file is created in any case, that means In the Output files placement section you should specify target folder in active profile resources for placement of convean output file in the target folder. To select the folder in resources click the button . The opened window Select folder shows all resources of the active profile. Select existing folder or create a new one. See also

e chapter PHOTOMOD resources system in General information User Guide. th

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Specify the rules of saving output files if in target folder the files with the same names are ns:

Skip skip or not overwrite the image (i.e. leave the old version);

dow there is the Cache files smaller than option, allowing to save ster cache (reduced copies of images), if the cache file exceeds size specified in

appropriate field

already exist. Select one of the following actio

Overwrite replace the existing file. At the bottom of the winra

in MB.

4.4.2 Adding images from resources To add images located in profile resources, select a strip in Block editor window and push

the button (Add images from resources) or select menu command Block | Add ages from resources. The Open window appeared shows all resources of the active

profile and allows to select images for loading to the project.

im

from profile resources

initial raster formats acceptable for loading to HOTOMOD system see in the chapter Adding images to project

Adding images You can load the following initial images: images of MS-TIFF-format (that are highly recommended to use in profile resources) images of other formats. The list of P . Images of listed formats

Pyramid folder). This llows to save disk space, but in some cases it may slow down the work with images PHOTOMOD system. So this way is not recommended to use.

are loaded as is, i.e. without conversion. During images loading, the initial images are not converted into internal MS-TIFF format, (pyramids at that are created in separate files located in ain

Loading MS-TIFF format images from profile resources

In the Open window select MS-TIFF-files for loading to project and push the button Open. The images are added to the strip selected in the Block scheme window and are displayed

PHOTOMOD system. If you are loading 16-bit images without radiometric correction, you will get the following question: in



Click Yes to perform radiometric correction in the ImageWizard window, see the chapter ImageWizard. You can click No and perform radiometric correction after image loading to the

project. In this case select the image in the Block editor window and push the button (Open selected image in radiometric correction window), see the chapter Radiometric correction.

Loading initial images of accepted formats (except MS-TIFF format) from profile resources

k Open. You will get the following request for

h pyramid is aved in the Pyramid folder. In some cases you can get the following message:

To load raster images with formats different from MS-TIFF directly to the project, in the Open window select the option All resources in the drop-down list to show files of all formats. (Default setting is TIFF images that allows to show MS-TIFF images and usual TIFF-files). Select files for loading and clicbuilding overview pyramids for new images. Click Yes to build a pyramid for speed up image refresh on a screen. The file wits

Perform the correction immediately using Image Wizard (see the chapter ImageWizard)

later after image loading to the project from Block scheme

or

window using the button on window).

ifferent from MS-TIFF) may result in lowing down the work in PHOTOMOD system.

4.4.3 ImageWizard

erforming different operations with initial images prior to put them to PHOTOMOD system.

instance, ou may need to turn off images when prepare the project for mailing/passing, etc.

incorrect use of the ImageWizard functionality could lead to the roject processing failure.

(Open selected image in radiometric correcti Attention! Loading images of other formats (ds

ImageWizard utility is intended for pin Normally all the necessary operations with images are performed automatically during the project creation and processing. Nevertheless, manual adjustment of images is required in some cases. For example, if a project has been restored from a backup copy, which had no initial images, and you have initial images kept as separate files, then during project restoring you can connect images from the files to the project using ImageWizard. Or fory You should remember thatp

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Even though the project operational state could be restored quite easily in that case, it is highly recommended to avoid any operation with project images if you are uncertain about

e result. In case of some hesitation, please, contact Technical Support Service. th

Image manipulation module - ImageWizard

y be used by several projects, so nly the links to these images are stored in each project.

bout project images with real images as well as validation of such links orrectness.

Each project image could be matched with the following data:

mage with any resource with image (raster file) in resource system of active profile.

information is not used (for example, view/import/export of vector objects, TIN, DEM).

es replacement, virtual images using. ee also the chapter Main operations in ImageWizard

ImageWizard works with PHOTOMOD project images. Each PHOTOMOD project contains detailed information about all its initial images (raster size and color, interior and exterior orientation parameters etc.). Since each initial image mao Main function of ImageWizard is images links management, i.e. association the information ac

Existing resource. At that, no new data structures are produced. You can match project i

Vi

photomod. project creation

Documents

coordinate system3

processing of ads

project creation3

project types3

coordinate systems builder3

coordinate system editing3

coordinate system c

project files placement