presentation m,t,c2

8/9/2019 Presentation m,t,c2

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Processing


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Presented by:

Sheraz, Umer , Tahir, Waseem


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What is ?

Mood is an internal, subjective state, but it often can be inferred from posture and behaviors

Etymologically, moodderives from the Old English mdwhich denoted military courage, but

could also refer to a person's humor, temper, or disposition at a particular time.

According to psychologist Robert Thayer

, mood is a product of two dimensions:

energy and tension.

Moods differ from simple emotions in that they are less specific, less intense, and less likely

to be triggered by a particular stimulus or event.


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Moods generally have either apositive or negative valence. Inother words, people typicallyspeak of being in a goodmood or a

badmood. Personality traits such as optimism

and neuroticism predispose certaintypes of moods.

Unlike acute, emotional feelingslike fear and surprise, moods oftenlast for hours or days.

Long term disturbances of moodsuch as depression and bipolardisorder are considered mooddisorders .


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What is

?

Temperament is a configuration of observable personality traits, such as habits of communication, patterns of action, and sets of characteristic attitudes, values, and talents. It

also encompasses personal needs, the kinds of contributions that individuals make in the

workplace, and the roles they play in society.

Each temperament has its own unique qualities and shortcomings, strengths and challenges.

It is important to understand that the four temperaments are not simply arbitrary collections

of characteristics, but spring from an interaction of the two basic dimensions of human

behavior: our communication and our action, our words and our deeds, or, simply,

whatwe say andwhatwe do.


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Characteristics of

Activity

Regularity

Adaptability

Initial Reaction

Mood

Distractibility

Intensity

Persistence and Attention Span

Sensitivity


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Theories of

Keirseys 4-TemperamentsKeirseys 4-Temperaments

Rudolf Steiners 4-TemperamentsRudolf Steiners 4-Temperaments


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Keirseys 4-Temperaments TheoryAll Rationals share the following core characteristics:

Rationals tend to be pragmatic, skeptical, self-contained, and

focused on problem-solving and systems analysis.

Rationals pride themselves on being ingenious, independent,

and strong willed.

Rationals make reasonable mates, individualizing parents,

and strategic leaders.

Rationals are even-tempered, they trust logic, yearn for

achievement, seek knowledge, prize technology, and dream

of understanding how the world works.

Rationals are the problem solving temperament, particularly

If the problem has to do with the many complex systems that

make up the world around us.

In working with problems, Rationals try to find solutions that

have application in the real world, but they are even more

interested in the abstract concepts involved, the

fundamental principles or natural laws that underlie the

particular case.

Rationals are very scarce, comprising as little as 5 to 10

percent of the population. But because of their drive to

unlock the secrets of nature, and to develop new

technologies, they have done much to shape our world.

All Artisans share the following core characteristics: Artisans tend to be fun-loving, optimistic, realistic, and focused

on the here and now

Artisans pride themselves on being unconventional, bold, andspontaneous.

Artisans make playful mates, creative parents, and

troubleshooting leaders.

Artisans are excitable, trust their impulses, want to make a

splash, seek stimulation, prize freedom, and dream of mastering

action skills.

Artisans are the temperament with a natural ability to excel In

any of the arts, not only the fine arts such as painting and

sculpting, or the performing arts such as music, theater, and

dance, but also the athletic, military, political, mechanical, andindustrial arts, as well as the "art of the deal" in business.

Artisans have exceptionally keen senses, and love working with

their hands. They seem right at home with tools, instruments,

and vehicles of all kinds, and their actions are usually aimed at

getting them where they want to go, and as quickly as possible

There are many Artisans, perhaps 30 to 35 percent of the

population, which is good, because they create much of the

beauty, grace, fun, and excitement the rest of us enjoy in life.

All Guardians share the following core characteristics:Guardians pride themselves on being dependable, helpful,

and hard-working.

Guardians make loyal mates, responsible parents, and

stabilizing leaders.

Guardians tend to be dutiful, cautious, humble, and focused

on credentials and traditions.

Guardians are concerned citizens who trust authority, join

groups, seek security, prize gratitude, and dream of meting

out justice.

Guardians can have a lot of fun with their friends, but they

are quite serious about their duties and responsibilities.Guardians take pride in being dependableand trustworthy

Practical and down-to-earth

Guardians make up as much as 40 to 45 percent of the

population, and a good thing, because they usually end up

doing all the indispensable butthankless jobs the rest of us

take for granted

All Idealists share the following core characteristics:Idealists are enthusiastic, they trust their intuition, yearn for

romance, seek their true self, prize meaningful relationships,

and dream of attaining wisdom.Idealists pride themselves on being loving, kindhearted, and

authentic.

Idealists tend to be giving, trusting, spiritual, and they are

focused on personal journeys and human potentials.

Idealists make intense mates, nurturing parents, and

inspirational leaders.

Idealists, as a temperament, are passionately concerned with

personal growth and development. Idealists strive to

discover who they are and how they can become their bestpossible self -- always this quest for self-knowledge and self-

improvement drives their imagination.

Highly ethical in their actions, Idealists hold themselves to a

strict standard of personal integrity.

Idealists are relatively rare, making up no more than 15 to 20

percent of the population. But their ability to inspire people

with their enthusiasm and their idealism has given them

influence far beyond their numbers.


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SANGUINEin incl

usion

One interesting characteristic of the Sanguine temperament is a tendency to exaggerate. A

good time is remembered as a terrific event. A modest accomplishment becomes a major

victory.

Strengths of those blessed with this temperament include:

1. Being Friendly and Approachable

2. Inspirational to Others

3. Very Relationship Oriented4. Genuinely Liking People

5. Perennially Optimistic

SANGUINE in affection

Sanguine in Affection refers to the need for deep relationships, closeness, love, and

affection.

Emotionally available, easy to get to know, open and friendly. Of all the temperament types,

the Sanguine is easily the most outgoing, easy to get to know, and lovable. They will value

friendship, love, and close interaction much more than physical possessions. They live to

establish deep personal relationships

SANGUINE in control

Sanguine of control in relationships has to do with decision making ability, willingness to

responsibility, and the need for independence. Primarily males, the composed less than two

percent of the population. This difficult area of the temperament is in a way "double-

minded." The problem comes because while one who is Sanguine in Control will want to be

in charge, but also want others to be in control. Typically they will flip-flop from one mode

to the other. This instability can lead to neurotic condition.

Rudolf Steiners 4-Temperaments

SANGUINE

PHLEGMATIC

CHOLERIC

MELANCHOLIC

SUPINE


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CHOLERIC ininclusion

ACholeric in Inclusion tends to be seen as open, friendly, confident, outgoing, optimistic,

and tough-minded. They typically will exhibit a good mind for envisioning new projects

and is an extrovert of a highly selective nature.

On the downside, a Choleric who is not getting his way will often be hot tempered. They

will use people to get their way, and can be cruel and angry when frustrated, which can

happen easily.

Cholerics tend to dominate conversations. If you find yourself having trouble getting a

word in edgewise, you are likely dealing with a Choleric. They will try to be careful not to

be rude, but will consistently work at dominating

. They are fast-paced and demand that things be done correctly and swiftly. "Do It and

Do It Now" is their slogan. Procrastination is not a characteristic of a Choleric in

inclusion.

CHOLERIC incontrol

ACholeric in Control is typically an excellent leader, capable of quick and accurate

decisions based on facts rather than emotions. Capable of carrying considerable

responsibility, the people tend to have significant quantities ofwill-power. The complete

the tasks they set out to accomplish.

On the negative side, Cholerics in Control can be angry and cruel. The have been known

to be uncaring, abusive and ruthless.A

major flaw

that appears is the failure to care forthe people they are leading, and to look down on those who have less strength ofwill.


SANGUINE

PHLEGMATIC

CHOLERIC

MELANCHOLIC

SUPINE


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PHLEGMATIC ininclusion

The Phlegmatic in inclusion is a "steady as she goes" sort of person. People with a

Phlegmatic temperament slowly proceed through life expending as little energy as possible.

They are the one who used to get gold watches for fifty years of faithful service doing the

same booking job they started when they were 19.

Phlegmatic persons tend to be observers of life rather than doers. Since Phlegmatics take

few chances and break few rules, they generally lead safe but boring lives. Many

Phlegmatics have not experienced the need forG

od that thosew

ho operate in othertemperaments are likely to experience

Phlegmatics take an easy going approach to life. They like to take a nap, not over-exert

themselves, and rarely volunteer for anything. They work best if there is little pressure and

little risk. They like to become expert at something, insuring their value in the future.

PHLEGMATIC incontrolThose who are Phlegmatic in control are able to perform boring or tedious work to a high

standard of perfection.

Phlegmatics in Control can also be extraordinarily stubborn. A self-righteous Phlegmatic is

an impossible to move individual, who's mind is already made up, regardless of the facts.

The Phlegmatic in Control can make a great moderator or negotiator. Unflappable, they

remain unemotional and objective. While others border on violence, these peacemakers

"Peace at Any Price" is the motto of a Phlegmatic

Humor and

w

it are frequent tools that the Phlegmaticw

ill use to keep others at areasonable distance, especially Cholerics who are trying to boss them around.


SANGUINE

PHLEGMATIC

CHOLERIC

MELANCHOLIC

SUPINE

Phlegmatic In Affection

The area of affection includes the needs of the individual for close personal relationships,

love and affection.

In the area of affection, the Phlegmatic is the most stable of all the temperaments. They

neither smother others with too much attention, nor do they remain cool and

distant. They place realistic demands on others and are able to respond to others needs

with a reasonable amount of energy.

The Phlegmatic tends not to have a problem with fear of rejection, and they seem to be

able to deal with hostile or angry people.

The Phlegmatic in Affection prefers things to be stable and cool and will have no interest

in conflict. They will tend not to care if others are unhappy, as their tendency toward

self-righteousness tells them it is the other persons problem.

Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady during the Presidency of FDR, is thought to have been a

Phlegmatic.


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MELONCHOLIC incontrol

A Melancholy in Control is a very independently minded person. They will tolerate very little

interference in their lives. They have a hard time submitting to authority due to this

independent nature.

In areas where they are well informed, Melancholies easily make good decisions without

delay. However, if faced with making decisions about things they know little about, they will

tend to procrastinate, often becoming angry or upset.

On the surface a Melancholy in

Control

will al

ways try to appear calm, competent, and in

complete control. This mask is used to cover up any self-doubt or perceived

inadequacies. Melancholies have a great fear of being wrong or making a mistake.

When confronted for making a mistake ,a Melancholy will typically respond with anger. On

the other hand, when making decisions and operating in areas where they are well

informed, they will tend to make confident, well-considered decisions and demonstrate

good leadership qualities.

MELANCHOLIC In Affection

Melancholies in Affection have little need for close, personal relationships, and are mostly

to provide others with any significant amount of love either.

On the surface they appear to be cold and guarded, but in truth, they can be tender-

hearting and caring.

Very few people will become close to a Melancholy in Affection, but those that do will find

themselves with a fiercely loyal and faithful friend. If they are hurt or injured in this

relationship, they are likely to seek revenge.

MELONCHOLIC ininclusion

Hippocrates referred to the Melancholy as the "black temperament." People with this

temperament are prone to depression. They can bring a deep depression on themselves

just by thinking!

The Melancholy mind is always turning, always thinking. There is a tremendous amount of

energy expended in this thought process. If the thought process is channeled along positive

paths, incredible and wonderful results can blossom. As their thoughts spin downward, so

does their mood, their self-esteem, and their outlook on life.The Melancholy temperament is very common. The Good News is that a spirit-filled

Melancholy is a marvel to behold. When they learn to channel their powerful thought

processes in harmony with the Spirit, wonderful things happen.


SANGUINE

PHLEGMATIC

CHOLERIC

MELANCHOLIC

SUPINE


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SUPINE in Affection

Because of their inability or unwillingness to express their needs, most Supines in Affection

fail to get their needs met. While they appear reserved and cool, the fact is they are truly

in need of a lot of close, personal affection, love, and attention. Since they find it nearly

impossible to to actually express themselves, they simply cannot get their needs

communicated. The image of a prisoner bound and gagged is not far from the truth of

being a Supine in Affection.

Ho

wever, if a Supine In

Affection actually feels safe in a close, personal relationship, they can

respond and return expressions of caring. They can become intensely loyal, producing

absolute, complete faithfulness. No temperament is more prone to this kind of intense

loyalty.

SUPINE in inclusion

The Supine in Inclusion is a temperament that has many interests and cares, but little ability

or need to express their needs. He often has a wish or desire, but is unable or unwilling to

express himself. Supine In Inclusion people often wish that others could "readtheirminds.

They are too sensitive or easily offended. Slow-paced and diligent, Supines are not

indifferent or uncaring about life. Quite the opposite, they may have the strong feeling of

the Sanguine but simply be unwilling to express themselves.

Supines have a vie

wof the

world that makes them consider others to be superior to

themselves. They frequently employ themselves in positions that permit them to be

servants to others. The will dutifully work to please others, who they see a better than

themselves.

SUPINE In Control

The area ofControl deals with decision making, willingness to take on responsibility, and the

for independence. A Supine in Control will always be inclined to seek out others advice

when trying to make a decision. Supines feel very inadequate and consider themselves

incapable of making a good decision on their own. They make seek out the counsel of

several, and become quite confused if they receive differing opinions. They have such an

intense need to serve others, they often become "naturalborn victims.

A supine in Control is also like to be an the type of person who harbors a great deal of anger

and resentment.

Supine in Control individuals like to be involved in the decision making process, and will be

offended if left out, but they do not want to make the final decisions or assume the

responsibility for them.

Life is not easy for the Supine in Control. As youngsters, they are often tormented and

abused by other children. They are typically slow to fight back. Instead they tend to

internalize their anger and hurt, actually believing they deserve the treatment they receive.


SANGUINE

PHLEGMATIC

CHOLERIC

MELANCHOLIC

SUPINE


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What is ?

CONFLICT can be defined as "when two ormore parties, with perceived incompatiblegoals, seek to undermine each other's goal-seeking capability".

Conflict is actual or perceived opposition ofneeds, values and interests. A conflict canbe internal (within oneself) or external

(between two or more individuals).Conflict as a concept can help explain manyaspects of social life such as socialdisagreement, conflicts of interests, andfights between individuals, groups, ororganizations.


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Types of

community conflict diplomatic conflict

economic conflict

emotionalconflict

environmental resources conflict

groupconflict

ideological conflict

international conflict interpersonal conflict

intersocietal conflict

racial conflict

intrastate conflict (for example: civilwars,electioncampaigns)

intrapersonal conflict

organizational conflict

intra-societal conflict

militaryconflict

religious-based conflict workplaceconflict

data conflict

relationship conflict


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Causes of

STRUCTURAL FACTORS

Authority Relationships (The boss and

employees beneath them)

Common Resources

Goal Differences

Interdependence Jurisdictional Ambiguities

Specialization (The experts in fields)

Status inconsistencies

Need of land, water and food (whole

country)

PERSONAL FACTORS

Communication barriers

Conflict management style

Cultural differences

Emotions

Perception Personalities

Skills and abilities

Values and Ethics


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Theorists have claimed that parties can conceptualize responses to conflict according to a two

dimensional scheme; concern for one's own outcomes and concern for the outcomes of the

other party. This scheme leads to the following POSSIBITIES:

COMPROMISE

High concern for both one's own and the other

party's outcomes leads to attempts to find

mutually beneficial solutions.

EITHER WILL WIN

High concern for anyone party outcomes only

leads to attempts to "win" the conflict.

AVOID THE CONFLICT

No concern for either side's outcomes leads to

attempts to avoid the conflict.

Either will

win

Either will

win

Avoid the conflictAvoid the conflict

CompromiseCompromise

Resolution of


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and Emotions

There are many components to the emotions

that are intertwined with conflict.

Behavioral- Component

The way emotional experience gets expressed which

can be verbal or non-verbal and intentional or un-

intentional.

Physiological-Component

The bodily experience of emotion. The way emotions

make us feel in comparison to our identity. Cognitive-Component

The idea that we "assess or appraise" an event to

reveal its relevancy to ourselves.

These three components collectively advise that "the

meanings of emotional experience

BehavioralBehavioral

PhysiologicalPhysiological

CognitiveCognitive

CulturalValues

CulturalValues

PracticesPractices

BeliefsBeliefs

Expression are determined by cultural values,

beliefs, and practices.

Cultural values-culture tells people who are a part of it, "Which

emotions ought to be expressed in particular situations"

and "what emotions are to be felt."

Practices-This escalation results from "anger or frustration."

Beliefs-This escalation results from "negative perceptions of the

annoyer's character."


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WaysofaddressingconflictFive basic ways of addressing conflict were identified by

Thomas and Kilman in 1976

Accommodation surrender one's own needs and wishes to accommodate the other party.

Avoidance avoid or postpone conflict by ignoring it, changing the subject, etc. Avoidance can be usefulas a temporary measure to buy time or as an expedient means of dealing with very minor, non-recurring

conflicts. In more severe cases, conflict avoidance can involve severing a relationship or leaving a group.

Collaboration work together to find a mutually beneficial solution. While the Thomas Kilman gridviews collaboration as the only win-win solution to conflict, collaboration can also be time-intensive and

inappropriate when there is not enough trust, respect or communication among participants forcollaboration to occur.

Compromise find a middle ground in which each party is partially satisfied.

Competition assert one's viewpoint at the potential expense of another. It can be useful whenachieving one's objectives outweighs one's concern for the relationship.


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Muhammad Sheraz AlamWaseem SarwarHafiz .Muhammad UmerMuhammad TahirMuhammad Sheraz AlamWaseem SarwarHafiz .Muhammad UmerMuhammad TahirMuhammad Sheraz AlamWaseem SarwarHafiz .Muhammad UmerMuhammad Tahir

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