Production of Iron and Aluminum, Water, Hydrogen, Alkaline Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, and Sodium

The production of iron and aluminum

Another use of the electrolysis is the purification of pure metals from their ores. To a supply of electrical power to work in order to cause an oxidation or reduction process, so that the materials to be extracted from the electrolyte solutions, or a mixture of molten metal’s. In this way, materials can be obtained in pure form. In addition to the electrolysis of an aqueous solution, electrolysis of a molten metal can be performed. Technically, the electrolysis process can be used to purify sodium and aluminum from a molten mass.

Aluminum is one of the most widely used metals in the world. But it is to win a complicated process to pure aluminum from its mixtures. Raw aluminum in nature most commonly found as a component of bauxite.

A method for the purification of aluminum can be divided into two phases.

Starting from bauxite, we use the Bayer process to aluminum obtained in the following manner: bauxite allows with sodium hydroxide, reaction of a base. This leads to the release of aluminum in solution in the form of aluminum hydroxide. After filtration, the aluminum is hydroxide separated from the hydroxide ions than aluminum. This is filtered off, and when heated, burning takes place. The result is the generation of an alumina compound.

This aluminum-containing product is put under electrolysis, forming pure aluminum and hydrogen. The electrolysis of a stream of molten metal means that the metal can be separated from a molten mixture of salts of the metal with a high electric current, but a low voltage.

Iron as the transition metal of the fourth period of the Periodic Table has been found known. In its pure form it is white, relatively soft and magnetically. In nature, it is usually found combined with other atoms in compounds. Hematite is one of the most important ores is. Separated iron from its ores in large ovens.

To win iron, industrial furnaces are necessary, as are iron ore, limestone and coal. The necessary materials in a large oven provided. The furnace has a ventilation system, so that the air can circulate. Heating of limestone results in the production of a calcium oxide.

1. The oxygen in the air reacts with the carbon, which carbon dioxide.

2. In the case of very high temperatures, this carbon dioxide reacts with oxygen to form carbon monoxide.

3 reduces carbon monoxide in the iron ore to pure iron, as in the reaction of Fe2O3 + 3CO 2 = Fe + 3CO2

The gases produced are called flue gases and are released through the chimney of the industrial furnace.

Impurities, called slag, are lighter than the iron produced so that they can be separated from the bottom to the surface of the iron. In the lower part of the industrial furnace pig iron is produced. Pig iron contains about 2-5% 3-4% carbon and slag. In this state of iron can be used for casting or forging. Otherwise, it is possible to use other chemical processes to steel.

Of iron and a certain amount of carbon, 1.5% of not exceed the total. Carbon steel makes harder, while reducing their formability. Other metalloids can be added, so that the steel to reach its usual properties. For example, steel may contain as much as 11-14% chromium.

According to the latest steel production processes, slag and scrap additives are added to the molten mass of crude iron. The addition of oxygen acts to enhance the oxidation of the contaminants, and can help to clean the steel.

The composition of the air and its contaminants

No matter where we are on our planet, the Earth, we are surrounded by the atmosphere or air. Air, but not to be confused with oxygen. Oxygen is one of the components of the air. There are others. Air is as follows:

77.1% nitrogen

20.8% oxygen

1.1% water vapor

0.9% argon,

0.1% other gases (hydrogen, carbon dioxide, rare gases ...)

Not to change the proportions of these gases usually a significant way, although the concentration of carbon dioxide or sulfide compounds in the air over major cities and industrial centers to dramatically increase in a fairly short period of time.

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