promotion of (a) innovation and technology and (b

Promotion of (a) innovation and technology and (b) services trade in selected places

RT04/18-19

28 January 2019 1. Introduction 1.1 Innovation and technology ("I&T") are drivers of economic growth and the key to enhancing competitiveness of the industries. In many places, strategies in promoting I&T development typically include offering financial support to stakeholders (e.g. start-ups and foreign enterprises) in the industry, nurturing talent and fostering a vibrant culture of innovation. Although the Government have been stepping up the efforts in recent years, the latest innovation ranking of Hong Kong still fell behind regional competitors such as Singapore and South Korea.1 Recently, these two places have put in place various new arrangements/measures with a focus on nurturing start-ups and attracting foreign enterprises to further drive the growth. Meanwhile, Taiwan has also started rolling out new programmes and improvement measures to catch up the needs of developing I&T. 1.2 While I&T helps promote economic development, Hong Kong economy is services- and externally- oriented with high dependence on trading with the rest of the world. Although the value of total exports of services recorded a 6.1% rebound in 2017, the uncertainties in global economic environment such as trade conflicts between China and the United States warrant attention. 1.3 At the request of Hon Alvin YEUNG, the Research Office has completed a research task covering Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan on (a) incentives and schemes to attract I&T investment, especially with respect to encouraging investments in start-ups and participation of foreign enterprises in I&T, and (b) supportive measures to promote market expansion of services trade. The relevant documents are organized into an information pack folder with key findings outlined in the following section. 2. Promotion of (a) innovation and technology and (b) services trade in selected

places (a) Incentives and schemes to encourage investments in start-ups and participation

of foreign enterprises in I&T 2.1 I&T start-ups normally need to go through many stages of growth and development in their initial years. There are views that start-ups generally face financial 1 According to the Global Innovation Index 2018, Hong Kong was ranked 14th after Singapore (5th) and

South Korea (12th). Research Office

Legislative Council Secretariat 立法會秘書處資料研究組

difficulties in getting funding support at the early stage (so-called seed to pre-Series A stages). To encourage more private investment from "angels", Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan have put in place some sort of tax incentives for angel investors investing in I&T start-ups at the initial stage, while offering co-investment initiatives to stimulate private sector investment. On the other hand, some stakeholders in Hong Kong have suggested that access to support services and incentives for start-ups should be simplified while the connection networks for start-up founders should be strengthened.2 At present, Hong Kong's assistance programmes for nurturing start-ups are launched under different agencies such as the Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks Corporation and Cyberport. In Singapore, with an aim to strengthen the support, start-up schemes have been unified since 2017 under the umbrella branding of "Startup SG", administered altogether by Enterprise Singapore, a government agency on enterprise development.3 Besides, it has newly launched the "Startup SG Network" to enable local players to profile themselves and seek potential partnerships and deal flows through an online portal. South Korea, being one of the world leaders in I&T, launched in 2016 the global competition K-Startup Grand Challenge, attracting over a thousand of start-ups (including Hong Kong-based) from more than a hundred countries and regions each year. While just a global competition, the initiative provides ample opportunities for connecting to different players (including local giants such as Samsung and LG) of the ecosystem. Selected start-up teams from different countries could receive a range of support such as free office, living expenses and one-on-one mentoring to work out their ideas. 2.2 Taxes and cost of operation (e.g. rental costs) are among the key considerations for setting up a business or making investment in a given jurisdiction. While both Hong Kong and Singapore are renowned for their simple and low tax regime, the latter has in place a more diverse range of schemes to help attract investment in I&T. For example, it provides a concessionary tax incentive for headquarter/regional companies carrying out qualifying activities including bringing in technology and knowhow to the industry. In South Korea, in addition to providing tax incentives and cash grants, it also leases land to eligible foreign enterprises at a discount rate or for free to ease their cost burden. To incentivize foreign enterprises to collaborate with local companies in I&T, Singapore has introduced the PACT programme providing subsidies for partnership on capability development (e.g. co-innovation and knowledge transfer). Likewise in Taiwan, it has launched the funding programme "全球研發創新夥伴計畫" to attract multi-national enterprises to partner with local companies in engaging R&D activities. Similar targeted supportive measures to facilitate foreign-local collaboration in I&T are not seen in Hong Kong. Recently, the Government has indicated that it would launch an Easy Landing Scheme to attract multi-national companies to set up offices and R&D units at Cyberport by giving rental concession.

2 This was based on the joint study entitled " Transforming Hong Kong Through Entrepreneurship" by KPMG

China and the Alibaba Hong Kong Entrepreneurs Fund. 3 There are several pillars of support ranging from "Startup SG Founder" on mentorship and capital grant to

"Startup SG Equity" on equity co-investment. Research Office


(b) Supportive measures to promote market expansion of services trade 2.3 Expansion of services trade is a driver of economic growth. Mainland is the largest trading partner of Hong Kong, accounting for 40% of its service exports in 2016. Free trade agreements ("FTAs") provide favourable conditions for exports of services to international markets. Albeit the importance of CEPA, Hong Kong's network of FTAs (seven FTAs in total) is markedly less than the counterparts of Singpaore and South Korea which have over 22 FTAs and 15 FTAs respectively. Amid the global trade tensions, there are suggestions that Hong Kong should seek to maintain the competitivness of the major export services such as transport and travel services. In Singapore, there are different incentives to promote the expansion of the services industries. For example, it offers a concessionary tax incentive for the maritime cluster to encourge international shipping companies to operate in Singapore;4 and there is a tax deduction benefit on eligible expenses under the "Double Tax Deduction for Internationalisation", covering tourism and exhibition promotion activities. 2.4 In Taiwan, it has launched a scheme "服務業創新研究計畫" to encourage innovation of the services sector with a view to increasing the competitiveness. It has also in place industry specific initiatives such as "綠色貿易推動方案" to drive green-related trade. In South Korea, services industries are not as significant as its manufacturing industries. Yet it had notably implemented a three-year plan to foster service exports of seven selected services industries (e.g. tourism and logistics) through strengthening related infrastructures. Currently, it has in place an "Export Voucher Program" allowing businesses to access necessary export assistance services (e.g. foreign language translation and interpretation services).5

4 Imposing such kind of concessionary rate was also one of the recommendations made by the Financial

Services Development Council in its research report entitled the "Maritime Leasing Paper". See Financial Services Development Council (2018).

5 Based on the unofficial translation of information on the website of the Export Centre, the total business scale of the program was 164 billion won (HK$1.17 billion). See ExportCenter (2019).

Research Office


Research Office Legislative Council Secretariat

立法會秘書處資料研究組

Promotion of (a) innovation and technology and (b) services trade in selected places

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Documents