Propaganda during Propaganda during WWIWWI

By Jake Mosher and Andy By Jake Mosher and Andy SongSong

What is propaganda?What is propaganda?►The spreading of ideas, facts, or The spreading of ideas, facts, or

allegations to further ones cause, or allegations to further ones cause, or damage an opposing causedamage an opposing cause

►Aimed to influence people’s behavior Aimed to influence people’s behavior and opinionsand opinions

Government use of propaganda Government use of propaganda during Wartimeduring Wartime

►To boost enlistment numbersTo boost enlistment numbers

►Raise moral on the home frontRaise moral on the home front

►Encourage investment into war bondsEncourage investment into war bonds

►To help the transition into a wartime To help the transition into a wartime economyeconomy

Propaganda TechniquesPropaganda Techniques► Band Wagon - Everyone does it, you shouldBand Wagon - Everyone does it, you should

►Glorification - Make soldiers appear heroicGlorification - Make soldiers appear heroic

►Gruesome - Leave vivid/permanent mental Gruesome - Leave vivid/permanent mental imageimage

►Guilt/Mockery - Isolating specific categoryGuilt/Mockery - Isolating specific category

► Fears – Expose Insecurities, RelateFears – Expose Insecurities, Relate

World War I PropagandaWorld War I Propaganda

World War I PropagandaWorld War I Propaganda► In the form of In the form of

posters, newspapers, posters, newspapers, slogans, billboards, slogans, billboards, and cinema adsand cinema ads

► It was everywhereIt was everywhere

►Manipulated people Manipulated people through their through their emotionsemotions

German PropagandaGerman Propaganda► Germany was one of Germany was one of

the first countries to the first countries to begin producing begin producing propagandapropaganda

► German propaganda German propaganda was often unique from was often unique from other countriesother countries

► Sometimes involved Sometimes involved mythological creaturesmythological creatures

“We teach you to run!”

British War Propaganda Bureau British War Propaganda Bureau (WPB)(WPB)

► Established September 2Established September 2ndnd 1914.1914.

► Consisted of 25 leading Consisted of 25 leading authors who agreed to write authors who agreed to write books and pamphlets books and pamphlets promoting the governments promoting the governments view of the war.view of the war.

► Published pamphlets such Published pamphlets such as as Report on Alleged Report on Alleged German OutragesGerman Outrages, which , which gave credence to the idea gave credence to the idea that the German Army had that the German Army had tortured Belgium citizenstortured Belgium citizens

Department of InformationDepartment of Information►Established in February, 1917Established in February, 1917

►Became the central department for all Became the central department for all British propagandaBritish propaganda

Common British PropagandaCommon British Propaganda►Much British Much British

propaganda focused propaganda focused on demonizing the on demonizing the enemy.enemy.

► Sought to raise Sought to raise emotions of fear emotions of fear and hate.and hate.

Common British PropagandaCommon British Propaganda► British propaganda British propaganda

often appealed to often appealed to the sense of the sense of national pride.national pride.

►Was designed to Was designed to invoke feelings of invoke feelings of guilt in those not guilt in those not enlisted.enlisted.

British PropagandaBritish Propaganda► The execution of The execution of

nurse Edith Cavell nurse Edith Cavell was a major theme was a major theme of Anti-German of Anti-German propaganda.propaganda.

► Recruitment doubled Recruitment doubled for eight weeks after for eight weeks after her death was her death was announced.announced.

U.S. PropagandaU.S. Propaganda► Committee of Public Committee of Public

Information established Information established April 13, 1917April 13, 1917

► Influenced American public Influenced American public opinion toward supporting opinion toward supporting U.S. intervention in the warU.S. intervention in the war

► Organized a speaker's Organized a speaker's bureau of seventy-five bureau of seventy-five thousand people, known as thousand people, known as the "Four-Minute Men." the "Four-Minute Men."

► Made liberal use of war Made liberal use of war atrocity stories in their atrocity stories in their speeches speeches

U.S. PropagandaU.S. Propaganda

“Over there” by Billy Murray

World War II PropagandaWorld War II Propaganda

WWIIWWIIGermanyGermany

►Nazi Germany is Nazi Germany is glorified, unifiedglorified, unified

►Hitler clenched fist, Hitler clenched fist, stern face, power, stern face, power, omnipotentomnipotent

► Bright sunlight, Bright sunlight, dove, hope and dove, hope and couragecourage

► 19391939

WWIIWWIIUnited StatesUnited States

►Depicts Japan and Depicts Japan and Germany, Germany, stereotypical featuresstereotypical features

► Very close, massive Very close, massive warning signwarning sign

► Shown as dangerous Shown as dangerous and menacing, sneakyand menacing, sneaky

► Corner emblem, “Our Corner emblem, “Our Job”, PatriotismJob”, Patriotism

►1942

WWIIWWIISoviet RussiaSoviet Russia

► Children, sympathy Children, sympathy and can relateand can relate

► Background is Background is gloomy, dark, gloomy, dark, hopelessnesshopelessness

► Barbed wire, Barbed wire, encaged, sufferingencaged, suffering

► Facial expression Facial expression traumatized, fearfultraumatized, fearful

►1942

WWIIWWIIBritainBritain

► Very plain, very Very plain, very directdirect

► Finger pointing, Finger pointing, addressing each addressing each individualindividual

► Strong message, Strong message, can’t rely on others, can’t rely on others, work towards goalwork towards goal

►1942

WWIIWWIIUnited StatesUnited States

► Two major axis Two major axis powers, dark and powers, dark and evil.evil.

► America is portrayed America is portrayed as angelic and as angelic and innocentinnocent

► Image of defenseless Image of defenseless baby, need to baby, need to protect.

►1943

WWIIWWIIGermanyGermany

► Literature used as Literature used as PropagandaPropaganda

► Comic books: Vica, Comic books: Vica, turn French against turn French against AlliesAllies

►Hitler Auto-Hitler Auto-biography, Mein biography, Mein KampfKampf

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Q-6H4xOUrs

Different Forms of Different Forms of PropagandaPropaganda

Practices of PropagandaPractices of Propaganda► Propaganda used to Propaganda used to

convince citizens to convince citizens to join war effortjoin war effort

► Indirect Methods: Indirect Methods: War bonds, War bonds, Rationing goods, Rationing goods, Giving materialsGiving materials

►Direct Methods: Direct Methods: Enlisting, Enlisting, Volunteering, Volunteering, ProductionProduction

Practices of Propaganda IIPractices of Propaganda II►Subtle features: Features such as Subtle features: Features such as

shading, color, font size, etc.shading, color, font size, etc.►Obvious features: Features such as Obvious features: Features such as

text, images, metaphors, symbolismtext, images, metaphors, symbolism►Used to stir emotions within civilians: Used to stir emotions within civilians:

Patriotism, Hatred, FearPatriotism, Hatred, Fear

Ministry of InformationMinistry of Information► British government British government

controlledcontrolled► Responsible for all Responsible for all

publicity and publicity and propagandapropaganda

► started in October started in October 1935 1935

Ministry of Public Ministry of Public EnlightenmentEnlightenment

► Regulated its Regulated its culture and societyculture and society

► Started by Germany Started by Germany Nationalist Socialist Nationalist Socialist Party + HitlerParty + Hitler

► Enforced Nazi Enforced Nazi IdeologyIdeology

►March 13, 1933 March 13, 1933

Crucial Point of PropagandaCrucial Point of Propaganda► Bombing of Pearl Bombing of Pearl

HarborHarbor► American became American became

involvedinvolved► Changed outcome Changed outcome

of WWII entirelyof WWII entirely► Constantly referred Constantly referred

to for justificationto for justification► 19421942

Results of Pearl HarborResults of Pearl Harbor►US became involved US became involved

in Warin War►Mass increase in Anti-Mass increase in Anti-

Japanese sentimentsJapanese sentiments► Propaganda became Propaganda became

more focused on more focused on JapaneseJapanese

► Creation of Creation of Internment CampsInternment Camps

Results of Pearl Harbor II Results of Pearl Harbor II ► America became a America became a

war-driven economywar-driven economy►Majority of US Majority of US

citizens supported citizens supported WarWar

►War bonds became War bonds became vital factor to vital factor to military, constantly military, constantly advertisedadvertised

Changes in Propaganda Changes in Propaganda between WWI and WWIIbetween WWI and WWII

► Posters used Posters used extensively in both extensively in both warswars

► Propaganda methods Propaganda methods more technologically more technologically advanced in WWII.advanced in WWII.

► WWI Propaganda WWI Propaganda more focused on more focused on romanticize/glorify, romanticize/glorify, WWII propaganda on WWII propaganda on dehumanizationdehumanization

Changes in Propaganda Changes in Propaganda between WWI and WWII Part 2between WWI and WWII Part 2

► More types of More types of propaganda began to propaganda began to appear in WWII, such as appear in WWII, such as comic books, novelty comic books, novelty items, toys, etc.items, toys, etc.

► Propaganda becomes Propaganda becomes integrated into daily integrated into daily lifestyleslifestyles

► Directed towards a Directed towards a larger audience larger audience (women)(women)

Reasons for ChangesReasons for Changes► Alternative forms of Alternative forms of

Propaganda, Propaganda, attempting to extend attempting to extend reach and degreereach and degree

► Men left for war, Men left for war, needed reliant and needed reliant and capable workers, capable workers, womenwomen

► Countries already Countries already experienced total experienced total warwar

Reasons for Changes Part 2Reasons for Changes Part 2► Societies were becoming Societies were becoming

more Urbanized, people more Urbanized, people use new alternative use new alternative sources for info.sources for info.

► More people had access More people had access to radio and televisionto radio and television

► Toys, Comic Books, Toys, Comic Books, brainwash children, young brainwash children, young and impressionable, guilt and impressionable, guilt parents into contributionparents into contribution

Effects Effects ►World War II comic book propaganda saw World War II comic book propaganda saw

a major evolution of the modern day super a major evolution of the modern day super hero hero

►Result of heavy anti-Japanese sentiments Result of heavy anti-Japanese sentiments in WWII propaganda, creation of in WWII propaganda, creation of internment camps.internment camps.

►Women equal to menWomen equal to men►Pearl Harbor Propaganda, America Pearl Harbor Propaganda, America

involved.involved.►US citizens very patriotic and nationalisticUS citizens very patriotic and nationalistic

StatementStatement►Overall, propaganda was a fundamental Overall, propaganda was a fundamental

tool to all governments during both wars.tool to all governments during both wars.►Fueled war effort indirectly and directlyFueled war effort indirectly and directly►Society now more aware and cautious of Society now more aware and cautious of

media exposuremedia exposure►Propaganda symbolizes perspectives, Propaganda symbolizes perspectives,

events, methods, and sentiments of events, methods, and sentiments of nations during that time Periodnations during that time Period

BibliographyBibliography► Duffy,Michael. “Propaganda Posters”.Duffy,Michael. “Propaganda Posters”.FirstWorldWar.comFirstWorldWar.com. .

http://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/uk.htm (28 May 2009)http://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/uk.htm (28 May 2009)► No author. “The British War Propaganda No author. “The British War Propaganda

Bureau”.http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWwpb.htm Bureau”.http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWwpb.htm (28 May 2009)(28 May 2009)

► No author. “The Creel Committee”. No author. “The Creel Committee”. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3468300537.html (28 http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3468300537.html (28 May 2009)May 2009)

► McGill, James. “Anti-Axis Collectibles”. McGill, James. “Anti-Axis Collectibles”. http://mysite.verizon.net/vzetqw5o/antiaxispropaganda/id15.hhttp://mysite.verizon.net/vzetqw5o/antiaxispropaganda/id15.html (28 May 2009)tml (28 May 2009)

► Johnson, Jane. “World War I Propaganda Posters”. Johnson, Jane. “World War I Propaganda Posters”. http://www.worldwar1gallery.com/propaganda/ (28 May 2009)http://www.worldwar1gallery.com/propaganda/ (28 May 2009)

► Young, Thomas. “German WWI Psyop”. Young, Thomas. “German WWI Psyop”. http://www.psywarrior.com/GermanWWIPSYOP.html (29 May http://www.psywarrior.com/GermanWWIPSYOP.html (29 May 2009)2009)