1. WelcometoPPTonpublic facilities&Human resources

2. Public Facilities 3. THE ROLE AND FUNCTION OF PUBLICFACILITIESThis sub-chapter gives guidance on the planning ofpublic facilities within residential settlements. Publicfacilities are defined as those basic services whichcannot be supplied directly to the individual dwellingunit and as a result are utilised away from theindividual residential dwelling unit within the publicenvironment. Public facilities satisfy specific individualor community needs - including safety and security,communication, recreation, sport, education, health,public administration, religious, cultural and social.Public facilities, as the name implies, are generallyregarded as the responsibility of government, whethercentral, regional or local, and more often than not areprovided by government institutions. However, publicfacilities are also provided privately, when thegovernment-provided services are perceived to beinadequate. 4. TYPES OF PUBLIC FACILITYPublic facilities can be classed as higher-order, middleorder,lower-order and mobile, depending on the sizeof the area that they serve. Higher-order public facilities:These facilities generally serve the entire region,metropolitan area or city (e.g. hospitals,universities) and are not provided for in the layoutplanning process for single residential settlements.The location of these public facilities is determinedby analysing the most suitable and accessiblelocation for the greatest number of people.Essentially, these facilities are planned in terms ofan overall development framework. Middle-order public facilities:These are facilities which serve a number of diverseand different communities (e.g. high schools,clinics). 5. These facilities are essential to individualresidential settlements, but the facilities serve athreshold population which exceeds an individualsettlement, and therefore are supported by anumber of settlements. Lower-order public facilities:These are facilities which are utilised by asingle ora limited number of residential communities(e.g. acrche or pre-primary school) and which aregenerally provided for in the design and layoutofresidential settlements. Mobile public facilities:These are facilities which move from onelocationto another, serving a large number ofcommunities.Many problems with regard to the spatiallocationof public facilities are increasingly being solved 6. (especially in less mobile communities) throughtheuse of mobile public facilities - such as clinics,postoffices and public telephones. Through mobilefacilities the ideal of allocating scarce resources,whilst at the same time serving the greatestnumber of people, can be achieved.Functional categories of public facilitiesPublic facilities can also be defined in terms ofthefunction that they serve (i.e. education, health,recreation, culture and administration). Table5.5.1illustrates the hierarchical categories and alsoindicateswhether the facilities are publicly or privatelyprovided, and the order of the facility.GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENTPLANNING AND DESIGNPublic facilities 7. Relationships between public facilitiesTable 5.5.2 is a compatibility matrix which attempts toidentify the degree of compatibility between variouspublic facilities when related to one another. Thedegrees of compatibility are defined below. Compatible: There are interrelationships orlinkages between the facilities and they can belocated close to, or clustered with, one another. Neutral: There are no obvious linkages orinterrelationships between facilities; their locationtogether would have no benefits or disadvantages. Incompatible: The facilities are unsuitable to belocated in close proximity or adjoining one anotheras their uses are contradictory.Complex and intricate patterns and relationships existbetween various public facilities. An example ofrelationships and interrelationships between variouspublic facilities is given in Figure 5.5.1.The relationships depicted in the example refer to individual facilities (e.g. individual school buildingswith their own individual playing or exercise areas);and 8. shared facilities, including- specialised facilities (e.g. main hall, mainlibrary), and- sport facilities (e.g. swimming pools, tenniscourts).Figure 5.5.1: Relationships between public facilities(Smit and Hennessy 1995)The shared facilities will not exclusively serve theschools but also be accessible to the public.It is these interrelationships that present theopportunity for the clustering of facilities. Essentiallythere are two types of facility cluster:CommunityPupils Pupils 9. BIBLIOGRAPHYAmerican Public Health Association (1960). Planningthe neighbourhood. Public Administration, USA.Association for Consulting Town and Regional Planners(1994). Ruimtelike riglyne vir uitlegbeplanning virmiddel- en lae inkomstebehuising. TPA, Pretoria.Behrens, R and Watson, V (1996). Making urban places- Principles and guidelines for layout planning. UCT,Cape Town.CSIR, Division of Building Technology (1995).Atteridgeville Centre for the Disabled. CSIR, Pretoria.CSIR, Division of Building Technology (1994). StanzaBopape Health & Community Centre. CSIR, Pretoria.CSIR, Division of Building Technology (1995). Guidelinesfor the provision of engineering services and amenitiesin residential townships. CSIR, Pretoria.DeChiara, J and Koppelman, L (1975). Urban Planningand Design Criteria. Van Nostrand Reinhold.Devas, N and Rakodi, C (eds) (1993). Managing fastgrowing cities. Longman, Singapore.Gauteng Department of Education (1996). Norms andguidelines for reservation of school erven. GautengProvincial Administration. Johannesburg.Green, C and Hennessy, K (1996). 10. Human Resources 11. Human resourcesHuman resources is the set of individuals who make up theworkforce of an organization, business sector, oreconomy. "Human capital" is sometimes used synonymously withhuman resources, although human capitaltypically refers to a more narrow view (i.e., the knowledge theindividuals embody and can contribute to anorganization). Likewise, other terms sometimes used include"manpower", "talent", "labour", or simply "people".The professional discipline and business function that oversees anorganization's human resources is called humanresource management (HRM, or simply HR).OverviewThe term in practiceFrom the corporate objective, employees are viewed as assets tothe enterprise, whose value is enhanced bydevelopment. [1] Hence, companies will engage in a barrage ofhuman resource management practices to capitalizeon those assets.In governing human resources, three major trends are typicallyconsidered:1. Demographics: the characteristics of a population/workforce, forexample, age, gender or social class. This typeof trend may have an effect in relation to pension offerings,insurance packages etc. 12. Concerns about the terminologyOne major concern about considering people as assets or resources isthat they will be commoditized and abused.Some analysis suggests that human beings are not "commodities" or"resources", but are creative and social beings ina productive enterprise. The 2000 revision of ISO 9001, in contrast,requires identifying the processes, theirsequence and interaction, and to define and communicateresponsibilities and authorities. In general, heavilyunionised nations such as France and Germany have adopted andencouraged such approaches. Also, in 2001, theInternational Labour Organization decided to revisit and revise its 1975Recommendation 150 on Human ResourcesDevelopment,[2] resulting in its "Labour is not a commodity" principle.One view of these trends is that a strongsocial consensus on political economy and a good social welfare systemfacilitates labor mobility and tends to makethe entire economy more productive, as labor can develop skills andexperience in various ways, and move from oneenterprise to another with little controversy or difficulty in adapting 13. Another important controversy regards labor mobility and the broaderphilosophical issue with usage of the phrase"human resources". Governments of developing nations often regarddeveloped nations that encourage immigrationor "guest workers" as appropriating human capital that is morerightfully part of the developing nation and requiredto further its economic growth. Over time, the United Nations havecome to more generally support the developingnations' point of view, and have requested significant offsetting "foreignaid" contributions so that a developingnation losing human capital does not lose the capacity to continue totrain new people in trades, professions, and thearts.[3]References[1] Elwood F. Holton II, James W. Trott, Jr., 1996, Trends Toward a CloserIntegration of Vocational Education and Human ResourcesDevelopment, Journal of Vocational and Technical Education, Vol. 12,No. 2, p7[2] http:/ / www-ilo-mirror. cornell. edu/ public/ english/ employment/skills/ recomm/ quest/ qr_1b. htm Broken link, needs repair[3] [a broad inter-sectoral approach to developing humanresourcefulness see United Nations Expert Meeting on HumanResources Development.`Changing Perspectives on Human Resources Development 14. Thank YouDone byTejeswar Reedy