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Community Profile and Resources&Proposal For Community Diagnosis

Group H (PBL 14 & PBL 15)Kok Lanas, Kelantan

[25 September 2013]

Residency 1



Introduction to Group H

Supervisor: Prof. Madya. Dr. Norsa’adah Bachok

Ahmad Shafaeez b Abdul Satar 110758 Amira Hafiza bt Nor Rani 110762

Belinda Teo Sing Yee 110767 Choo Gee Lynn 110776

Danusha a/p Arumugam 110778 Lam Chun-Hau 110812

Kok Chee Lim 110810 Mohamad Azdri b Azman 110821

Marlene Ing Yin Zin 110820 Mohd Hisyam b Rosdi 110824

Mohd Hafizuddin b Mohd Salleh 107465 Norshazwani bt Mohd Izhar 110842

Noor Ayuni bt Abu Yamim 110838 Nur Amirah Fazira bt Malzuki 110844

Nor Amira bt Md Isa 110840 Sharalini bt Zainuddin 107524Nor Annasuhah Najwa bt Zakaria 110841 Sharon Lai Hui Yee 110873

Nurul Syazwani bt Hamid Sultan 110857 Tan Zhi Yan 110890

Tan Zeng Guang Gareth 110889 Yogapriya a/p Muniandy 110904

1



[1] Introduction to Operational Area

Operational Area: Kok Lanas, Daerah Ketereh,Jajahan Kota Bharu, Kelantan.

Head of Village: Hasan B. Awang Kechik

PJKKKP: Hj Halim B. Jusoh

Size: 3 km 2

Number of Houses: 1092

Population: 5060 people

4



List of Infrastructures Available

1. Politeknik Kota Bharu

2. Sekolah Menengah Kok Lanas

3. Sekolah Kebangsaan Desa Pahlawan

4. Masjid Mukim

5. Klinik Kesihatan Kok Lanas

6. Klinik Swasta

5



Kok Lanas (circled)6


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Nearest Clinic/Hospital Average Distance from Kok Lanas

(km)

Klinik Kesihatan Kok Lanas 1.0

Private Clinic 1.0

Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia(HUSM)

22.0

Hospital Machang 22.0

Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II(HRPZ)

26.0

Healthcare Facilities in Kok Lanas

8



[2] Objectives

General ObjectiveTo acquire appropriate knowledge and skills to identify, describe and conducthealth resources and community profile survey of the operational area

Specific ObjectivesTo determine the socioeconomic status of the villagers of Kok Lanas.

To identify the health-related practices & usages of health services by villagersof Kok Lanas.

To identify the main health problems in Kok Lanas.

Adapted from Community and Family Case Studies Handbook Phase II 4th Edition July 20109



[3] Methodology

Study Design: Cross Sectional Study

Study Area: Kok Lanas, Ketereh, Kelantan

Study Period: 15 th -19 th March 2013

Study Population: All villagers of Kok Lanas

Sample Size: Number of houses as determined

by the CFCS secretariat (150)

10



[3] Methodology (cont.)

Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria

1. Respondents were residents of

the operational area for morethan 2 years.

1. Residents who refused to be

interviewed.2. Single students who lived inthe area.

3. Residents that were notavailable throughout theresidency period.

11




Sampling Method:Stratified Proportionate Random Sampling

Total number of houses: 1092Sample size: 178 housesStrata: Suburban housing (60%), rural housing (40%)Sample frame for each strata:

Suburban (107/655 houses)Rural (71/437 houses)

Systematic random sampling was used to select the intervalswithin each strata of the populationInterval of Suburban Area (655/107) = 6.1 ≈ every 6 th Interval of Rural Area (437/71) = 6.2 ≈ every 6 th

12




Methods of Data Collection:- Structured Interview based on the questionnaires (Form B and C)

provided by the secretariat of CFCS.- Observation of the subjects’ height, weight, waist and hip

measurements using the appropriate tools.Research Tools:1. Questionnaires

- Form B: Family Profile- Form C: Individual Profile

2. Measuring Tape (to measure the height and waist & hipcircumferences)

3. Weighing Scale (to measure the weight)

13




Data Management & Analysis:

Data Entry:- SPSS Version 21.0

Descriptive Statistics:- Numerical data (mean & standard deviation)- Categorical data (frequency & percentage)

14



[4] Results of Survey Form B: Family Profile

B1 Socioeconomic StatusB2 Health-related

Practices

B3 Utilization of Health

ServicesB4 Health & Social

Problems AmongTeenagers & Adults

15



Figure 1 Monthly Household Income of Villagersin Kok Lanas [n=178] 16



Figure 3 Number of Bedrooms in Each Household [n = 178]18



Figure 4 Type of Household Appliances in Each Household[n=178]

Each selection is non-mutually exclusive

19



Figure 5 Type of Water Supply of Each Household[n = 178]


20





Practices




21



Bo led water,24.2%

Boiled water,84.3%

Raw water,11.8%

Figure 6 Type of Drinking Water of Each Household[n=178]

22

Table 1 Garbage Management of Each Household



Dustbin Availability in Kitchen Frequency Percentage (%)

Available 171 96.1

Not available 7 3.9

Frequency of Emptying the Dustbin Frequency Percentage (%)

Once a day 127 74.3

Twice a day 24 14.0

Once in 2 days or more 20 11.7Method of Garbage Disposal Frequency Percentage (%)

Open burning 34 19.1

Buried 1 0.6

Open disposal 3 1.7

River or drain disposal 8 4.5

Majlis daerah 129 72.5

Recycled 3 1.7

Table 1 Garbage Management of Each Household[n = 178]

23



Types of Toilet (n=178) Frequency Percentage (%)

Septic / Flush toilet 135 75.8

Pour toilet 42 23.6

Pit toilet 1 0.6

Distance from Septic Tank to Well, in m (n=85) Frequency Percentage (%)

1- 10m 39 45.9

11- 20m 25 29.4

21- 50m 18 21.2

More than 50m 3 3.5

Household Usage of Toilet (n=178) Frequency Percentage (%)

Every member uses toilet 176 98.9Not every member uses toilet 2 1.1

Table 2 Waste Management of Each Household [n=178]

24



Figure 7 Sewage Management System of Each Household[n = 178]

77.0%

23.0%

Drainage System

Yes

No

65.2%

34.8%

Sanitary

Yes

No

25



Figure 8 Frequency of Buying Food Outside per Weekby Each Household [n=178]

26



Refrigerator57.3%

Withoutrefrigerator

41.6%

Throw away1.1%

Figure 9 Method of Keeping Leftover Food by EachHousehold [n=178]

27



Figure 10 Types of Animals Reared by Each Household[n = 178]

Each animal reared is non-mutually exclusive

28

Each selection is non mutually exclusive



Figure 11 Types of Pests in Each Household[n = 178]


29



Figure 12 Pest Control Methods Used in Each Household[n = 178]


30





Practices




31

bl 3 ili i f d d di i l S i



Type of Service Use of the service

(%) Visit 1-5 times (%)

Government Hospital 17.9 15.1

Government Clinic 55.1 46.1

Private Hospital 6.4 5.0

Private Clinic 26.3 23.0

Pharmacy 39.1 32.6

Sundry / Retailer 35.3 15.7

Bomoh / Sinseh 3.2 2.2 Homeopathy Clinic 1.3 1.1

Other (Supermarket) 1.3 1.1

Table 3 Utilization of Modern and Traditional Servicesin the Past 3 Months to Buy Medication [n = 178]

32





Practices




33

Each social problem is non-mutually exclusive



Figure 13 Reports of Social Problems among LocalTeenagers (12-17 years old) in the Past 12 Months [n=178]

34

Domestic violence and physical abuse are non-mutually exclusive



Figure 14 Reports of Domestic Violence & Physical AbuseIn the Past 12 Months [n=178]

35



[4] Results of Survey Form C: Individual Profile

C1 Socio-demographicsC2 Anthropometric Status

C3 Occupational Profile

C4 Medical Health

ProblemsC5 Dental & Oral Health

C6 Smoking & Exercise

C7 Women’s Health &

Breastfeeding

36



• The total number of respondents involved in this survey is641 people.

• Among all 641 respondents:

- 96.7% were Malay, 2% were Chinese, 0.3% were Thai and0.9% were from other ethnics.

- 96.7% were Muslims, 2.2% were Buddhists, 0.5% wereChristians and 0.6% were from other religions.

- Male population: 47.1% (302 people)

- Female population : 52.9% (339 people).

Socio-demographics

37

Infant (<1)Geriatric ( ≥ 65)5%

Infant (<1 year old)



2%

Toddler (1 ≤ x<5)9%

Child (5 ≤ x<12)12%

Adolescent(12 ≤ x<18)

13%

Adult (18 ≤ x<65)59%

5% = 2% (n=13)

Toddler (1 ≤ x < 5) = 9% (n=59)

Child (5 ≤ x < 12 years old)= 12% (n=77)

Adolescent (12 ≤ x < 18) = 13% (n=80)

Adult (18 ≤ x < 65 years old)= 59% (n=380)

Geriatric (≥ 65 years old andabove) (defined by NCBI)= 5.0% (n=32)

Figure 15 Distribution of Respondents By Age Group[n=641]

38



Table 4 Distribution of Highest Education Level Among Adults(≥ 18 years old ) [n =412]

Education Level Frequency Percentage (%)

Not schooling 29 7.0

Primary 62 15.0 Secondary 260 63.1

Tertiary 61 14.8

Total 412 100.0

39



Marital Status (Adult) Frequency Percentage (%)

Single 75 18.2

Married 315 76.5

Widow/Widower 22 5.3

Total 412 100.0

Table 5 Marital Status of Respondents ( ≥ 18 years old )[n = 412]

40






C4 Medical Health




Breastfeeding

41

Table 6 Body Mass Index of Respondents (≥ 18 years old)



BMI ClassificationFrequency Percentage (%)

Male Female Total Male Female Average

< 18.50 Underweight 15 16 31 8.0 7.1 7.5

18.50-24.99 Normal weight 96 92 188 51.3 40.9 45.6

25.00-29.99 Pre-obese 55 73 128 29.4 32.4 31.1

≥ 30.00 Obese 21 44 65 11.2 19.6 15.8

Total 187 225 412 100

Table 6 Body Mass Index of Respondents (≥ 18 years old)[n = 412]

Adapted from WHO International Classification of BMI (valid for Asians)(http://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html)

42






C4 Medical Health




Breastfeeding

44



Figure 18 Level of Activity of Employed Adults ( ≥ 18 years old)[n = 181]

Strenous Work56%

Non-StrenousWork44%

46

Each health complaint is non-mutually exclusive



Figure 19 Major Health Complaints at Workplace by EmployedAdults (≥ 18 years old) [n = 181]

47






C4 Medical Health




Breastfeeding

48

Table

7

Chronic Diseases Among Respondents and Family

History of Such Conditions

[n=641]



Chronic Diseasesof Respondents

Percentage (%) Family History ofChronic Diseases

Percentage (%)

Diabetes 7.0 Diabetes 18.6Hypertension 10.3 Hypertension 21.2

Asthma 8.1 Asthma 13.4

Heart Disease 1.7 Heart Disease 6.4

Stroke 1.1 Stroke 2.7Tuberculosis (TB) 0.5 Tuberculosis (TB) 1.6

PhysicallyHandicapped

0.9 PhysicallyHandicapped

2.0

Other Conditions:

- Allergy- Gout- Cancer

5.8 Other Conditions:

- Allergy- Gout- Cancer

5.8

Each condition is non-mutually exclusive49

Table

8

Medical Problems of Respondents in the



Table 8 Medical Problems of Respondents in thePast 2 Months [n = 641]

Medical Problems faced in Last 2 Months Percentage (%)

Diarrhea 4.7

Cough (more than 2 weeks) 8.0

Fever 23.7

Flu 25.3Other Problems- Vomiting- Sore Throat- Chest Pain

3.3

Each medical problem is non-mutually exclusive

50

T bl

9

M di l P bl A Child



Table 9 Medical Problems Among Children(< 6 Years) [n = 85]

Medical Problems Faced by Child Percentage (%)

Cough at night 13.6

Wheezing/noisy breathing 3.9

Ear Discharge 1.0

Flu 22.3

Sputum early in the morning 6.8

Throat problem/hoarseness 1.0

Each medical problem is non-mutually exclusive

51

F C I di id l P fil






C4 Medical Health



C7 Women’s Health &Breastfeeding

52

90

100 Each oral problem is non-mutually exclusive



18.1 17.212.8

3.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Oral problems (in thelast 6 months)

Need dentures Not comfortable whenchewing

Chew betel nuts

PercentageofRespondents(%)

Oral Problems

Figure 20 Oral Problems Among Respondents [n = 624]53

Table 10 Brushing of Teeth & Dental Visits



Variables Frequency Percentages (%)

Frequency of Brushing Teeth per Day (n =624)• Once• Twice• When necessary

8645781

13.873.213.0

• Gargle or Brush After Eating (n=641) 337 52.6

• Gargle or Brush Before Sleep (n=641) 428 66.8

Frequency of Dental Visits (n=624)• Never• Once in 6 months• Once in a year• When necessary or pain only

1097125

419

17.511.44.0

67.1

Each variable is non-mutually exclusive

54

[ ] l f Form C: Individual Profile






C4 Medical Health




55



Figure 21 Smoking Status of Respondents (≥ 12 years old) [n = 492]

56



Figure 22 Number of Cigarettes Smoked per Day Among Respondents(≥12 years old) *n=108+

57



Figure 23 Money Spent on Cigarettes per Day (RM) byRespondents ( ≥12 years old) [n = 108]

58



Figure 24 Factors that Influenced Respondents to start smoking(≥12 years old) [n=108]

59

Friends/peers68.5%

Parents, 0.9%

Siblings, 1.9%

Other familymembers, 5.6%

Other factors23.1%

Each physical activity is non-mutually exclusive



Figure 25 Physical Activities in the Past Week Among Adults(≥18 years old) *n = 412+

60







C4 Medical Health




61

Table 11 Health Practice for Adult Women



Women’s Health Practice Frequency Percentage (%)

Pap smear 131 58.2

Breast self examination 131 58.2

Family planning 66 29.3

Dental checkup during pregnancy 120 53.3

Table 11 Health Practice for Adult Women(≥ 18 years old) (n=225)

Each method is non-mutually exclusive

62



Figure 26 Breastfeeding by Childbearing Women[n=153]

63



Figure 27 Number of Gravida of Married Women[n = 167]

64



Figure 28 Number of Parity of Married Women[n = 167]

65



Figure 29 Number of Abortions of Married Women[n = 168]

66



[5] Discussion5.1 Household Background

5.2 Medical HealthProblems

5.3 Women’s Health

5.4 Smoking

5.5 Accidents & PhysicalInjury

68



5.1 Household BackgroundOf Households in Kok Lanas

69

Household background(Income)



(Income)

Absolute poverty in the country is measured based on the Poverty Line Income(PLI). The PLI takes into account the minimum requirements for food,clothing, shelter, and other regular expenditures that are necessary tomaintain a decent standard of living in a household.

The monthly household income, as defined by the Ministry of Women, Family& Community Development in 2010 for Peninsular Malaysia:- extreme poor (≤ RM440 per month)

- poor (≤ RM750 per month)

- low- income (≤ RM 2,000 per month)

(http://www.pemandu.gov.my/gtp/upload/999afc34-141a-4c5c-801f-45701389df74.pdf )

70

According to Malaysia's Chief Statistician, Dr Abdul Rahman Hasan:The average household income in Kelantan in 2012 is RM3 168

http://www.pemandu.gov.my/gtp/upload/999afc34-141a-4c5c-801f-45701389df74.pdf














The average household income in Kelantan in 2012, is RM3,168.http://www.nst.com.my/opinion/columnist/average-household-income-in-kelantan-still-low-1.351654

Our study in Kok Lanas suggests that the average monthly householdincome here is lower (RM 1807.03).

Based on our findings, about 66% of households in Kok Lanas earn less

than RM 2,000 per month.The majority of villagers are either unemployed or self-employed,which could be the reason of low income. Approximately 71.9% ofwomen and 24.7% of men are unemploy ed, while 10.4% of women and38.0% of men are self-employed.

71

http://www.nst.com.my/opinion/columnist/average-household-income-in-kelantan-still-low-1.351654




















Issues Analysis of Group H Study Comparison References

Body Mass Index(age ≥ 18 years old)

• 7.5% underweight Lower • 8.5% underweight(NHMS III 2006)



(age ≥ 18 years old)

• 31.1% pre-obese

• 15.8% obese

Higher

Higher

(NHMS III, 2006)

• 29.1% overweight

(NHMS III, 2006)

• 14.0% obese(NHMS III, 2006)

Waist to Hip Ratio(age ≥ 18 years old)

• 48.4% adult females > 0.85

• 4.8% adult male >1.00

Higher

Lower

• 26.0% adult females>0.85

(NHMS III,2006)

• 7.3% adult males >1.00(NHMS III, 2006)

Diabetes Mellitus • 7.0% respondents Lower • 11.6% Malaysian AdultPopulation

(NHMS III, 2006)

Hypertension • 10.3% respondents Lower • 32.2% Malaysian AdultPopulation

(NHMS III, 2006)

73



Issues Analysis of Group H Study Comparison References

B f di 80 0% i hild l h L Fi 12 h 94 7%



Breastfeeding • 80.0% in children less than12 months old

Lower • First 12 months 94.7%(NHMS III, 2006)

Pap SmearExamination

• 58.2% female respondents Higher • 43.7% Malaysian female(NHMS, 2006)

Breast SelfExamination (BSE)

• 58.2% female respondents Higher • 57.1% Malaysian female(NHMS III, 2006)

Family PlanningPractice

• 29.3% female respondents Lower • 52.3% Malaysian female(Lembaga Pembanguna

Keluarga Negara LPPKN)

75



5.5 Accidents & Physical InjuryAmong Residents in Kok Lanas

76



Conclusion



The top 5 medical problems in Kok Lanas that we identified were:

1. Back Pain (27.1%)

2. Obesity (15.8%)

3. Hypertension (10.3%)

4. Asthma (8.1%)

5. Diabetes Mellitus (7.0%)

From these, we decided to select back pain as our communitydiagnosis because its prevalence was more than double that of thenational prevalence among adults.

78



Introduction



Back: Posterior part of the trunk from the neck to the pelvisPain: A more or less localized sensation of discomfort, distress oragony resulting from the stimulation of specialized nerve endings

(Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary 31 st Edition)

The major risk factors for back pain are:1) aging (usually >30 years old)

2) overweight

3) lack of exercise

4) occupational hazards , such as repeating bending and lifting andlong hours of standing or sitting(News-Medical Net; Dr Ananya Mandal, 2013)

80

Summary of Community Profile



The community diagnosis is based on the findings from the study wecarried out during Residency 1 in Kok Lanas.

Total Respondents =641 Adults = 412/641

Employed withback pain = 49/181

(27.1%)

Unemployed with backpain = 51/231

(22.1%)

81

Rationale



1. There is a high prevalence of back pain problems among theemployed residents of Kok Lanas, which is 27.1% . This is higher thanthe national prevalence rate of back pains, which is only 11.6%.

(Veerapen et. al , A COPCORD Study on Musculoskeletal Pains in Malaysia; 2007)

2. Most of our adult residents hold occupations like office workers andmanual workers which put them at risk of suffering from severe backpains that can be highly detrimental to health.

3. A high number of Kok Lanas adult residents also do not practice any

form of exercise (43.6%) which can lead to back pains.(based on our survey results)

82

Rationale (cont.)



4. The back pain prevalence rate among the public in United States is24.6%

(Deyo RA et. al , Back pain prevalence and visit rates: estimates from U.S. national surveys; 2002)

5. A few cross sectional studies conducted in the past few years showedhigh prevalence of back pain among:

commercial vehicle drivers (60.4%)

(Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin et. al , The Association between Risk Factors and Low Back Pain among

Commercial Vehicle Drivers in Peninsular Malaysia; 2007)

83

Rationale (cont.)



health care providers in Sibu Hospital, Malaysia (72.5%)

(Wong et. al , Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Low Back Pain Among Health CareProviders in a District Hospital; 2010)

batik workers in Kelantan (75.4%)

(Razlan Musa, Work-Related Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Batik Workers in Kelantan;1998)

dental personnel (44.9%)

(Razan Abdul Samat et. al , Prevalence and Associated Factors if Back Pain among DentalPersonnel In North-Eastern State of Malaysia; 2011)

84

Objectives



General objectives :

To study the prevalence, level of knowledge, attitude andpractice (KAP) score of back pain and its associated factorsamong residents of Kok Lanas.

85

Objectives (cont.)



Specific objectives:

1. To determine the prevalence of back pain among residents of KokLanas.

2. To determine the level of knowledge on back pain among the

residents in Kok Lanas.

3. To determine the attitudes of residents in Kok Lanas towards backpain.

4. To determine whether the residents of Kok Lanas are practicingergonomic daily routines.

5. To determine the associated factors of back pain.86

Methodology



Study Design: Cross Sectional Study

Study Area: Kok Lanas, Ketereh, Kelantan

Study Period: 1 st -5 th October 2013

Study Population: All adult residents of Kok Lanas

Inclusion Criteria:All the adult residents aged 18 and above.

Permanent residents who agree to participate.

Exclusion CriteriaThose who cannot be contacted throughout the residency

Mentally-ill respondent87



Sample size calculation for prevalence ofadults with back pain

Andrew M.B, Joanne E.J, Rachelle B, et al, Individuals with chronic lowback pain have greater difficulty in engaging in positive lifestyle

behaviors than those without back pain: An assessment of healthliteracy (2011), page 6 of 10, table 3

88

Sample Size CalculationSample size is calculated using the single proportion formula:

z é ù2



The objective is to determine the sample size to obtain a confidence interval of95%. Therefore Z α = 1.96 (95% CI)The precision is estimated to be 10%. Therefore, Δ = 0.1

Thus, n = 125 adult respondents are required

n =

ëê ûú * P (1 P )

Domain for risk factorof back pain

Prevalence(%)

Sample size (n) (n) + expected drop-out rate (30%)

Prevalence of back pain 24.6 71 93

Good knowledge 48.6 96 125

Good attitude 45.2 95 124

Good practice 43.2 94 123

89



Sample size calculation for proportion ofadults with obesity and back pain

Mohamud WN, Musa KI, Khir AS , et al, Prevalence of overweightand obesity among adult Malaysians: an update. (2011), Internet

Communication at 12.39am fromhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393108

90

Sample Size CalculationSample size is calculated using the two proportion { Pocock’s ) formula:

n = P

1 (1 P 1 ) + P

0 (1 P 0 )

( P P )2 z + z ë

ùû

2



Type I error is taken to be 0.05. Therefore Z α = 1.96 (95% CI)Type II error is taken to be 0.80. Therefore Z β = 0.84Proportion of obesity among general adult population, P 0 = 19.5% = 0.195, takenfrom previous study.Proportion of obesity among adults with back pain, P 1 = 40% 0.40, based on

researcher’s opinion.

Thus, n = 192 adult respondents are required to estimate the proportion of adults withobesity who also suffer back pain.

( P 1

P 0 )

CalculationMethod

Sample size, n,per group

Non-response (30%) Total Sample (x2)

Using theformula

= n= 74

= n x 0.30= 30Total (after consider non response)= 74+22=96

n x 2 = 96 x 2= 192

91

Sampling Methods:By using random sampling methods and by using SPSS Statisticsversion 21 0



version 21.0.

Sampling unit = house(since around 200 adults are needed for our sample size, we assumethere are 2 adults in each household, hence we will require 100houses)

Sampling interval:

Total houses = 1092Needed houses = 100Interval is calculated by 1092/100 ≈ every 10 th house

92

Research Tools:A structured interviewer guided questionnaire will be prepared by emphasizing on1. socio-demography (such as, age, gender, marital status, races, education level)2. occupational background (such as, shift work, working hours etc)3. medical history (such as, smoking status, previous injury etc)



93

y ( , g , p j y )4. questions about back pain (such as, frequency, severity and location of pain etc)

5. attitude (such as, preventive measures, injury management etc)It has 5 rating scores ranged from strongly agree to strongly disagree, scoring willbe given range from 1 to 5 depending on the positivity of the statement.

6. knowledge, (such as, knowledge on causes of pain, posture and exercise etc)The score has 3 rating of Yes, No and Do Not Know. Score will be given rangebetween 0 to 2 depending on the question.

7. behavior or practice toward back pain. (such as, daily routines that can cause backpain etc)It consists of 3 possible answer range from the worst to best choice with scoringof 0 to 2 respectively.

5, 6 and 7 will be summed and categorized into good and poor level based on 75%score as the cut off point.

(Phase validated by comprehension and language using 100 sample questionnaires)

Data Analysis



Data Entry:- SPSS Version 21.0

Descriptive Statistics:- Numerical data (mean & standard deviation)- Categorical data (frequency & percentage)

Data analysis will be conducted using Chi Square, FisherExact Test, Independent t Test and One-way ANOVA.

Tables, graphs, bar charts and pie charts will be used to presentthe data.

94

Dummy table on Socio-demographicFactors of Residents aged ≥ 18



Factors Frequency(%)

Mean (SD) Median (IQR)

Age

Sex

Race

Occupation

95

Table 1 : Socio-demographic characteristics of respondents (n=200)

Dummy Chart on Prevalence of Back Painamong Residents aged ≥ 18



Yes50%

No50%

96

Figure 1 : Prevalence of back pain among villagers of Kok Lanas (n=200)

Dummy Table on Knowledge aboutBack Pain among Residents aged ≥ 18



Frequency (%)

Yes No Do not know

Knowledge

Mean (SD) total score of knowledgeFrequency (%) of good and poor knowledge

97

Table 2: Responses on knowledge questions of respondents (n=200)

Dummy Table on Attitude towards Back painamong Residents aged ≥ 18



Frequency (%)

Stronglyagree

Agree Neutral Disagree Stronglydisagree

Attitude

Mean (SD) total score of attitudeFrequency (%) of good and poor attitude

98

Table 3: Responses on attitude among respondents (n=200)



Dummy Table on Factors Associated with Back Painamong Residents aged ≥ 18



100

Table 5: Factors associated with back pain among respondents ofKok Lanas (n=200)

CriteriaFrequency of back pain

(%)P value

Yes NoAge

Sex

Occupation

Knowledge

Attitude

Practice

Gantt Chart



Week 8(29/9/2013-5/10/2013) Week 9(6-10/10/2013)

Preparation for Residency 2

Community Residency 2(data collection)

Data entry and data analysis

Preparation for PowerPoint

Presentation on community diagnosisand intervention for Residency 3,4

Preparation for residency 3

Writing report

101

REFERENCES



1. National Health and Morbidity Survey III (Vol II), 2006

2. Ministry of Health (MOH), Health Facts, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2008

3. Ministry of Health (MOH), Oral Health Division, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2004

4. Lembaga Pembangunan Perancang Keluarga dan Negara (LPPKN), 25September 2011, http://www.lppkn.com.my

5. Department of Statistic Malaysia, 25 September 2011,http://www.stat.gov.my

6. Ministry of Women, Family and Community De velopment, NKRA LowHousehold Income, http://www.kpwkm.gov.my

102

REFERENCES (cont.)

http://www.stat.gov.my/


http://www.kpwkm.gov.my/










8. Noor Sa ’ adah Bachok, Journal of Acceptance and knowledge of familyplanning among Muslim women in rural villages of Kelantan, 2007, Page 3

9. Asmani R & Aziah D, Pap Smear Screening Among Women inMukim Jaya Setia, Kelantan, Malaysia Journal of Public Health

Medicine 2007.

10. T O Lim, Z Morad, Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment andControl of Hypertension in the Malaysian Adult Population, 2004.

11. Verapeen, et .al : Musculoskeletal Pain in Malaysia: A COPCORD Survey(2007)

103

References (cont.)



12. Razlan M., Win Kyi, Rampal K.G., Work-Related MusculoskeletalSymptoms Among Batik Workers in Kelantan (2000)

13. Deyo RA, Mirza SK, Martin BI. Back pain prevalence and visit rates: estimatesfrom U.S. national surveys, 2002. Department of Medicine, University of

Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. [email protected]

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Thank YouBy CFCS Group H Session 2012-2014

r1 presentation 4.0

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