Rat Lab Review

When you study the rat lab organs and functions think about analogous organs in the other animals we looked at (e.g., what has a similiar function as the rat lung in: earthworms, dugesia, roach, starfish,... )

Think about "trace the path of" O2, food, nitrogenous waste, gametes,... through the animals to remember the organs involved and their functions

Draw a cladogram with traits and group names

also:parazoa

also collagen

also:tissues, 2 or more germ layers

also: three germ layers

choanoctes

cnidocytes

pseudocoelom lostcoelom

Ignore Porifera, Cnideria, Echinodermata, and Mollusca this semester

•What is the pathway of food from mouth to anus?

•What digestive juices are made in the liver?•What digestive juices are made in the pancreas?•What organ stores the bile in rats?

•What is the pathway of sperm from the testis?

•What are the glands that produce fluid into the ejaculatory duct?

•What are the three organ in the immune system and their function?

•What is the pathway of food from mouth to anus? Mouth ->pharynx Esophagus Stomach Pyloric Sphincter Small Intestine (Duodenum Jujunem Ilium) Large Intestine (Caecum Colon Rectum) Anus

•What digestive juices are made in the liver? Bile goes into the duodenum•What digestive juices are made in the pancreas? Bicarbonates neutralize acid chyme + enzymes•What organ stores the bile in rats? None! Gal bladder in humans only

•What is the pathway of sperm from the testis? Testes (Seminiferous tubules)Epididymus (Caput -> Corpus Cauda) Vas Deferens Ejaculatory Duct Urethra

•What are the glands that produce fluid into the ejaculatory duct?•Prostate- anti-coagulatings, viscousity, citrate•Seminal Vesicle- fructose for NRG•Coagulating gland- viscousity•Bulbourethral gland- viscousity (mucus)•Preputial gland- lubrication

•What are the three organ in the immune system and their function?•Lymph nodes- filters interstitial fluid•Spleen- exposes blood to white flood cells and destroys red blood cells•Thymus- T-lymphocyte maturation

phreomones! present in rat; not present in human

•What is the pathway of blood starting from the vena cava?

•What covers the heart?

•What is the pathway of air starting from the mouth?

•What two membranes covers the lungs?

•What is the pathway of waste in the excretory system?

•Where is the cortex and the medula distinguish in the kidney?

•What is the pathway of blood starting from the vena cava? Vena cava RightAtrium Tricuspid Right Ventricle Pulmonary Valve Pulmonary Artery

Lungs Pulmonary Vein Left Atrium Bicupsid Valve Left Ventricle Aortic Valve Aorta Arteries Capillaries Veins Vena cava

•What covers the heart? pericardium

•What is the pathway of air starting from the mouth? Mouth Pharynx Larynx Trachea Lungs with: Brochi Bronchioles Aveoli)

•What two membranes covers the lungs? Visceral and Parietal Plura

•What is the pathway of waste in the excretory system? Renal artery GlomeruliBowman capsul proximal tubule Loop of Henle Distal Tube Collecting Duct Renal Pelvis Ureter Bladder Urethra

•Where is the cortex and the medula distinguished in the kidney? glomerulai and Bowman capsules are only in the cortexmedulla has mainly tubules (collecting ducts and loops of Henle)

Lymph nodes

Submaxillary Gland

Parotid Duct

Lacrymal Gland

Parotid Gland

facial nerve not visible

(lateral to parotid duct)

Thymus

Lungs

Heart

Diaphragm

HeartLung Liver

Small Intestine Caecum

Large IntestineColon with fecal pellet

Thymus Fat + Pancreasarrow points to fat!!!!!pancreas is pink just "on top"

ovary

spleenuterus

Uterus!oviductis a white coiled structure connecting the ovary with the oviduct. The arrow points to the anterior tip of the uterus!!!

Thoracic and Abdominal

How can you tell which is the right or left side of this structure?

How can you tell which is the right or left side of this structure?

Left ventricle wall is thicker

Frog duodenum (smooth muscle)

Skeletal muscle (note: striations should be visible in l.s.; polynuclear since cells fused)

Kidney (Note cortex vs. medulla; glomeruli/bowman capsules, how do tubules appear in cs. Vs ls.?)

Muscle tissue (c.s.)

Frog duodenum (smooth muscle) Skeletal muscle

(note: striations should be visible in l.s.; polynuclear since cells fused)

Kidney (Note cortex vs. medulla; glomeruli/bowman capsules, how do tubules appear in cs. Vs ls.?)

Muscle tissue (c.s.)

kidney is shown at bottom right

skeletal muscle (l.s;)

+villi, peritoneum,...

Striated muscle l.s. c.s.

Small intestine c.s.

Cat kidney c.s.

Mammal slidesPhylum Chordata, Class Vertebrata

Striated muscle l.s. c.s.

Small intestine c.s.

Cat kidney c.s.

Tunicate (sea squirt)Phylum , Class Urochordata

Tunicate (sea squirt)Phylum Chordata, Class Urochordata

LanceletPhylum Chordata, Class Cephalochordata

Cephalochordata

LanceletPhylum Chordata, Class Cephalochordata

Cephalochordata