tcO ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)4(1 ;1102 ceD 22 - 72

letaP .M rasnA )4(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te 22

hcraeseR elcitrA

fo noitaulavE citsongocamrahP dna lacimehcotyhP acidni anirhtyrE .nniL.sevaeL

letaP .M rasnA* 1 ittebruK .M hsotnaS , 2 .R , V . idavaS 3, .N yajiV ejaR 4.

.1 ,ralohcS hcraeseR ,unuhjnuhJ ,ytisrevinU alawerbiT lamrabahJ dasarphsidgaJ irhSnahtsajaR - aidnI ,arthsarahaM ,100333 .

.2 egelloC MGS ,yrtsimehcotyhP dna ysongocamrahP fo .tpeD o ,noagahaM ycamrahP f,jalgnihdaG .aidnI ,arthsarahaM ,rupahloK

.3 fo egelloC ilavaG dnivrA ,lapicnirP .aidnI ,arthsarahaM ,arataS ,ycamrahP

.4 .aidnI ,arthsarahaM ,arataS ,bmiL ,ycamrahP fo egelloC SEG ,lapicnirP

:sdrowyeK

,eaecabeF ,acidni anirhtyrE ,senicidem lanoitidarT

,sninnaT lacimehcotyhP

tcO 22 devieceR 1102 1102 voN 91 mrof desiver ni devieceR

1102 voN 82 detpeccA

C rof rohtuA* :ecnednopserro letaP .M rasnA

lamrabahJ dasarphsidgaJ irhS ,ytisrevinU alawerbiT

nahtsajaR ,unuhjnuhJ - .aidnI ,100333 E- :liam .moc.liamffider@7002letaprasna

:TCARTSBA anirhtyrE acidni )eaecabeF( nniL muidem a si - ,dezis

m 72 ot gniworg yllamron eert suoudiced ,ynips,llat aidnI fo strap ynam dna lagneB ni dnuof

.aidnI nrehtuos ni yllaicepse saw yduts tnerruc ehTcitsongocamrahP etisiuqer edivorp ot tuo deirrac eht nI .tnalp eht tuoba sliated lacimehcotyhp dna eht dewohs sevael eht ,seiduts cipocsorcim edasilap ,seldnub ralucsav ,semohcirt fo ecneserp latot ehT .atamots citycarap dna amyhcnelloc ,sllec

retaw ,hsa elbulosni dica ,hsa - dna hsa elbulos hsa detaflus ,%3.0±0.2 ,%2.0±1.5 ot devresbo erew

,elbulos retaW .ylevitcepser %0.6 dna %2.0±9.2 elbulos rehte muelortep dna elbulos lohocla ,%1.1±81 eb ot dnuof erew seulav evitcartxe erutsioM .ylevitcepser %9.0±7 dna %0.1±11

eird ehT .%0.2±8.3 eb ot dnuof saw tnetnoc fael d gnisu noitcartxe telhxos rof detcejbus saw redwop

.retaw dna lonahte sevael fo tcartxe suoeuqa ehT ,sdiolaklA ,sedisocylG fo ecneserp eht delaever ,sninopaS ,snietorP ,sninnaT ,setardyhobraC elihw ,sdnuopmoC cilonehP dna ,sdionovalF

tcartxe lonahte fo ecneserp eht dewohs sevael fo ,sdioretS ,snietorP ,sninopaS ,sdionovalF ,sdiolaklA

.sdnuopmoc cilonehP dna ,sninnaT ,setardyhobraC

tcO ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)4(1 ;1102 ceD 22 - 72

letaP .M rasnA )4(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te 32

NOITCUDORTNI anirhtyrE acidni ]1[ sa nwonk ylnommoc si

ni eert laroc laciporT ro eert laroc naidnI ni ardahbiraP ,ihtaraM ni aragnaP ,hsilgnE

& tirksnaS aradnaM idniH ni . ehT sevael era02 a htiw etannip mc eloitep eerht dna

02 ot pu telfael hcae ,stelfael dna gnol mc ro telracs fo sretsulc esned sah tI .daorb

nosmirc f srewol kcalb dna sdees . srewolF thgirb esned ni ,sehcnarb sselfael no der

,5 slateP ,5 slapeS .semecar tuotssnematS .alloroc suoecanoilipap ,01

eno yravO .retrohs dna regnol yletanretlanam ,dellec deluvo y ]2[ . dna smets gnuoY

tuots htiw demra ylkciht era sehcnarb kraB .gnol mm 8 ot pu senips lacinoc gnitailofxe ,gnuoy nehw neerg dna htooms dna ykroc ,kciht gnimoceb ,sekalf yrepap ni fo strap tnereffiD .ega htiw derussif ylpeed

art ni desu era tnalp a sa senicidem lanoitid ,aimlahtpo ni ,muirylloc ,evitades enivren

itna - dna citpesitna ,citpelipeitna ,scitamhtsa revil ,revef ni desu si kraB .tnegnirtsa na sa

msitamuehr dna tnemlia ]4,3[ eciuj fael ehT . etsap faeL .seros dna sdnuow laeh ot desu

deilppa toor ehT .elttac ni niap ralucsum rof nA .ytivitca laiborcimitna ssessop tcartxe yortsed ot dias noitaraperp naidnI .niap tnioj eveiler dna setisarap cinegohtap yenoh htiw dexim si sevael eht morf eciuJ mrowdnuor ,mrowepat llik ot detsegni dna

erht dna mrowda .]5[

SLAIRETAM SDOHTEM DNA tnalp fo sevael ehT acidni anirhtyrE erew

rupahloK fo tekram lacol morf derucorp ysongocamrahP ruo ni detacitnehtua dna fo nemiceps rehcuov a dna tnemtrapeD

hP - .devreserp si 21 ylesraoc deird riA detcartxe saw lairetam tnalp deredwop dna noitarecam yb srh 84 rof retaw htiw

htiw 59( lonahte telhxos gnisu )%4 rof sutarappa - stcartxe eht htoB .srh 5

eht rof desu dna detartnecnoc erew .seiduts lacimehcotyhp

tnemurtsnI dna slacimehC s dna egats ,adicuL aremaC ,epocsorciM

,retemorcim eceipeye ssalg ,sedils revoc

nommoc rehto dna ssalg hctaw ,spils dna sutarappa cisab eht erew erawssalg .yduts eht rof desu stnemurtsni ,nirecylG ,loniculgorolhP .ziv stnegaeR

lhC ,lCH dna ninarfaS ,etardyh laro .desu erew cte edixordyh muidoS

:seidutS citsongocamrahP noitaulavE lacigolohproM :

suoirav noitaulave lacigolohprom eht nI ,roloc sa hcus sretcarahc citpelonagrO erew epahs & ezis ,etsat ,ruodo

. denimreted f cipocsorcam ehT fo serutae fo sevael hserf eht acidni .E erew

.C .rD fo sdohtem eht gnisu denimreted .K etakoK .]6[

noitaulavE lacipocsorciM : fo noitces esrevsnarT acidni anirhtyrE

:sevael dna birdim eht hguorht gnissap fael fo .S.T htiw deniats neht nekat saw animal detnuom , lCH .cnoC dna loniculgorolhP a rednu devresbo dna nirecylg htiw noitacifitnedi rof epocsorcim dnuopmoc ,melyx ekil serutcurts lanretni fo ,llec lamredipe ,sllec edasilap ,meolhp

atamots & semohcirt ]7[ . :noitagitsevni evitatitnauQ

fael evitatitnauQ ot ypocsorcim atamots ,rebmun atamots enimreted telniev dna rebmun telsi niev ,xedni no tuo deirrac erew rebmun noitanimret eht ot gnidrocca spirts lamredipe

tuo sdohtem - .K lawlednahK yb denil .R ]8[ .A .M ragneyI dna ]9[ .

ehT sa hcus tnatsnoc lacimehcocisyhpdica ,hsa latot fo egatnecrep - elbulosni

hsa elbulos retaw ,hsa , dna lohocla ,retaw dna sevitcartxe elbulos rehte muelortep eht rep sa detaluclac erew gniyrd no ssol

senilediug OHW ]01[ . :noitagitsevni lacimehcotyhP

auq ehT eht htob rof stset lacimehc evitatil erew stcartxe cilonahte dna suoeuqa enrobraH yb debircsed sa tuo deirrac

)8991( 11[ ,] )7991( snavE dna esaerT ]21[ .

tcO ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)4(1 ;1102 ceD 22 - 72

letaP .M rasnA )4(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te 42

yradnoces suoiraV hcus setilobatem sa ,setardyhobraC ,sdiolaklA ,sedisocylG

,snietorP ,sninnaT ,sdionovalF ,sninopaS devresbo erew sdnuopmoC cilonehP dna fo tcartxe lonahte elihw stcartxe .qa ni ,sdiolaklA fo ecneserp eht dewohs sevael ,sdioretS ,snietorP ,sninopaS ,sdionovalF cilonehP dna ,sninnaT ,setardyhobraC

.sdnuopmoc

TLUSER S NOISSUCSID DNA M tnalp fo serutaef lacigolohpro anirhtyrE

acidni ,etailofirt era sevaeL taht swohs21 gnivah etanretla - 11 dna mc 81 - mc 02

, htooms si ecafrus ,gnol si eloitep ,ezis ni neerg dlareme thgirb si simredipe reppu hsiwolley si simredipe rewol ,roloc ni

erg ruodo citsiretcarahc htiw roloc ni ne .etsat ni rettib ylthgils dna

1 elbaT lacigolohproM retcarahC anirhtyrE fo sevaeL fo I .nniL acidn

.oN .rS serutaeF noitavresbO 1 )ecafrus reppU ( roloC neerg dlaremE thgirB 2 )ecafruS rewoL( roloC neerg hsiwolleY 3 ruodO citsiretcarahC 4 epahS etailofirT 5 eziS 21 - 11 dna gnoL mc 81 - daorb mc 02 6 tnemegnarrA etanretlA 7 erutxeT htoomS 8 etsaT rettiB ylthgilS 9 eloiteP 6- mc 51

:1 .giF fo faeL acidni anirhtyrE :2 .giF fo tnalP acidni anirhtyrE

fo ypocsorciM acidni anirhtyrE :faeL

fo ecneserp eht delaever fael eht fo .S.T rewol dna reppu ,atamots citycarap

simredipe dellaw niht fo sllec lanogylop , dehcnarb ralullecitlum gnirevoc dna meolhp ,smelyx deifingil ,semohcirt lamredipe reppu eht woleb sllec edasilap

sllec .noiger animal eht ni redwoP sevael eht fo noitanimaxe cipocsorcim

fo ecneserp eht delaever ,selunarg hcratsc lamredipe ralullecitlum gnirevoc htiw slle

semohcirt dehcnarb , htiw sllec lamredipecitycarap dna sllec melyx ,atamots

.srebif cilcycirep

tcO ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)4(1 ;1102 ceD 22 - 72

letaP .M rasnA )4(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te 52

llec edasilaP

lamredipe rewoLsllec

melyX

meolhP

lamredipE reppUsllec

semohcirT

fo .S .T :3 .giF acidni anirhtyrE faeL

latamotS & rebmun latamotS :4 .giF

fo xednI acidni .E faeL

5 .giF : fo .oN noitanimreT tel nieV & .oN telsI nieV acidni .E faeL

lamredipE :6 .giF C semohcirT htiw lle lamredipE :7 .giF C atamotS htiw lle

tcO ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)4(1 ;1102 ceD 22 - 72

letaP .M rasnA )4(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te 52

llec edasilaP

lamredipe rewoLsllec

melyX

meolhP

lamredipE reppUsllec

semohcirT

fo .S .T :3 .giF acidni anirhtyrE faeL

latamotS & rebmun latamotS :4 .giF

fo xednI acidni .E faeL

5 .giF : fo .oN noitanimreT tel nieV & .oN telsI nieV acidni .E faeL

lamredipE :6 .giF C semohcirT htiw lle lamredipE :7 .giF C atamotS htiw lle

tcO ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)4(1 ;1102 ceD 22 - 72

letaP .M rasnA )4(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te 52

llec edasilaP

lamredipe rewoLsllec

melyX

meolhP

lamredipE reppUsllec

semohcirT

fo .S .T :3 .giF acidni anirhtyrE faeL

latamotS & rebmun latamotS :4 .giF

fo xednI acidni .E faeL

5 .giF : fo .oN noitanimreT tel nieV & .oN telsI nieV acidni .E faeL

lamredipE :6 .giF C semohcirT htiw lle lamredipE :7 .giF C atamotS htiw lle

tcO ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)4(1 ;1102 ceD 22 - 72

letaP .M rasnA )4(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te 62

:8 .giF melyX deifingiL :9 .giF cilcycireP F srebi :01 .giF hcratS G sniar

P slacimehcotyhP 2 elbaT eht ni tneser V suoira E fo stcartx anirhtyrE acidni L fae

.oN .rS stneutitsnocotyhP .qA E stcartx cilonahtE E tcartx 1 sdiolaklA + + 2 sedisocylG + - 3 setardyhobraC + + 4 sdionovalF + + 5 sninnaT + + 6 sdioretS - + 7 sdica onimA - + 8 sninopaS + + 9 snietorP + + 01 dnuopmoc cilonehP + +

tneserP = + , - tnesbA = elbaT 3 lacimehcocisyhP P fo sretemara .E acidnI L sevae

elbaT 4 evitatitnauQ M fo ypocsorci L sevae fo .E acidnI L sevae

.oN .rS noitanimreteD snoitavresbO 1 rebmun latamotS .qs rep 001 mm 2 xedni latamotS .qs rep 33.33 mm 3 rebmun telsi nieV mm .qs rep 82 4 rebmun noitanimret telnieV mm .qs rep 42

SECNEREFER

.1 lanicideM naidnI ,usaB .D.B dna rakihtriK .R.K koob lanoitanretnI yb dehsilbuP ,I loV ,stnalP

187 ,5002 ,ihleD ,srotubirtsid - .487

.2 PC ,stnalP lanicideM naidnI ,erahK nA7002ecnerefeR regnirpS ,yranoitciD detartsullI .

.3 dna stnalP lanicideM naidnI :MK inrakdaN dna seitreporP lanicideM riehT htiw sgurD

oN .rS . retemaraP eulav denimreteD)W/W%(

1 hsa latoT % 2.0±1.5 2 hsa elbulosni dicA % 3.0±0.2 3 retaw - hsa elbulos % 2.0±9.2 4 hsa detaflus % 0.6 5 evitcartxe elbulos retaW % 1.1±81 6 evitcartxe elbulos lohoclA % 0.1±11 7 evitcartxe elbulos rehte muelorteP % 9.0±7 8 tnetnoc erutsioM % 0.2±8.3

tcO ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)4(1 ;1102 ceD 22 - 72

letaP .M rasnA )4(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te 62

:8 .giF melyX deifingiL :9 .giF cilcycireP F srebi :01 .giF hcratS G sniar

P slacimehcotyhP 2 elbaT eht ni tneser V suoira E fo stcartx anirhtyrE acidni L fae

.oN .rS stneutitsnocotyhP .qA E stcartx cilonahtE E tcartx 1 sdiolaklA + + 2 sedisocylG + - 3 setardyhobraC + + 4 sdionovalF + + 5 sninnaT + + 6 sdioretS - + 7 sdica onimA - + 8 sninopaS + + 9 snietorP + + 01 dnuopmoc cilonehP + +

tneserP = + , - tnesbA = elbaT 3 lacimehcocisyhP P fo sretemara .E acidnI L sevae

elbaT 4 evitatitnauQ M fo ypocsorci L sevae fo .E acidnI L sevae

.oN .rS noitanimreteD snoitavresbO 1 rebmun latamotS .qs rep 001 mm 2 xedni latamotS .qs rep 33.33 mm 3 rebmun telsi nieV mm .qs rep 82 4 rebmun noitanimret telnieV mm .qs rep 42

SECNEREFER

.1 lanicideM naidnI ,usaB .D.B dna rakihtriK .R.K koob lanoitanretnI yb dehsilbuP ,I loV ,stnalP

187 ,5002 ,ihleD ,srotubirtsid - .487

.2 PC ,stnalP lanicideM naidnI ,erahK nA7002ecnerefeR regnirpS ,yranoitciD detartsullI .

.3 dna stnalP lanicideM naidnI :MK inrakdaN dna seitreporP lanicideM riehT htiw sgurD

oN .rS . retemaraP eulav denimreteD)W/W%(

1 hsa latoT % 2.0±1.5 2 hsa elbulosni dicA % 3.0±0.2 3 retaw - hsa elbulos % 2.0±9.2 4 hsa detaflus % 0.6 5 evitcartxe elbulos retaW % 1.1±81 6 evitcartxe elbulos lohoclA % 0.1±11 7 evitcartxe elbulos rehte muelorteP % 9.0±7 8 tnetnoc erutsioM % 0.2±8.3

tcO ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)4(1 ;1102 ceD 22 - 72

letaP .M rasnA )4(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te 62

:8 .giF melyX deifingiL :9 .giF cilcycireP F srebi :01 .giF hcratS G sniar

P slacimehcotyhP 2 elbaT eht ni tneser V suoira E fo stcartx anirhtyrE acidni L fae

.oN .rS stneutitsnocotyhP .qA E stcartx cilonahtE E tcartx 1 sdiolaklA + + 2 sedisocylG + - 3 setardyhobraC + + 4 sdionovalF + + 5 sninnaT + + 6 sdioretS - + 7 sdica onimA - + 8 sninopaS + + 9 snietorP + + 01 dnuopmoc cilonehP + +

tneserP = + , - tnesbA = elbaT 3 lacimehcocisyhP P fo sretemara .E acidnI L sevae

elbaT 4 evitatitnauQ M fo ypocsorci L sevae fo .E acidnI L sevae

.oN .rS noitanimreteD snoitavresbO 1 rebmun latamotS .qs rep 001 mm 2 xedni latamotS .qs rep 33.33 mm 3 rebmun telsi nieV mm .qs rep 82 4 rebmun noitanimret telnieV mm .qs rep 42

SECNEREFER

.1 lanicideM naidnI ,usaB .D.B dna rakihtriK .R.K koob lanoitanretnI yb dehsilbuP ,I loV ,stnalP

187 ,5002 ,ihleD ,srotubirtsid - .487

.2 PC ,stnalP lanicideM naidnI ,erahK nA7002ecnerefeR regnirpS ,yranoitciD detartsullI .

.3 dna stnalP lanicideM naidnI :MK inrakdaN dna seitreporP lanicideM riehT htiw sgurD

oN .rS . retemaraP eulav denimreteD)W/W%(

1 hsa latoT % 2.0±1.5 2 hsa elbulosni dicA % 3.0±0.2 3 retaw - hsa elbulos % 2.0±9.2 4 hsa detaflus % 0.6 5 evitcartxe elbulos retaW % 1.1±81 6 evitcartxe elbulos lohoclA % 0.1±11 7 evitcartxe elbulos rehte muelorteP % 9.0±7 8 tnetnoc erutsioM % 0.2±8.3

tcO ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)4(1 ;1102 ceD 22 - 72

letaP .M rasnA )4(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te 72

koob ihthsirS yb dehsilbup ,noitide 6002 ,sesU351 ,ihleD ,srotubirtsid - .451

.4 na aidnI fo stnalp lanicideM :R amrahS ,ihleD ,esuoH gnihsilbuP ayaD ,aideapolcycnE

99 ,3002 - 01 .0 .5 anirhtyrE fo sesu dna noitavitluC :N edgeH

dna BS yeltseW ni aidnI nretsew ni atageirav dlo wen eht ni anirhtyrE .sde :HM llewoP

77 ,39911 ,ARFN :)ASU( ihalaP sdlrow - .48 .6 ht4 ,ysongocamrahP lacitcarP ,KC etakoK

D ,nahsakarp hballaV yb dehsilbuP ;noitide ,ihle7 ,5002 - 22 ,9 - .32

.7 ni slacitcarP :SB hahS dna KR layoG ,enuP ,nahsakarP ilariN( ,ysongocamrahP

821 )5002 – .551

.8 ht81 ,ysongocamrahP lacitcarP ,RK lawlednahK54pp ,enuP ,7002 nahsakarp ilariN .dE - .15

.9 edurc fo ymotanA ,KGS kayaN dna ,AM regneyI,sgurd sserp aguyavaN .dE ht5 - ,1991 ,ipudU

24pp - .45 .01 srehsilbup .S.B.T.I.A ,.dE naidnI ,aveneG ,OHW

82 pp ,4002 ,ihleD srotubirtsid dna - .03 .11 ediug A .sdohtem lacimehcotyhP .BJ enrobraH

.sisylana tnalp fo euqinhcet nredom ot .972 :2991 ,nodnoL ,lliH dna nampahC

.21 ,ysongocamrahP snavE dna esaerT ,CW snavE aisA ynapmoC dna ecarB truoctraH ,eropagniS

.tvP .622p ,7991 ,dtL