Reconstruction

• Lincoln’s 10% Plan (1865)• Andrew Johnson• Black Codes

• Fourteenth Amendment (1866)

• Fifteenth Amendment (1869)• Mississippi Plan (1872-6)• Compromise of 1877

I. Presidential ReconstructionII. Congressional ReconstructionIII. End of Reconstruction

Terms

I. Presidential Reconstruction

Abraham Lincoln

Johnson’s home in Greenville, after becoming a prosperous landowner and investor in railroad stock.

• As young man had sided with “honest yeomen” against the “slaveocracy”—a “pampered, bloated, corrupted aristocracy.”.

• “Treason must be made odious and traitors must be punished and impoverished.”

“Damn the negroes! I am fighting these traitorous aristocrats, their masters.”

In 1865 Andrew Johnson told a senator that “White men must manage the South.” The same year he told the governor of Missouri, “This is a country for white men, and by god, so long as I am President, it shall be a Government for white men.”

Black Codes

• The “ex-slave was not a free man; he was a free Negro.”

•Provided economic, social, political and civil rights restrictions for African Americans

New Southern Governments• Texas and Mississippi refused to to

ratify the 13th Amendment.

• Several states, instead of repudiating their ordinances of secession, merely repealed them.

• Southern States sent Confederate leaders to Congress

Among the “new” Southern Representatives presenting themselves to Congress were:

• Alexander Stephens, former vice president of the Confederacy

• Four former Confederate generals and eight colonels

• Six former Confederate cabinet members.

600,000 had died in the

four years of the Civil War

“They would not cooperate in rebuilding what they destroyed, [so] we must remove the rubbish and rebuild from the bottom. Whether they are willing or not, we must compel obedience to the Union, and demand protection for its humblest citizen.”

- Congressman James A. Garfield, February 1867

II. Congressional Reconstruction

Military Governments

In 1867 Andrew Johnson wrote to Congress that “The subjugation of the States to Negro domination would be worse than the military despotism under which they now suffer.”

Amendment XIV

SECTION 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens; nor any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person within the jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Amendment XV

SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

III. End of Reconstruction

Ku Klux Klan

Mississippi Plan

• Rifle clubs tried inciting violence with groups of Republicans.

• During the campaign of 1872 in Vicksburg, Mississippi, a club attacked a Republican meeting, killing 35 blacks and 2 whites. No rifle club members were injured.

The Compromise of 1877

The South and Democrats would accept Hayes; in return the troops were taken from South.