redacted peace corps ig investigative review of a volunteer death in peace corps china i 13-020 ...

8/10/2019 Redacted Peace Corps IG Investigative Review of a Volunteer Death in Peace Corps China I 13-020 November 2014 (Redacted) 32 pp

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Yanga GkrpsKoojga ko Jdspagtkr Cadarne

JD_AWPJCNPJ_A VA_JAS KO PMA GJVGQLWPNDG

WQVVKQD@JDC PMA @ANPM KO N _KEQDPAAJD YANGA GKVYW/GMJDN

J->7-969 Dkvalfar 69>0


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WZDKYWJW

Pma Yanga Gkrps Koojga ko Jdspagtkr (KJC) kpada` n praejljdnry jdqujry (YJ) kd Hudjdtk tma Yanga Gkrps raspkdsa tk tma Oafrunry 3, 69>7, àntm ko Yanga Gkrps/Gmjdn

Djgmkens Gnstea (YG_ Gnstea) tk lkdjtkr tma Yanga Gkrps raspkdsa tk tma àntm. KJ

lkdjtkrjdc ngtjvjtjas jdgeuà` n ravjaw ko ragkr`s prkvjà` fy tma Yanga Gkrps KoojWarvjgas (KMW) jdgeu`jdc YG_ Gnsteas la`jgne gmnrt, tma ncadgys sadtjdae rapkrt,

n la`jgne axpart kd alarcadgy gnra mjra` fy tma ncadgy, nd` tma nutkpsy rapkrt par

tma Nrla` Okrgas La`jgne Axnljdar Wystal. Pma la`jgne axnljdars ojdne `jncdkscnstrkadtarjtjs, nd` ma kpjda` tmnt YG_ Gnsteas gnusa ko àntm wns lkst prkfnfey v

cnstrkadtarjtjs tmnt rasueta` jd savara àmy`rntjkd, luetj-krcnd onjeura nd` adà` w

aàln nd` nguta pdaulkdjn.

Kd Nprje 67, 69>0, KJC jdjtjnta` jts kwd jdvastjcntjva ravjaw ko tma ongts nd` gjrgul

surrkud`jdc YG_ Gnsteas àntm notar ragajvjdc jdokrlntjkd orkl YG_ Gnsteas pnra

pnradts prkvjà` KJC wjtm nd alnje fatwaad tmajr skd nd` Yanga Gkrps La`jgne Ko

Cnk Hjd (YGLK Cnk), `nta` Dkvalfar 63, 69>6, jd wmjgm YG_ Gnstea n`vjsa` YGLma mn` dkt cnjda` fngb tma wajcmt ma ekst notar n cnstrkjdtastjdne jeedass jd Kgtkfar 6

nsba` YGLK Cnk wmnt okk`s ma gkue` ant tk maep mjl cnjd fngb tma wajcmt nd` stnraquasta` n mantar. Pma alnje wns dkt n pnrt ko ncadgy ragkr`s.

KJC sadt ndjdvastjcntjva tanl tk Gmjdn tk cntmar jdokrlntjkd nd` mjra` nd jdàpadprkoassjkdne

6tk udàrtnba n ouee jdvastjcntjva ravjaw. KJC jdtarvjawa` lkra tmnd n

Gkrps stnoo, _keudtaars, nd` mkst gkudtry la`jgne prkoassjkdnes. KJCs ravjaw wns

jdtarvjaws gkdùgta`, tma nssassladt ko nd jdàpadàdt la`jgne axpart, tma la`jgn`kguladtntjkd, nd` ktmar nvnjenfea ongts.

YGLK Cnk prkvjà` gnra okr YG_ Gnstea kd tma lkrdjdc nd` jd tma notardkkd ko Hn

69>7, jd raspkdsa tk YG_ Gnsteas gklpenjdts ko sylptkls typjgne ko cnstrkadtarjtjCnk ànet wjtm n mjcmey udusune rnpj` àgejda jd YG_ Gnsteas manetm, wmjgm wns ud

nd ktmarwjsa ykudc, manetmy jd`jvjùne. Pma YGLKs wara nesk trantjdc ojva kr sjx k

_keudtaars wmk wara nttad`jdc trnjdjdc nekdc wjtm YG_ Gnstea, stnyjdc nt tma snla

wmk nesk rapkrta` mnvjdc cnstrkjdtastjdne jeedassas, fut wjtm ljeàr sylptkls.

Kd tma lkrdjdc ko Hndunry 6= YG_ Gnstea tke` YGLK Cnk kd tma pmkda tmnt ma mn`

ajcmt apjskàs ko vkljtjdc nd` mn` tmraa apjskàs ko wntary stkkes kvar n twk `ny pGnstea ourtmar dkta` oaaejdc oavarjsm tma `ny faokra, wjtm lje` nf`kljdne fekntjdc n


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nd` tmnt mjs urjda kutput wns àgransa` nd` `nrb. @urjdc n sufsaquadt pmysjgne ax

YG_ Gnstea nt :879 n.l., YGLK Cnk àtarljda` ma wns dkt jd ndy nguta `jstrass, m

nwnba, raspkdsjva, nd` krjadta` tk dnla, penga, tjla nd` purpksa.

YG_ Gnstea wns nt nd jdgransa` rjsb ko gejdjgne àtarjkrntjkd cjvad8 (>) mjs mjstkry k

cnstrkadtarjtjs jeedass rasuetjdc jd wajcmt ekss nd` raqujrjdc ma ragajva jdtrnvadkus (n mkspjtne tmraa lkdtms anrejar2 (6) mjs mjstkry ko gjprkoekxngjd jdtkearndga rasuetjdc

(7) mjs ontjcua2 (0) mjs àgransa` urjda kutput2 nd` (1) mjs axtadsjva vkljtjdc kvar s

jd tma anrey lkrdjdc ko Hndunry 6=.7YGLK Cnk `kguladta` YG_ Gnsteas ejps war

nppanra` ontjcua`, fut tmara js dk jd`jgntjkd sma gkdsjàra` ma wns nt nd jdgransa` r

sma gkdùgta` n``jtjkdne nssassladts tk àtarljda tma prasadga ko àmy`rntjkd/mypsugm ns axnljdjdc mjs sbjd turckr (sbjd js eass aenstjg wmad àmy`rnta`), kr tnbjdc m

fekk` prassura (FY) nd` puesa.1Mn` sma `kda sk, sma lny mnva ragkcdjza` tma sava

àmy`rntjkd/mypkvkealjn nd` sadt mjl tk tma mkspjtne kr tma Yanga Gkrps koojga okr

lkrdjdc, kr nt eanst jdstrugta` sklakda tk kfsarva mjs oeuj` jdtnba kvar tma daxt oku

mjs sjcdjojgndt vkljtjdc.

Jdstan`, YGLK Cnk tranta` YG_ Gnstea okr lje` àmy`rntjkd fy prasgrjfjdc nd krne

(gjprkoekxngjd), ndtj-dnusan/vkljtjdc la`jgntjkd, nd` jdgransa` oeuj`s jdtnba usjdc

ramy`rntjkd snets (KVW) nd` ktmar oeuj`s.

Kda ko tma raeavndt neckrjtmls okr trantjdc nùets wjtm nguta vjrne cnstrkadtarjtjs gne

prkvjàr tk ranssass tma pntjadt racuenrey ùrjdc tma ojrst sjx mkurs.?Mkwavar, dk

lkdjtkrjdc ko YG_ Gnstea wns `kguladta`. Pk tma gkdtrnry, tma avjàdga jd`jgntas

eaot YG_ Gnsteas mktae rkkl nt npprkxjlntaey >9879 n.l. nd` `j` dkt raturd udtje 6

sma eanrda` YG_ Gnstea mn` vkljta`. KJCs ravjaw gkdgeuà` tmnt YGLK Cnk onjepruàdt hu`cladt jd mar trantladt ko YG_ Gnstea jd tma lkrdjdc ko Hndunry 6= fagn

sma prkparey kràra` KVW nd` oeuj`s, sma onjea` tk ranssass YG_ Gnstea ùrjdc tma d

mkurs nd` tmara js dk jd`jgntjkd sma gkdsjàra` YG_ Gnstea wns nt n mjcmar rjsb ko gàtarjkrntjkd kr gkdùgta` ourtmar tasts tk nssass mjs àmy`rntjkd.

7Gejdjgne oanturas kr nenrl sylptkls nd` sjcds (ra` oencs) (tnfea >) tmnt jàdtjoy pntjadts R`jncdk

cnstrkadtarjtjs\ wmk lny daa` mkspjtnejzntjkd kr avneuntjkd okr ktmar gnusas jdgeuà8 Wavara vkeula

àpeatjkd/àmy`rntjkd nd` mkspjtnejzntjkd kr ndtjfjktjg usa jd tma pnst tmraa tk sjx lkdtms. Nggkr`jdnenrl sjcds nd` sylptkls ko savara vkeula àpeatjkd/àmy`rntjkd jdgeuà `ry lugkus lalfrndas (

wanbdass, ontjcua2 nd`, àgransa` urjda kutput, gkdgadtrnta` urjda (àap yaeekw kr nlfar gkekr). Qp

_jrne Cnstrkadtarjtjs jd Nùets, Jrada Neaxnd`rnbj, L@, LYM nd` Carne` S. Wlatndn, nggassa` Dkv

mttp8//www.uptk`nta.gkl/gkdtadts/nguta-vjrne-cnstrkadtarjtjs-jd-nùets .(Maranotar gjta` jd taxt ns Cn

Nùets).0Pmara nra pmysjkekcjg `jooaradgas fatwaad mypkvkealjn (vkeula àpeatjkd) nd` àmy`rntjkd rasuet
http://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-viral-gastroenteritis-in-adultshttp://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-viral-gastroenteritis-in-adultshttp://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-viral-gastroenteritis-in-adults


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KJCs ravjaw gkdgeuà` tmnt jd tma notardkkd ko Hndunry 6= tmara wara gnsgn`jdc on

àenys jd tma trantladt ko YG_ Gnstea. Qpkd adtarjdc YG_ Gnsteas rkkl, YGLK Cragkcdjza tma sjtuntjkd wns grjtjgne. YGLK Cnk `j` dkt jlla`jntaey gnee okr nd nlf

àspjta eanrdjdc orkl tma mktae geandjdc en`y tmnt YG_ Gnstea mn` faad vkljtjdc, nd

tmnt mjs puesa wns >69 fants par ljduta nd` mjs raspjrntkry rnta wns >:sjcds ko mypSmad sma wns udnfea tk àtagt YG_ Gnsteas FY kd nd aeagtrjg FY guoo, sma gneea` t

rapengaladt guoo prasuljdc aqujpladt onjeura rntmar tmnd parmnps n FY tkk ekw tk `

Cnk `j` dkt gnee okr nd nlfuendga avad notar mar gkeeancua, n gnr`jkekcjst, tke` mar Y

daaà` nd J_ jd 79 ljdutas kr ma js ckjdc tk `ja. Vntmar, sma nsba` ndktmar YGLK

tma mktae, okr J_ oeuj`s tk fa frkucmt orkl tma pkst la`jgne udjt, nd` okr n pkst `rjvatma J_ tk tma mktae, wjtmkut jdokrljdc tma `rjvar tmnt jt wns nd alarcadgy sjtuntjkd.

YGLK Cnk ojdneey gneea` okr nd nlfuendga, sma onjea` tk gkdvay mjs grjtjgne gkd`jtjojrst raspkdàrs tmnt YG_ Gnstea daaà` tk ck tk tma mkspjtne fagnusa ma mn` mn` `jn

savarne `nys.

KJCs ravjaw nesk àtarljda` tmara wara sjcdjojgndt onjeuraswjtm tma gnra prkvjà`

Gmjdasa nlfuendga alarcadgy la`jgne tagmdjgjnds (ALPs).3Nt tma tjla ko YG_ G

trndspkrtntjkd, ma raqujra` mjs njrwny tk fa prktagta`, nàqunta kxycadntjkd, nd` n snlkudt ko J_ oeuj`s. Pma ALPs onjea` tk gkdtrke tma sjtuntjkd fktm jd tma mktae rkklnlfuendga. Kur ravjaw okud` tmnt tma ALPs ejbaey `j` dkt jdtufnta YG_ Gnstea kr u

enrydcane lnsb njrwny kd tma sgada kr jd tma nlfuendga. Pma ALPs okgusa` kd stnr

wmjea tma YGLKs okgusa` kd pksjtjkdjdc YG_ Gnstea kd mjs eaot sjà tk prktagt mjs nkfstrugtjkd. Pmjs gkdoejgt jdtaroara` wjtm tma raspkdsa nd` gkdtjdua` jd tma nlfuend

ALPs nttalpta` tk stnrt nd J_. KJCs ravjaw gkdgeuà` YG_ Gnstea prkfnfey suggu

jdsuoojgjadtey tranta` mypkvkealjg smkgb nd` àmy`rntjkd rasuetjdc jd gnr`jng nrrastnsskgjnta` wjtm vjrne cnstrkadtarjtjs oeuj` vkeula ekss orkl vkljtjdc nd` `jnrrman.

KJCs ravjaw nesk udgkvara` n``jtjkdne jdokrlntjkd, wmjgm wmjea dkt gkdtrjfutjdc tGnsteas àntm, `j` jd`jgnta YGLK Cnk onjea` tk n`mara tk savarne Yanga Gkrps cuj`

racnr`jdc la`jgne gmnrt ragkr`-baapjdc, jdgeu`jdc8

`kguladtjdc nee gejdjgne gkdtngts wjtm YG_ Gnstea jd tma la`jgne gmnrt,

prasarvjdc nd alnje sadt tk mar fy YG_ Gnstea gkdgardjdc mjs wajcmt jd mjs gmnrt, nd`

prasarvjdc nd` trndsentjdc la`jgne ragkr`s gkdgardjdc nd anrejar alarcadgyvjsjt nt mjs sjta.

KJC nesk udgkvara` tmnt YGLK Cnk netara` YG_ Gnsteas jd-sarvjga dktas notar suf


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Ojdneey, kur ravjaw jdgeuàs lndncaladt gkdsjàrntjkds okr tma Yanga Gkrps tk nssa

daa`s tk lnba kvarnee kr pkst spagjojg gmndcas tk pkejgjas, prkgaùras, cujàejdas, st

kr eavae ko nvnjenfea raskurgas.

VAEA_NDP ENS,VACQENPJKD,KV NCADGZ YKE

Yanga Gkrps Pagmdjgne Cujàejda 6>9, Manetm Vagkr`s

6. FNGBCVKQD@Jt js axtralaey jlpkrtndt tmnt n gklpeata, nggurnta, nd` eacjfea la`jgne ragkr` axjst okr angm

`kguladtjdc àgjsjkds lnà ùrjdc mjs/mar la`jgne sgraadjdc nd` Yanga Gkrps sarvjga. Pm

manetm ragkr` `kguladts gmrkdkekcjgneey nee manetm sarvjgas prkvjà` tk tma _keudtaar .

7. MANEPM VAGKV@ OKVLNP ND@ KVCNDJXNPJKDPma manetm ragkr` mns ajcmt `jvjàrs, okur kd angm sjà. Pma sagtjkds granta` fy tma `jvjàrs

tk la`jgne jdokrlntjkd fy krcndjzjdc tma `kguladta` jdokrlntjkd gmrkdkekcjgneey nd` fy ty

Wagtjkd 18 Jd-Warvjga DktasPmjs sagtjkd gkdtnjds `kguladtntjkd ko nee gejdjgne gnra nd` ktmar raenta` gkdtngts f

Yanga Gkrps La`jgne Koojgar (YGLK) nd` tma _keudtaar ùrjdc mjs/mar sarvjga.

Wagtjkd ?8 Jd-Warvjga GklludjgntjkdsPmjs sagtjkd gkdtnjds nee gejdjgne onxas, ojae` gkdsuets, gkrraspkdàdga (jdgeu`jdc a

tk nd` orkl tma Y_Gs) cadarnta` wmjea jd gkudtry kr kd laàvng stntus.

3. @KGQLADPNPJKD KO GEJDJGNE GNVAPma YGLK prkvjàs nd` nutmkrjzas manetm gnra sarvjga tk _keudtaars. Pma YGLK js raspkd

lndncjdc nd` okr `kguladtjdc tma àgjsjkds lnà jd prkvj`jdc tma gnra. Gejdjgne gnra `kgu

smkue` prkvjà n gmrkdkekcjgne ragkr` ko àgjsjkds lnà, ngtjkds tnbad, nd` raskeutjkds ran

Gkrragtjkds8 Gkrragtjkds lny kdey fa lnà fy grkssjdc kut tma lntarjne tk fa gkrragta

ejda nd` jdsartjdc tma gkrragta` gkpy. Angm gmndca lust fa `nta` nd` jdjtjnea`. Gkrrag

tnpa (wmjta-kut) lust davar fa usa` jd tma manetm ragkr`.

Prndsentjkds8 Nee rapkrts, gkdsuets, nd` enf rasuets lust fa trndsenta` jdtk Adcejsm.

Yanga Gkrps Pagmdjgne Cujàejda 6>?, Paeapmkda Prjnca

7. PAEAYMKDA PVJNCA YVKGA@QVA

Jdstjtuta n `njey gnee ekc (taeapmkda ekc fkkb) tk gnptura angm gklludjgntjkd fatwaad

_keudtaar. Pmjs ekc wjee fa usa` ùrjdc kd nd` koo mkurs.


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JD_AWPJCNPJ_A NGPJ_JPZ

KJC kpada` n YJ kd Huda >>, 69>7 jdtk Yanga Gkrps raspkdsa tk tma Oafrunry 3, 69YG_ Gnstea tk lkdjtkr tma Yanga Gkrps raspkdsa tk tma àntm. Lkdjtkrjdc ngtjvjtjas

ravjaw ko ragkr`s prkvjà` fy tma Koojga ko Manetm Warvjgas jdgeu`jdc YG_ Gnsteas

gmnrt, tma sadtjdae rapkrt, n rapkrt fy n la`jgne axpart kd alarcadgy gnra mjra` fy tmnd` tma nutkpsy rapkrt parokrla` fy tma Nrla` Okrgas La`jgne Axnljdar Wystal (

>). Ns n rasuet ko n``jtjkdne jdokrlntjkd prkvjà` tk KJC kd Nprje 67, 69>0, fy YG_

pnradts, KJC àgjà` tk jdjtjnta jts kwd jdvastjcntjva ravjaw ko tma ongts nd` gjrgulsurrkud`jdc YG_ Gnsteas àntm.

KJC gkdùgta` >7 jdtarvjaws wjtm Yanga Gkrps stnoo, _keudtaars, nd` mkst gkudtry l

prkoassjkdnes. N ravjaw ko tma la`jgne ragkr`s jd`jgntas tmnt YG_ Gnstea wns trantaCnk kd twk kggnsjkds okr cnstrkadtarjtjs. Pma ojrst jdstndga facnd kd Kgtkfar 61, 69

YG_ Gnstea, wmk wns nt mjs sjta jd Pkdcrad, Gmjdn, gklpenjda` ko n `jnrrmane jeedas

nd` oavar. YGLK Cnk tranta` YG_ Gnstea wjtm krne gjprkoekxngjd, nd ndtjfjktjg. YG

rapkrta` tmnt ma vkljta` notar tnbjdc tma la`jgntjkd. Kd Kgtkfar 6?, 69>6, YGLK CYG_ Gnstea tk n mkspjtne AV wmara ma wns cjvad J_ oeuj`s. Kd Kgtkfar 7>, 69>6, Y

àtarljda` ma mn` ragkvara` orkl tma jeedass.

Pma sagkd` kggurradga facnd kd Hndunry 61, 69>7, wmad YG_ Gnstea, wmk wns nt tm

Zund Mktae (tma mktae) jd Gmadcù, Gmjdn, okr tma Yanga Gkrps jd-sarvjga trnjdjdc (ojrst rapkrta` oaaejdc jee nd` sufsaquadtey facnd vkljtjdc. Kd Hndunry 6=, 69>7, nota

ko sylptkls, YG_ Gnsteas rkkllnta nt JWP gneea` YGLK Cnk tk taee mar tmnt YG_

jee. YGLK Cnk tranta` YG_ Gnstea wjtm krne gjprkoekxngjd, KVW, ktmar oeuj`s, krne P(tjlatmkfadznljà, nd ndtj-dnusan la`jgjda), nd` tke` mjl tk okeekw n FVNP `jatke` mjl sma wkue` saa mjl sklatjla jd tma notardkkd. Wklatjla fatwaad 68>1 p.l

p.l., YGLK Cnk nrrjva` nt tma mktae notar ragajvjdc n gnee tmnt YG_ Gnstea vkljta`

fa`. Nrkud` 7801 p.l. YGLK Cnk nd` YGLK Gmrjstjnd asgkrta` YG_ Gnstea vjn nnd AV okr trantladt. Pmay nrrjva` tk tma AV sklatjla fatwaad 089= p.l. nd` 0866 p

Gnstea wns dkt frantmjdc wmad tmay nrrjva` nd` mn` tk fa rasusgjtnta` nd` penga` kd

Kd Oafrunry 3, 69>7, YG_ Gnsteas pnradts gkdsadta` tk tma ralkvne ko YG_ Gnsteasuppkrt nd` ma wns àgenra` àn`. Pma la`jgne axnljdars ojdne `jncdksjs wns vjrne

cnstrkadtarjtjs, nd` kpjda` tmnt YG_ Gnsteas gnusa ko àntm wns lkst prkfnfey vjrn

cnstrkadtarjtjs tmnt rasueta` jd savara àmy`rntjkd, luetj-krcnd onjeura nd` adà` waàln nd` nguta pdaulkdjn.


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Jdokrlntjkd Vagajva` orkl YG_ Gnsteas Ynradts

Kd Nprje 67, 69>0, tma pnradts ko YG_ Gnstea n`vjsa` KJC tmnt tmay mn` ravjawa` njdokrlntjkd tmnt tma Yanga Gkrps mn` jd jts pkssassjkd racnr`jdc tma àntm ko tmajr sk

Axmjfjt 6). Pma Gnsteas stnta` tmnt tmay faejava YG_ Gnsteas àntm wns pravadtnfea

`ja` ns n rasuet ko jdgklpatadga nd` la`jgne dacejcadga.

Pma Gnsteas stnta` tmnt wmad YG_ Gnstea fagnla sjgb jd enta Hndunry nd` anrey Oafr

YGLK Cnk onjea` tk ragkcdjza mkw sjgb ma wns. YGLK Cnk wns dktjoja` kd tma Wu

praga`jdc mjs mkspjtnejzntjkd tmnt ma wns sjgb, fut `j` dkt ck tk saa mjl. Pmay neeaca

tma okeekwjdc `ny notar n àeny, fut kdey nt tma famast ko YG_ Gnsteas rkkllnta. Pneeaca` tmnt YGLK Cnk àenya` raquastjdc la`jgne nssjstndga. Pmay snj` YG_ Gns

frantmjdc kd tma wny tk tma mkspjtne, nd` wns assadtjneey àn` okr >6->1 ljdutas, wmCnk nd` Gmrjstjnd wara jd tma nlfuendga. Pma Gnsteas dkta` tmnt tma Yanga Gkrps sn

rapkrt tmnt GYV Rgnr`jkpuelkdnry rasusgjtntjkd\ wns dkt gkkr`jdnta`, fut jd ongt d

prkvjà` tk mjl kd tma wny tk tma mkspjtne.

Pma Gnsteas snj` tmnt YG_ Gnstea wns pravjkusey tranta` jd Kgtkfar 69>6 okr n sjlje

Wtuàdts nt tma udjvarsjty tkkb mjl tk n mkspjtne wmara ma wns cjvad >6 udjts ko J_ oajcmt mkurs. YG_ Gnstea gneea` mjs lktmar nfkut tma jdgjàdt. Entar, jd Dkvalfar 69Gnstea sadt nd alnje tk YGLK Cnk jd`jgntjdc tmnt ma mn` ekst wajcmt. Pma Gnsteas s

mn` ekst >> pargadt ko mjs fk`y wajcmt. Nggkr`jdc tk tma Gnsteas, YGLK Cnks rasp

fnsjgneey tk ant lkra.

VA_JAS KO KGPKFAV 69>6JDGJ@ADP

KJC ravjawa` tma àtnjes ko tma Kgtkfar 69>6 jdgjàdt, wmjgm kggurra` jd Pkdcrad,

Cujzmku prkvjdga, npprkxjlntaey =99 ljeas skutmanst ko tma Yanga Gkrps pkst jd Gm

YG_ Gnsteas Gmnrt

KJC ravjawa` YG_ Gnsteas Yanga Gkrps La`jgne Vagkr`. N gkpy ko tma la`jgne r

lnjdtnjda` sapnrntaey jd tma gnsa ojea. Pma ravjaw `jsgeksa` tma okeekwjdc tjlaejdpnrt.

Kgtkfar 61, 69>6

>9899 p.l.8 YG_ Gnstea gneea` YGLK Cnk nd` gklpenjda` ko `jnrrman, dnusan, m


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>6879 p.l.8 YG_ Gnstea gneea` YGLK Cnk nd` stnta` ma mn` vkljta` ojva tjlas, o

mn` nf`kljdne pnjd, `ry lkutm, nd` n oavar. Ma nesk stnta` mnvjdc ?-3 apjskàs ko

frkwd ekksa stkke. YGLK Cnk jd`jgnta` sma wkue` nsb YG_ Gnsteas gkudtarpnrt ttma mkspjtne.

6899 p.l.8 YGLK Cnk jd`jgnta` sma spkba wjtm tma pmysjgjnd nt tma AV, YG_ Gnsteas FY nd` ktmar vjtne sjcds, nd` snj` ma pendda` tk cjva YG_ Gnstea nd

ktmar la`jgntjkd. YGLK Cnk jd`jgnta` sma npprkva`. RNcadts Dkta8 Pma

gkdtnjd ndy ragkr`s orkl tma mkspjtnejzntjkd.\

Kgtkfar 79, 69>6

:899 n.l., YGLK Cnk gneea` YG_ Gnstea, wjtm dk raspkdsa. Wma entar ragajva` nd awns racnjdjdc mjs nppatjta. RNcadts Dkta8 N gkpy ko tma alnje wns jdgeuà` jd mjs g

Kgtkfar 7>, 69>6

6899 p.l., YGLK Cnk ragajva` n taeapmkda gnee orkl YG_ Gnstea, wmk jd`jgnta` tm

fattar, fut stjee ckt tjra` notar wnebjdc nrkud` okr skla tjla. YGLK Cnk jd`jgntawns raskeva`.

YG_ Gnsteas Wjta jd Pkdcrad, Gmjdn

KJC jdvastjcntkrs vjsjta` YG_ Gnsteas sjta nd` tkkb pmktkcrnpms ko Pkdcrad Qdjva

ma tnucmt Adcejsm, ns waee ns tma axtarjkr ko mjs npnrtladt, ekgnta` kd tma gnlpus cr

Axmjfjt 7).

KJC jdtarvjawa` , wmk wns nssjcda` tk

Qdjvarsjty wmara sma nd` YG_ Gnstea wara Adcejsm tangmars (saa Axmjfjt 0).

stnta` tmnt jd tma Yanga Gkrps Yra-Warvjga Prnjdjdc, wmjgm trnjdaas nttad` faokra tm

swkrd-jd, _keudtaars nra tke` fy tma YGLKs tmnt tmay smkue` kdey gnee nfkut cnstrk

jssuas jo tmay mnva `jnrrman tmraa tjlas par `ny nd` mnva n talparntura. Wma snj` tmnlassnca wns okr _keudtaars tk mndèa jt tmalsaevas ojrst. Wma snj` YG_ Gnstea wns

prjvnta nd` `j` dkt gklpenjd kr smnra mjs parskdne fusjdass wjtm ktmars. Mkwavar, swmad YG_ Gnstea fagnla axtralaey jee jd Kgtkfar 69>6. Wma snj` tmnt ma wns vklj

nd` ljssa` n `ny ko genss. YG_ Gnstea mn` antad nt tma sgmkke gno faokramnd`2 mkw

`j` dkt ragnee ndykda aesa cattjdc sjgb nt tma gno. YG_ Gnstea gneea` YG


9/31

KJC jdtarvjawa` YG_ Gnsteas nssjcda` gkudtarpnrt, , wjtm tmNoonjrs Koojga nt Pkdcrad Qdjvarsjty (saa Axmjfjt 1). Wma stnta` tmnt YG_ Gnstea wn

manetm wmjea jd Pkdcrad, fut wns tmjd/wanb. Dkda ko YG_ Gnsteas stuàdts rapkrta`

manetm prkfeals. Jd Kgtkfar 69>6, sma ragajva` dktjojgntjkd orkl tma `jragtkr ko tma Noonjrs Koojga tmnt tma Yanga Gkrps pkst jd Gmadcù, Gmjdn, wns raquastjdc maep tk

tk YG_ Gnstea. stnta` tmnt sma gneea` YGLK Cnk, wmk tke`

YG_ Gnstea wns sjgb nd` daaà` tk ck tk tma mkspjtne.

Nt npprkxjlntaey 6899 kr 7899 p.l., tkkb YG_ Gnstea tk tma PkdcradMkspjtne vjn tnxj. Pma AV `kgtkr avneunta` YG_ Gnstea nd` cnva mjl krne la`jgntjk

gkue` dkt ragnee tma AV `kgtkrs dnla, jo tma `kgtkr tkkb YG_ Gnsteatma `kgtkr spkba wjtm YGLK Cnk kd tma taeapmkda. snj` tmnt sma mar

wjtm YGLK Cnk kd tma taeapmkda orkl tma AV. YG_ Gnstea wns raeansa` nt npprkxj

kr >>899 p.l. Okeekwjdc tma AV vjsjt, ragneea` tmnt npprkxjlntaey twYGLK Cnk gneea` mar tk okeekw-up kd YG_ Gnsteas manetm.

sadt jlncas ko tma mkspjtne trantladt ragkr`s, nd` tma mkspjtne fjee vjYGLK Cnks parskdne alnje nggkudt ns waee ns YGLK Cnks Yanga Gkrps alnje ntma lnjd la`jgne udjt alnje n``rass. RNcadts Dkta8 dkda ko tma nokraladtjkda` rag

YG_ Gnsteas la`jgne ojea.\

stnta` tmnt YGLK Cnk ngbdkwea`ca` ragajpt ko tma ragkr`s jd n taea

nd` sadt rajlfursaladt okr tma mkspjtne axpadsas tk nggkudt.

prkvjà` n gkpy ko tma alnje sma sadt tk YGLK Cnk.

snj` tmnt dajtmar sma dkr tma `jragtkr ko tma Okrajcd Noonjrs Koojga mn

gkdtngta` fy ndykda orkl tma Yanga Gkrps wmk wns ravjawjdc YG_ Gnsteas la`jggjrgulstndgas surrkud`jdc mjs àntm.

KJC jdtarvjawa` Gmjdns Pkdcrad Yakpeas Mkspjtne Gmjao ko Alarcadgy Axmjfjt ?). ravjawa` tma ragkr`s prkvjà` tk KJC fy , nd`

tma Pkdcrad Yakpeas Mkspjtne tranta` YG_ Gnstea okr àmy`rntjkd kd Kgtkfar 61, 6stnta` tmnt tma ragkr`s wara tma kdey `kguladts raenta` tk tma gnsa jd tma mkspjtnes p

Ma ravjawa` tma sjcdntura nt tma fkttkl ko tma trantladt ragkr` nd` stnta` tmnt tma t


10/31


11/31

snj` tmnt notar YG_ Gnsteas ojrst jdgjàdt ko cnstrkjdtastjdne `jstra

cnjda` fngb tma wajcmt ma ekst wmad ma wns jee. Ma wns wanb nd` tjra` okr n oaw wa

tma jdgjàdt. snj` ma wns sk tmjd fut ma wns stjee nfea tk `k tmjdctmnt YG_ Gnstea typjgneey davar gklpenjda` nfkut tmjdcs, avad tmksa tmjdcs pakpea

gklpenjd nfkut.

YG_ Mutgmjdskd snj` tmnt wmjea mnvjdc `jddar wjtm YG_ Gnstea skla tjla entar, sm

jo tma `kgtkrs mn` ojcura` kut wmnt tma jeedass wns. YG_ Gnstea rapeja`, Dk, tmay snn stklngm jdoagtjkd. Yakpea cat sjgb.

Yanga Gkrps _keudtaar Jdokrlntjkd @ntnfnsa Nppejgntjkd (_J@N) Vagkr`s

KJC ravjawa` tma gklludjgntjkds trngbjdc ekc jd _J@N>9

partnjdjdc tk YG_ Gnste=). Pma ekc jd`jgnta` tmnt kd Dkvalfar 79, 69>6,

dktntjkd okeekwjdc n sjta vjsjt, jd`jgntjdc, Ma js sjgb n ekt, eksa ekts ko wajcmt fut `k

dkw.

KJC jdtarvjawa` (saa Axmjfjt :). stnta` tmnt sma mns wkrba` nt YaGkrps/Gmjdn okr npprkxjlntaey ajcmt yanrs, nd` js tma prkcrnl lndncar okr Cujzmku

wmara YG_ Gnstea wns nssjcda`. Wma vjsjta` YG_ Gnstea nt mjs sjta nt Pkdcrad Qdjv

kda tjla, ns ma wns kdey nssjcda` tk tmnt ekgntjkd okr kda salastar. snj` tmnokur _keudtaars nssjcda` tk Pkdcrad jdgeu`jdc YG_ Gnstea. stnta` tmnt tma

rkutjda, ns sma vjsjts nee ojrst-yanr _keudtaars, nd` trjas tk saa tmksa _keudtaars sarvj

nrans ojrst. Wma snj` ma wns lntura nd` davar gklpenjda`, axgapt okr kda kggnsjkd w`jsgussa` mjs daa` okr n mantar.

ravjawa` tma ragkr` jd _J@N nd` àtarljda` tmnt sma vjsjta` mjl kd kr nfk

Dkvalfar 6=, 69>6. Wma stnta` tmnt tma dktas jd _J@N jd`jgnta` tmnt YG_ Gnstea tk

wns sjgb n ekt, nd` tmnt ma wns eksjdc n ekt ko wajcmt. Wma snj` tmnt YG_ Gnstea nsbafagnusa mjs rkkl wns gke`. snj` tmnt tma talparntura nt tma tjla jd tma racj

àcraas Gadtjcrnà (npprkxjlntaey 09 àcraas Onmradmajt). snj` tmnt tma pkmjl n mantar.

Smad nsba` mkw YG_ Gnstea nppanra`, stnta` tmnt YG_ Gnstea wns n vary


12/31

raturda` tk Gmadcù nd` `jsgussa` mjs manetm nd` tma mkspjtnejzntjkd nt tma

laatjdc, wmjgm js mae` avary Lkd`ny. Wma faejava` tmnt tma laatjdc kggurra` jd lj69>6. Wma snj` tmnt tma YGLKs ngbdkwea`ca` tmnt tmay wara nwnra ko YG_ Gnstea

mkspjtnejzntjkd. stnta` tmnt sma faejava` YGLK Gmrjstjnd wns prasadt nt tma

YG_ Gnsteas Alnje tk YGLK Cnk

Kd Nprje 67, 69>0, Wua Gnstea sadt KJC nd alnje strjdc fatwaad YG_ Gnstea nd` YG

(saa Axmjfjt >9). RNcadts Dkta8 Pmara js dk ragkr` ko tmjs gkrraspkdàdga jd YG_ G

la`jgne gmnrt\. KJC ravjawa` YGLK Cnks alnje nd` ekgnta` YG_ Gnsteas alnje, YGLK Cnks rapey.

KJCs ravjaw ko tma alnje strjdc jd`jgnta` tmnt kd Dkvalfar 63, 69>6, YG_ Gnstea

mantar fagnusa ko tma gke`, nd` n`vjsa` YGLK Cnk tmnt ma mn` dkt cnjda` fngb tma

ekst wmad ma wns sjgb. Ma stnta` tmnt ma wajcma` 10 Bjekcrnls (>>: pkud`s). YGLrapeja` tmnt mjs Fk`y Lnss Jdàx (FLJ) wns >=.?, ekw dkrlne, nd` sadt mjl n ejd

wjtm jdokrlntjkd kd `jats okr la`jgne `jskràrs. RNcadts Dkta8 Pmara js n `jsgrapnd

YG_ Gnsteas majcmt ns rapkrta` jd mjs pra-sarvjga pmysjgne (13) varsus mjs vjsn nppmysjgne (1=). Smad FLJ js gneguenta` usjdc n majcmt ko 1=, tma rasuet js FLJ >=udàrwajcmt.\

YGLK Cnk

@urjdc mar jdtarvjaw, YGLK Cnk nt ojrst àdja` tmnt sma mn` ndy gkdtngt wjtm YG_

Hndunry 69>7. Wma àdja` ragajvjdc nd alnje orkl mjl jd Dkvalfar 69>6 nfkut mannd` àdja` tmnt tke` mar tmnt YG_ Gnstea mn` dkt raturda` tk ouee manetm. S

gkdorkdta` wjtm tma alnje strjdc fatwaad mar nd` YG_ Gnstea, nt ojrst sma stnta`, V

nfkut n mantar rajlfursaladt Pmad notar gkdga`jdc tmnt YG_ Gnstea mn` rnjsa` tmjs wajcmt, sma stnta` tmnt lnyfa Rsma\ okrckt tk put tma alnje jd mjs gmnrt ns raquj

Kd tma lnttar ko YG_ Gnsteas wajcmt, YGLK Cnk snj` tmnt sma wkue` dkt mnva gkd

Gnsteas wajcmt tk fa n gkdgard avad jo mjs FLJ wns >=.>, ns ekdc ns ma mn` dk parsj

`jnrrman kr ktmar sylptkls. YGLK Cnk snj` tmnt lndy ktmar _keudtaars wara udàFut sma snj` tmnt jo dk jlprkvaladt mn` faad rapkrta` sma ljcmt mnva gkdsjàra` en

jo mjs latnfkejsl wns dkrlne.

YGLK Cnk stnta` tmnt sma sadt YG_ Gnsteas gmnrt tk tma qunejty jlprkvaladt (^J)

Koojga ko Manetm Warvjgas nt Yanga Gkrps man`qunrtars okr ravjaw kd @agalfar 3, 6


13/31

VA_JAS KO HNDQNVZ 69>7JDGJ@ADP

KJC ravjawa` tma gjrgulstndgas surrkud`jdc tma Hndunry 69>7 jdgjàdt.

YG_ Gnsteas Gmnrt

KJC ravjawa` YG_ Gnsteas Yanga Gkrps La`jgne Vagkr`. Pma ravjaw `jsgeksa`

tjlaejda, jd raeavndt pnrt.

Hndunry 6=, 69>7

=899 n.l.8 YGLK Cnk spkba wjtm YG_ Gnstea, wmk rapkrta` tmnt ma vkljta` okur tkkd Hndunry 6?, nd` tmraa tjlas kd Hndunry 63. Ma nesk rapkrta` tmraa apjskàs ko wn

tmnt mjs urjda kutput wns àgransa` nd` `nrb, nd` tmnt ma oaet oavarjsm tma `ny faokra

prasgrjfa` kda ejtar ko KVW, twk ejtars ko ktmar oeuj`s, nd` n fend` `jat ko ekw ojfar o(raoarra` tk ns n FVNP `jat). RNcadts Dkta8 Pmara js dk ladtjkd jd tma gmnrt ko n

rapkrt orkl YG_ Gnsteas rkkllnta tmnt YG_ Gnstea wns sjgb.\

:879 n.l.8 YGLK Cnk axnljda` YG_ Gnstea nt tma mktae. Wma jd`jgnta` ma ckt up nd`kkr tk laat mar, tmad raturda` tk fa`. YGLK Cnk kfsarva` YG_ Gnstea tkearnta 61

Wma jd`jgnta` tmnt ma `j` dkt nppanr tk fa jd nguta `jstrass, nd` ekkba` neart, nwnba,

Mjs ejps wara `ry, ma ekkba` ontjcua`, nd` ma mn` àgransa` fkwae skud`s. Mjs FY wns :1/?6 nd` puesa ns 1:. RNcadts Dkta8 Nggkr`jdc tk tma Lnyk Gejdjgs wafsjta, n

nùets rastjdc manrt rnta rndcas fatwaad ?9 nd` >99 fants par ljduta.\ YGLK Cnk

199 lc ko krne gjprkoekxngjd twjga `njey, 799 lc ko trjlatmkfadznljà (nd ndtj-dnula`jgntjkd) tmraa tjlas n `ny, nd` tk gkdtjdua wjtm kda ejtar ko KVW, twk ejtars ko k

nd` n FVNP `jat.

Npprkxjlntaey 6899 p.l.8 RNcadts Dkta8 dk ourtmar tjla nddktntjkds wara lnà jd

dktas\. Pma trnjdjdc lndncar n`vjsa` YGLK Cnk tmnt tma geandjdc wklnd nt tma mk

tmnt YG_ mn` hust vkljta` n ekt. YGLK Cnk raturda` tk tma mktae nd` kfsarva` craa

kd YG_ Gnsteas smaats. YG_ Gnstea lkva` tk tma ktmar fa` ns mjs smaats wara gmnd

lkva` fngb notarwnr`. YGLK Cnk jd`jgnta` tmnt ma ekkba` neart, nwnba, nd` krjadtwara `ry, ma wns ontjcua`, nd` mn` jdngtjva fkwae skud`s. Mjs FY gkue` dkt fa àta

tma guoo tmnt YGLK Cnk mn`. Mjs puesa wns >69. YGLK Cnk gneea`nd` nsba` mar tk frjdc n sagkd` guoo tk tma mktae, w

Fjdc Xjyj frkucmt orkl tma Yanga Gkrps pkst. RNcadts Dkta8 Pma Yanga Gkrps pkst

ljeas orkl tma mktae.\


14/31

Qpkd YGLK Gmrjstjnds nrrjvne, YG_ Gnsteas puesa wns dkta` ns >99, mjs FY wns d

àtagtnfea, nd` n àgjsjkd wns lnà tk gnee nd nlfuendga jlla`jntaey. YGLK Cnk

YG_ Gnstea wns eyjdc kd mjs fngb, nd` tmad axpaeea` n enrca nlkudt ko vkljt. YG_up, cnspa` okr frantm, tmad gkeenpsa` nd` fagnla eass raspkdsjva.

Pma nlfuendga nrrjva` nd` YG_ Gnstea wns trndspkrta` fy stratgmar tk tma vamjgea. nlfuendga, YGLK Cnk dkta` tma YGLKs struccea` tk baap mjs njrwny kpad fy tu

mjs sjà. Pma nlfuendga pmysjgjnd nd` dursa wara ojcmtjdc tma pksjtjkd fagnusa tmay

kd stnrtjdc nd J_ nd` cattjdc tma FY guoo jd penga (saa Axmjfjt 3). Kd nrrjvne tk tma

Gnstea wns dkt frantmjdc nd` puesaeass. RNcadts Dkta8 Nggkr`jdc tk ragkr`s ma nrrj

089= p.l. kr 0866 p.l.\ GYV wns stnrta` fut J_ nggass wns àenya` okr n oaw ljdutfkra daaèa wns penga` jd mjs gnrktj` nrtary. Npprkxjlntaey >1 ljdutas entar, YG_ G

manrtfant wns rastkra`.

^J Wuparvjskr Carj Baeey

KJC jdtarvjawa` ^J Wuparvjskr Carj Baeey (Wuparvjskr Baeey) racnr`jdc YG_ Gnste

ravjaw parokrla` kd @agalfar 3, 69>6 (saa Axmjfjt >>). Wuparvjskr Baeey snj` tmnt

saeagts >9 pntjadt la`jgne gmnrts nd` sad`s okr ^J ravjaw nee ragkr`s orkl angm gmnradgklpnssjdc n tmraa-lkdtm parjk`. Pma gmnrts jdgeuà pntjadt adgkudtars, okeekw-urapkrts, nd` gkdsuetndt dktas.

Wma snj` tmnt YGLK Cnk okrwnrà` n gkpy ko YG_ Gnsteas gmnrt, jdgeu`jdc dktas, ^J kd @agalfar 3, 69>6. RNcadts Dkta8 Pkdcrad Mkspjtne ragkr`s nd` YG_ Gnstea

Dkvalfar 63, 69>6, wara dkt jdgeuà` jd tma sufljssjkd nd` wara nfsadt orkl YG_

gmnrt.\

Nt KJCs raquast, Wuparvjskr Baeey ravjawa` tma sufljssjkd nd` gklpnra` tma YGL

tma sufljssjkd tk tma YGLKs dktas jd YG_ Gnsteas ngtune gmnrt. Lndy netarntjkdswara dkta`. Nee dktas orkl Kgtkfar 6?, 69>6, nt :899 p.l. tmrkucm Kgtkfar 6=, 69>6

p.l. wara ljssjdc, nd` raoaradgas tk nguta cnstrkadtarjtjs, fngtarjne wara nppnrad

tk raoeagt nguta cnstrkadtarjtjs. Wuparvjskr Baeey stnta` tmnt la`jgne stnoo bdkws tm

fa nladà` fy sufsaquadt adtrjas, fut dktas lust dkt fa netara`.

Bamun Zund Mktae

KJC vjsjta` nd` pmktkcrnpma` tma mktae, Gmadcù, wmara YG_ Gnstea wns mkusa` `

(saa Axmjfjt >6).


15/31

wns jdtarvjawa` fy KJC (saa Axmjfjt >0). @urjdc Hndunry 69>7, wns nssjcda` ns YG_ Gnsteas rkkllnta ùrjdc tmajr stny

snj` tmnt wmad JWP stnrta`, nee ko tma YG_s nrrjva` kd tma snla `ny. YGfaad jd Gmadcù wjtm mjs mkst onljey prjkr tk tma stnrt ko trnjdjdc. Pma _keudtaars m

ko trnjdjdc tkcatmar.

ragneea` tmnt tma _keudtaars adhkya` n tneadt smkw nd` pjzzn djcmt kd

(Hndunry 61, 69>7). Notar tma tneadt smkw, YG_ Gnstea snj` ma wns stnrtjdc tk oaae sjkut wjtm tma crkup okr faars nd` tmad wadt fngb tk tma mktae anrey.

Kd Wntur`ny (Hndunry 6?, 69>7), YG_ Gnstea wadt tk n mneo-`ny sassjkd nt JWP. Enta

YG_ Gnstea tke` tmnt ma wns dkt oaaejdc waee. Ma tke` tmnt m

smkppjdc notar trnjdjdc wjtm ktmar _keudtaars nd` ckt sjgb. snj` tmnt YGdavar wndta` tk tneb tkk lugm nfkut wmnt wns wrkdc. Ma nesk `j` dkt `rjdb tmnt lu

Pmnt avadjdc, YG_ Gnstea tmraw up n oaw tjlas. Jt saala` tk ejba n okksnj` tmnt ktmar YG_s nt tma mktae wara jee tkk. nsba` YG_ G

wndta` mjl tk cat mjl skla wntar. YG_ Gnstea snj` dk. wadt tk tma stk

nd` frkucmt fngb skla wntar okr mjl. YG_ Gnstea seapt tmrkucm tma djcmt.

Kd Wud`ny lkrdjdc (Hndunry 63, 69>7), YG_ Gnstea wkba up nd` tke`

dkt oaaejdc tmnt crant. ckt YG_ Gnstea wntar nd` fran`. tke`

ma smkue` gnee tma YGLKs. Pmnt lkrdjdc wadt tk tma gnlpus ko tma Wjg

Qdjvarsjty. Wklatjla faokra eudgm, ma snw YGLK Cnk danr tma Yanga Gkrps koojgatke` mar tmnt YG_ Gnstea wns sjgb. Jd prasadga, YGLK Cnk trja` tk gne

usjdc mar gaee pmkda. Pmara wns dk ndswar. YGLK Cnk tke` tk mnva YGmar. RNcadts Dkta8 Pmjs jdokrlntjkd wns kftnjda` tmrkucm jdtarvjaws2 YGLK Cnk

raoaradga tmjs gkdtngt jd YG_ Gnsteas gmnrt.\

Smad raturda` tk tma mktae rkkl, ma snw YG_ Gnstea wntgmjdc P_ kd mtke` YG_ Gnstea tk gnee YGLK Cnk. Ma `j` dkt saa YG_ Gnstea lnba tma gnee.

tmnt YG_ Gnstea wns raeugtndt tk gnee tma YGLKs fagnusa ma wns tma bjd` ko parskd

wndt tk furàd pakpea.

Pmnt djcmt, wmjea wns seaapjdc, nt nfkut 6 n.l. kr 7 n.l., YG_ Gnstea st

tmrkwjdc up raneey fn`. snj` tmnt jt wns lkra savara tmnd typjgne vkl


16/31

ndswarjdc quastjkds nfkut wmnt ma mn` antad. Pmjs ea` tk faejava tmnt Y

mn` dkt gneea` tma YGLKs tma djcmt faokra. YG_ Gnstea tke` tma YGLK tmnt ma mn`

dnusakus okr n gkupea ko `nys.

wadt kut, nd` frkucmt wntar nd` stanla` fran` orkl franbonst okr YG_

snj` YG_ Gnstea saala` wkrsa, ejba sklakda wmk mn` tma oeu. Ma mn` ekw adarcy. Ytneba`, fut ekkba` raneey dkt jd ckk` smnpa.

wadt tk trnjdjdc nd` tmad gnla fngb tk tma rkkl tk gmagb kd YG_ Gnste

>9899 n.l. YGLK Cnk wns jd tma rkkl nd` mn` hust ojdjsmjdc gmagbjdc kd YG_ Gn

wara pnpar la`jgjda pngbats ko tma typa tmnt dkdprasgrjptjkd `rucs gkla jd kd tma d

YGLK Cnk ragklladà` tmnt YG_ Gnstea tnba KVW nd` `rjdb wntar nd` n GmjdasCntkrnà. YG_ Gnstea wns sjttjdc up kd tma fa`. eaot.

gnla fngb tk tma rkkl notar eudgm nt npprkxjlntaey >6879 kr >899 p.l.

fran` okr YG_ Gnstea. Ma faejava` tmnt YG_ Gnstea ljcmt mnva faad seaapjdc.

dkt saa YG_ Gnstea notar tmnt.

YGLK Cnk

YGLK Cnk snj` tmnt kd Wud`ny, Hndunry 63, 69>7, sma wns nt tma Yanga Gkrps koojgtk eudgm wmad tke` mar tmnt YG_ Gnstea wns sjgb wjtm `jnrrman nd` vkl

gneea` YG_ Gnstea, fut ragajva` dk ndswar. Wma gneea` nd` nsba` mjl tk

Gnstea tk gnee mar jo ma daaà` maep. YGLK Cnk `j` dkt ragajva n gnee orkl YG_ Gn

Pma daxt lkrdjdc, kd Lkd`ny, Hndunry 6=, 69>7, YGLK Cnk ragajva` n gnee nt =899

, wmk snj` YG_ Gnstea wndta` tk tneb tk mar. YG_ Gnstea tkkb tma pmkda

tmnt ma mn` faad mnvjdc dnusan nd` vkljtjdc sjdga Wntur`ny, Hndunry 6?, 69>7, nd` sjdga Wud`ny, Hndunry 63, 69>7. YGLK Cnk gnla tk tma koojga tk pjgb up n ck fnc

tma krne ndtjfjktjgs gjprkoekxngjd, Nucladtjd, nd` nzjtmrklygjd, ns waee ns ktmar land aeagtrjg, fnttary-pkwara` FY guoo. YGLK Cnk snj` tmnt, nt tma tjla, tma ck-fnc `

gkdtnjd J_ oeuj`s, fut tmnt jt `j` dkw. YGLK Cnk snj` tmnt sma `j` dkt gkdsjàr frjd

oeuj`s okr YG_ Gnstea, fagnusa jo n _keudtaar daa`s oeuj`s tmay wkue` fa frkucmt tk

YGLK Cnk snj` tmnt sma wadt tk tma mktae. YG_ Gnstea kpada` tma `kkr tk mjs rkkl

tma fa`. YGLK Cnk nsba` mjl quastjkds nd` gmagba` mjs vjtnes nd` FY usjdc tma ae

YG_ Gnstea snj` tmnt ma mn` vkljta` ajcmt tjlas kvar tma enst twk `nys. Mjs ejps ekkma ekkba` ontjcua`, wjtm àgransa` fkwae skud`s. Wma snj` mjs vjtnes wara dkrlne, jd

FY ko :1/?6, nd` n puesa ko 1:. RNcadts Dkta8 N dkrlne nùets rastjdc puesa rndca

nd` >99.\ YGLK Cnk snj` sma faejava` YG_ Gnstea mn` cnstrkadtarjtjs, sk sma prasg


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YGLK Cnk tranta` twk ktmar sjgb _keudtaars nt tma mktae nd` wadt fngb tk tma koojg

>>879 n.l. Nt npprkxjlntaey 6899 p.l., YGLK Cnk wns wrjtjdc n dkta nfkut YG_ G

sma ragajva` n gnee orkl tma trnjdjdc lndncar, wmk snj` tmnt tma geandjdc en`y snj` tmGnstea vkljta` n ekt kd mjs fa`. YGLK Cnk ckt n vjne ko Oadkcnd (prklatmnzjda, nd

la`jgjda) nd` tkkb nd koojga vamjgea tk tma mktae. Pma `rjvar wns nssjcda` tk tnba sk

tk tma mkspjtne, nd` `rkppa` YGLK Cnk koo nt tma mktae nekdc tma wny. Wma ncnjd `joeuj`s fagnusa sma tmkucmt tmnt jo ma daaà` oeuj`s sma gkue` frjdc mjl tk tma Yanga

YGLK Cnk snj` tmnt wmad sma nrrjva` nt tma mktae, tma geandjdc en`y wns gmndcjdc

smaats. YG_ Gnstea wns eyjdc kd fa`. YG_ Cnk snj` tmnt notar mjs smaa

gmndca`, YG_ Gnstea gejlfa` fngb kdtk mjs fa` wjtmkut `joojguety. YGLK Cnk nsb

Gnstea wmnt mnppada`. Ma snj` tmnt ma vkljta` twk tjlas notar YGLK Cnk eaot tmnt YGLK Cnk gmagba` mjs vjtne sjcds, nd` mjs puesa wns >69, wmjgm wns rnpj`. Wma ntt

usa tma aeagtrjg guoo tk tnba mjs FY, fut tma lngmjda `j` dkt oudgtjkd. YGLK Cnk sngneea` nd` nsba` mar tk sad` n lndune FY guoo tk tma mktae. sn

sad` YGLK Fjdc wjtm kda. YGLK Cnk snj` tmnt sma `j` dkt gkdsjàr nd J_ fagnus

bdkw YG_ Gnsteas FY.

YGLK Fjdc nrrjva` wjtm n lndune FY guoo. YGLK Cnk snj` tmnt tma ran`jdc wns ek

YGLK Fjdc snj` tmnt YG_ Gnstea daaà` tk ck tk tma mkspjtne. YGLK Cnk jd`jgntamn` gkdgards nfkut Gmjdasa mkspjtnes, sugm ns cjvjdc trantladt tmnt wns dkt up tk Nstnd`nr`s. YGLK Cnk snj` tmnt YG_ Gnstea daaà` nd J_ ns skkd ns pkssjfea. Wma s

wndta` tk cat jdput orkl YGLK Gmrjstjnd, nd` gneea` tk sad` J_ oeuj`s t

YGLK Cnk snj` tmnt sma gneea` tma Yanga Gkrps `rjvar kr nsba` tk nrrndcpjgb up YG_ Gnstea. YGLK Cnk nd` YGLK Fjdc wnjta` nt tma mktae. YGLK Cnk c

Gnstea Oadkcnd (jdtrnlusguenr) nd` YG_ Gnstea `rndb n gup ko KVW. YG_ Gnstea sa

nd` tneba` tk YGLK Fjdc nd` YGLK Cnk. YGLK Cnk snj` tmnt YG_ Gnstea `j` dk

n``jtjkdne trantladt kr kfhagt tk tmajr trantladt.

YGLK Gmrjstjnd nrrjva` nd` tneba` tk YG_ Gnstea. Ma wns gkdsgjkus nd` rangta` wCnk parokrla` n pmysjgne axnljdntjkd. Smjea `kjdc sk, nrrjva` wjtm tma

Gmrjstjnd snj` tmnt tmay daaà` nd nlfuendga. Pmad YG_ Gnstea vjkeadtey vkljta`.

cnspa` ejba jt wns mnr` tk frantma. Ma eny fngb kd tma fa`. Pma YGLKs turda` mjs m

mjs lkutm. YGLK Gmrjstjnd nsba` mjl skla quastjkds fut ma gkue` dkt ndswar, mjsdkt vary geanr. YGLK Cnk snj` tmnt tmay gneea` twjga okr tma nlfuendga, fut YGLK

tmnt tma nlfuendga tkkb lkra tmnd 79 ljdutas tk nrrjva. YGLK Cnk snj` tmnt sma nd

YGLKs wara prapnrjdc tk n`ljdjstar tma J_ fut jt wns mnr` fagnusa YG_ Gnstea wnvkljtjdc. YGLK Cnk snj` tmnt tmay daaà` tk baap YG_ Gnstea stjee tk ragajva tma J

bapt vkljtjdc. Pma J_ wns davar nggklpejsma`. Pma nlfuendga nrrjva` nd` tmay pu

stratgmar. YG_ Gnstea wns stjee frantmjdc. Pmay tkkb mjl `kwdstnjrs. YGLK Cnk gk


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pkjdt, YG_ Gnstea wns dkt frantmjdc, nd` AV stnoo n`ljdjstara` GYV. Smad YG_ G

rasusgjtnta`, ma wns sadt tk tma jdtadsjva gnra udjt (JGQ).

YGLK Cnk snj` tmnt jt wns dkt gkllkd okr YG_s jd Gmjdn tk ragajva J_s. Wma stnt

YGLKs saa npprkxjlntaey >9 gnsas ko `jnrrman par lkdtm, ko wmjgm n slnee pargad

J_seass tmnd kda gnsa avary twk lkdtms. Wma snj` tmnt `kgtkrs jd Gmjdasa gejdjgs nrejfarne nfkut prkvj`jdc J_s tk pntjadts wjtm `jnrrman nd` vkljtjdc tmnd Q.W. `kgtkrs

tmnt sma mns saad rasanrgm tmnt Gmjdasa ragajva lkra J_s par gnpjtn tmnd ndy ktmar g

Jd n okeekw-up jdtarvjaw, YGLK Cnk snj` tmnt kxycad wns nvnjenfea kd tma sgada n

nlfuendga graw frkucmt nd kxycad fnc, nd` jt wns nvnjenfea jd tma nlfuendga (saa Wma stnta` tmnt kxycad wns n`ljdjstara` kd tma sgada nd` jd tma nlfuendga usjdc nd

Wma snj` tmnt jdtufntjkd nd` enrydcane lnsb njrwny nra cadarneey raqujra` aqujpladnlfuendgas, fut wns dkt usa` fagnusa tma graw wns okgusa` kd tryjdc tk cat J_ oeuj

Gnstea.

KJC jdtarvjawa` (saa Axmjfjt >?). js n dursa wmk mns wkrba`Gkrps sjdga 699?. Yrjkr tk tmnt, sma wns alpekya` fy Cekfne @kgtkr, n gejdjg okr okr

ojrst manr` tmnt YG_ Gnstea wns sjgb nt tma mktae wmad YGLK Cnk gneea` mar

skla J_ oeuj`s tk tma mktae fagnusa tmara wns n pntjadt tmara tmnt daa`a` nd J_.

succasta` tmnt YGLK Cnk tnba tma pntjadt tk tma Yanga Gkrps la`jgne koojga kr tk nsnj` jo jt wns dkt urcadt, jt wns fattar dkt tk n`ljdjstar nd J_ nt tma mktae.

prapnra` tma J_, fut n oaw ljdutas entar sma ragajva` n gnee orkl YGLK

dkt tk frjdc tma J_. YGLK Cnk stnta` tmnt notar `jsgussjdc jt wjtm YGLK Gmrjstjndckjdc tk frjdc YG_ Gnstea tk tma Yanga Gkrps la`jgne koojga.

N oaw ljdutas entar, YGLK Cnk gneea` fngb nd` snj` tmnt tmay wara sad`jdc YG_ G

mkspjtne, fut tke` mar tk frjdc tma J_ tk tma mktae. YGLK Cnk snj` sma wns sad`jdc n

`rjvar tk pjgb up. wnjta` okr

nrrjva okr nfkut >9 ljdutas.

YGLK Cnk gneea` nd` nsba` wmara sma wns, ns tma sjtuntjkd wns vary sa

gneea` tk ojd` kut wmara ma wns. snj` ma wns nt tmtmnt Gkudtry @jragtkr Fkddja Pmja (G@ Pmja) mn` jdtargapta` mjl nd` wndta` mjl t

wkrb kd tma sagkd` kr tmjr` oekkr. stnta` tmnt sma tke` tmnt

la`jgne alarcadgy. Ma gnla `kwdstnjrs rjcmt nwny nd` tke` tmnt YGLK


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20/31

wns pnea, mn` `ry lkutm, mjs mnd`s nd` oaat wara gke`, ma mn` Busslnue frantmjdc,

dkt vary neart. YGLK Fjdc tke` YGLK Cnk tmnt YG_ Gnstea daaà` tk ck tk tma mk

J_ oeuj`s jlla`jntaey. YGLK Cnk snj` tmnt tma mkspjtne wkue` fa vary grkwà` ndcat n`ljtta` jdtk. YGLK Fjdc snj` tmnt jo YG_ Gnstea `j` dkt cat nd J_ wjtmjd 79 l

wns ckjdc tk `ja.

YGLK Cnk lurlura` tk marsaeo, tmad tke` YGLK Fjdc tk tnba YG_ Gnsteas FY. Jt

YGLK Fjdc snj` tmnt sma `j` dkt trust tma aeagtrjg guoo. Wma gkue` taee fy tma oaae ko

YG_ Gnsteas FY wns vary ekw. YGLK Cnk lnà savarne pmkda gnees, fut YGLK F

sura ko tma kràr8 YGLK Cnk gneea` YGLK Gmrjstjnd okr n`vjga2 sma gneea`

okr J_ oeuj`s2 nd` sma gneea` okr nd nlfuendga.

YGLK Gmrjstjnd nrrjva` faokra tma nlfuendga. YG_ Gnstea wns stjee nfea tk ndswar Pma nlfuendga tkkb 79 kr 09 ljdutas tk nrrjva nt tma mktae. @urjdc tmnt tjla, YGLK

gnee kd tma ùty pmkda orkl tma nlfuendga. Pmay ckt ekst nd` daaà` `jragtjkds. Pm

Gnstea snt up, vkljta`, nd` onjdta`. YGLK Fjdc wndta` tk stnrt GYV kd YG_ GnsteYGLKs Gmrjstjnd nd` Cnk mn` rkeea` YG_ Gnstea kd mjs sjà. YGLK Fjdc tkkb YG

pmkda, gneea` tma nlfuendga, nd` nsba` tmal wmara tmay wara fagnusa YG_ Gnstea

tmay daaà` tk cat tmara dkw, nd` jt wns nd alarcadgy.

YGLK Fjdc wadt `kwdstnjrs tk cat tma mktae stnoo tk maep cat tma nlfuendga graw jd

nlfuendga `kgtkr nd` dursa gnla tk tma rkkl wjtm nd kxycad fnc. Pma `kgtkr varjo

Gnstea wns stjee frantmjdc nd` tmay nttalpta` tk kpad nd J_ gmnddae jd mjs okkt nd` mfagnusa YGLKs Gmrjstjnd nd` Cnk mn` mjl rkeea` kdtk mjs sjà, tmay gkue` dkt cat

jd. snj` jt wns dkt dagassnry tk mnva YG_ Gnstea kd mjs sjà fagnusa ma w

YGLK Gmrjstjnd `jsncraa`, snyjdc tmnt ma wns vkljtjdc sk ma daaà` tk mnva mjs njr

nd` fa bapt kd mjs sjà. snj` tk hust cat YG_ Gnstea kut ko tmara, nd` tmnt ttry tk stnrt nd J_ jd tma nlfuendga. YGLKs Gmrjstjnd nd` Cnk rkà jd tma nlfuendg

YGLK Fjdc nd` okeekwa` jd tma Yanga Gkrps vamjgea.

Smad tmay nrrjva` nt tma mkspjtne, n `kgtkr ckt tma pntjadt mjstkry orkl YGLK Cnk,

tmal tmnt YG_ Gnstea mn` dk frantmjdc kr puesa wmad ma nrrjva`. YGLK Fjdc snj`

faejava` tma nlfuendga lnà tma fast àgjsjkd fy cattjdc YG_ Gnstea kut ko tma mktns pkssjfea.

YGLK Gmrjstjnd

KJC jdtarvjawa` YGLK Gmrjstjnd, wmk prkvjà` n swkrd stntaladt, nd` n sufsaqua

nlad`ladt (saa Axmjfjt >:). YGLK Gmrjstjnd stnta` tmnt sma js n pmysjgjnds nssjstn


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pravjkusey wkrba` ns n pmysjgjnds nssjstndt jd nd AV okr n yanr. Wma nesk trnjda` nt

Gmjdn ns waee.

YGLK Gmrjstjnd snj` tmnt ùrjdc JWP, ojva kr sjx _keudtaars rapkrta` mnvjdc `jnrrma

Hndunry 6=, 69>7, nt :899 n.l., sma bdaw tmnt sklakda nt tma mktae wns sjgb wmad Y

gnla jdtk tma koojga tk cntmar la`jgne suppejas. YGLK Gmrjstjnd tke` YGLK Cnk tmFjdc wns neran`y nt tma mktae ekkbjdc jd kd ndktmar pntjadt wjtm `jnrrman, nd` succa

YGLK Cnk mnva YGLK Fjdc ekkb jd kd mar _keudtaar (YG_ Gnstea). YGLK Cnk r

snyjdc tmnt sma mn` tneba` wjtm tma pntjadt tmnt lkrdjdc.

YGLK Gmrjstjnd stnta` tmnt nt 6879 p.l., sma ragajva` n gnee orkl YGLK Fjdc tmnt daaà` mar nt tma mktae. YGLK Gmrjstjnd, wmk wns raturdjdc orkl eudgm, trja` tk ca

tkkb n ekdc tjla. Npprkxjlntaey >1 ljdutas entar, sma ragajva` n sagkd` gnee, tmjs tjYGLK Cnk.

YGLK Gmrjstjnd snj` sma nrrjva` nt tma mktae nt nfkut 78>1 p.l. Wma wadt tk YG_ Gwmara sma axnljda` mjl. Wma snj` YG_ Gnstea wns tnebjdc nd` ndswarjdc mar quast

Gmrjstjnd trja` tk tnba mjs FY usjdc n lndune guoo fut gkue` dkt àtagt mjs FY. Wma s

tmkucmt mar statmksgkpa wns jd tma wrkdc penga. Wma gkue` dkt faejava tmnt mjs FY gekw fagnusa ma wns tnebjdc tk mar, nd` ekkba` jee, fut dkt tmnt jee. YGLK Gmrjstjnd rsma gkue` dkt cat n FY, YG_ Gnstea wns tkk wanb tk wneb tk tma Yanga Gkrps vamjge

Fjdc gneea` okr nd nlfuendga. Ojva tk >1 ljdutas entar, YG_ Gnstea vkljta` axpeksj

YGLKs Gmrjstjnd nd` Cnk turda` YG_ Gnstea kd mjs sjà. Ma eny kd mjs sjà okr n gljdutas, nd` tmad struccea` tk sjt up. Ma wns sjttjdc up wjtm dk suppkrt tk mjs fngb,

YG_ Gnsteas frantmjdc fagnla vary àap, sekw nd` prkdkudga`, tmad ma su`àdey

YGLK Gmrjstjnd smkuta` jdtk YG_ Gnsteas anr jo ma gkue` manr mar. Ma dk`à` nd`

ma snj` yas. Pma YGLKs enj` YG_ Gnstea kd mjs sj a, nd` ma wns udraspkdsjva. YGGmrjstjnd ruffa` mjs gkeenrfkda fut ma `j` dkt raspkd`. Pma YGLKs bapt YG_ Gnst

ejstadjdc tk mjs manrt, wmjgm wns fantjdc rnpjèy. Pmay gneea` tma nlfuendga ncnjd tkwmara jt wns.

Pma nlfuendga `kgtkr nd` dursa, , nd` tma Yanga Gkrps `rjvar nrrjva` nt

tjla. Pma nlfuendga graw mn` n stratgmar. YGLK Gmrjstjnd wndta` tk usa tma nlfukxycad fut tma nlfuendga dursa pusma` YGLK Gmrjstjnd fngb ns axnljd

Gnstea. Pma nlfuendga graw penga` YG_ Gnstea kd n stratgmar nd` gnrrja` mjl `kwd

ko stnjrs tk tma nlfuendga. YGLK Gmrjstjnd stnta` tmnt YG_ Gnsteas man` wns mypkd tma curday, nd` tma graw tkkb tjla nd` mn` `joojguety tnbjdc mjl `kwdstnjrs.

YGLKs Gmrjstjnd nd` Cnk okrga` tmajr wny kdtk tma nlfuendga kvar kf


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lkdjtkr kd YG_ Gnstea, fut mn` n statmksgkpa kd mjs gmast, wmjgm wns lk

trndspkrt.

YGLK Gmrjstjnd snj` tmnt wmad tma nlfuendga nrrjva` nt tma mkspjtne, YG_ Gnstea w

frantmjdc. Wma snj` tmnt avarykda pusma` mar kut ko tma wny nd` tkkb YG_ Gnstea tk

tma stratgmar. Smad sma gnucmt up wjtm tmal, tmay wara parokrljdc GYV, `kjdc gklgkdtjdukusey ns tmay trja` tk cat nd J_ jdtk mjs oaat, tmad ojdneey jdtk mjs hucuenr vajd

Gnsteas manrt stnrta` ncnjd, ma wns lkva` tk tma JGQ.

Jd n okeekw-up jdtarvjaw, YGLK Gmrjstjnd snj` tmnt kxycad wns nvnjenfea kd tma sga

nlfuendga graw frkucmt nd kxycad pjeekw, fut tmnt rasjsta` usjdc jt. Wma kxycad lnsb wns dkt usa` jd tma mktae nd` wns udsura jo jt wns usa` jd tma nlfuend

tmnt jdtufntjkd nd` enrydcane lnsb njrwny wara dkt nvnjenfea kd sgada kr jd tma nlf

Nt KJCs raquast, Q.W. Gkd

Gmadcù, jdtarvjawa` , tma nlfuendga `kgtkr `jspntgma` fy >69 (tma aq

:>> `jspntgm) orkl tma Yakpeas Mkspjtne Dulfar 3 (saa Axmjfjt 6>). stntawns dktjoja` fy >69 tmnt tmara wns nd alarcadgy gnsa. Wma gneea` tma pntjadt usjdc tdulfar prkvjà` fy >69, nd` n oalnea pjgba` up tma pmkda nd` tke` mar tmara wns n

gnsa. Dk ktmar àtnjes wara prkvjà`.

stnta` tmnt tma nlfuendga nrrjva` nt tma mktae nt 7877 p.l. Pmara wns n Gm

nd` nd Nlarjgnd oalnea jd YG_ Gnsteas rkkl. RNcadts Dkta8 wns raoarr

YGLKs Cnk nd` Gmrjstjnd, raspagtjvaey.\ Wma snw tma pntjadt kd tma fa`, nd` kfsar

nrls nd` eacs wara gke`, tmara wns craad vkljt fasjà mjl, nd` jt wns nppnradt tma pntjadt wns vary fn`. Wma snj` maeek tk YG_ Gnstea, wmk cnva mar n wanb raspkdsa.

oalnea tke` mar tmnt tma _keudtaar mn` faad vkljtjdc wjtm `jnrrman okr tmraa `nys.pendda` tk n`ljdjstar J_ oeuj`s, gmagb YG_ Gnsteas FY, fekk` sucnr, nd` kxycad s

snj` sma mn` n `jsputa wjtm tma YGLKs, jdsjstjdc tmnt J_ oeuj`s fa n`ljdj

jlla`jntaey, wmjea tmay jdsjsta` sagura frantmjdc js tkp prjkrjty. Wma snj` tmnt tmajdtaroara` wjtm mar gnra.

snj` tmnt jd tma nlfuendga, YGLK Gmrjstjnd turda` YG_ Gnstea kd mjs sj`parljssjkd, nd` YG_ Gnsteas man` mjt tma latne a`ca ko stratgmar savarne tjlas.

tk stkp jt fut YGLK Cnk tke` mar tmnt YGLK Gmrjstjnd wns n qunejoja` alarcadgy

tmay bdkw mkw tk àne wjtm tmjs sjtuntjkd, nee tma jdstrugtjkd fy RYGLK Gmrjstjnd\ l


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jd n okeekw-up jdtarvjaw wmy YG_ Gnstea wns dkt jdtufnta`, genjla

Gnstea wns jdtufnta` vjn mjs dkstrjes wmad tma nlfuendga graw nrrjva` nt tma mktae.

Nlfuendga Vagkr`s

prkvjà` Gmjdasa endcunca gkpjas ko tma nlfuendga ragkr`, nlfuendga `kgnd` tma trndspkrt raquast. KJC kftnjda` nd` ravjawa` nd Adcejsm trndsentjkd ko tma `

Pma nlfuendga ragkr` jd`jgnta` tmnt tma nlfuendga graw ragajva` tma gnee nt 7861 p

nrrjva` kd sjta nt tma mktae nt 7877 p.l., nd` àpnrta` nt 7807 p.l. Pma nlfuendga nr

mkspjtne nt 0869 p.l. YG_ Gnsteas nrtarjne kxycad snturntjkd wns =1 pargadt. YG_ Gwns jd`jgnta` tk mnva faad àgransjdc orkl ?= tk ?9 nd` mjs FY wns udlansurnfea.

jd`jgnta` tma okeekwjdc alarcadgy ngtjkd tnbad8

>. Kooar kxycad

6. Astnfejsmjdc vajd gmnddae7. La`jgjda trantladt8 1 pargadt CD7 619 le

Pma rapkrt jdgeuà` tma okeekwjdc dnrrntjva stntaladt8

Yntjadt Gnstea, Djgmkens, lnea, 60 yanrs ke`. Kd Hnd 6=, 69>7 nt >1861, wa vjsjta` Bamun Zund M

tk gkllnd`s orkl >69 gadtar. Craad vkljt wns kfsarva` fasjà pntjadt upkd nrrjvne, mjs ejlfs

wa gkue` dkt spanb mjs endcunca, tma nggklpndyjdc `kgtkr (Gmjdasa) stnta` tmnt tma pntjadt mn`

okr tma pnst tmraa `nys wjtm `jnrrman, nd` tmay gneea` >69 tk`ny fagnusa tmay okud` tma FY ko pn

fa lansura` notar tmay ckt tk tma mktae. Yntjadt wns trndsoarra` tk tma nlfuendga jlla`jntaey nd

nggklpndyjdc `kgtkr (Gmjdasa) raquasta` tk trndsoar tma pntjadt tk Munxj Mkspjtne nd` stnta` tmn

gkdtngta` wjtm Munxj Cke` Gnr` Mkspjtne. Notar tma pntjadt fknrà` tma nlfuendga, kxycad wns

nggklpndyjdc `kgtkr (Gmjdasa) wns nsba` tk gkdtngt tma alarcadgy àpnrtladt nt Munxj Mkspjtma dursa wns nsba` tk astnfejsm vajd gmnddae ejquj` suppealadt nt kdga. Notar wa tkkb gnra ko tm

`j`dt mnva vkljt ncnjd. Kd tma nlfuendga, nggklpndyjdc `kgtkr (QWN) strkdcey raquasta` tk p

eaot gejdkstntjsl nd` mjdàra` trndsousjkd trantladt, wa trja` tk stkp Rmar\ fut jt `j`dt wkrb, tma

`kgtkr (QWN) marsaeo penga` pntjadt Reyjdc kd mjs eaot sjà\ nd` gnusa` tma pntjadts man` gkeej`jd

tjlas kd tma ejotar. Sa trja` tk axpenjd tk tma ktmar nggklpndyjdc `kgtkr (Gmjdasa) nd` nsba` ma

wmjea sma snj` tmnt fktm ko tma `kgtkrs wara gartjoja` wjtm alarcadgy nj` qunejojgntjkds nd` jdsjs

trantladt lust fa gkdùgta` nggkr`jdc tk raqujraladt ko QWN `kgtkrs nd` nee ktmar trantladts

jlpkrtndt. Notar wa trja` lndy tjlas fut jdaooagtjva, vajd gmnddae ejquj` suppealadt wns astnf

sjà ekgntjkd nd` lkdjtkr aqujpladt wara jdstneea`, tmad pntjadt wns trndsoarra` tk Munxj Mkspj

àpnrtladt.

Nlfuendga Jdtufntjkd Gnpnfjejty

prkvjà` jdokrlntjkd gkdgardjdc Gmadcù nlfuendga kparntjkds (saa Axmj


24/31

snj` tmnt kd Hndunry 6=, 69>7, nt nfkut 1899 p.l., tke`tmnt YG_ Gnstea wns jd tma mkspjtne. Pma twk _keudtaars wadt tk tma mk

rkkl. YGLK Gmrjstjnd gnla kut ko tma AV. nsba` jo jt wns tma snl

YG_ Gnstea mn` faokra. YGLK Gmrjstjnd snj` tmay `j` dkt bdkw. jeedassas skudà` sjljenr tk mar8 vjkeadt, axpeksjva vkljtjdc tmrkucmkut tma `ny. Wm

avarykda nt JWP wns sjgb nd` YG_ Gnstea ckt ekst jd tma grkw`.

Munxj Mkspjtne Vagkr`s

KJC mn` tma Gmjdasa `kguladts prkvjà` fy tma Munxj Mkspjtne trndsenta` (saa Axm

`kguladts jd`jgnta` tmnt YG_ Gnstea nrrjva` nt tma mkspjtne nt 089= p.l.Qpkd rangmmkspjtne, ma mn` dk puesa, wns dkt frantmjdc, nd` tma mkspjtne stnoo jlla`jntaey facn

ragkr`s jd`jgnta` tmnt tma okeekwjdc alarcadgy trantladt wns prkvjà`8

>. Jlla`jnta ad`ktrngmane jdtufntjkd RNcadts Dkta8 tmjs js tma ojrst ragkrà` jd

jdtufntjkd.\

6.

GYV7. Astnfejsmjdc jdtardne hucuenr vajd nggass ramy`rntjkd

Nt 086? p.l., YG_ Gnsteas manrt rastnrta`, nd` ma wns trndsoarra` tk tma JGQ. Kd O

69>7, wjtm mjs onljeys gkdsadt, YG_ Gnstea wns ralkva` orkl ejoa suppkrt aqujplJGQ nd` wns àgenra` gejdjgneey àn` nt 38>0 p.l.

N@@JPJKDNE DKPAW

snj` tma G@ Pmja gneea` nd` tke` mjl tmnt YG_ Gnstea mn` hust pnssa` nw

àsgrjfa` tk tma jeedass tmnt YG_ Gnstea mn` jd Pkdcra

69>6. snj` tmnt tma àsgrjptjkd skudà` vary sjljenr tk tma Hndunry avad

snj` tmnt prjkr tk YG_ Gnsteas àntm ma mn` davar saad kr dktjga` ndy s

Gnstea tnbjdc ndy trn`jtjkdne la`jgjda, kr ndytmjdc udusune. snj` tmnt K

jdtarvjaw ko Huda >0, 69>0, wns tma ojrst tjla tmnt n Yanga Gkrps adtjty tneba` tk mjljlla`jnta notarlntm ko YG_ Gnsteas àntm.

Vasjcdntjkd ko YGLK Cnk


25/31

LA@JGNE NWWAWWLADP>6

KJC gkdùgta` n ourtmar la`jgne nssassladt ko tma gejdjgne trantladt ko YG_ Gnsteanssjstndga ko nd jdàpadàdt la`jgne prkoassjkdne. YG_ Gnstea wns n twadty-tmraa y

pntjadt wjtmkut nppnradt sjcdjojgndt udàreyjdc la`jgne kr surcjgne gkd`jtjkds, wmk

axparjadga` n rnpj` àgejda nd` prkcrassa` tk n smkgb stnta wjtmjd savarne `nys. Kurokud` tmnt tma rnpj` àgejda jd YG_ Gnsteas manetm tmnt ea` tk mjs àntm wns udgkll

ktmarwjsa ykudc, manetmy jd`jvjùne.

Pma la`jgne axnljdars ojdne `jncdksjs wns vjrne cnstrkadtarjtjs, nd` ma kpjda` tmnt

Gnsteas gnusa ko àntm wns lkst prkfnfey vjrne cnstrkadtarjtjs tmnt rasueta` jd savaàmy`rntjkd, luetj-krcnd onjeura nd` adà` wjtm garafrne aàln nd` nguta pdaulkd

avjàdga wns okud` jd tma nutkpsy tk succast nd udàreyjdc `jsansa gkd`jtjkd kr tkx

Kd tma lkrdjdc ko Hndunry 6=, YG_ Gnstea tke` YGLK Cnk kd tma pmkda tmnt ma mn

axparjadga` nt eanst ajcmt apjskàs ko vkljtjdc nd` mn` tmraa apjskàs ko wntary stktwk `ny parjk`.

>7YG_ Gnstea ourtmar dkta` oaaejdc oavarjsm tma `ny faokra, wjtm lj

fekntjdc nd` manrtfurd, nd` tmnt mjs urjda kutput wns àgransa` nd` `nrb. Pma la

`kguladtntjkd `kas dkt jd`jgnta YG_ Gnsteas tktne oeuj` jdtnba sjdga tma vkljtjdc nfacnd.@urjdc n sufsaquadt pmysjgne axnljdntjkd ko YG_ Gnstea nt :879 n.l., YGLàtarljda` ma wns dkt jd ndy nguta `jstrass, ma wns neart, nwnba, raspkdsjva, nd` kr

dnla, penga, tjla nd` purpksa. Mar pmysjgne axnl jd`jgnta` ma mn` tma okeekwjdc8 t

:3.= Onmradmajt, kxycad snturntjkd ko :? pargadt, puesa 1:, FY :1/?6, raspjrntkry rnn dkrlne nf`kljdne axnl.

YG_ Gnstea wns nt nd jdgransa` rjsb ko gejdjgne àtarjkrntjkd cjvad8 (>) mjs mjstkry k

cnstrkadtarjtjs jeedass rasuetjdc jd wajcmt ekss nd` raqujrjdc ma ragajva J_ oeuj`s nt ntmraa lkdtms anrejar2 (6) mjs mjstkry ko gjprkoekxngjd jdtkearndga rasuetjdc jd vkljtjd

ontjcua2 (0) mjs àgransa` urjdakutput2 (1) nd` mjs axtadsjva vkljtjdc kvar savarne manrey lkrdjdc ko Hndunry 6=.

>0YGLK Cnk `kguladta` YG_ Gnsteas ejps wara `ry

nppanra` ontjcua`, fut tmara js dk jd`jgntjkd sma gkdsjàra` ma wns nt nd jdgransa` r

sma gkdùgta` n``jtjkdne nssassladts tk àtarljda tma prasadga ko àmy`rntjkd/myp

sugm ns axnljdjdc mjs sbjd turckr (sbjd js eass aenstjg wmad àmy`rnta`) kr tnbjdc mj

>6Kur nssassladt wns fnsa` kd tma nvnjenfea mjstkry, pmysjgne axnljdntjkds, `jncdkstjg rasuets, enfk

tmarnpy prkvjà`.>7Pma ragkr` js udgeanr nfkut tma axtadt ko YG_ Gnsteas vkljtjdc ùrjdc tma twk `ny parjk`. YGLK

dktas stnta tmnt YG_ Gnstea vkljta` okur tk ojva tjlas kd >/6?/69>7 nd` tmraa tjlas kd >/63/69>7, fu


26/31

FY nd` puesa.>1

Mn` sma `kda sk, sma lny mnva ragkcdjza` tma savarjty ko mjs

àmy`rntjkd/mypkvkealjn nd` sadt mjl tk tma mkspjtne kr tma Yanga Gkrps koojga okr

lkrdjdc, kr nt eanst jdstrugta` sklakda tk kfsarva mjs oeuj` jdtnba kvar tma daxt oku

Jdstan`, YGLK Cnk tranta` YG_ Gnstea okr lje` àmy`rntjkd fy prasgrjfjdc nd krne

(gjprkoekxngjd), ndtj-dnusan/vkljtjdc la`jgntjkd, nd` jdgransa` oeuj`s jdtnba usjdc Cnk prasgrjfa` YG_ Gnstea > ejtar ko KVW nd` 6 ejtars ko ktmar oeuj`s. Wma kfsarva`

okr 79 tk 09 ljdutas notar prasgrjfjdc KVW nd` dkta` jd mar la`jgne dktas tmnt YG_

tkearnta` tma npprkxjlntaey = kz. ko krne oeuj`s jdtnba.

Kda ko tma raeavndt neckrjtmls

>?

okr ragkcdjzjdc nd` trantjdc nùets wjtm mypkvkealprkvjàr tk ranssass tma pntjadt racuenrey ùrjdc tma ojrst sjx mkurs. Mkwavar, dk k

lkdjtkrjdc kr ranssassladt ko YG_ Gnstea gkd`jtjkd wns `kguladta`. Pk tma gkdtrnavjàdga jd`jgntas YGLK Cnk eaot YG_ Gnsteas mktae rkkl nt npprkxjlntaey >9879

`j` dkt raturd udtje 6879 p.l., notar sma wns tke` tmnt tma mktae geandjdc en`y rapkrta`

vkljta` kd mjs smaats. Axnlpeas ko pktadtjne kptjkds tk lkdjtkr tma pntjadt lny mnvsad`jdc YG_ Gnstea tk tma AV kr trndspkrtjdc mjl tk tma Yanga Gkrps koojga okr lkd

trantladt (nookr`jdc tma kppkrtudjty tk prkvjà J_s jo daaà`). Netmkucm la`jgne l

wkue` mnva faad praoarra` jd tmjs gnsa, nt n ljdjlul YGLK Cnk gkue` mnva prkpkjd`jvjùne ralnjd nt tma mktae rkkl tk lkdjtkr YG_ Gnsteas oeuj` jdtnba wjtm jdstrugkdtngt mar jo tma kfsarvar fagnla gkdgarda`.

KJCs ravjaw gkdgeuà` tmnt YGLK Cnk onjea` tk usa pruàdt hu`cladt jd mar trantGnstea kd tma lkrdjdc ko Hndunry 6= fagnusa, netmkucm sma prkparey kràra` KVW nd

onjea` tk ranssass YG_ Gnstea ùrjdc tma daxt okur mkurs nd` tmara js dk jd`jgntjkd sm

YG_ Gnstea wns nt n mjcmar rjsb ko gejdjgne àtarjkrntjkd kr gkdùgta` ourtmar tasts tk

àmy`rntjkd/mypkvkealjn.

KJCs ravjaw nesk gkdgeuà` tmnt kd tma notardkkd ko Hndunry 6= tmara wara gnsgn`jnd` àenys jd tma trantladt ko YG_ Gnstea. Qpkd adtarjdc YG_ Gnsteas rkkl, YGL

dkt ragkcdjza tma sjtuntjkd wns grjtjgne. YGLK Cnk `j` dkt jlla`jntaey gnee okr nd

àspjta eanrdjdc orkl tma mktae geandjdc en`y tmnt YG_ Gnstea mn` faad vkljtjdc, nd

tmnt mjs puesa wns >69 nd` mjs raspjrntkry rnta wns >:sjcds ko mypkvkealjn. Smadudnfea tk àtagt YG_ Gnsteas FY kd nd aeagtrjg FY guoo, sma gneea` tma pkst okr n ra

guoo prasuljdc aqujpladt onjeura rntmar tmnd parmnps n FY tkk ekw tk àtagt. YGLKgnee okr nd nlfuendga avad notar mar gkeeancua, n gnr`jkekcjst, tke` mar YG_ Gnstea djd 79 ljdutas kr ma js ckjdc tk `ja. Vntmar, sma nsba` ndktmar YGLK tk gkla tk t

J_ oeuj`s tk fa frkucmt orkl tma pkst la`jgne udjt, nd` okr n pkst `rjvar tk trndspkrt

mktae, wjtmkut jdokrljdc tma `rjvar tmnt jt wns nd alarcadgy sjtuntjkd. Smad YGLK


27/31


28/31

Gkdtjdcadgy Yends tmnt Wuppkrt Fattar @agjsjkd Lnbjdc.Pk àvaekp aooagtjva g

jt js jlpkrtndt tk ndtjgjpnta tma pkssjfjejty ko onjeura. @agjsjkd lnbjdc fy jd`jvjùne

wkrbars àpad`s kdtrnjdjdc tk prapnra okr udaxpagta` avadts fnsa` kd tnsbs jdvkevnd` saeo-nwnradass.>:Okr axnlpea, wmad tmara nra gkdgards nfkut tma ekgne manetmgn

YGLKs smkue` arr kd tma sjà ko gnutjkd, avad wmad n pntjadts gkd`jtjkd nppanrs r

>. Gkdsjàr àvaekpjdc gkdtjdcadgy pends tmnt àgransa tma pkssjfjejty ko gkdou

jlprkva aoojgjadgy.

6. Gkdsjàr trnjdjdc kr ktmar lansuras tmnt lny jlprkva tanl fnsa` famnvjkrs

grjsjs tk yjae` àgjsjkd-lnbjdc tk tma lkst axparjadga` nd` bdkwea`canfea j

7.

Gkdsjàr raqujrjdc YGLKs rkutjdaey usa stnd`nr` kràr sats okr tma lkst oragkd`jtjkds, nd` gmagbejsts okr nssurjdc ljdjlul ck-fnc oudgtjkdne aqujpla

suppejas, tk raùga tma aooagt ko mulnd ongtkrs sugm ns strass kr ontjcua.

Gklludjgntjkd.YGLK Cnk `j` dkt udàrsgkra tma urcadgy ko tma pntjadts sjtunt

raqujrjdc nssjstndga.

0. Adsura tmnt YGLKs geanrey nrtjguenta tma àcraa ko urcadgy wmad raquastjdc

pksts dkd-la`jgne raskurgas (a.c., `rjvar, gnr), jd alarcadgy nd` dkdalarcsjtuntjkds.

Panlwkrb.Wjluentjdc grjtjgne avadts, nbjd tk `jsnstar `rjees, maeps jlprkva gkkr`jd

snoaty, nd` kutgklas. Pmasa sjluentjkds maep fuje` tanlwkrb nd` ojd` pktadtjne àodkd-oudgtjkdjdc aqujpladt, onjeura tk jdtufnta n grjtjgneey jee pntjadt, onjeura tk mnva

npprkprjntaey aqujppa` nlfuendga, nd` onjeura tk mnva n tanl eanàr).

1.

Gkdsjàr n``jtjkdne staps, sugm ns raqujrjdc pksts tk sjluenta grjtjgne avadts,gklludjgntjkds nd` tanlwkrb nlkdc la`jgne stnoo nd` wjtm alarcadgy pr

>=Gkdtaxt wkue` jdgeuà8 engb ko dagassnry lntarjne, udsarvjganfea aqujpladt, nvnjenfea manetmgnr

gnpnfjejtjas, ekgne guetura, atg.>:Waeo-Nwnradass wkue` jdgeuà8 ejljts ko axpartjsa, ontjcua, jdaxparjadga, daw tk hkf, dacntjva ejo69Wuccasta` Vaskurgas8

Hnlas Vanskd, Pma Mulnd Gkdtrjfutjkd8 Qdsnoa Ngts, Nggjàdts nd` Markjg Vagkvarjas, (QNsmcnta, 699=)2

Hnlas Vanskd,Lndncjdc tma Vjsbs ko Krcndjzntjkdne Nggjàdts, (Qdjta` Bjdc`kl8 Nsmcnta, 6993)2

Pma wafsjta ko tma Q.W. @apnrtladt ko Manetm nd` Mulnd Warvjgas, Ncadgy okr Manetmgnra Vasan

PanlWPAYYW, nggassa` Waptalfar :, 69>0, mttp8//tanlstapps.nmrq.ckv/ RPanlWPAYYW js nd

avjàdga-fnsa` tanlwkrb systal (jdjtjneey àvaekpa` jd tma ljejtnry) njla` nt kptjljzjdc pntja

jlprkvjdc gklludjgntjkd nd` tanlwkrb sbjees nlkdc manetm gnra prkoassjkdnes. Jt jdgeuàs n gklp
http://teamstepps.ahrq.gov/http://teamstepps.ahrq.gov/http://teamstepps.ahrq.gov/


29/31

Ndgmkrjdc.Ndgmkrjdc js n gkcdjtjva fjns tmnt àsgrjfas tma gkllkd mulnd tadàd

manvjey kd tma ojrst pjaga ko jdokrlntjkd kooara`. Pma Yanga Gkrps YGLKs wara nes

kr sjx ktmar _keudtaars wmk wara nttad`jdc trnjdjdc nekdc wjtm YG_ Gnstea nd` wmkstnyjdc jd tma snla mktae, wmk nesk rapkrta` mnvjdc cnstrkjdtastjdne jeedassas fut `j`

vjkeadtey jee. Pma Yanga Gkrps mns neran`y tnbad staps tk aùgnta YGLKs nfkut tma `

ndgmkrjdc fjns.

Prnjdjdc. Cnstrkjdtastjdne jeedass js tma manetm jssua lkst gkllkdey rapkrta` fy Ya

_keudtaars, lkra tmnd `kufea tma sagkd` lkst rapkrta` manetm jssua. Pmkucm àntm o

cnstrkadtarjtjs js udgkllkd jd ktmarwjsa ykudc, manetmy jd`jvjùnes, trnjdjdc js jlp

ljtjcntjdc rjsb.

?. Gkdsjàr admndga` trnjdjdc okr Yanga Gkrps manetmgnra stnoo, nd` _keudtaarnpprkprjnta, tk ragkcdjza, `kguladt, nd` trant sylptkls nd` sjcds ko mypkv

àmy`rntjkd.

Vagkr`-baapjdc.Ckk` ragkr`-baapjdc js grjtjgne tk adsura prkpar lndncaladt ko t

waee ns jlprkva tma qunejty ko trantladt prkvjà` tk outura pntjadts.

3. Wat kr rajdokrga tma axpagtntjkd okr pmysjgjnds nd` manetmgnra prkoassjkdnes t

nd` tjla nee kràrs, dktas, nd` adtrjas.

=. Gkdsjàr jlprkvjdc gurradt prkgassas okr adsurjdc gklpejndga wjtm ncadgy

ragkr`s stnd`nr`s. Jdtarljttadt, jdàpadàdt ravjaws smkue` fa gkdsjàra` tknggkudtnfjejty.

Gkeeagtjkd nd` Ndneysjs ko Danr Ljss @ntn.N danr ljss js nd udjdtadtjkdne avadt

ean` tk pntjadt mnrl. Jt js gkdsjàra` n ra` oenc okr pktadtjne outura jdhury kr lkrtnejtn pktadtjne gmnjd ko avadts tmnt ean`s tk tma danr ljss. Wystal jssuas ko eanàrsmjp, laqujpladt, alpekyaa nwnradass, tanl-fnsa` famnvjkrs, nd` mulnd ongtkrs lny ean

ljss kr jdhury. Pmara nra lndy lkra danr ljssas tmnd mnrls. N systal ko geksa-gnee

gkeeagtjkd js usaoue tk astnfejsm pnttards nd` krcndjzntjkdne prjkrjtjas/raskurgas tk as

tnrcata` jdtarvadtjkds. @ntn gkeeagtjkd systals lny fa prk-ngtjva (manetmgnra wkrbarapkrtjdc) kr rangtjva (rkkt-gnusa ndneysjs). Jt js ragklladà` fktm mnrl nd` danr-l

rapkrtjdc systals neekw okr ndkdylkus rapkrtjdc nd` okeekw nd neckrjtml tk astnfej

wns dacejcadga, mulnd, kr ktmar ongtkrs jdvkeva`.6>Pma rasuets ko sugm ravjaws smktk jlprkva snoaty systals nd` raùga rjsb vjn trnjdjdc, oaa`fngb, nd` parokrlndga.

:. Gkdsjàr astnfejsmjdc kr rajdokrgjdc n systalntjg latmk` tk gkeeagt nd` `jsg

avadts.


30/31

WQLLNVZ KO OJD@JDCW

@urjdc KJCs jdvastjcntjva ravjaw ko tma ongts nd` gjrgulstndgas surrkud`jdc tma `Gnstea, wa jdtarvjawa` lkra tmnd n `kzad wjtdassas nd` ravjawa` nd` trndsenta` la

racnr`jdc YGLK Cnks trantladt ko YG_ Gnstea jd Kgtkfar 69>6 nd` Hndunry 69>7

cnstrkadtarjtjs. Jd n``jtjkd, wa ravjawa` tma ncadgys sadtjdae prkgass nd` ratnjda` axpart tk ravjaw tma gnra prkvjà` fy tma Yanga Gkrps.

N tmkrkucm ravjaw ko tma gnsa jd`jgntas tmnt tma rnpj` àgejda jd YG_ Gnsteas manet

mjs àntm wns udgkllkd jd nd ktmarwjsa ykudc, manetmy jd`jvjùne. KJCs ravjaw gtmnt YGLK Cnk onjea` tk usa pruàdt hu`cladt jd mar trantladt ko YG_ Gnstea jd tm

Hndunry 6= àspjta mjs luetjpea sylptkls ko àmy`rntjkd/mypkvkealjn. Wma kràra`

ktmar oeuj`s, fut onjea` tk ranssass YG_ Gnstea ùrjdc tma daxt okur mkurs.

KJCs ravjaw nesk gkdgeuà` tmnt jd tma notardkkd ko Hndunry 6= tmara wara gnsgn`jd

nd` àenys jd tma trantladt ko YG_ Gnstea. Qpkd adtarjdc YG_ Gnsteas rkkl, YGLdkt ragkcdjza tma sjtuntjkd wns grjtjgne. YGLK Cnk `j` dkt jlla`jntaey gnee okr nd

àspjta sjcds ko àmy`rntjkd/mypkvkealjn, nd` n wnrdjdc orkl n oaeekw YGLK tmntdaaà` nd J_ jd 79 ljdutas kr ma js ckjdc tk `ja. Vntmar, sma nsba` n `jooaradt YGtk tma mktae, okr J_ oeuj`s tk fa frkucmt orkl tma pkst la`jgne udjt, nd` okr n pkst `r

trndspkrt tma J_ tk tma mktae, wjtmkut jdokrljdc tma `rjvar tmnt jt wns nd alarcadgy

Smad YGLK Cnk ojdneey gneea` okr nd nlfuendga, sma onjea` tk gkdvay mjs grjtjgne gtaeejdc tma ojrst raspkdàrs tmnt YG_ Gnstea daaà` tk ck tk tma mkspjtne fagnusa ma m

`jnrrman okr savarne `nys.

KJCs ravjaw nesk àtarljda` tmara wara sjcdjojgndt onjeuras wjtm tma gnra prkvjà`Gmjdasa nlfuendga ALPs. Pma ALPs onjea` tk gkdtrke tma sjtuntjkd fktm jd tma mkta

jd tma nlfuendga. Nt tma tjla ko YG_ Gnsteas trndspkrtntjkd, ma raqujra` mjs njrwny

prktagta`, nàqunta kxycadntjkd, nd` n sjcdjojgndt nlkudt ko J_ oeuj`s. Kur ravjaw tma ALPs ejbaey `j` dkt jdtufnta YG_ Gnstea kr usa n enrydcane lnsb njrwny kd tma

tma nlfuendga. Pma ALPs okgusa` kd stnrtjdc nd J_ wmjea tma YGLKs sjdcuenrey ok

pksjtjkdjdc YG_ Gnstea kd mjs sjà tk prktagt mjs njrwny orkl kfstrugtjkd. Pmjs gkdo

jdtaroara` wjtm tma raspkdsa nd` gkdtjdua` jd tma nlfuendga ns tma ALPs nttalpta`J_. KJCs ravjaw gkdgeuà` YG_ Gnstea prkfnfey suggulfa` tk jdsuoojgjadtey trant

mypkvkealjg smkgb nd` àmy`rntjkd rasuetjdc jd gnr`jng nrrast tmnt wns nsskgjnta` w

cnstrkadtarjtjs oeuj` vkeula ekss orkl vkljtjdc nd` `jnrrman.

KJCs ravjaw nesk udgkvara` n``jtjkdne jdokrlntjkd wmjgm wmjea dkt gkdtrjfutjdc t


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redacted peace corps ig investigative review of a volunteer death in peace corps china i 13-020 ...

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