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INDEX

Abbas, Mahamoud ii, 6, 282 Abdullah II, King viii, 205, 246 Accountability 199 Acheson, Dean 16, 90, 95, 101, 106 Active Response Corps 194, 247 Adenauer, Konrad 215 Afghanistan vi, 5, 54-57, 84, 142, 174, 250 definition 8 Marshall Plan for 83, 142 MERP 153-54, 170-74, 186-89 rebuilding 9 Afghanistan Freedom Support Act 142 Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund 153 Aix Group 181-82 Ajami, Fouad 29, 223 Al-Aksa mosque viii, 31, 68 Albright, Madeleine viii, 133, 201, 239 MENA IV 133 Alexander the Great 4 Algeria 28, 58, 245 Alphonso X, the Learned 305 Al Qaeda 54, 140, 171 Operation Enduring Freedom 171 Amman viii, 256 see Jordan Amman Declaration (MENA II) 233-34 Anderson, Jack 113 Andrea Doria 113 Arab Common Market 213 Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development 280 Arab Human Development Report 21, 156, 159, 208-09

350 Index

245, 277 Arab League 156, 280 aid 32 Condoleeza Rice 68 myths 280-81 population 29 Arab Road-Map 130, 180 Arafat, Yasir viii, xi, 6, 13, 23, 27, 70, 195, 246, 278-79 Tony Blair 26 George W. Bush 70 MENA II 233, 235 mistrust of 32 Armitrage, Richard 172 Aron, Raymond 15, 96 Association of Southeast Asian Nations 61 Austria 44, 92 Aznar, Jose-Maria 146 Azoulay, Andre viii, 228 Baker, James III 53 see Iraq Study Group Balfour Declaration 165 Barak, Ehud viii, 15, 33, 59 free trade zone 54 strategy 61-62 Syria 54 Barcelona process 150, 223 see Euro-Mediterranean Partnership Beilin, Yossi 227 Belgium 92 Bell, William 35 Ben-Ami, Shlomo 54, 80 BENELUX 214, 216-17

Index 351

Bevin, Ernest 91-92 Biden, Joseph R. 53 big brother 301 bilateral trade 204 Bilmes, Linda 186-89 bin Khalifa Al Thani 238 bin Talab, Hassan 213-14 Blair, Tony 26, 150, 202 blacklisting 128 Bland, Larry xiii Bin Laden, Osama 9 Bonds, John 89, 95 border closures 30-31, 33, 38, 68-69, 237, 262 Borovich, Ivan 44 Bremer, Paul 53 Bretton Woods 22, 278 broader Middle East 304 see Middle East, Reawakening Broader Middle East and North Africa Initiative 151 Brookings Institution 84, 129 Brown, Gordon 132 Brown, Lewis 87 Buffet, Warren 165 Bukhara 3 Bulgaria 80 Bush, George H. 228, 246, 282 Bush, George W. ii, iii, vi, x, xi, 10, 21, 70, 126, 136, 193- 95, 202, 247, 250, 278 Afghanistan 56, 83, 142, 174 broader Middle East 7 Condoleeza Rice 67 criticism of 141 Marshall Plan 83

352 Index

Middle East Free Trade Area 247 Millinneum Challenge Account 142 Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance 53 road-map 1 Bush-Sharon Plan 139 Business Data Israel 39 Business Week 43 Cairo viii, 207 MENA III 236-38 Cairo Declaration (MENA III) 237 Camp David 222, 282 Casablanca viii Casablanca Declaration (MENA I) 228-29, 292 Center for Middle East Business Studies, Rutgers 229 Center for Strategic and International Studies 174 Center of Middle East Community 275-76 Central Asia vii, 3-5, 58, 77 silk-route 4 Chapter 169-Public Law 472 see U.S. Foreign Assistance Act of 1948 Charmy, Joel 171 Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States 147-49 China x, 22, 294 Christopher, Warren viii, 228, 237 Churchill, Winston 14 Marshall Plan 88, 111, 115 Clayton, Will 86, 90, 121, 127, 213 Clifford, Clark 106 Clinton, Bill vii, 11, 70, 132-33, 207, 227, 279, 282 MENA 228 Palestinian Media Center 207 Clinton-Mitchell Plan 180

Index 353

closures: see border closures Coalition Provisional Authority 177 Coca-Colanization 108 Cohen, Roger 140 Committee for Economic Growth of Israel 181 common management 15 common market vi, 15, 135 see European Union common problems 15 Compact for Iraq 305 confidence building 260 conflicts 14 Congressional Research Service 174 conscience 259 consent 260 containment 14 corruption 199 Council on Foreign Relations 228, 242 Les Gelb 231 cross-border trade 204 customs union 79 Czechoslovakia 95, 96 Davis, Steven 189 deepening 297 Denmark 92 De Rato, Rodrigo 155 Deutch, John 9, 249 disassociation 130 disengagement 130, 203, 243 see Gaza, Portland Trust Doha, viii Doha Declaration 238-40

354 Index

MENA IV 238-40 Eban, Abba 213, 225-26 ECA: see Economic Cooperation Administration Ecevit, B. viii Economic Cooperation Act 104 Economic Cooperation Administration 94-95, 103, 109 Overseas Technical Assistance and Productivity Program 109 economic initiative 249 economic integration 202-47 economic reform 208-09 economic Road-Map 181-82 economic summits 224-47 Economist, The 21 Intelligence Unit 44 Marshall Plan 85 Egypt 28, 47-48, 58 free trade agreement 272 Marsa Alam Airport 48 trade partnership 206 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 112 Ellis, Hubert 100 Eran, Oded 62 Erekat, Saeb 30 Euro-Mediterranean Partnership 60, 150 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 58 European Coal and Steel Community vi, 216-17 European Economic Community vi, viii, 89, 120, 129, 199, 204 European Recovery Program see Marshall Plan European Union vi, 12-13, 60-61, 127, 259, 273, 294

Index 355

economic integration 203 MERP 149-50 name change 217 Oslo Accord 60, 135 Extraordinary Initiative for Reconstruction and Development of the Palestinian Economy 179-80 Fatah ii, 7 Fatahland 24 Fayad, Salam 25 Federation of Israeli Chamber of Commerce 39 films on the Marshall Plan 139-41 Financial Times, The 251 First World Islamic Economic Forum 247 Fischer, Stanley 292 Foreign Aid Appropriation Act of 1949, 105 Foreign Assistance Act 95, 166 foreign direct investment 220 free movement of 78 free trade ideology 211-12 Foundation for the Future 151, 184-85 Fourth Geneva Convention 51 France 15, 92 Fromkin, David 8 Frost, Robert 59 Fund for the Future 151 Garner, Jay 52, 161 Ganzouri, Prime Minister 237 Garten, Jeffrey E. 134 Gates, Robert M. iii, 249 Gaza ii, 5, 15, 23, 123 disengaged 44-45

356 Index

pover ty 30-31, 36 separation 30 Gaza Strip: see Gaza Gelb, Leslie 53, 231 Geneva Accord 180 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 278 Germany 15, 128 Marshall Plan 17, 86, 89, 92-93, 123 Giladi, Eival 243 Gilman, Benjamin 159 globalization 203, 241, 251, 295 Golan Heights 54 golden age 302 Goodpaster, Andrew J. 113-15 Gore, Al 26 governance 277 Greece 92, 107 Group of Eight 281 Group of Seven 196 Guiliani, Rudy 235 Gulf Cooperation Council 28, 60, 174 Gulf Plus Two 305 Gulf War (1991) 42, 174, 222, 282 Haass, Richard 179, 242, 246, 269, 281 Hadley, Steve J. 20, 249 Hamas ii, 5-7, 19, 23, 67, 128, 196 Hamastan 23 Hamilton, Lee 53 see Iraq Study Group Hansen, Peter 35 Harriman, Averall 16, 104 Harvard University 89

Index 357

Marshall Plan 89, 91, 94, 98, 122-24 Hassan I, King 226-27 Hassan, Crown Prince 229, 234 Henderson, Loy W. 101 Hezbollah ii, iv, 1, 5, 7, 48 see Lebanon hire purchase 210 Hitler, Adolph 10, 104, 122 Hoffman, Paul 95 Hogan, Michael J. 110 honest broker 283 Hugo, Victor 278 Hussein (King) viii, 47, 225, 232 Hussein, Saddam xi, 51, 152, 223 Hyde, Henry 157-58 Iceland 92 India x, 22 innovation 302 Interim Strategy Note 152-53 International Monetary Fund x, 22, 134, 278, 292 Iraq 49 MERP 152-57 Internet 208 Intifada II i, 36, 39, 41, 118, 292, 299 Iran 7-8 Iraq iii, vi, 49-53 Central Bank 49 rebuilding 9, 11 MERP 174-78, 185-86 Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund 50 Iraq Study Group ii, xi, 2, 19, 53, 137, 305 see Compact for Iraq, Gulf Plus Two 305

358 Index

Ireland 92 Isktayyeh, Mohammed 62 Islamic Developoment Bank 32 Islamic Free Trade Agreement 247 Israel vii, 1 Barak strategy 61-62 Business Data Israel 39 Central Bureau of Statistics 42 Chamber of Commerce 39 cross border trader 204-05 economic consequences 37 free trade agreements 61-62 Israel Manufacturers Association 38 MERP 192 Palestine 5 refugees 73-75 Tour Guide Association 40 Triangle, The 5, 12, 257-58 Israel-Jordan Chamber of Commerce 205 Israel Manufacturers Association 31 Israel Tour Guide Association 40 Japan vii, 39, 146 Jewish refugees 73-75, 286 JIPTA vii, 79, 249-278 Figure I, 255-56 Level One 256-57 Jordan 46-47, 205 cross-border trade 204-06 Palestinian refugees 72-73 U.S.-Jordan Free Trade Agreement 272 Jordan, Israel, Palestine Trade Agreement: see JIPTA

Index 359

Karimov I, viii Kazakhstan 5, 58 Kennan, George F. 117, 120, 122, 134 Kerry, John 199 Khalaf, Rima 159-60 Kimche, David 229 knowledge deficit 208 Koran 4, 210-11 Korean War 110 Kucik, Yossi 33 Kuwait 33 Kyrgyzstan 5 Lantos, Tom 158 Lebanon ii-iv, vi, xi, 1, 48-49, 190 MERP 190 reconstruction 3, 190 war of 2006, 42 see Hezbollah Le Monde 117 Lewis, Bernard 251 Libya 58, 156 Lincoln, Abraham 81 Lobbying 273-74 Luxembourg 92 Maastricht Treaty 217 MacArthur, Douglas 111-12 Machado, Barry 85, 87 Made in the Middle East 292-94 Madrid Conference 282 Makovsky, David 300 Malki, Riad 23

360 Index

Marshall, George v, xii, xiii, 83, 85, 130, 285 Marshall Doctrine 97 see U.S. Foreign Assistance Act of 1948 Marshall Foundation xii, xiii, 130 Marshall Plan ix, v, vi, x, xi, 10-12, 15, 16-17, 35, 70-71, 83-137, 283, 292 Eisenhower, Dwight 112 films on 140-143 Jordan 46 Korean War 110 lessons of 245 McCarthy, Joseph 110-13 Middle East Recovery Program (comparison) 117-132 Mutual Security Program 107 refugees 73-75 Sharansky 37 Sharon 35, 63 Soviet Union 98 see European Recovery Program McCarthy, Joseph R. 110-113 McCullough, David 85 MEC 249-78 Centers 275-76 Figure I & II 255-56 Institutions 274-75 Levels 257-59 Made in the Middle East 292-94 structure 270-72 Treaty 263-65 MEFTA 249-78 Level Two 258 MENA 73 MENA I 227-31

Index 361

MENA II 231-36 MENA III 236-38 MENA IV 238-40 MENAC 258-59 Level Three 258-59 MENACA 252, 296, 303 see Middle East, North Africa, Central Asia; Middle East Recovery Program MENACAFTA 249-78 Level Four 259 MENAFTA 249-78 MERP: see Middle East Recovery Program Middle East: see broader Middle East Middle East Commonwealth 225 Middle East Community Social Fund 268 Middle East Community Treaty 263-65 structure 270-71 Centers 275-76 Middle East Development Bank 237, 268 Middle East Economic Community 12, 130, 208 Middle East Economic Development Plan 181 Middle East Economic Strategy Group 292-93 Middle East Free Trade Agreement: see MEFTA Middle East Free Trade Area 247 Middle East/North Africa/Central Asia Free Trade Agreement: see MENACAFTA Middle East/North Africa Economic Conferences 207, 221- 247 Middle East/North Africa Economic Summits viii, ix, 163 Middle East, North Africa, Central Asia (MENACA) 7 Middle East/North Africa Free Trade Agreement: see MEFTA Middle East/North Africa Recovery Program 162

362 Index

Middle East Partnership Initiative 144 MERP 150-51 Middle East Peace and Cooperation Agreement 180-81 Middle East Recovery Program (MERP): ix, x 22, 57, 79, 115, 251, 304-05 abbreviated 329-332 Act 307, 327 Marshall Plan (comparison) 117-132 one trillion dollars 185-192 process summary 284 Millennium Challenge Account 142, 196 Millennium Declaration (UN) 143 Millennium Project 196 Mitchell, George 157, 180 Molotov, V. 98, 125 Monnet, Jean v, vi, 14, 214, 285 Morocco 5, 58 Mubarak, Hosni 47, 207, 236, 245 Muhammad 4 Murphy, Kevin 189 Mutual Security Program 107 NAFTA: see North American Free Trade Agreement Nasser, Gamal Abdul 215 National Priorities Project 1 National Security Presidential Directive 183 nation-building 14, 26, 133 Marshall Plan 84 Near East: see U.S. Department of State Netanyahu, Bibi viii, 225 MENA III 236 MENA IV 238 Netherlands, The 92

Index 363

New Deal 105 New Middle East, The 66, 163, 209, 224, 292 Newsweek 9, 104 New York Film Festival 139-141 New York Times 49, 140, 188 9/11, iii, 5, 17, 26, 41, 54, 116, 132, 223, 249, 278 economic integration 202 King Abdullah II, 205 Pakistan 57 Nobel Peace Prize 113-14 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 221, 271-72 Norway 92 OECD: see Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OEEC: see Organization for European Economic Cooperation Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance 52 Office of the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction 199 Oil for Food Program 53, 175 Oliver, George 51, 136, 184 Olmert, Ehud ii, viii, 5-7, 23, 196 Oman 8, 156 Operation Enduring Freedom 171 Operation Iraqi Freedom 50 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 107, 130 Organization for European Economic Cooperation 106, 130 see Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation Organization of the Islamic Conference 247

364 Index

Oslo Accord iv, 7, 13, 31, 65, 69, 201-02, 225, 240-42, 282 European Union 60, 62, 69 Marshall Plan 81 New Middle East 208 Overseas Technical Assistance and Productivity Program (TA&P) 109 Pakistan 5, 57 definition 8 Palanov, Leonid 180-81 Palestine (State of) ii, vi, vii, 5, 283 George W. Bush 11 MERP 154-56, 179-82, 191-93, 299 Portland Trust 243 reconstruction costs 191 refugees 71-73, 286 Palestinian Authority 7, 299 European Union 69 households 30 Israel Manufacturers Association 38 Paris Economic Agreement 78-79 revenues 34 self-government 31 value added economy 261 Palestinian Media Center 207 Palestinian refugees 71-73, 286 Palestinian Relief Fund 156 Paris Club 145 Paris Economic Agreement 78-79, 262 Paris Protocol 243 Pentagon: see U.S. Pentagon Peres, Shimon viii MENA II 233, 240

Index 365

MENA III 236 New Middle East, The 163, 209, 224 Sharon 66 Persia: see Iran Persian Gulf 8, Pogue, F. 125 political union 296 Pollack, Lester 231 Portland Trust 243 Portugal 92 Powell, Colin 1, 20, 65, 136, 146, 209, 244, 246 Condoleeza Rice 67 George Marshall 116, 136 Middle East Partnership Initiative 144 Pravda 97 Marshall Doctrine 97 Protocol on Economic Relations 243 Provisional Reconstruction Teams 55 pyramid building 273 Qatar 156: see Doha QIZ: see Qualifying Industrial Zones Qualifying Industrial Zones (QIZ) 205, 272 Quartet, The iii, 26, 68, 289 see road-map Quick, John H. 107 Rabin, Itzhak viii, 47, 224 MENA II 233, 236 Rand Corporation 56, 169, 171 Reawakening (Europe) xiv Broader Middle East (xv) Middle East 10-11

366 Index

World War II 10 REDWG 233 refugees 71-76, 284, 286 regime-change 14 regional economic cooperation 201-247, 284, 290 regional economic integration 201, 247, 252 Rice, Condoleezza 1, 19-20, 67-68, 183, 249 Rice, Susan E. 135 right to return 71-73 road-map 1, 13,, 22, 71, 84, 118, 129, 195, 202, 222 see Arab Road Map; Quartet, The Roberts, Nigel 25 Roed-Larsen, Terje 30, 33-35 Romania 60 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 100 Rosenberg, Ellen 235-36 Ross, Dennis 202, 224, 227, 240-41, 244 Rovere, Richard 112 Rumsfeld, Donald iii, 1, 53 Rutgers University 229, 234-35 Sachs, Jeffrey 196 Salah, Omar 46 Samarkand 3 Saudi Arabia xi aid 32-33 Peace Plan 22 Schelling, Thomas C. 218 Schmidt, Helmut 110 Schumann, Robert 14, 214 Schwab, Klaus 239 Second World War: see World War II self-containment 214

Index 367

separation 30, 243, 290 September 11, 2001: see 9/11 Sesame Street, 27 Sharansky, Nathan x, 37 Sharett, Moshe 74 Sharia 210 see usury Sharon, Ariel ii, vii, viii, xi, 5-7, 11, 13, 15, 23, 35, 41, 59, 66, 84, 195, 278-79, 282 Marshall Plan 35, 63, 84, 126, 139, 160 strategies 63-66 Shiites 20, 53 Silk route: see Central Asia single currency 156-57, 255 Single European Act 221 Six Day War 223 social contract 265-66 sovereignty 269 Soviet Union v, vi, 129, 131 collapse 5, 8 Harvard speech of Marshall 124 Josef Stalin 96 Marshall Plan 17 McCarthy, Joseph 112 Pravda 97 Spain 145-47, 280 International Donors Conference 146-47 S.S. Gibbes Lykes 108 S.S. Godrun 108 S.S. Rhondda 108 Stalin, Josef 96, 104 State Department (U.S.): see U.S. Department of State Stigitz, Joseph 189

368 Index

subsidiarity 298 Suez Canal 214 Sunnis 20, 53 superstate mentality 298 Sweden 92 MERP 151 Switzerland 44, 92 Syria 7, 54, 76, 150 TA&P: see Overseas Technical Assistance and Productivity Tajikistan 5, 58 Taliban 54-55, 140 Talleyrand mansion 108 Taskent 3 Terrab, Mostafa 229, 237 Time 113 Topel, Bob 189 transparency 129, 199, 286 Traub, James 49 Treaty of Rome 213, 217, 264 Treaty of the Arab Market 213 Triangle, The 5, 12, 257-58 Truman, Harry S 16, 19, 85, 88-8 9,, 106, 122, 250, 285 Bess Truman 99-100 European Cooperation Act 105 Marshall Plan 85, 88-89, 92, 106-107, 122 U.S. Congress 99 Trust Fund for Gaza and West Bank 154 Tunisia 58 Turkey 5, 8 Turkmenistan 5

Index 369

UNDP 28 unilateralism 288 United Arab Emirates 33 United Kingdom 92 United Nations 22, 26, 30, 251, 289 Afghanistan 54 Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development 280 Arab Human Development Report 21, 159, 208-09 Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States 147-49 Conference on Trade and Development 35-36, 155-56 Human Development Index 146 MERP 147-49 Millennium Declaration 143 Office for Humanitarian Affairs 36 Oil for Food program 53 population of territories 32 poverty line 36 Resolution #194, 71 Terje Roed-Larsen 30 United States funding 33 see U.S. listings United States of Europe 14 University of California 99 UNRWA 35 UNSCO 33-34 U.S. Department of State xi, xii, 8, 13, 16, 49, 135 Future of Iraq project 51 Marshall Plan 90-91 U.S. Foreign Assistance Act of 1948, 102-03 see Marshall Plan U.S.-Jordan Free Trade Agreement 272 U.S. Pentagon 8

370 Index

usury 210-11 see sharia Uzbekistan 3-5, 58, 193 Wall Street Journal, The 87 Walters, Barbara 233 welfare state 70, 124, 242 Wertheimer, Eitan 165 Wertheimer, Stef 163-65 West Bank ii, 15, 123, 149 Green line 60 population 76 poverty line 36 separation 30 West Germany: see Germany Wexler, Imanuel 109 White, Theodore H. 96, 108, 132 Winter, Elmer 181-82 Wolf, Martin 251 Wolfensohn, James 23,45, 155 Wolfowitz, Paul 9, 155 World Bank xi, 9, 11, 22-23, 134, 241, 278, 292 Central Bank 58 World Economic Forum 228, 239, 296 World Islamic Economic Forum 247 World Trade Organization 50, 262, 296 Inter-Strategy Note 152-53 MERP 152-57 Trust Fund for Gaza and West Bank 154 World Trade towers xi, 8, 41 World War II v, 86, 93, 126, 128, 278 WTO: see World Trade Organization

Index 371

Yeltsin, Boris 228 Yemen 8, 156 Yugoslavia (former) 133 Zakaria, Fareed 9

A B O U T T H E A U T H O R

Jerry M. Rosenberg, a 2006 Marshall Foundation Fellow, is Founder and Director of the Center for Middle East Business Studies, Professor of International Business at the Rutgers Business School, and member of the faculty of the Division of Global Affairs, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA. He has also been a Visiting Professor at the University of British Columbia (Canada), Middlesex Polytechnic University (England), Ben-Gurion University (Israel), University of Iceland (Iceland), John Cabot University (Italy), Ecole Superieure Commerce Marseille-Provence (France), Bifrost Business School (Iceland), Maastricht School of Management (The Netherlands), University of Aberdeen (Scotland), and has lectured at the University of Pavia (Italy), the University of Pisa (Italy), the London School of Economic and Political Sciences (England), Hebrew University (Israel), and Al-Akawan University (Morocco). He received his B.S. degree from The City College of New York, an M.A. from Ohio State University, Certificate from the Conservatoire Nationale des Arts et Metiers (National Institute of Science, Technology and Management in Paris), and Ph.D. from New York University. As a Fulbright-French Government scholarship winner, at the age of 23, he was introduced to the world of international affairs while living in Paris.

He has had 33 books published, including nine subsequent new editions. Many of these works have been translated into several languages, including Japanese, Russian, Czech/Slovak, Chinese, and Spanish.

374 About the Author

An “expert” speaker at all four Middle East/North Africa Economic Summits (Casablanca, Amman, Cairo, and Doha), he has drawn from 20 years of experience in writing and researching on regional economic integration dealing with the European Union, NAFTA and Latin-American Trade. He has made numerous trips to North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia to collect pertinent data and to interview many of their leaders.

Dr. Rosenberg first presented a model for a potential community of regional nations at the Casablanca- 1994 and October 1995 Amman Middle East/North Africa Economic Summits. The Executive Secretariat of the Middle East/North Africa Summits commissioned Rosenberg’s The Peace Dividend: Creating a Middle East/North Africa Community; it was printed and distributed it at the Cairo Economic Conference in 1996. His Encyclopedia of the Middle East Peace Process and the Middle East/ North Africa Economic Community was completed in time for the Doha, Qatar, opening plenary in November 1997. Arafat’s Palestinian State and JIPTA: The Best Hope for Lasting Peace in the Middle East, was published in 1999, and Nation-Building: A Middle East Program in 2003. He has presented his model for regional economic integration in the North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia to numerous government and private-sector organizations, including briefings at the U.S. State Department, and The World Bank.

In February 2006, he was one of several specialists invited by the U.S. Department of State and the Marshall Foundation to discuss “Lessons of the Marshall Plan for Middle East Conflict.”

About the Author 375

Jerry M. Rosenberg lives in New York City. He has been married to Ellen Y. Rosenberg for 46 years, is the father of two married daughters, Lauren and Liz, and of sons-in-law Bob and Jon, and is grandfather to Bess, Ella, Celia and Rita.