refutation of gospel of barnabas by a muslim and ahlussunnah

8/20/2019 REFUTATION OF GOSPEL OF BARNABAS BY A MUSLIM AND AHLUSSUNNAH

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A MUSLIM’S CRITICISM ON GOSPEL

ACCORDING TO SAINTBARNABA[S].

An Islamic approac

Som! M"slim apolo#is$s a%&oca$! $! Gosp!l accor%in# $o Barna'as [Barna'a] as$! a"$!n$ic E"a##!lion [(In)i*l]. On $! con$rar+ Cris$ians $r+ $o pro&! i$ as a

concoc$ion. I$ is $ri!% $o s!, $a$ no$ all M"slims ol% $is &i!,. Som! n!#l!c$ i$

an% som! consi%!r i$ as a concoc$ion as ,!ll. T! '!li!- o- $! pr!s!n$ ,ri$!r is $a$

i$ is A concoc$ion or a corr"p$!% -orm o- som! anci!n$ apocr+pal Gosp!l.

In an+ cas! ,!$!r a M"slim Apolo#is$ s"ppor$s i$ or r!)!c$s i$ i$ is is o,n

opinion. Islam is no$ r!sponsi'l! in an+ m!anin# o- $! ,or% r!sponsi'l! o- is or

!r p!rsonal opinion.

Rai$!r Islamic $ra%i$ional principl!s o- cri$icism %iscar%s i$ -rom '!in# #!n"in!

E"a##!lion./irs$ Cri$icism*0

Gosp!l accor%in# $o Barna'a is no$ $! E"a##!lion in $! m!anin# i$ ,as r!&il!% $o

I!so"s 1ris$os. I$ is ano$!r Bio#rap+ or S!mi Bio#rap+ o- I!so"s 1ris$os ,ri$$!n

an% a"$or!% '+ a "man '!in# ,o so !&!r ! mi#$ '!. So i$ is a ,or2 o- a

"man '!in# an% no$ a Di&in! Boo2. I$ ,as ,rii$!n '+ som! on! !ls! ,o so !&!r !

ma+ '! '"$ c!r$ainl+ no$ r!&il!% $o I!so"s 1ris$os.

I$ canno$ '! $! E"a##!lion $a$ ,as pr!ac!% '+ I!so"s 1ris$os I$s!l- sinc! i$ ,as

an Aspir!% or a r!&il!% 3oral or ,ri$$!n4 Boo2.

/or sa2! o- an ar#"m!n$ l!$ i$ '! s"ppos!% $a$ i$ ,as ,ri$$!n '+ Barna'a . T!n i$

is a ,or2 o- a "man '!in# no$ a Di&in! R!&!la$ion.

S!con% Cri$icism*0

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T!r! ar! s!&!ral con$!n$s in $is Gosp!l ,ic ar! "nacc!p$a'l! accor%in# $o

A"$!n$ic Islamic So"rc!s. So i$ can no$ '! a r!lia'l! accor%in# $o Islamic Scrip$"r!s

[6"r’a*n an% 7*a%i*s’] . 7!nc! i$s cr!%i'ili$+ is ,!a2 accor%in# $o Islamic S$an%ar%.

Tir% Cri$icism*0

I$ is no$ M"$&a$ir. I$ lac2s (Asna*% [ cain o- r!lia'l! r!por$!rs]. So i$ is "nr!lia'l!

-rom $! poin$ o- &i!, o- Principl!s o-A*a%is’.

Tis impli!$ i$ is %o"'$-"l.

/or$ Cri$icism on $! Gosp!l o- Barna'a*0

I$s ol%!s$ cop+ '!lon#!% $o $! Mi%%l!8M!%i!&al p!rio%. T!r! is a lon# '!rio% o-

$im! -rom Sain$ Barna'as $o i$s 9rs$ 2no,n cop+. B!$,!!n $is p!rio% i$s a's!nc! is

c!r$ain. Tis a's!nc! is s":ci!n$ !no"# $o $o ma2! %o"'$s in i$s cr!%i'ili$+.

A%%i$ionall+ possi'ili$+ o- corr"p$ion an% manip"la$ion in $! $!;$ o- $! Gosp!l is

no$ onl+ possi'l! '"$ pro'a'l! an% pla"si'l!.

So i$s cri$ics ar! ri#$ in claimin# $a$ i$ is !i$!r a -or#!r+ or corr"p$!% -orm o- som!

anci!n$ apocr+pal Gosp!l ,ic no, c!as!% $o '!.

/i-$ Cri$icism*0 A $ransla$ion o- a 'oo2 an+ an+ o$!r lan#"a#! is an o$!r 'oo2.

So i$ is an o$!r 'oo2 accor%in# $o Islamic Principl!s. A Transla$ion o- 7ol+ 6"r’a


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Si;$ Cri$icism.

T! Gosp!l lac2s (Asna*%. I. ! Cain8 S!ri!s o- r!por$!rs o- $! Gosp!l. In a's!nc! o-

s"c Cain o- r!por$!rs i$ canno$ '! acc!p$!%. In a's!nc! o- cain o- r!por$!rs $!

onl+ cri$!ria -or $! cr!%i'ili$+ an% r!lia'ili$+ o- $! Gosp!l is ,!$!r i$ is M"$&a$ir[Consi@"!n$l+ R!c!i&!% ] B"$ i$ is C!r$aini$+ No$ M"$&a$ir -rom i$s A"$or ,oso!&!r

! ,as. Similarl+ $! $ransla$ion is no$ M"$&a$ir -rom i$s $ransla$or. So $! ,or2s is

n!i$!r r!lia'l! nor cr!%i'l! asn- a%%i$ionall+ no$ $r"s$,or$+.

InM"slim ,orl% $!r! ar! $,o s"c !;ampl!s. Eac on! is #i&!n '!lo,*0

5] Na) (Al Bala*#*a. A 'oo2 ,ic claim!% $o r!cor% $! ,or%s o- /or$ Calip

>Ali RD*.

Tis is an o$!r (Is’na* (Asri 'oo2 'oo2 i$ lac2s cain o- r![por$!rs. So i$ is no$

r!la'l! accor%in# $o $! Ma$o%olo#+ o- (Is’na* (Asri $!s$in# o- $ra%i$ions.

I$ is o, !&!r ,ri$$!n '+ Ra%*I Sari- or M"r$a%*a* Sari*- or 'o$ ,o $ri!% $o ,ri$!

som! o- (Is’na* (Asri $ra%i$ions '+ manip"la$in# $!m an% r!,or%in# $!m.

Ta$ is $! simpl! r!ason i$s $!;$ %o!s no$ ma$c!s ,i$ !;pr!ssions o- Calip >Ali

r!por$!% in o$!r (Is’ana >Asri 'oo2s o- $ra%i$ions.

?] (Al a Al M-@"*%. Tis is a -or#!r+ ,ic is !;pos!% in r!c!n$ $im!. I$ is $!

all!#!% missin# par$ o- Ms*na- I'n A'i S'a a Sinni$! Boo2 po- $ra%i$ions O-

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$! cr!%i'ili$+ an% r!lia'ili$+ o- $! Gosp!l o- Barna'a3s4. T! r!ason is &!r+ cl!ar

$a$ $!r! is a %i!r!nc! '!$,!!n %ispro&!% an "npro&!%. I- a claim [sa+ claim o-

r!lia'ili$+ an% cr!%i'ili$+ o- $! Gosp!l in Disc"ssion] is no$ %ispro&!% i$ ma+ s$ill '!

Unpro&!%. In Islamic S+s$!m >A%am As’s’'"*$ %o!$ no$ impl+ S’"'"*$ (Al >A%am.

Similarl+ >A%am >A%am (As’s’'"*$ %o!$ no$ Impl+ S’"'"*$ .

Also The criteria of disproving some thing is not based on weak objections

but on strong objections.

Ma"lana* Ta@i >Us’mani [A -amo"s S"nni Ma$"ri%iAsFari 7*ana9 Scolar] as

,ri$$!n a n"m'!r o- pa#!s in r!#ar% $o $is Gosp!l. B"$ a-$!r r!-"$in# som! o- ,!a2

o')!c$ions on $! Gosp!l ! 9nall+ acc!p$!% $a$ Som! o- Po,!r-"l O')!c$ions ar!

S$ron# an% canno$ '! r!-"$!%. 7! is ri#$ in is opinion. A n"m'!r o- M"slim

Scolars $in2 $a$ as $!+ a&! po,!r-"ll+ r!-"$!% som! o- $! ,!a2 o')!c$ions on

$! T!;$ o- $! Gosp!l accor%in# $o Barna'a3s4 $! T!;$"s R!c!p$"s o- $r! Gosp!laccor%in# $o Barna'a3s4 is r!lia'l! an% i$s cr!%i'ili$+ is pro&!%. B"$ a$ '!s$ i$ is a

#oo% m!n$al !;!rcis! $o r!-"$! ,!a2 o')!c$ions s$a$!% a'o&! i$ is irr!l!&an$ $o i$s

r!lia'ili$+ an% cr!%i'ili$+.

Ei#$ Cri$icism*0 Al"ss"nna %o no$ acc!p$ $! r!por$s o- Al a*i* MasF"%i

aF@"'i an% M"r$a%*a a'o"$ Imam Ama% Bin 7an'al $a$ ! cop"la$!% an% '!#ain

$o '!li!&! in $! %o#ma o- Cr!a$!%n!ss O- 6"r’a*n ,!n ! ,as Ho##!% $ir$i!$

$im! in $! co"r$ o- M"F$as*im on $! #ro"n%s $a$ $!s! ar! no$ r!lia'l! r!por$!rs

an% ar! non canonical r!por$!rs $!n o, can $!+ '!li!&! in a Gos!p!l ,ic is

-ar mor! %isp"$!% $!n $! ,or2s AL a**i* MaF"*%iaF@"*'ian% M"r$a%*a*. E&!n

$! cr!%i'ili$+ o- $! cop+is$ o- $! Gosp!l o- Barna'a3s4 is i#l+ %o"'$-"l. To acc!p$$is Gosp!l is $o -ollo, =ann Ess ,o acc!p$s $! "na"$!n$ic an% non canonical

r!por$s o- $! An$i Imam A*ma% a"$ors $a$ ! NaF"*’" Billa cop"la$!% $! -als!

all!#a$ion o- $!s! os$il! an% !r!$ic a"$ors. Tis sin#l! !&!n$ is s":ci!n$ $o

%ispro&! $! cr!%i'ili$+ o- $!s! !r!$ic ,ri$!rs an% all!#!% is$orians. [s!! *

Tolo#i! "n% G!s!llsca-$ '+ =ann Ess].

Nin$ Cri$icism*

I- Barna'as is $o '! $r"s$!% $!n i$ is impli!% $a$ !ac an% !&!r+ Apocr+pal Gosp!l

m"s$ also '! $r"s$!% . Sinc! $!r! copi!s '!lon# $o &!r+ !arl+ p!rio% r!la$i&! $o $!

Gosp!l Accor%in# $o Barna'as. B"$ $!+ ar! r!)!c$!%. So ,a$ is $! Cr!$!ria $oacc!p$ a cop+ an% r!)!c$ r!la$i&!l+ ol% copi!s. I$ m"s$ '! no$!% $a$ Apocr+pal

Gosp!ls %o con$ain an$i Isla*mic $!acin#s as Gosp!l Accor%in# $o Barna'a3s4 %o!s

con$ain. [S!! Na# 7amma%i Gosp!ls ]

T!n$ Cri$icism*0

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M"slims %i!r!n$ '!$,!!n $! E"a##!lion pr!ac!% an% Ta"#$ '+ $! I!so"s

1ris$os 7ims!l- an% $! -o"r Eccl!sial Gosp!ls. T!+ li2! $! Eccl!sia %o consi%!r as

acco"n$s o- $! E"a##!lion pr!ac!% an% Ta"#$ '+ I!so"s 1ris$os [Cris$o3s4].

M"slims %i!r -rom Eccl!sia on $! iss"! ,!$!r $!s! ,or2s ar! -o"r %i!r!n$

a$$!mp$s acco"n$s or -o"r %i!r!n$ !;ac$ acco"n$s o- $a$ E"a##!lion $a$ ,aspr!ac!% an% Ta"#$ '+ I!so"s 1ris$os 7ims!l-. [E"a##!lion0T! R!&!al!% Di&in!

M!ssa#!s Pr!ac!% an% Ta"#$ '+ I!so"s 1ris$os an% ,!r! con&!+!% $o on! ano$!r

orall+ in -orm o- Oral Tra%i$ions '!-or! a$$!mp$ ,!r! ma%! $o ma2! acco"n$s o-

$!m an% !&!n con$in"!% a-$!r $! composi$ion o- $!s! acco"n$s]. Or$o%o;

[S"nni] Cri$!ria is so s$ric$ $a$ i$ %o!s no$ acc!p$ ,or%s o- $! a"$ors o- Eccl!sial

Gosp!ls as par$ o- E"a##!lion. So i$ is impossi'l! $a$ $! Gosp!l Accor%in# $o

Barna'a3s4 is acc!p$a'l! "pon $a$ Cri$!rial.

El!&!n$ Cri$icism*0

Al"ss"nna %o no$ consi%!r Imam aF-ar Bin M"*amma% as $! -o"n%!r o- Sii$!S!c$. T!+ consi%!r im as a S"nni scolar. An+ $in# a$$ri'"$!% $o im ,ic s!,s

$a$ ! ,as Sii$! is %!clar!% as -als! on $! S"nni Cri$!ria. So i$ is impossi'l! $o

acc!p$ Barna'as on $! sam! #ro"n%s. T! !n$ir! Non S"nni /i@ ascri'!% $o aF-ar

Bin M"*amma% is no$ r!lia'l! an% $ra%i$ions ascri'!% $o '! im ar! also no$

r!lia'l!. So i- s"c ,or2s ar! r!)!c$!% $!n $!r! is no #ro"n% "pon ,ic T!

Gosp!l O- Barna'a3s4 can '! acc!p$!%.

T,!l-$s Cri$icism.

Kor2s o- (Is’nala*#a3a4 >Asri$!s li2! Us*"l Al 1a9 Is$a's*ar Mal La a*%*ir Al

/a@i Na "l Bala#a /ar"F Al 1a9 ar! no$ acc!p$!% sinc! $!+ ar! no$ canonicalnor $!ir r!por$!rs ar! canonical. On! $! sam! #ro"n%s Tis Gosp!l canno$ '!

acc!p$!%. I$ ma+ '! no$!% $a$ som! o- $! con$!n$s o- $!s! 'oo2s ar! a#ains$ $!

$r"$ o- Al"ss"nna an% som! o- $!m ar! common . /or !;ampl! "ni$+ o- Go%

ma+ '! s!!n in Na) "l Bala*#a. T! ,ri$!r o- $! Na) Al Bala*#a !&!n %!ni!s

$! Di&in! A$$ri'"$!s an% B!a$i9c =ision an% -alsl+8,ron#l+ ascri'!% $o Sai+i%"na

>Ali* [RD].

I$ ma+ also '! no$!% $a$ Al"ss"nna’s scolars a&! ,ri$$!n s!&!ral Ma"%*Fa*$

,ic con$ain conco&$!% -a'rica$!% an% -or#!r!% r!por$ $o ,arn p!opl!. B"$ no$ all

o- $!m con$ra%ic$ 6"r’a*n an% A"$!n$ic 7*a%i*s’. !$ $!s! r!por$s ar! -or#!ri!s

!&!n i- $!+ '!lon#!% $o T! Boo2s o- Al"ss"nna. So i- a m"l$i$"%!s o- r!pr$s ar!

%!clar!% as -or#!ri!s $!r! canno$ '! an+ $!rm -or $! Gosp!l O- Barna'a3s4 IN

T7E NOMENCLATURE O/ Al"ss"nna =al ama*Fa '"$ Ma"%*"F. [Ma"%*"F0 /a2!

/las!Concoc$ion/a'rica$ion /or#!r+].

R!s"l$


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Gosp!l accor%in# $o8 o- Barna'a3s4 is as no r!lia'ili$+ no cr!%i'ili$+ no

a"$!n$ici$+ an% no $r"s$,or$in!ss accor%in# $o all s$an%ar% o- (Isla*mic S$an%ar%

in #!n!ral an% (Al"ss"nna =al ama*Fa in Par$ic"lar.

T! Minimal Cri$!ria o- R!lia'ili$+*0 [T! N!c!ssar+ 3'"$ no$ s":ci!n$4 Con%i$ion]

I- i$s r!lia'ili$+ an% Cr!%i'ili$+ is $o '! pro&!% in som! %!#r!! o- appro;ima$ion $!

n!c!ssar+ r!@"ir!m!n$ is $o pro%"c! som! copi!% o- i$ !i$!r -rom $! p!rio% o-

Apocr+pal Gosp!ls or -rom $! p!rio% o- Non Apocr+pal Gosp!ls. Un$il $!n i$s

cr!%i'ili$+ r!lia'ili$+ a"$!n$ici$+ an% $r"s$,or$in!ss canno$ '! acc!p$!%.

Na$"r! o- $! Gosp!l*0

I$ ma+ '! no$!% $a$ Cris$ian apolo#is$s claim $a$ i$ is a -or#!r+ ma%! '+ $!

ima#ina$ion o- i$s a"$or. B"$ i$ is also possi'l! $a$ i$ is a r!cons$r"c$ion an

a$$!mp$ $o r!,ri$! Bio#rap+ or S!mi Bio#rap+ o- I!so"s 1ris$os 'as!% on

Apocr+pal an% N!, T!s$am!n$al Gosp!ls.

I$ %o!s som!$im!s 9ll $! #aps in $! N!, T!s$am!n$al Gosp!ls. /i!l% is op!n $o

s$"%+ i$ in li#$ o- a&aila'l! Apocr+pal Gosp!ls as ,!ll. I$ is no$ a -or#!r+ in $)!

m!anin# $! !n$ir! ,or2 is a pro%"c$ion o- ima#ina$ion o- i$s a"$or. I$ is a -or#!r+ in

$! m!anin# $a$ i$ is pro%"c!% -rom a n"m'!r o- 'oo2s a&aila'l! $o $! a"$ors.

7o,!&!r som! por$ions ma+ '! a r!s"l$ o- p"r! ima#ina$ion.

I$ ma+ '! AN ATTEMPT $o pro%"c! a Gosp!l or a S!mi Bio#rap+ 'as!% "pon som!

apocr+pal 'oo2s as ,!ll .

So i$ is a Possi'l! R!cons$r"c$ion. E&!n i- i$ is a r!cons$r"c$ion i$ ma+ s$ill '! $!rm!%as a -or#!r+ in $! m!anin# i$ is n!i$!r a s+n$!$ic pro%"c$ ma%! '+ $! por$ions o-

a&aila'l! so"r!s.

Pro'l!m O- A"$orsip o- $! Gosp!l Accor%in# $o Barna'as*0

I$ is o-$!n all!#!% $a$ i$ ,as ,ri$$!n '+ a M"slim $o con-"s! Cris$ians.

Tis is 'as!% on $! claim $a$ som! o- i$s con$!n$s a#r!! ,i$ Isla*mic T!acin#s

an% Pr!acin#s. B"$ i$ is !@"all+ Possi'l! $a$ i$ ,as no$ ,ri$$!n '+ a M"slim. Sinc!

som! o- con$!n$s o- i$s $!;$ %o con$ra%ic$ Isla*mic B!li!&!s Par$ic"larl+ 6"r’a*n an%

A"$!n$ic (A*%i*s’. /or !;ampl! 6"r’a*n In-orm!$ $a$ I!so"s 1ris$os Us! $!Prop!r No"n (A*ma% o- 7ol+ Prop!$ !ac! B! Upon 7im 3PBU74 B"$ $is Gosp!l

in-orms $a$ $! $! Prop!r No"n o- $! 7ol+ Prop!$ $a2!n '+ I!o"s 1ris$os PBU7

,as M"amma% PBU7. Tis Con$ra%ic$!$ 6"r’a*n. So $! a"$or '! no$ a M"slim.

T!r! ar! som! possi'ili$i!s ,ic ar! n!#l!c$!% '+ cri$ics o- $! Gosp!l Accor%in#

$o Barna'as.


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5]I$ mi#$ '! ,ri$$!n '+ a p!rson ,o ,an$!% $o ma2! a n!, r!li#ion '+ $a2in#

!l!m!n$s -rom "%aism [!"%aism] Cris$ianism an% Isla*m.

!$ i$ is possi'l! $a$ ! ,as som! on! ,o -or is o,n r!asons s!con%!% som! o-

$! (Isla*mic $!acin# an% Con$ra%ic$!% som! o- (Isla*mic $!acin#s. D"! $o lac2 o-in-orma$ion r!asons o- $! a"$or ,!$!r ! '! a M"slim or No$ ar! impossi'l! $o

'! 2no,n ,i$ 7is$orical C!r$ain$+. A$ '!s$ on! ma+ s"##!s$ r!asons '"$ $!+ all

canno$ scap! $! %omain O/ Pro'a'ili$+ an% Pla"si'ili$+.

I$ is Possi'l! $a$ $! a"$or mi#$ ,an$!% $o ma2! a n!, r!li#ion $a2in# !l!m!n$s

-rom Cris$iani$+ an% Isla*m +!$ ! ,as no$ s"cc!ss-"l . 7o, !&!r is ,or2 '!cam!

a mas$!rpi!c! in $! is$or+ o- r!cons$r"c$!% S!mi Bio#api!s.

K! a&! s!&!ral !;ampl!s o- $is $+p! o- p!opl!. On! ma+ s!! Baaism a r!li#ion

,ic !m!r#!% -rom Iran 8P!rsia ,ic "s! passa#!s -rom 7!'r!, Bi'l! N!,

T!s$am!n$ an% 6"r’a*n.

Similarl+ $!r! is a r!li#ion o- Mira’im -ollo,!rs o- i$ a&! s!% m"c in2 in $!ir

a$$!mp$ $o pro&! $a$ I!so"s 1ris$os som! o, !scap!% $! cr"ci9;ion a-$!r '!in#

impal!% an% cam! $o 1asmir [Casmir] a s$a$! in -orm!r Bri$is In%ia ,!r! !

,as r!nam!% as "s Asa-. /or !;ampl! s!! $! ,or2 !s"s in 7!a&!n On Ear$. B"$

all s"c a$$!mp$s ar! in &ain an% no$in# can '! pro&!% o- $is sor$.[I- i$ is s"ppos!%

$a$ "s Asa- ,as a 7!'r!, !&!n $!n i$ canno$ '! pro&!% $a$ 7! ,as I!so"s. Tis

is an impossi'l! $as2]. In M"#al In%ia 1in# (A2'ar also in&!n$!% a n!, r!lion ,ic

,as call!% Di*n E (Ila*i [ R!li#ion O- D!i$+]'+ $a2in# %i!r!n$ !l!m!n$s -rom

7in%"ism ainism Cris$iani$+ an% (Isla*m.

?]T! a"$or ma+ '! a !r!$ic ,o i- claim!% $o '! a M"slim %i% no$ '!li!&! in

6"r’a*n li2! $! a"$or o- /as*l (Al 1i$*a*'. Ta$ is ,+ ! con$ra%ic$!% 6"r’a*n

-r!!l+ ,!n ,or2s o- $! !r!$ical s!c$ o- $! a"$or con$ra%ic$!% 6"r’a*n an%

s!con%!% 6"r’a*n ,!n $!s! ,or2s %i% no$ con$ra%ic$ 6"r’a*n. I$ is n!!%!% $o s$"%+

$is Gosp!l accor%in# $o $! '!li!&!s o- A2'ari s!c$ !&!n i- $is s!c$ is claim!% $o

'! app!ar!% la$$!r [pro'a'l+ la$$!r $!n $! M!%i!&al P!rio% $! p!rio% in ,ic $!

a"$or '!lon#!% $o ] +!$ i$s %oc$rin!s an% %o#ma %i% pr!!;is$ $! s!c$. T! s!c$

claims $a$ i$ !;is$!% -rom $! p!rio% o- i$s las$ (Ima*m. I$ is $! cas! $a$ i$s

'!li!&!s %i% pr! !;is$ $! M!%i!&al P!rio% +!$ as a s!c$ ,i$ a no"n i$ app!ar!%

la$$!r. Prior $o $is $! '!li!&!rs o- $is s!c$ %i% no$ "s!% T7E (A2'aria-or $!m

s!l&!s.

[In o$!r ,or%s A2'aria claim $a$ $!+ !&!n !;is$!% '!-or! $! appar!n$

-o"n%a$ion o- $! s!c$. T!+ in$!rpr!$ i$ as coinin# a n!, no"n -or an ol% s!c$. In $is

cas! $! a"$or ma+ '! a Pro$o A2'ari. R!a%in# $! Gosp!l Microscopicall+ som!

appro;ima$ions an% analo#i!s ar! -o"n%].

S"c !r!$ic s!c$s ar! no$ in $! -ol%s o- Isla*m.


8/36

54A2'aris '!li!&! $a$ $!r! Imams ar! conc!i&!% in a s$ran#! "nna$"ral ,a+ -rom

$!ir r!sp!c$i&! mo$!rs &iola$in# $! normal proc!ss o- conc!p$ion. T! a"$or o-

$! Gosp!l also %i% $! sam! in a s!ns! ,!n ! claim!% -or a painl!ss conc!p$ion.[In $! cas! o- I!so"s 1ris$os M"slims '!li!&! $a$ $! proc!ss8ac$ o- Conc!p$ion

,as $! sam! '"$ $! proc!ss o- Pr!#nnc+ ,as a Miracl! in a S"p!r Normal ,a+

s"sp!n%in# $! la,s o- Na$"ral 7"man Pr!#nanc+.].

?]A2'aris '!li!&! $a$ Eac on! o- $!ir Imam is #r!a$!r $a$ all $! Prop!$s ,i$

$! Possi'l! !;c!p$ion o- 7ol+ Prop!$ 7ims!l- ,o is a$ mos$ !@"al $o $! Calip

>Ali.

[RD*] Kom $! consi%!r as $!ir 9rs$ (Ima*m.Tis is in a#r!!m!n$ $o $! Gosp!l’s

claim $a$ I!so"s sai% $a$ ! is no$ ,or$ $o "n$i! $! so! lac!s NaF"%"Billa

[Ma+ (ALL7 /or'i%]. S"c an ins"l$in# s$a$!m!n$ is a#ains$ 6"ra*n an% a"$!n$ic

(A*%i*s’ IN CANONICAL Boo2s o- (A*a*%i*s’ .

7o, !&!r som! o- $! Barail&is sa+ s"c $in#s ,ic ar! c!r$ainl+ 7!r!s+

7!$!ro%o;ism an% Unor$o%o;ism. I$ is @"i$! cl!ar $a$ a (A2'a*ri can sa+ s"c a

$in# sinc! ! '!li!&! $a$ i$s (A’ima [Imams] ar! &!r+ i# in ran2 $a$ Prop!$s

,i$ $! Possi'l! !;c!p$ion o- 7ol+ Prop!$ [P.B.U.7]. So o- a (A2'a*ri ol%s s"c a

&i!, -or Sai+i%na >Ali ! ma+ !l% $is &i!, -or $! 7ol+ Prop!$ i- ! '!li!&!s in $!

E;c!p$ion s$a$!% a'o&!.

]A2'aris ar! 6a%ris an% $! a"$or o- $is Gosp!l m!n$ion $! sam! '!li!- in $!

Gosp!l. All $! $r!! s"'s!c$s o- (Al"ss"nna '!li!&! $a$ &ol"n$ar+ ac$s an%

%oin#s o- an+ ra$ional s"pposi$"m sa+ a "man '!in# or a inn B!in# is a Cr!a$ion o-

ALL7. E&!n $! ac$s o- An#!l B!in#s ar! Cr!a$ion. B"$ as (A2'a*ris ar! 6a%ri

$!+ %o no$.

J]Miracl!s s$a$!% in 6"r’a*n ar! no$ s$a$!% in $! Gosp!l sinc! A2'ari %o no$

consi%!r 6"r’a*n as a"$!n$ic as $!ir ,or2s.

]A2'aris '!li!&! $a$ Sa$an 8Sai$a*n is $! ori#ina$or [Cr!a$or] o- E&il ,il!Isla*m '!li!&! GD $! Cr!a$or o- E&!r+ Non E$!rnal $in# ,!$!r an acci%!n$ or a

s"'s$anc! ,!$!r an ac$ or an a$$ri'"$! .

] T! a"$or o- $! Gosp!l sa+s $a$ $! Korl%8Uni&!rs! ,as cr!a$!% -or

M"*amma% PBUP. A2'ari also '!li!&! in $is '"$ $!+ a%% $!ir Imams as ,!ll.

Som! Barail&is also ol% $is '!li!&!. B"$ $is is 'as!% on ,!a2 $ra%i$ions an% a

'!li!- 8 >A@i*%a canno$ '! 'as!% on a ,!a2 $ra%i$ion.


9/36

]T! a"$or o- Barna'as '!li!&!s $a$ "s$ic! is N!c!ssar+ Upon GD. Tis is $!

%o#ma o- M"F$aila an% (A2'aria ali2!. T!+ '!li!&! $a$ GD !i$!r Canno$

/or#i&! Sins an% Trans#r!ssions or %o no$ -or#i&! $!m "nl!ss $! $rans#r!ssor or

sinn!r ims!l- r!p!n%s. Barna'as ( Gosp!l sa+s in cap$!r ?? $a$ I!so"s sai%*0

>B!li!&! m! Barna'as $a$ !&!r+ sin o,!&!r small i$ '! Go% p"nis!s ,i$

#r!a$ p"nism!n$ s!!in# $a$ Go% is o!n%!% a$ sin.F 7o, !&!r $! a"$or s!!ms

$o '! mor! !;$r!mis$ on $! iss"! o- Di&in! "s$ic! $!n A2'aria.

]T! a"$or o- Barna'as con$ra%ic$s 6"r’a*n ,ic no M"slim can %o. (A2'aria

!i$!r %o no$ consi%!r 6"r’a*n as r!lia'l! or %o no$ '!li!&! in $! C!r$ain$+ o-

P!rp!$"al Cons!r&a$ion o- 6"r’a*n. Som! (A2'aria %o acc!p$ a pro'a'l!

cons!r&a$ion o- 6"r’a*n. Mos$ o- $!m '!li!&! $a$ $! T!;$ o- 6"r’a*n is cons!r&!%

a-$!r i$ corr"p$ion '+ $! 9rs$ cop+is$s [i.! S*a*a'a 3RD4].

Q]I$ ma+ '! $! cas! $a$ $! ,or% M"*amma% is no$ "s!% -or $! 7ol+ Prop!$P.B.U.7 '"$ -or $! s"ppos!% $,!l&!$ Imam o- (A2'a*ri$!s ,o is s"ppos!% $o

nam!% 8No"n!% as M"*amma%. Tis is s"ppor$!% '+ $!ir '!li!- $a$ a-$!r is

[all!#!%] c!n$"ri!s lon# p!rio% o- isola$ion a$ som! "n2no,n plac! on $! plan!$

!ar$ ,!n ! sall cam! o"$ o- is s!l- impos! !;il! i$ is '!li!&!% '+ $!m $a$ !

sall -ollo, $! La, O- Da&"*% [Da&i%]. Ta$ $is is almos$ !@"i&al!n$ $o %!clair im

as a M!ssia [Masi**]. (Al"ss"nna =al ama*’a %o no$ ma2! s"c a %i!r!nc!

'!$,!!n an+ $,o 7ol+ Prop!$s o- (ALL7 as $! Gosp!l Accor%in# $o Barna'a3s4

all!#!s '!$,!!n I!so"s an% M"*amma% [P!ac! B! Upon T!m]. So M!ssia ma+

'! $! 5?$ (A2'ari$! Imam an% no$ $! 7ol+ Prop!$ M"*amma%. As a (Ima*m is

'!l!a&!% $o '! -ar mor! s"p!rior $!n a Prop!$ ,!$!r ! '! a M!ss!n#!r or an

Apos$l! or n!i$!r ,i$ $! Possi'l! E;c!p$ion o- M"*amma% [No$ N!c!ssar+

E;c!p$ion] so i$ is a po,!r-"l ar#"m!n$ $a$ $! $!;$ o- $! Gosp!l ma+ '! r!n%!r!%

an% in$!rpr!$!% o$!r ,is!. Tis is an+ o, an !&i%!nc! $a$ $! a"$or is !i$!r

almos$ n!c!ssar+ or mos$ pro'a'l+ an (A2'a*ri$! I- no$ C!r$ainl+. I$ ma+ '! no$!%

$a$ Barail&i c"l$ ,o is $! claiman$ o- $! claim $a$ $!+ ar! $! ONL

Al"ss"nna on $! !ar$ %o '!li!&! in s"c %i!r!nc!s '!$,!!n $! 7ol+ Prop!$

PBU7 an% o$!r Prop!$s PBUT. B"$ $!ir claim o- '!in# (Al"ss"nna is !;$r!m!l+

%o"'$-"l.

5] A n"m'!r o- (A2'a*ria '!li!&!s in Ta@ai+a ,ic m!ans $a$ i$ is allo,!% $o

%!c!i&! p!opl! ,o ar! no$ in $! s!c$. I$ is in accor%anc! $o $!ir '!li!- an%prac$ic! $o ma2! s"c a -or#!r+. T!+ ascri'! $o on! o- $! p!rsons ,om! $!+

all!#! $o '! $!ir Imam $a$ ! sai% $a$ Ta@ai+a is Q85 $ par$ o- $!ir r!li#ion.

Las$ no$ $! l!as$ $! impor$an$ %o#ma o- '!a$i9c =ision is missin# -rom $!

Gosp!l. (A2'aris %is'!li!&! in $is '!li!-.

Q


10/36

Al$o"# i$ is an ar#"m!n$ o- sil!nc! +!$ ,i$ a'o&! '!li!&!s i$ is a &!ri9ca$ion $a$

$! a"$or is an (A2'a*ri* .

So i$ is li2!l+ $a$ $! a"$or ,as a A2'ari or a pro$o A2'ari ,a$ so !&!r. 7o,

!&!r i$ is also possi'l! $a$ $! a"$or o- Gosp!l O- Barna'a3s4 ,as also a p!rson o-$is 2in% ,o $ri!% $o ma2! a $ir% r!li#ion. As $!r! ar! so man+ possi'ili$i!s i$ is

incorr!c$ $o claim ,i$ is$orical c!r$ain$+ $a$ $is ,as -or#!r+ ,as a pro%"c$ o- a

M"slim pra#ma$ic min%. /or sa2! o- an ar#"m!n$ l!$ i$ '! s"ppos!% $a$ $! A"$or

,as a M"slim in appar!n$ $!n ! ,as !i$!r a Ra9%*i* A2'ari or a Ra9%*i Pro$o

A2'ari.

T! a"$or canno$ '! a !, sinc! $! !n$ir! Gosp!l as an$i !,is s!nsi'ili$i!s

!m'!%%!% in i$. T! a"$or canno$ '! a Cris$ian sinc! ! con$ra%ic$s Gosp!ls in

N!, T!s$am!n$. T! a"$or canno$ '! a M"slim sinc! ! con$ra%ic$s 6"r’a*n an%

(A*a%is. So $is is an (A2'a*ri*.

A Goo% Approac o- a2ir Nai2*0

Dr a2i$ Nai2 [ A s$"%!n$ o- compara$i&! r!li#ion] in on! o- is a%%r!ss!s acc!p$!%

$a$ $is Gosp!l is i#l+ con$ro&!rsial an% so"l% no$ '! r!-!rr!% $o in r!li#io"s

%ialo#"!s. T! a"$or o- $is ar$icl! 8,or2 %o!s s!con% R!sp!c$!% Dr a2ir -or is

'rillian$ )"%#!m!n$ on $! iss"! o- Gosp!l Accor%sin# To Sain$ Barna'a3s4.

Som! R!c!n$ /in%in#s*0

Som! copi!s o- Gosp!ls ar! claim!% $o '! -o"n% in T"r2!+ [a$l!as$ on!] an% i$ isclaim!% $a$ i$ is a Pro$o Gosp!l O- Barna'a3s4. I$ ma+ '! $! cas! $a$ $! n!,l+

-o"n% apocr+pal Gosp!l ma+ s!con% $is Gosp!l '"$ "nl!ss an% o$!r ,is! all $!

por$ions o- $! $!;$s ar! compar!% i$ is &!r+ %i:c"l$ $o sa+ ,!$!r $! Gosp!l

-o"n% is $! ori#inal o- $! Gosp!l O- Barna'a3s4. Also on! m"s$ anal+! $! par$s

o- $is -o"n% Gosp!l in P!r-!c$ li#$ o- 6"r’a*n an% A"$!n$ic (A*a%i*s. I$ ma+ '!

no$!% $a$ i- a Gosp!l is -o"n% an% i- i$ s!con%s $! con$ro&!rsial Gosp!l Accor%in#

$o B!rna'a3s4 on som! iss"!s !&!n $!n $is %o!s no$ impl+ $a$ $!+ ar! on! an%

$! sam! 'oo2. A$ '!as$ $,o %is$inc$ 'oo2s ma+ s!con% !ac o$!r in som! o- $!ir

con$!n$s +!$ $!+ r!main p!rp!$"all+ %is$inc$. I$ is also sai% $a$ $! ol% Gosp!l is a

N!, T!s$am!n$al Gosp!l. Sinc! i$s con$!n$s ar! no$ 2no,n $o $! a"$or o- $isar$icl! on! ma+ sa-!l+ pr!s"m! $a$ a$ '!s$ i$ is an Apocr+pal Gosp!l i- i$ s"ppor$s

$! Gosp!l o- Barna'a3s4in som! o- i$s con$!n$s[ '"$ no$ $! &!r+ Gosp!l I$s!l-] an%

a$ ,ors$ a -or#!r+. I$ ma+ '! som!$in# o- an+ &al"! i- i$ is pro&!% $a$ i$ is a

con$!mporar+ $o N!, T!s$am!n$al Boo2s or ol% Apocr+pal Boo2s. A$ pr!s!n$

Gosp!l accor%in# $o Barna'a3s4 is n!i$!r N!, T!s$am!n$al npo$ Apocr+pal.

TRANGRSSION O/ BARNABAS I/ BARNABAS IS REALL KRITTEN B 7IM*0

5


11/36

T! Gosp!l sa+s $a$ I!so"s 1ris$os or%!r!% Barna'as $o ,ri$! $! E"a##!lion ,ic

! pr!ac!% an% ,as r!&il!% an% aspir!%[=*+] $o 7im '"$ Barna'as %i% no$ ,ro$!

$! E"a##!lion ,ic I!so"s Pr!ac!% '"$ ins$!a% ,ro$! is Bio#rap+ or S!mi

Bio#rap+. I- I!so"s a% or%!r!% Barna'as $o ,ri$! 7is Gosp!l 8 E"a##!lion i$ ,o"l%

'! )"s$ a coll!c$ion o- is pr!acin#s an% sa+in#s li2! $! Gosp!l o- Tomas. B"$ i$ isno$ li2! i$. So I!so"s ,as %iso'!+!% an% %is o'!%i!nc! is a $rans#r!ssion. /or sa2!

o- an ar#"m!n$ l!$ i$ '! s"ppos!% $a$ Barna'as %i% ,ri$! $is [S!mi] Bio#rap+. I- i$

is s"ppos!% $o '! $! cas! $!n $! Gosp!l Accor%in# $o Barna'as is no$ cons$i$"$!%

o- Di&in! Kor%s Di&in! E;pr!ssions Di&in! S!n$!nc!s an% Di&in! =!rs!s Onl+.

Ra$!r i$ con$ains man+ Non Di&in! ,or%s !;pr!ssions s!n$!nc!s an% &!rs!s. Tis

pro&!s $a$ i$ is no$ a p"r! ,or2. I- no$ a P"r! coll!c$ion o- R!&!la$ion an% Aspira$ion

$!n i$ is a corr"p$ion accor%in# $o Isla*mic Principl!s. I- a Corr"p$ion $!n in $is

s"ppos!% cas! $! corr"p$!r o- $! Gosp!l is $! on! $o ,om $! Gosp!l is

ascri'!% $o.

Boo2. Tis IMPLIET7 $a$ i$ is a manip"la$!% an% a corr"p$!% 'oo2. T!r!-or! i$

canno$ '! $! (In)i*l 8E"a##!lion $a$ Kas r!&i!l!% on I!so"s 1ris$os. Tis m!an!$

$a$ Barna'a3s4 Corr"p$!% $! In)i*l '+ a%%in# s"'s$ra$in# an% m"$a$in# $! r!&il!%

!;pr!ssions an% ,orl%s. In $is cas! $is ,or2 ,ic is a corr"p$ion -rom $! &!r+

'!#innin# canno$ '! $r"s$!% no$ in $! l!as$ m!anin# [an% s!ns!]. I$ is )"s$ li2! $a$

a p!rson ,o is s!l!c$!% $o cop+ $! T!;$ O- 6"r’a*n mi;!s (A*a%i*s an% !&!n$s

-rom $! Bio#rapi!s o- 7ol+ Prop!$ [ Si*ra8pl*Sair] in $! cop+ 7o, so !&!r

a"$!n$ic. Tis is $! ,ors$ sin -orm o- apos$as+ !r!s+ an% in9%!li$+ a corr"p$ion

in $! T!;$ o- 6"r’a*n. So appl+in# $! sam! cri$!ria on Barna'as i- ! %i% ,ro$! $!

Gosp!l ! mi;!% $! r!&il!% E"a##!lion ,i$ $! o$!r $in#s. In $is cas! Gosp!l

Accor%in# $o Barna'a3s4 i- i$ is r!all+ ,ri$$!n '+ im los!s i$s cr!%i'ili$+ r!lia'ili$+an% a"$!n$ici$+ onc! -or all E$!rni$i!s.

AN APOLOG /OR APOLOGISTS*0

I is a @"!s$ion ,!n $is "n$r"s$,or$+ ,or2 is "nacc!p$a'l! on Isla*mic Pricipl!s

$!n ,+ a n"m'!r o- M"slim Apolo#is$s an% Scolars a$$!mp$!% $o %!-!n% $is

corr"p$!% -or#!r+ ,ic is $! ,ors$ -or#!r+ onl+ n!;$ $o $! -or#!r+ o- a Al

Ma-@"*% !$c.

/irs$ o- all Isla*m is no$ r!sponsi'l! -or $! !rrors o- $!s! apolo#is$s. I- $!+ %!-!n%

$is pro'l!ma$ic ,or2 i$ is $!ir !rror an% ISLAM Canno$ '! !l% r!sponsi'l! -or$!ir !rror. S!con% o- all on! ma+ r!s!arc $! ca"s!s an% r!asons ,+ $!s!

apolo#is$s an% !&!n r!s!arc scolars a$$!mp$!% $o %!-!n% $is "n%!-!n%a'l! ,or2.

As $! %!-!nc! o- $is ,or2 is no$ possi'l! $!+ a&! $ri!% $!ir '!s$ $o %o $!

impossi'l!. On! ma+ appr!cia$! $!ir ar% ,or2 +!$ ,a$ $!+ $ri!% $o %o ,as an

impossi'l! ac$. 7o, !&!r i$ is no$ $! r!ason $a$ in or%!r $o r!-"$! N!, T!s$am!n$

55


12/36

$! %i% $is $!ir r!asons an% ca"s!s ar! %i!r!n$ $o"# $!s! %i!r!nc!s ma+

'! s"'$l! $o som! cri$ics o- $is ac$.

R!ason 5.

In som! Cris$iam M"slim %ialo#"!s an% %!'a$!s som! missionari!s "s!% som!

,or2s ,ic ,!r! no$in# '"$ -or#!ri!s [Li2! Us*"l (Al2a9 Nal La a*%*ir (Al /a@i*

Na)"l Bala*#a !$c.] an% concoc$ions as a ,!apon $o com'a$ M"slims.

In r!spons! som! M"slims %i% "s! $is Gosp!l as an An$i K!apon a#ains$ $!ir

,!apons. On! ma+ s!! M!la 1"%a Sanasi an% M"'a*sa Sa aan P"r as a

proo- o- $is r!ason. In $!s! %ialo#"!s Ma"lana 6asim Nana"$a&i R7 ,as $!

s2ipp!r -rom M"slim Si%! Dianan% Sarso$i ,as $! Cap$ain -rom 7in%" Si%! an%

%i!r!n$ Cris$ian[Pro$!s$an$] %!'a$!rs -rom Cris$ian si%!.

R!ason ?.

Som! M"slim apolo#is$s ,!r! a'l! $o r!-"$! som! ,!a2 o')!c$ions on $! Gosp!l o-

Barna'a3s4. T! incorr!c$l+ pr!s"m!% $a$ $!s! ,!a2 o')!c$ions ,!r! $! onl+

o')!c$ions on $! Gosp!l an% apar$ -rom $!m $!r! is no o$!r o')!c$ion on i$. So

$!+ opin!% $a$ i- $!s! ar! r!-"$!% $!n $! cr!%i'ili$+ o- $! Gosp!l is pro&!%.

Onc! i$s cr!%i'ili$+ is pro&!% Cris$ians ,o"l% '! comp!ll!% $o acc!p$ i$ as a r!lia'l!

,or2 onc! -or all $im!s. T! miss!% $! poin$ $a$ i- som! ,!a2 o')!c$ions on a

-or#!r+ ar! som! o, r!-"$!% $! -or#!r+ %o!s no$ c!as! $o '! ,a$ i$ ,as i.! i$

%o!s r!main $o '! a -or#!r+ an% canno$ '!com! a #!n"in! ,or2.

R!ason

T!+ ,!r! "na,ar! o- $! s$ron# o')!c$ions on $! Gosp!l accor%in# $o Barna'as.

R!ason J

A n"m'!r o- Apolo#is$s %i% no$ compar! $! Con$!n$s o- $! Gosp!l ,i$ 6"r’a*n

an% 7*a%i*s’. So $!+ ,!r! "na,ar! o- $! con$ra%ic$ion o- $! Gosp!l ,i$ 6"r’a*n

an% a"$!n$ic an% Canonical (A*a%i*s’. Som! o- $!m ,!n no$ic!% $!m $ri!% $o

ma2! armoni!s ,ic ar! s$ron#l+ Impro'a'l! an% ar! onl+ allo,!% in $!

app!ar!n$ con$ra%ic$ion o- 6"r’a*n an% $!;$ o- a"$!n$ic $ra%i$ion Canonical Boo2s

o- 7*a%is [ S*a*a*]. B"$ in $!ir !al $!+ miss!% $! poin$. T! %i% no$ cons"l$

M"*a%%is’i*n -or $!ir $is ac$. T!+ !&!n n!#l!c$!% $! Principl!s o- Comm!n$ar+o- 6"r’a*n [ Al Is*"l A$$a-si*r].

R!ason

A n"m'!r o- Apolo#is$s %i% no$ s$"%+ $is -or#!r+ in %!$ail. So $!+ ,!r! miss!% $!

con$!n$s ,ic con$ra%ic$ $! con$!n$s o- $!;$ o- 6"r’a*n an% con$!n$s o- $!;$s o-

canonical (A*a*%i*s’.

5?


13/36

R!ason

Som! consi%!r!% $a$ $is 'oo2 is no$ $r"s$,or$+ on Islamic Principl!s '"$ is

$r"s$,or$+ on Cris$ian principl!s. On! ma+ s!! $is s$ran#! &i!, o- Allama Ta@i

U$ma*ni a #r!a$ scolar ,o %i% %!clar! $a$ i$ [i.! Gosp!l Accor%in$ $oBarna'a3s4 is no$ r!lia'l! accor%in# $o M"slim Cri$ical s+s$!m '"$ %!clar! $a$ i$ is

r!lai'l! on Cris$ian s+s$!m o- Cri$icism. I$ canno$ '! ass"m!% $a$ s"c a scolar is

no$ a,ar! o- Cris$ian Cri$ical S+s$!m an% 7i#!r Cri$icism. !$ ! %o!s claim so in

is ,or2. E&!n ! is a,ar! inarmoni!s o- Gosp!l ,i$n 6"ran an% Canonical

7a%i*s’ . So $! onl+ r!s"l$s ar! ,ic canno$ '! r!-"$!% $a$ *05] 7! %o!s no$ a&!

$! co"ra#! $o r!-"$! all $! s"ppor$!rs o- $is Gosp!l. 7as ! r!-"$!% $is ,or2 as a

-or#!r+ i$ ,o"l% a&! '!!n a mar&!llo"s ac$. 7o, !&!r implici$l+ ! %iscar%!% $is

'oo2 as "nr!lia'l! on M"slim s+s$!m an% Principl!s o- Cri$icism. I- Barna'as is

impro&a'l! in $! M"slim s+s$!m i$ is impossi'l! $o '! '! acc!p$!% as r!lia'l! '+ a

M"slim. So i$ is impli!% $a$ Ma"lana Ta@i Us’ma*ni 7ims!l- %o!s no$ '!li!&! in $!

cr!%i'ili$+ o- $is -or#!r+.

?] 7! "s!% $is 'oo2 as an an$i ,!apon in $! possi'l! cas!s in con$in#!n$ -"$"r!

,ic ma+ '! r!plica o- !&!n$s as s$a$!% in $! R!ason 5.

] Ano$!r possi'ili$+ is $a$ 7! pr!s"m!% $a$ $! Gosp!l is c!r$ainl+ no$ r!lia'l!

+!$ s$ill $!r! is som! #!n"in!n!ss in i$. I$ is n!i$!r !n$ir!l+ a /or#!r+ nor !n$ir!l+

G!n"in!. I$ is '!$,!!n $! $,o !;$r!m!s. S"c a posi$ion is also !l% '+ an o$!r

scolar.

[S!! R!ason 5].

J]A mos$ pro'a'l! r!ason ,ic is almos$ c!r$ain $o $! pr!s!n$ a"$or o- $is

ar$icl! [$o"# c!r$ainl+ no$ c!r$ain] in li#$ o- som! !;$!rnal in%ica$ors is as

-ollo,*0

>I$ ma+ '! $! cas! $a$ >Allama Ta@i >Us’ma*ni opin!s $a$ $! >Pr!s!n$ Gosp!l

Accor%in# $o Barna'a3s4F is a corr"p$!% -orm o- an ol% apocr+pal Gosp!l i.! a

>Pro$o Gosp!l Accor%in# $o Barna'a3s4 ,ic ma+ '! r!nam!% as >Pro$o

Barna'a3s4F in sor$< pro'a'l+ a"$or!% '+ Barna'a3s4 ims!l-.

[URDU VR!"#$ #% &"&' !A( )UR*A+$ TA,- T"RD V#'.. '#$/ %##T $#T 01230456

Tis is $! mos$ pro'a'l! r!ason $a$ a-$!r %!clarin# $! Gosp!l in pr!s!n$ -orm as"nr!lia'l! ! s$ill ascri'!s som! sor$ o- #!n"in!n!ss an% cr!%i'ili$+ $o i$.

B"$ i- i$ is corr"p$!% $!n no por$ion o- $! T!;$ o- $! Gosp!l s$a$!% a'o&! r!mains

c!r$ain. I- no por$ion o- $! Gosp!l is c!r$ain $!n $is Gosp!l '!com!s Unr!lia'l!

an% Los!s i$s Cr!%i'ili$+ .Sinc! a$ l!as$ i$ r!@"ir!s a con$in"i$+ '"$ $!r! is a lon#

p!rio% o- %iscon$in"i$+ '!$,!!n $! S"ppos!% Pro$o Barna'as an% $! Pr!s!n$

Barna'as.S$ron# pro'a'ili$+ %o!s no$ con$ra%ic$ $! cr!%i'ili$+ or r!lia'ili$+ or 'o$

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in G!n!ral '"$ in $is cas! $!ir is !i$!r s$ron# impro'a'ili$+ a$ '!s$ or c!r$ain$+ o-

-or#!r+ a$ ,ros$.So i$ canno$ '! "s!% -or an+ $in#. I- i$ is no$in# $!n i$ is n!;$ $o

no$in#. T7OSE Barail&is ,o "s! $! -or#!r+ $o pro&! som! o- $!ir sp!ci9c

'!li!&!s n!i$!r a&! an+ ri#$ nor a&! an+ l!#i$ima$! ,a+ [Sa'i*l] $o "s! i$ in

$!ir %isp"$!s ,i$ Tr"! an% R!al S"'s!c$s o- (Al"ss"nna =al amaaFa. Similarl+(Is’na* (Asria as no ri#$ $o "s! $is ,or2 -or $!ir An$i S"nni B!li!&!s.

I$ also app!ars $a$ >Allama Ta@i >Us’ma*ni a&! ma%! a cri$!ria $o i%!n$i-+ an%

%!$!c$ $! "ncorr"p$!% par$s an% por$ions o- $! s"ppos!% Pro$o Barna'a3s4 -rom

$! pr!s!n$ Barna'a3s4 '"$ $! cri$ical @"!s$ion is* Kas $!r! a Pro$o Barna'a3s4

Unl!ss $is @"!s$ion is ans,!r!% ,i$ is$orical c!r$ain$+ no $in# can '! sai% an%

an+ s"##!s$!% cri$!ria is "s!l!ss. I- i$ is som! o, ans,!r!% in a:rma$i&! $!n

$!r! is a s!ri!s o- 6"!s$ions. Kas i$ ,ri$$!n '+ Barna'a3s4 ims!l- or i$ is no$ I- $!

ans,!r is in a:rma$ion $!n $! n!;$ @"!s$ion is F Is $! Pr!s!n$ Barna'a3s4 is a

corr"p$!% -orm o- $! Pro$o Barna'a3s4 or a -or#!r+ in "n%!r $! sam! $i$l!.

Som! mor! @"!s$ions ar! l!-$. An+ o, i$ %o!s app!ar $a$ s"c a cri$!ria i- &ali%

can onl+ '! "s!% i- all $! ans,!rs o- $! @"!s$ions s$a$!% a'o&! ar! in a:rma$ion.

Ei$!r an a:rma$ion ,i$ c!r$ain$+ or a:rma$ion ,i$ s$ron# pro'a'ili$+. B"$ no$ i-

n!i$!r.

An opinion a'o"$ >Allama Ta@i* >Us’ma*ni* is $a$ ! %o!s no$ appl+ Principl!s O-

Sci!nc! O- Tra%i$ions O- 7*a%i*s’ on $is Gosp!l. I- so !&!n $!n ! canno$ ar#"! in

-a&o"r o- $is Gosp!l. Sinc! $is m!ans $a$ accor%in# $o $! Principl!s o- 7*a%i*s’

$is 'oo2 is no$in# '"$ a -or#!r+. Ra$!r $! ,ors$ -or#!r+ in $! is$or+ o-

"mani$+. >Allama >Us’ma*ni* is mis"n%!rs$oo% i$ is sai% $a$ ! %o!s consi%!r i$r!lia'l!. I$ is no$ $! cas!. 7o, !&!r i$ ma+ '! sai% $a$ ! opin!s $a$ Cris$ian

o"#$ $o consi%!r i$ r!lia'l!. B"$ ! a&! n!i$!r pro&i%!% an+ ar#"m!n$ no$

pro&i%!% an+ proo- -or is claim. An apolo#+ -or im can '! ma%! $a$ !&!n is

lon# -oo% no$! is sor$ !no"# $o pro&i%! $!s! ar#"m!n$s an% proo-s. B"$ i- ! as

ma%! s"c an impor$an$ claim ! so"l% a&! ,ri$$!n an o$!r 'oo2 in ,ic !

,o"l% a&! %isc"ss!% $! principl!s o- Canonia$ion o- 'oo2s o- N!, T!s$am!n$

an% $!m m"s$ a&! pro&!% $! Cr!%i'ili$+ o- $is Gosp!l accor%in# $o $!m. B"$ -or

sa2! o- an ar#"m!n$ l!$ i$ '! ass"m!% $a$

Tis Gosp!l is Canonia'l! accor%in# $o $! Principl!s s$a$!% a'o&! !&!n $!n !

m"s$ acc!p$ $a$ as i$ is no$ Cannoia'l! accor%in# $o Canonia$ion o- S*a*a** an%

$!ir Tra%i$ions i$ is ac$"all+ an% r!all+ a -or#!r+ a concoc$ion an% a 9c$ion 'as!%

"pon som! o$!r ,or2s ,ic ma+ '! r!lia'l! in som! o- $!ir con$!n$s. I- so i$ is

almos$ c!r$ain $a$ >Allama >Us’ma*ni* is o- $is &i!, $!n is &i!, a'o"$ $!

r!lia'ili$+ o- $is Gosp!l r!%"c!s $o a co"n$!r @"!s$ion [ (Al a&a*' (Al (ila*mi*] an%

no $in# !ls!.

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I$ is )"s$ li2! $o ar#"! a Cris$ian $a$ ! so"l% acc!p$ Talm"*% an% Misna* or

Gosp!l o- Tosmas 'as!% on som! r!asonin#s an% ar#"m!n$a$ions .

I$ ma+ '! no$!% $a$ $! 'asic %i!r!nc! '!$,!!n Eccl!sial Gosp!ls an% $! Gosp!l

o- Barna*'a*3s4 is $! %iscon$in"i$+. Tis %i!r!nc! ma+ '! poin$!% o"$ '+ Cris$ianApolo#is$s ,il! a$$!mp$in# $o ans,!r im. T! n!"$ral ans,!r is $a$ $is

%iscon$in"i$+ %o!s ma2! a %i!r!nc!. 7o, !&!r no $in# can'! -"r$!r sai% "nl!ss

an% o$!r,is!

>Allama >Us’ma*ni* ,ri$!s is r!s!arc an% !;co#i$a$ion in -"ll %!$ail.

A$ pr!s!n$ on! ma+ incl"%! im as on! ,o %o no$ consi%!r $! Gosp!l Accor%in# $o

Barna'a3s4 as r!lia'l! an% Cr!%i'l! '"$ on! ,o consi%!rs $a$ $! Gosp!l can s$ill

'! "s!% in %isc"ssions ,i$ Cris$ians.

M+ p!rsonal &i!, is $a$ on! ma+ s!con% >Allama >Us’ma*ni* ,i$ $! N!c!ssar+

an% S":ci!n$ Con%i$ion ,ic is ,ri$$!n '!lo,*0

I- in an+ %isc"ssion som! on! sa+ a Missionar+ i- "s!s Unr!lia'l! 'oo2s li2! Na) >Al

Bla*#a or Us*"l >Al 1a9 or MasF"%i* or aF@"*'ior an+ ,or2 o- (Al a**i* !$c

a#ains$ M"slims $!n a As a Co"n$!r 6"!s$ion8Ans,!r on! ma+ "s! $is Gosp!l. I-

$is con%i$ion is n!i$!r -"l9ll!% nor sa$is9!% $!n i$ m"s$ '! no$!% $a$ $o "s! $is

,or2 a#ains$ Cris$ians is incorr!c$ an% ,ron#. I$ is )"s$ li2! a Cris$ian ar#"in# $o a

M"slim or a M"slim ar#"in# a Cris$ian $o '!li!&! in =!%as or Upnisa%s. On! ma+

r!n%!r an% $a2! $is s!ns! -rom $! ,or%s o- >Allama >Us’ma*ni* in $is con$!;$.

R!ason

Som! o- $! apolo#is$ "s!% in$!rnal !&i%!nc!s an% ,!r! misl!a% $a$ $!

compr!!nsi&!n!ss o- $! Gosp!l in comparison $o $! N!, T!s$am!n$al Gosp!l

pro&!s i$ #!n"in!n!ss.

T! miss!% $! poin$ $a$ $! in$!rnal armon+ an% !&i%!nc!s can no$ pro&! $a$ i$

is no$ a -or#!r+. T! all!#!% in$!rnal !&i%!nc!s ma+ '! )"s$ a -ac$io"s pro%"c$ o- a

pr!#nan$ min% ,ic conc!i&!% $is armon+ as a p!r-!c$ Ima#ina$ion. T!r! ar!som! !;ampl!s in $! M"slim ,or2 -or s"c -or#!ri!s.

R!ason

Som! M"slims %i% no$ appli!% $! Principl!s o- (Al*a%i*s’ on $! 'oo2 o- Barna'as

an% i$s $ra%i$ions an% narra$ions. T!+ ma+ '! %i&i%!% in s!&!ral #ro"ps.

Som! o- $!m ar! #i&!n '!lo,*0

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5] Tos! apolo#is$s ,o ,!r! no$ !;p!r$s in $! Sci!nc! O- Principl!s O- 7*a%i*s’.

T!+ %i% no$ appli!% $is Sci!nc! On $is 'oo2.

?] Tos! ,o '!li!&!% $a$ $! scop! o- Principl!s o- 7*a%i*s’ is limi$!% $o $!

Canonical Boo2s o- 7*a%i*s’ an% is no$ applica'l! !&!n $o 'oo2s o- 7is$ori!s.

An !;ampl! o- s"c p!opl! is Ma"la*na* Ma"%"%i* . 7! %!ni!s $o "s! $is Sci!nc! on

$! 'oo2s o- 7is$or+ an% $!r! -or! ma%! s$ran#! r!mar2s "pon S*a*'a RD.

Mos$ o- is misl!a%in# r!mar2s ar! %"! $o acc!p$in# ,!a2 "ncanonical

concoc$i&! an% -or#!rio"s r!por$s an% $ra%i$ions o- 7is$or+. 7! ,as Cri$icis!% '+

Bo$ S"' S!c$s o- Al"ss"nna 7*ana9a an% (Al"l 7a%i*s ali2! -or is in&!n$!%

&i!,.

B"$ as ! !l% $is s$ran#! &i!, pro'a'l+ -rom $! '!#innin# ! %i% no$ appl+ $is

Sci!nc! on Barna'a3s4. 7a% ! appli!% $is Sci!nc! on $! Boo2 O- Barna'a3s4 !

,o"l% a&! n!&!r acc!p$!% $is 'oo2 as a"$!n$ic r!lia'l! an% cr!%i'l!. Ma+ ALL

7 -or#i&! is Sins an% Trans#r!ssions. 7! a% som! sor$ o- Tasi+"F in im as ,!ll

'"$ $is Kas also %"! $o is incorr!c$ &i!, a'o"$ $! scop! o- $! Sci!nc! o-

Principl!s o- 7*a%i*s’. I$ ma+ '! also no$!% $a$ ! %i% no$ $r"s$!% $is Sci!nc! an%

$!r! -or a%&oca$!% $o &iola$! $! La,s o- $is Sci!nc! on!s on! li2!n!ss or m!n$al

inclina$ion !$c. Ta$ is $! r!ason ! ,as 'i$$!rl+ Cri$icis!% '+ Bo$ S"nni S"' S!c$s

s$a$!% a'o&!.

] D!no"nc!rs o- 7*a%i*s’ ,o %i% no$ '!li!&! in 7*a%i*s’ a% $!ir o,n cri$!ria o-

acc!p$in# a 'oo2 or r!)!c$in# a 'oo2. T!+ %i% no$ cri$icis!% i$.

J] M!m'!r o- Brail&i s!c$ [ Bo$ Barail&is an% Bans Barail&is o- In%ia3S$ric$ Baraiis o-

Bans Baraili*4] '!li!&! $a$ som! $ra%i$ions o- Boo2s o- 7*a%i*s’ m"s$ s$ill '!

acc!p$!% !&!n i- $!+ a% $o s"sp!n% $! La,s o- $! Sci!nc! o- 7*a%i*s’. T!+

'!li!&! $a$ ,!n a $ra%i$ion in a Boo2 O- 7*%i


17/36

] (Is’na (asri$!s also acc!p$!% $is ,or2. Sinc! $!r! ar! $,o $+p!s o- (Is’na*

(Asri$!s. i] Tos! ,o '!li!&! '!li!&! in $! La, o- ="$"*@ Bis* S*"%"*r.

ii] Tos! ,o "n%!r S"nni InH"!nc! a&! ma%! $! Ar$ o- Tra%i$ions . T! 9rs$ $+p!

is call!% M"@a%%ami*n (Is’na* >Asriaan% $! la$$!r is call!% M"$a2 2ari*n (Is’na*>Asria.

T! 9rs$ on! acc!p$!% i$ sinc! accor%in# $o $! La, o- ="s"’"*@ Bis* S*"%"*r.T!

o$!r on! !mpasis in $! cain o- narra$ors o- (Is’na* (Asria.

Al$o"# $! s!con% on! "s"all+ appl+ $!ir principl!s o- Ar$ o- Tra%i$ions '"$ $!+

%o acc!p$ $! La, O- ="s’"*@ on Na)"l Bala*#a sinc! $! ar$ o- $ra%i$ions i-

appli!% on i$ i$ '!com!s "na"$!n$ic. =!r+ -!, o- $!m as $! co"ra#! $o %!clar!

$a$ Na)"l Bala*#a is no$ r!lia'l!. A n"m'!r o- $!m r!main sil!n$ a'o"$ $!

applica$ion o- $! ar$ s$a$!% a'o&! on i$. So $!+ acc!p$!% Gosp!l Accor%in# $o

Barna'as on $! &!r+ sam! #ro"n%s $! acc!p$!% Na (Al Bala*#a.[La$$!r (Is’na (Asri$!s %i&i%! $!ir $ra%i$ions $+p!s. 54 Sa*i*. ?4M=S’S’6.47*asanJ46a&i*4D*aFi*-4Ma"%*"F]

] Som! S"nnis -or#o$ $! Principl! o- Sci!nc! o- Tra%i$ion o- 7 I- a $r"!

s$a$!m!n$ or s!n$!nc! is ascri'!% $o a P!rson -als!l+ $! s$a$!m!n$ or s!n$!nc!

[Pi!c! o- Sp!!c or $! &!r+ Sp!!c] '!com!s -als! an% no$ r!lia'l!. T! in$rinsic

$r"$ is imma$!rial in $is r!#ar%. /or an !;ampl! i- an As’ar[Ma"@"*-] is ascri'!% $o

7ol+ Prop!$ P.BN.U.7 $! ascrip$ip$ion '!com!s -als! an% $! (As’ar c!as!$ $o '!

$r"! !&!n i- as an (As’ar i$ is $r"! an% po,!r-"l. Similarl+ i- a 1a'ar is claim!% $o

n! an (As’ar i$ c!as!s $o '! a 1a'ar [Mar-*"F]. Sinc! $! s!ri!s o- narra$ors

'!com!s %iscon$in"o"s an% %iscr!$!.

R!ason Q

Som! o- $! Apolo#is$ pr!s"m!% $a$ an+ $in# ,ic s"ppor$s 6"r’a*n is $r"!. B"$

$is is a ,ron# pr!s"mp$ion. An+ $in# ,ic s!con%s 6"r’a*n or s"ppor$s I$ is no$

N!c!ssaril+ Tr"!. Sinc! on! ma+ -a'rica$! or concoc$ a 'oo2 s"ppor$in# 6"r’a*n

-rom 7is O,n Ima#ina$ion. Tis is a &!r+ i%%!n -allac+. S"ppos! $a$ a p!rson

concoc$s a $ra%i$ion ,ic s!con%s an A"$!n$ic 7*a%i*s’ !&!n $!n $! 9rs$ s$a$!%

$ra%i$ion r!mains a concoc$ion. Similarl+ i- som! on! concoc$s a $ra%i$ion in

accor%anc! $o $! T!;$ o- 7ol+ 6"r’a*n i$ %o!s r!main $o '! a concoc$ion.

Un-or$"na$!l+ som! scolars inclin!% $o $! &i!, $a$ i- a $ra%i$ion is ,!a2 +!$ i$

con9rms $! $!;$ o- a r!lia'l! $ra%i$ion o- canonical 'oo2s o- 7*a%i*s’ i$ #ains som!

s$r!n#$ an% '!com!s po,!r-"l i- no$ !@"al in po,!r $o A"$!n$ic Tra%i$ions $!n

som! ,a$ mor! po,!r-"l $!n o$!r ,!a2 $ra%i$ions. B"$ $is is )"s$ an in&ali%

opinion. A ,!a2 $ra%i$ion %o!s con$in"! $o r!main ,!a2 !&!n i- $! m!anin# o- $!

$ra%i$ion is in accor%anc! $o $! T!;$ o- an A"$!n$ic Tra%i$ion or $! T!;$ o- 6"r’a*n.

Un-or$"na$!l+ som! apolo#is$s ,o ,!r! inclin!% $o $is &i!, $o"#$ $a$

Barna'a3s4 is a r!lia'l! 'oo2. An o$!r &i!, ,as $a$ as $is Gosp!l an% $!

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Gosp!ls o- N!, T!s$am!n$ a&! man+ $in#s in common. T!+ opin!% $a$ $is

commonn!ss is a proo- o- $! #!n"in!n!ss o- $! Gosp!l Accor%in# To Barna'a3s4.

Accor%in# $o $!ir apolo#+ o- $! Gosp!l "n%!r %isc"ssion $!+ opin!% $a$ $!

por$ions ,!r! $is Gosp!l Con$ra%ic$s N!, T!s$am!n$al Gosp!ls 6"r’a*n an%

7*a%i*s’ ar! l!ss in n"m'!r $!n $! commonn!ss s$a$!% a'o&! an% $! #r!a$n!sso- n"m'!rs o- por$ions o- commonn!ss $!n $! l!ssn!ss o- $! n"m'!r o-

con$ra%ic$ion is a proo- o- i$s #!n"in!n!ss. So $!+ '!#an $o ma2! armoni!s

,!r! $! N!, T!s$am!n$al Gosp!ls an% $! Gosp!l Accor%in# $o Barna'a3s4

con$ra%ic$!%. T!+ %i% $! sam! -or 6"r’a*n an% A*a%i*s’ INREGARD TO T7IS

Gosp!l.

So i$ r!@"ir!s $o '! %isc"ss!% in som! %!$ail.

R!ason 5

5.54A n"m'!r o- Apolo#is$s ,o a% no$ s$"%i!% $! ar#"m!n$s -or $! cr!%i'ili$+

o- N!, T!s$am!n$ an% Tanac '+ Cris$ians an% !,is scolars r!sp!c$i&!l+

pr!s"m!% $a$ Tis Gosp!l is accor%in# $o $!ir s$an%ar%.

5.?4Som! r!li!% on $! in$!rnal in%ica$ors an% in$rinsic !&i%!nc!s o- $! Gosp!l

Accor%in# $o Barna'a3s4 onl+. On! o- $! s"' cas!s o- $is r!lianc! ,as $a$ $!+

pr!s"m!% i$ $o '! $! /amo"s 6 Gosp!l. Onc! $! pr!s"m!% i$ $o '! $! -amo"s 6

Gosp!l !&!r+ $in# '!cam! $ops+$"r&+. T!+ '!#an $o )"%#! $! N!, T!s$am!n$al

Gosp!l ,i$ $! Gosp!l o- Barna'a3s4. T!+ -o"n% i$ mor! con&!ni!n$ $o %!clar! i$

$! -amo"s 6 Gosp!l. 7a% som! copi!s o- $is Gosp!l con$!mporar+ $o $! ol%!s$copi!s o- $! N!, T!s$am!n$al Gosp!l -o"n% $!ir pr!s"mp$ion ,o"l% a&! '!!n

con9rm!% an% pro&!%. B"$ $is is )"s$ n!;$ $o impossi'l!. In$!rnal In%ica$ors an%

E&i%!nc!s ar! no$ po,!r-"l proo-s o- i$s pr!!;is$anc! o- a 'oo2 or $! #!n"in!

n!ss o- $! 'oo2 ,a$ so !&!r. E&!n po,!r-"l in$!rnal !&i%!nc!s an% in%ica$ors ar!

)"s$ ,!a2 proo-s in $!ms!l&!s.

R!ason 55

T! ,!r! "ma'l! $o %!$!c$ $! %i!r!nc! '!$,!!n $! No"n8Ti$l! o- a 'oo2 an% a

-or#!r+ in $! $i$l! 8no"n o- a missin# 'oo2. K!n !&!r $!+ 9n% $! nam! som!

,a$ li2! Gosp!l o- Barna'a3s4 $!+ pr!s"m!% $a$ $! 'oo2s -o"n% i% $! sam!'oo2 . I- $!+ a% in&!s$i#a$!% prop!rl+ $!+ ,o"l% a&! concl"%!% $a$ $is is )"s$

a -or#!r+.

T!r! pr!s"mp$ion ,as incorr!c$ an% ,ron#.

Tis is a r!ason ,ic is mor! pro'l!ma$ic -or som! non apolo#!$ic Scolars.

R!ason 5?

5


19/36

Som! o- $! Apolo#is$s %i% $r"s$ $os! ,o acc!p$!% $! Gosp!l as G!n"in!. T!+

n!&!r $!s$!% $!ir pr!s"mp$ion . Tis is on! o- $! pop"lar r!ason.

T!r! ma+ '! som! mor! r!asons an% i$ is n!&!r claim!% $a$ $!s! ar! $! onl+

r!asons.

7o, !&!r som! scolar %i% !;a"s$ $!ir !n!r#i!s in comparin# $! Gosp!l

O-8Accor%in# $o Barna'a3s4 ,i$ $! -o"r N!, T!s$am!n$al Gosp!ls. In $!r! ,or2

$!+ %i% compar! $! con$!n$s o- $! $!;$ o- $! Gosp!l ,i$ $! con$!n$s o- $!;$s o-

N!, T!s$am!n$al Gosp!ls. On! ma+ appr!cia$! $!ir imm!ns! La'o"r '"$

"n-or$"na$!l+ $is canno$ pro&! $a$ T! Gosp!l Accor%in# $o Barna'a3s4 is no$ a

-or#!r+ o- som! on! ,o so !&!r ! ma+ '!. 7o, !&!r i- $! G!n"in!n!ss or $!

-or#!r+ o- $! Gosp!l o- Barna'a3s4 is no$ $! iss"! an% i$ is )"s$ a comparison

r!#ar%l!ss o- ori#inali$+ or -or#!r+ o- $! 'oo2 $!ir s$"%i!s in $is r!#ar% ar!

mar&!llo"s. T! onl+ $in# is $a$ i$ canno$ pro&! $! G!n"in!n!ss o- $! Gosp!l.

Som! also $ri!% $o compar! i$s $!;$ ,i$ Apocr+pal Gosp!ls as ,!ll. B"$ i- i$ isclaim!% $a$ N!, T!s$am!n$al an% Non N!, T!s$am!n$al Gosp!ls !i$!r "s!% $is

Gosp!l %ir!c$l+ or "s!% i$ in%ir!c$l+ i$ can '! claim!% $a$ $! a"$or o- $! Gosp!l

%i% a&! 'o$ $+p!s o- Gosp!ls ,i$ im an% ! compos!% is -or#!r+ $a2in#

ma$!rials -rom 'o$ $+p!s o- $! Gosp!ls. I- !i$!r si%! is !@"all+ possi'l! $!n $!

ar#"m!n$ in s"ppor$ o- $! Gosp!l Accor%in# $o Barna'a3s4 '!com! &!r+ ,!a2.

7o, !&!r a n"m'!r o- scolars %i% r!main sil!n$ on $! iss"!. B"$ $is is no$ $!

cas! o- Barna'a3s4. T!r! ar! som! !;ampl!s o- 'oo2s ,ic con$ra%ic$ Principl!

Islamic B!li!&!s +!$ scolars ar! sil!n$. /or !;ampl! $! a"$or o- R!cons$r"c$ion O-

To"#$s In Islam in $! 9ni$!n!ss an% $!mporali$+ o- Di&in! 1no,l!%#!. !$ al lar#!

n"m'!r o- Scolars ar! sil!n$ as i- $!+ ar! i#noran$ o- $is por$ion o- $! 'oo2. [S!!

r% L!c$"r! o- $! Boo2]. B"$ $is %o!s no$ m!an $a$ $!+ a&! acc!p$!% $! &i!, o-

$! a"$or o- $! 'oo2 on $! iss"! o- Di&in! .

R!)!c$ion o- $! Gosp!l Accor%in# $o Barna'a3s4 is no$ 'as!% on K!a2 O')!c$ions*0

Som! Scolars a&! opin!% $a$ Barna'a3s4 is r!!c$!% )"s$ on ,!a2 o')!c$ions. So $!+

a$$!mp$ $o ans,!r $!m .Som! o- $! ,!a2 o')!c$ions ar! #i&!n '!lo, an% $!r! ans,!rs

ar! #i&!n +!$ i- $!s! ans,!rs ar! corr!c$ an% no$ ,ron# !&!n $!n $!s! ans,!rs canno$

pro&! $! cr!%i'ili$+ o- $! Gosp!l.

5] In $! Barna'a3s4 i$ is sai% $a$ I"'il!! com!s a-$!r "n%r!% +!ars. Tis s!,s $a$ i$ is a-or#!r+ o- a la$$!r p!rio%. Sinc! Pop! Boni-ac! or%!r!% $o c!l!'ra$! I"'il!! +!ar onc! in a

c!n$"r+. 7is or%!r ,as iss"!% in $! +!ar 5 AC. B"$ $! or%!r as ann"ll!% in $! +!ar

5J AC. Tis %o!s s!, $a$ $! Gosp!l ,as ,ri$$!n som!,!r! '!$,!!n 5AC an%

5JAC.

[T7IS ARGUMENT IS CONSIDERED AS A=ER STRONG OBECTION BUT IT IS NOT SO STRONG.]

5Q


20/36

An ans,!r is #i&!n $a$ i$ is Possi'l! $a$ I!so"s 1ris$os [Cris$os][PBU7] or%!r!% is 9rs$

-ollo,!rs an% %iscipl!s $o c!l!'ra$! $! -!s$i&al a-$!r !&!r+ c!n$"r+. B"$ as non! o- $! N!,

T!s$am!n$al Gosp!ls r!cor%!% i$ $! -ollo,s o- $!m ,!r! "na,ar! o- $is comman% or

or%!r o- I!so"s 1ris$os. Sinc! non! o- $! -o"r N!, T!s$am!n$al Gosp!l r!cor%!% !ac an%

!&!r+ ac$ !ac an% !&!r+ sa+in# O- I!so"s 1ris$os. T!r! ,!r! man+ ac$s an% sa+in#s ,ic,!r! no$ ,ri$$!n '+ an+ on! o- $! a"$or o- N!, T!s$am!n$al Gosp!ls. So $!r! is a

possi'ili$+. Tis possi'ili$+ r!-"$!s $! o')!c$ion. B"$ [Po,!r-"l R!-"$a$ion o-] $is ,!a2

o')!c$ion is no$ r!sponsi'l! -or $! "nr!lia'ili$+ o- $! Gosp!l. B"$ i$s r!-"$a$ion %o!s no$

impl+ $a$ $! Gosp!l is no$ a /or#!r+. /orsa2! o- an ar#"m!n$ l!$ i$ '! s"ppos!% $a$ a

Gr!!2 or an Aramaic cop+ o- $! Gosp!l is -o"n% ,ic '!lon#s $o $! 5? c!n$"r+ AC. In

$is cas! $! Cris$ian r!spons! sall '! $a$ i$ is an "no:cial an% apocr+pal Gosp!l. B"$

$is ,!a2 o')!c$ion sall '! r!-"$!% is a cop+ o- $is Gosp!l is -o"n% '!lon#in# $o a p!rio%

prior $o $! p!rio% o- $! s$a$!% a'o&! Pop!. B"$ i$s r!-"$a$ion sall no$ pro&! i$s r!lia'ili$+.

Similarl+ i- s"c a cop+ is -o"n% i$ canno$ '! a r!lia'l! cop+ sinc! $is Gosp!l also

Con$ra%ic$s 6"r’a*n a% A"$!n$ic (A*a%i*s’ . B"$ i- no s"c cop+ is -o"n% !&!n $!n $is

o')!c$ion is a ,!a2 on!. I$ ma+ #ain som! s$r!n#$ ,i$ som! a%%i$ional !&i%!nc!s an%

in%ica$ors +!$ i$ is c!r$ainl+ no$ a s$ron# ar#"m!n$ in i$s!l-. Tis is $! r!-"$a$ion on $!r!li#io"s #ro"n%s. On s!c"lar #ro"n% on! a&! $o c!c2 $! +!ar o- i$s composi$ion. I$ is s$ill

possi'l! $a$ i$ ,as ,ri$$!n '+ som! on! !ls! +!$ i$ is incorr!c$l+ ascri'!% $o Barna'a3s4. So

$is o')!c$ion is ,!a2 !&!n i- $! Gosp!l Accor%in# $o Barna'a3s4 is a -or#!r+. Similarl+ i- a

cop+ o- $is Gosp!l is s"ppos!% $o '! -o"n% ,ic '!lon#s $o $! 9rs$ or $! s!con% c!n$"r+

$! 'oo2 r!mains $o '! no$ r!lia'l! on $! sam! #ro"n%s. S"ppos! $a$ i- a cop+ is -o"n%

,ic '!lon#s $o $! s!con% c!n$"r+ AC $! s$a$!% a'o&! o')!c$ion '!com!s in&ali% '"$

$! Gosp!l r!mains "nr!lia'l!. I$ is s$ill possi'l! an% con$in#!n$ $a$ i$ is ,ri$$!n '+ som!

on! !ls! an% is -als!l+ ascri'!% $o Barna'a3s4. A similar cas! is $! Gosp!l o- Tomas. A

n"m'!r o- scolars %o %o"'$ $a$ i$s a"$or ,as ac$"all+ Sain$ Tomas.

?] I$ is ar#"!% $a$ $! Gosp!l m!n$ions $! Prop!r No"n o- $! 7ol+ Prop!$ >M"*amma%F

[PBU7]. B"$ in $! $im! o- I!so"s 1ris$os [PBU7] no on! DID 2no, [incl"%in# I!so"s 1ris$os]

$a$ M"*amma% PBU7 ,o"l% 'orn in AC OR 5 AC.

So $is Gosp!l co"l% no$ '! ,ri$$!n '+ Barna'a3s4.

T! ans,!r $o $is o')!c$ion is po,!r-"l. On r!li#io"s #ro"n%s i$ can '! sai% $a$ Prop!ci!s

an% pr!%ic$ions ar! Possi'l! an% Con$in#!n$ an% i- $!+ ar! Possi'l! an% Con$in#!n$ $!n i$

is also possi'l! $a$ I!so"s Too2 $! Prop!r No"n s$a$!% a'o&!.

On s!c"lar #ro"n%s Coinci%!n$s ar! al,a+s possi'l! an% con$in#!n$. So $is is a ,!a2

o')!c$ion onc! a#ain. I- a p!rson ma2!s a pr!%ic$ion o- an !&!n$ in -"$"r! '"$ in r!al ! %o!s

no$ 2no, $! -"$"r! i$ is s$ill possi'l! an% con$in#!n$ $a$ $! pr!%ic$ion is -"l9ll!% as a

coinci%!nc!. T!r! is no )"s$i9ca$ion on s!c"lar #ro"n% i- an+ prop!c+ o- 7!'r!, Bi'l! or

N!, T!s$am!n$ or an+ scrip$"r! o- an+ r!li#ion is -"l9ll!% !;c!p$ $a$ i$ is a coinci%!n$. E&!n

i- mor! $!n on! prop!ci!s -"l9ll!% o,so!&!r lar#! in n"m'!r $!r! can '! onl+ on!

s!c"lar an% non r!li#io"s !;plana$ion $a$ $!+ ar! -"l9ll!% !;c!p$ $a$ $!ir -"l9lm!n$ is

3)"s$4 a coinci%!n$. Sinc! pl"rali$+ o- Coinci%!nc!s is possi'l! an% con$in#!n$. So $! po,!r

o- Possi'ili$+ an% Con$in#!nc+ canno$ '! %!ni!% on !i$!r #ro"n%s s$a$!% a'o&!. Similarl+

$! Possi'ili$+ an% a Con$in#!nc+ %o a&! s":ci!n$ po,!r $o r!-"$! $is o')!c$ion or $o ma2!

i$ a ,!a2 o')!c$ion '+ %rainin# $! po,!r o- o')!c$ion onc! -or all $im!s. E&!n $is is )"s$ a

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21/36

possi'ili$+ or a con$in#!nc+ [ $! ,or% or is incl"si&! an% no$ !;cl"si&!] i$ %o!s ma2! $!

po,!r or s$r!n#$ o- $! o')!c$ion or ar#"m!n$ $o c!as! i- i$ %o!s no$ r!-"$! i$ p!r-!c$l+.

B"$ i$ is )"s$ a Possi'ili$+ or a Con$in#!nc+ i$ is ma2! $! po,!r o- $! o')!c$ion $o c!as!

'"$ r!-"$a$ion o- $is ,!a2 o')!c$ion %o!$ no$ pro&! $! a"$!n$ici$+ o- $! Gosp!l "n%!r

%isc"ssion.

This does prove that powerful refutations of weak objections on a forger7 do not

prove that the forger7 is not a forger7.

Tis Gosp!l is a -or#!r+ !&!n i- som! o')!c$ions in $! Gosp!l ar! r!-"$!%.

SOME CRITERIA O/ TESTING T7E AUT7ENTICIT O/ A BOO18KOR1.

T!r! ar! s!&!ral cri$!ria $o $!s$ ,!$!r a 'oo2 or a %oc"m!n$ is #!n"in! or a -or#!r+ or an

al$!r!% -orm o- som! ori#inal.

Di!r!n$ $!rms ar! "s!% -or $a$ p"rpos!.

5] Cons!r&!% .[Ma*-"**] I- a 'oo2 or a %oc"m!n$[Ma2$"$a] or a [,ri$$!n] ,or2s is

cons!r&!% an% i$s copi!s ar! !;ac$l+ as $! ori#inal $!n $! 'oo2 !$c is call!% cons!r&!%

'oo2.

Non cons!r&a$ion[Gair Ma*-"**] ma+ '! o- an+ 2in%. [Ta*ri-]. E&!n i- $! sp!llin# is

can#!% i$ is a $+p! o- non cons!r&a$ion o- $! $!;$.

?]Manip"la$ion*0 I- small n"m'!rs o- por$ions o- con$!n$s o- $!;$ o- a 'oo2 !$c. ar! al$!r!%

an% a lar#! n"m'!r o- $!m is $!n i$ is manip"la$ion. T!s! can#!s incl"%! $! can#! in

or%!rs o- lin!s s!n$!nc!s ,or%s para#rap an% !&!n l!$$!rs

] * I- lar#! n"m'!r o- $!m is al$!r!% [Ta'%i*l]an% small n"m'!r is no$ $!n i$ is call!%

Dis$or$ion [Ta2ri*'].

J]I- no por$ion is al$!r!%[Ta'%i*l] '"$ som! n!, por$ions ar! ins!r$!% $!n i$ is call!%

A%%i$ion[]’I%*a-a].

] I- no por$ion is al$!r!% '"$ som! por$ions ar! !;p"n#!% $!n $is is call!%

S"'s$rac$ion[Ta29*-].

]I- som! por$ions ar! al$!r!% som! n!, por$ions ar! ins!r$!% som! ar! !;p"n#!% $!n i$

is call!% corr"p$ion[]Ta2ri*'].

] I- a cop+is$ commi$s an !rror ,il! cop+in# $!n i$ i$ is call!% a Cop+is$ Error[S& (Al

1a*$i'].

] I- !n$ir! 'oo2 or %oc"m!n$ is in&!n$!% an% is ascri'!% $o an a"$or -als!l+ $!n i$ is a

/or#!r+[aFlMa"%*"*].

I- $!s! %!9ni$ions ar! -ollo,!% s$ric$l+ $!n Gosp!l Accor%in# $o Barna'a3s4 is a /or#!r+.

?5


22/36

No$! * An+ can#! ma%! '+ $! ori#inal a"$or is !;cl"%!% -rom all $!s! %!9ni$ions. T!s!

ar! in $! cas! ,i$ $! EVCEPTION o- ori#inal a"$or ,o a$ an in$rinsic ri#$ -or

mo%i9ca$ions [Tarmi*ma*$]. So !i$!r a mo%i9ca$ion is '+ $! ori#inal ,ri$!r or sp!a2!r or '+

som! on! $a$ is no$ $! ori#inal ,ri$!r or sp!a2!r or 'o$.

All $!s! s"'cas!s ar! in $! cas! $! al$!rna$ion is ma%! '+ som! on! $a$ is no$ $!

ori#inal ,ri$!r or sp!a2!r or 'o$.

Som! r"l!s ar! also ,ri$$!n '!lo, a'o"$ $!s$in# $! a"$!n$ici$+ o- a cop+ o- a los$ 'oo2 or

%oc"m!n$ ar! ,ri$$!n '!lo,*0

I$ m"s$ '! no$!% $a$ m!r! anci!n$n!ss is no$ a cri$!ria o- a"$!n$ici$+. Sinc! Anci!n$

/or#!r+ or Manip"la$ion or A%%i$ion !$c. Ar! also possi'l! an% som! $im! [in a%%i$ion]

pro'a'l!.

5] I- $! prop!r 2no,l!%#! o- s!ri!s8cain o- cop+is$s ar! -o"n% $!n i$ is pro'a'l! $a$ $!+

-o"n% 'oo2 or %oc"m!n$ is n!i$!r a -or#!r+ no$ a corr"p$ion.

E;plana$ion. S"ppos! a 'oo2 is los$ or i$ c!as!s $o !;is$. A-$!r a lar#! in$!r&al o- $im! [ sa+ a

c!n$"r+] a cop+ o- $! 'oo2 is -o"n%. I- prop!r 2no,l!%#! o- $! cop+is$s ar! som! o,

-o"n% $!n $! cop+ is pro'a'l+ Cons!r&!%.

?] I- $,o or mor! copi!s o- $! sam! ,or2 is -o"n% !ac on! o- $!m in%!p!n%!n$ o- !ac

o$!r $!n i$ is som! ,a$ pro'a'l! $a$ $! $!;$ is cons!r&!%.

] I- %i!r!n$ ,ri$!rs o- %i!r!n$ 'oo2s a&! ,ri$$!n %i!r!n$ @"o$a$ions o- $! los$

'oo28%oc"m!n$ 83,ri$$!n4 ,or2 an% $!+ all '!lon#!% $o $! -o"n% cop+ $!n i$ is pro'a'l!

$a$ $! 'oo2 !$c. Is Cons!r&!%. I$ ma+ '! no$!% $a$ $!s! a"$ors m"s$ '! o- $! p!rio% o-

prior $o $! p!rio% o- %isapp!aranc! o- $! 'oo2 an% $!ir ,or2s m"s$ a&! a con$in"o"s

cop+.

J] I- $! ori#inal ,ri$!r as @"o$!% por$ions o- is missin# ,or2 in som! o- is o,n ,or2s [a$

l!as$ on!] an% $!+ %o a#r!! ,i$ $! ,or2 -o"n% a-$!r a lar#! in$!r&al o- $im! $!n i$ is

pro'a'l! $a$ $! -o"n% ,ri$$!n ,or2 is #!n"in! an% no$ a -or#!r+. I- mor! an% mor!

@"o$a$ions ar! -o"n% $! pro'a'ili$+ is incr!as!%. B"$ as $is is a proo- 'as!% on in%"c$ion i$

an no$ '! c!r$ain "nl!ss !ac an% !&!r+ s!n$!nc! is pro&!% in $is mann!r. 7o, !&!r

c!r$ain$+ is no$ -o"n% in $is cas! sinc! i$ is possi'l! $a$ som! con$!n$s ar! m"$a$!% som!

o,.

J] I- som! a"$ors '!lon#in# $o $! p!rio% ,!n $! 'oo2 ,as no$ los$ a&! ,ri$$!n i$s

s"mmari!s an% $! 'oo2 is accor%in# $o $!m $!n i$ is pro'a'l! $a$ $! 'oo2 is no$ a

-or#!r+.

!$ possi'ili$+ an% con$in#!nc+ o- a%%i$ion s"'s$rac$ion an% manip"la$ion canno$ '! r"l!%

o"$ ,i$ c!r$ain$+. B"$ i$ is pro'a'l! $a$ $! cop+ o- $! 'oo2 !$c. is cons!r&!%.

] A's!nc! o- lis$ o- Lis$!nin#s [SamaFa*$] or A's!nc! o- r!cor% o- s!ri!s o-

R!a%in#s8R!ci$a$ion also ma2! $! ,or2 a pro'a'l! -or#!r+.

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23/36

] A Man"scrip$ [Ma2$"*$a8Ma2$"*$] ,ic %o!$ no$ a&! a Sana% [ S!ri!s o- So"rc!s

"man or o$!r,is!] ,ic is no$ s$a$!% '+ con$!mporar+ a"$ors o- $! claim!% A"$or or

no on! a$ copi!% i$ imm!%ia$!l+ -rom $! a"$or or all i$ is impli!% $! ascrip$ion o- $!

Kri$$!n Boo28Kor2 is incorr!c$. Tis is a proo- o- Kron#n!ss an% incorr!c$n!ss o- $!

Ascri'in# $! ,or28'oo2 $o $! claim!% A"$or.

] I- $! Nasi2 [Cop+is$] is A'sol"$!l+ "n2no,n $! ,or2 is a /or#!r+.

] I- $! No"n O- $! Na*si2 [Cop+is$] is 2no,n an% i$ is also 2no,n $a$ $! Cop+is$ is

Tr"s$,or$+ an% /ai$-"l [S’67] an% som! o$!r o$!r copi!s o- im %o !;is$ ,ic ar!

r!lia'l! $!n $! 37an%4Kri$in# n!,l+ -o"n%!% Ma2$"*$ [Cop+] ma+ '! compar!% an% can

'! )"%#!%. I- $! an% ,ri$in# %o!s %i!r $!n $is is a ,or2 o- a cop+is$ ,o a&! ma%! a

-or#!r+ an% as "s!% $! No"n o- $! r!lia'l! Nasi*2 [Cop+is$] in an a$$!mp$ $o ma2! is

-or#!r+ imm"n! -rom '!in# %!$!c$!%.

Q]I- $! ori#inal man"scrip$ o- $! a"$or -rom r!lia'l! so"rc!s %o !;is$ $! cop+ m"s$ '!

compar!% ,i$ i$ '!-or! ma2in# an+ )"%#!m!n$ or %!cision .

I$ is ,!ll 2no,n $a$ som! /or#!ri!s ar! !&!n ascri'!% $o Imam Saris$a*ni an% Imam

Rai* an% $!s! ,or2s %o s!, $a$ /or#!ri!s ar! al,a+s %!$!c$!% an% M"slims ar! S"p!r

S!nsi$i&! on $! iss"! o- /or#!ri!s. I$ is as$onisin# $a$ ,+ som! M"slims a&! l!-$ $!ir

cri$!ria an% ,+ $!+ a&! consi%!r!% $is -or#!r+ as #!n"in!.

5] Prop!r in-orma$ion a'o"$ Cop+is$ [Nasi2] 1a$ An Nas2 [Kri$in#]Cop+8Man"scrip$

[Ma2$"*$]/oo$ No$!s [7*a&a*si*] Plac! o- Cop+ an% Plac! o- '!in# Copi!% !$c. Ar! also

impor$an$ %!cisi&! -ac$ors.

Barna'as %o!s no$ sa$is-+ an+ cri$!ria. I$ is no$in# mor! $!n a /or#!r+.

/or#!r+ is no$ onl+ a crim! '"$ a sin an% a $rans#r!ssion. (Isla*m %o!s no$ allo, s"c a$in#s. I- i$ is s"ppos!% $a$ $is -or#!r+ is ma%! '+ a M"slim $!n $! p!rson as

$rans#r!ss!% a#ains$ $! La, [SarFia] o- (Isla*m. I$ is )"s$ li2! (Isla*m proi'i$s -rom por2

an% ,in!. I- a M"slim !a$s por2 or %rin2s ,in! $!n Isla*m is c!r$ainl+ no$ r!sponsi'l! -or i$.

T! p!rson is a sinn!r. Sin o- a M"slim canno$ '! ascri'!% $o Isla*m )"s$ li2! an "n)"s$ ac$ o-

a !, canno$ '! ascri'!% $o "%aism an "n)"s$ ac$ o- a Cris$ian canno$ '! ascri'!% $o

Cris$iani$+ !$c.

I- som! M"slims %!-!n% $! /or#!r+ no"n!% [nam!%] as Gosp!l Accor%in# $o Barna'as $!n

(Isla*m is also no$ r!sponsi'l! -or $!ir $is "n,is! ac$ o- in)"s$ic! .

A Crim! is a Crim! !&!n i- i$ is p!r-!c$ A Sin is a sin !&!n i- i$ is '!a"$i-"l.

7o, !&!r i- som! on! claims $o a&! ans,!r!% !ac an% !&!r+ o')!c$ion on $! Gosp!l or

i- ! claims $a$ ! as pro&!% $! a"$!n$ici$+ l!$ im pr!s!n$ is ar#"m!n$s an% proo-s

so $a$ $!+ ma+ '! cri$icall+ an% lo#icall+ '! anal+!% an% $!s$!%.

Up $ill no, $!+ a&! %on! no $in# in $is r!#ar%.

TO K7OM IT MA CONCERN*0

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24/36

Isla*m a$ s"r&i&!% ,i$ o"$ $! Gosp!l. M"slim Scolars Apolo#is$s T!olo#ians

Lo#icians D!'a$!rs !$c %o a&! %!-!n%!% (Isla*m -rom $! a$$ac2s o- An$i Isla*mic circl!s

an% $!+ n!&!r n!!%!% $is /or#!r+ o- Barna*'a3s4. (Isla*m n!&!r n!!% $is Gosp!l $o '!

%!-!n% . I$ is no$ a M"slim Gosp!l8 Isla*mic as all!#!% '+ som! o')!c$ion ma2!rs. I$ is an An$i

M"slim an% An$i Isla*mic ,or2. I$ is s$ran#! $a$ man+ o')!c$ion ma2!r %o 2no, $a$ som!M"slims '!#an $o "s! i$ in $! in$!r&al o- $im! -rom 5 $o 5Q. B"$ -rom $! %!a$ o- 7ol+

Prop!$ $o 5 AC Isla*m %i% no$ n!!% i$.

AN APOLOG TO K7OM IT MA CONCERN

Tis ar$icl! ma+ anno+ som! o- o"r M"slim Bro$!rs ,o a&! a$$!mp$!% $o r!-"$!

som! o- $! ,!a2 o')!c$ions on $! Gosp!l. B"$ i$ m"s$ am"s! $os! M"slim

Scolars an% Apolo#is$s ,o "s! Principl!s o- 7*a%i*s’ $o $!s$ $! Cr!%i'ili$+ o- s"c

,or2s an% 9n%in#s. To $os! ,o ar! anno+!% I %o ma2! a r!@"!s$ $a$ I am a

S"nni [(AS7’’ARIMATURIDI] S"nni [ No$ Baraili&i]M"slim


25/36

(Isla*m an% Mo%!rn 7!r!$ics li2! Gami%i* En#in!!r >Ali Mira Tn)ani an% P!rsian

Scolars. 7o, !&!r I %o no$ con%!mn $os! ,o a$$!mp$ $o r!-"$! ,!a2 o')!c$ions

on $is Gosp!l. I$ is s$ill a r!s!arc ,or2 an% on! m"s$ appr!cia$! i$ as a r!s!arc

,or2 sinc! Isla*m ,!lcom!$ R!s!arc Kor2s. I onl+ ma2! o')!c$ion on $! opinion

$a$ r!-"$a$ion o- ,!a2 o')!c$ions pro&!s Cr!%i'ili$+ an% R!lia'ili$+. Gosp!l o-Barna'as is as "nr!lia'l! as $! 'oo2 > Cr"ci9;ion '+ an E+! Ki$n!ssF.

Concl"sion* Tis Gosp!l is !r!$ical an% a$ pr!s!n$ a -or#!r+ !&!n i- som! o- i$s

con$!n$s ma+ '! in accor%anc! $o 6"r’a*n or N!, T!s$am!n$ or Tanac som! o- i$s

con$!n$s %o conHic$ $!m. A n"m'!r o- M"slim apolo#is$s ,o a&! s"ppor$!% i$

ac$"all+ %i% no$ r!a% i$ cri$icall+ an% n!&!r compar!% i$ $!;$ ,i$ 6"r’a*n an%

Canonical Boo2s O- (A*a%i*s’.

No$in# mor! can '! sai% in #!n!ral a'o"$ $!m !;c!p$ $a$ i$ is also !@"all+

pla"si'l! $a$ !i$!r $!+ n!&!r r!a% $! &!r+ 'oo2 i$s!l- or $!+ r!a% onl+ -!, par$s

o- $! 'oo2 an% l!-$ o$!r par$s o- i$ ,i$ o"$ r!a%in#. 7o, !&!r a n"m'!r o- o$!r$in#s ma+ also '! sai% '"$ no$ in #!n!ral. [S!! a'o&!* An Apolo#+ -or $!

Apolo#is$s].

E;c!p$ion is -rom $! G!n!ral Cas! i$ is no$ -rom an+ on! o- $! par$ic"lar cas!s.

A Conspirac+

I$ is $ri!% $o s!, '+ som! p!opl! $a$ all $! M"slims s"ppor$ $is 'oo2. T!+

pr!s!n$ $! cas! as i- i$ is con$ro&!rsial '!$,!!n Cris$ians ,o r!)!c$ $is 'oo2 an%

M"slims ,o acc!p$ $is 'oo2. Tis is no$ $! cas!. I$ is no$ a M"slim 'oo2. I$ is

impossi'l! $o claim $a$ i$ !&!n con$ain #!n"in! pr!acin#s an% $!acin#s o- I!so"s

1ris$os i- $! Gosp!l is $!s$!% on $! Sci!nc! o- Principl!s O- 7*a%i*s’ . T! $im!

a&! com! $o !;plo%! $is conspirac+ onc! -or all. I- Pro$!s$an$s ar! no$ r!sponsi'l!

o- '!li!&!s o- Roman Ca$olics Roman Ca$olics ar! no$ r!sponsi'l! -or $! ac$s o-

Arian Ca$olics Arians ar! no$ r!sponsi'l! -or N!s$orians Nas$orians ar! no$

r!sponsi'l! -or I!o&a Ki$n!ss an% so on $!n All $! M"slims canno$ '!

r!sponsi'l! -or $! irr!sponsi'l! ac$ an% ,or2 o- som! M"slims li2! Ma"%"%i !$c.

7o, !&!r $! $im! a&! com! -or all ra$ional M"slims $o Cri$ici! $is /or#!r+ an% $o

r!)!c$ $is 'oo2. I r!@"!s$ all M"slim an% Al"ss"nna Cri$ics o- Barna'as in

par$ic"lar an% M"slim Cri$ics o- /or#!ri!s an% Concoc$ions $o "ni$! a#ains$ $!

Conspirac+ o- $is UnIsla*mic 'oo2 ,ic is no$in# '"$ MAUD*UF accor%in# $oIslamic Principl! o- 7*%i*s’. an% $o con&inc! all $os! ,o $r+ $o s"ppor$ $is 'oo2 $o

r!)!c$ $! 'oo2 in $! no"n [nam!] o- 6"r’anic an% 7*A%i*s’ic $r"$ an% r!ali$+.

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26/36

SUB7*A*N ALL7 = BI 7*AMDI7I*

SUB7*A*N ALL7 ( >A*I*M

/oo$no$!s*05]M+ in$!r!s$ in $! Gosp!l O- Barna'a3s4 '!#an ,!n som! Barail&i Scolars "s!%i$s $!;$ $o pro&! on! o- $!r! opinion no$ -rom 6"r’a*n an% A"$!n$ic 7*a%i*s’ '"$

-rom Tis Gosp!l. Barail&i c"l$ is a !r!$ic s!c$ -o"n%!% '+ (A*ma% Ra%*a* Son O-

Na@i* >Ali [ 5AC5QAC]. 7! ,as 'orn in Bans Baraili a To,n in a pro&inc! o-

Bri$is In%ia [5AC5QJAC]call!% Bans Barail+. I$ m"s$ no$ '! con-"s!% ,i$ Rai

Baraili an o$!r $o,n In Uni$!% Pro&inc!s o- Bri$is In%ia. Al$o 'o$ $o,ns a&! $!

no"n Bariali common $!+ ar! %i!r!n$ia$!% '+ $! pr!9; Bans an% Rai. Bans

m!ans Bam'oo an% Bam'oo ,as c"l$i&a$!% in Bans Baraili an% ,as %is$ri'"$!% all

o&!r $! Bri$is In%ia. T!r! is a pro&!r' > Ta2in# Bac2 Bam'oo $o Bans BarailiF

Kic m!ans an "nr!asona'l! ac$. Sinc! Bans Baraili ,as $! c!r$!r o- s"ppl+in#

Bam'oo in $! !n$ir! Bri$is In%ian S"'con$in!n$ i$ is "nr!asona'l! $o $a2! Bam'oo

-rom an+ o$!r plac! $o Bans Baraili.

T!r! ar! $,o possi'l! &i!,s a'o"$ $! ,or% Rai. A] A comm"ni$+ nam!% Rai onc!

li&!% $!r!. B] Rai [ Prono"nc!% as Ra!] is a %!-orma$ion o- $! ,or% Rai. A s!!%

"s!% in spic!s. Onc! i$ ,as c"l$i&a$!% $!r!.

Ma"la&i Ra%*a [5AC5QAC] -o"n%!% a n!, !r!$ic c"l$ '"$ claim!% $o '! $!

onl+ S"nni #ro"p in !n$ir! M"slim ,orl%. 7! %!clar!% all #r!a$ S"nni >Ulma*s !i$!r

as 7!r!$ic or In-!%!l or 'o$. Som! o- is '!li!&!s ar! #i&!n '!lo,*0

5] 7ol+ Prop!$ is Omnisci!nc! ,i$ an a$$ri'"$! o- B!s$o,!% Omnisci!nc!.

?] 7ol+ Prop!$ is Omnipo$!n$ ,i$ an a$$ri'"$! o- B!s$o,!% Omnipo$!nc!.

] 7ol+ Prop!$ is Omnipr!s!m$ ,i$ an a$$ri'"$! o- B!s$o,!% Omnipr!s!nc!.

J]7ol+ Prop!$ an% Sain$s all a&! po,!r %!-+ na$"r! an% s"sp!n% la,s o- Na$"r!

an% $o p!r-orm an+ ac$ $!+ li2!.

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27/36

] 7ol+ Prop!$ 7a$ po,!r $o can#! an% ann"l! $! La, O- (ALL7 [Sari*Fa]

!&!n i- %o!$ no$ !;!rcis! 7is Po,!rs in r!#ar% $o SarFi*a.

] Ma)ori$+ o- Barail&is '!li!&! $a$ 7ol+ Prop!$ [PBU7] is no$ a 7"man B!in# '"$

a Li#$ [N"*r] ,ic ass"m!% "mani$+. Accor%in# $o $!m7! is no$ a 7"man B!in#

B"$ a Ra$ional Li#$ ,ic ass"m!% $! -orm o- a 7"man B!in#< ,i$ o"$ '!comin#

a 7"man B!in#.

So accor%in# $o $!m 7! is no$ a "man '!in# '"$ a Li#$ $a$ app!ar!% in 7"man

/orm ,i$r o"$ '!comin# a "man '!in#.

A minori$+ o- Baraili&is o,!&!r '!li!&!s $a$ 7ol+ Prop!$ ,as a Li#$ $a$ ,i$o"$

c!asin# $o '! Li#$ ass"m!% "mini$+ an% '!cam! Li#$.No, accor%in# $o $!m 7!

poss!ss!$ $,o Na$"r!s i] 7"man Na$"r! [7"mini$+]ii] Li#$ Na$"r! [Li#$n!ss].

Accor%in# $o S"nni &i!, 7ol+ Prop!$ is a 7"man B!in# in $! r!al m!anin#[Primar+M!anin#8T! /irs$ M!anin#3s4] o- $! ,or% 7"man B!in# [(Insa*n]. Som! o- $!m

call im Li#$ onl+ in M!$aporical or /i#"ra$i&! Or =ir$"al [S!con%ar+

m!anin#s]./!, o- $!m o,!&!r opin! $a$ 7ol+ Prop!$ ,as a 7"man B!in# an%

Li#$ 'o$ in $! R!al M!anin# +!$ $!+ '!li!&! in Primac+ an% Priori$+ o- 7is

7"mani$+ [(Ins*ni+a] o&!r 7is Li#$n!ss [N"*ra*ni+a]. Tis con$ra%ic$s $! !r!$ics

,o '!li!&! in $! Primac+ an% Priori$+ o- 7is Li#$n!ss o&!r 7is 7"mani$+.

7is Li#$n!ss i- acc!p$!% canno$ an% %o!$no$ con$ra%ic$ 7is li2!n!ss

[Mis’li+aSimilari$+] $o o$!r in%i&i%"als "man B!in#s sinc! is li2!n!ss is 'as!%

"pon 7is 7"mani$+.

T! 7"mani$+ o- 7ol+ Prop!$ is no$ onl+ $! N!c!ssar+ A;iom o- (Al"ss"nna =al

ama*’a [AD*DURIA*T (AL A7L (ASSUNNA7 =AL AMA*’A7] '"$ also $! N!c!ssar+

A;iom o- (Isla*m [D*ARU*RIA*T (AL ISLA*M].

I$ ma+ '! no$!% $a$ ,!n I s$"%i!% $! all!#!% cr!%i'ili$+ o- Tis Gosp!l an% I

-o"n% i$ Ta$ i$ is no$ r!lia'l! in $! l!as$ m!anin# o- $! ,or% R!lia'l! an%

accor%in# $o Isa*mic Principl!s i$ is $! %"$+ o- a M"slim $o T!s$ i$ accor%in# $o $!

Isla*mic S+s$!m o- T!s$in# $! $ra%i$ions an% $!r! 'oo2s.

So I imm!%ia$!l+ '!cam! in$!r!s$!% in s$"%+in# i$s cr!%i'ili$+ on lar#!r scal! an%

-o"n% $a$ i$ is Ma"%*"F[Concoc$ion/or#!r+] accor%in# $o (Isla*mic s+s$!m o- T!s$in# Tra%i$ions an% Boo2s o- Tra%i$ions.

?] a4Accor%in# $o 7*a%is’ a +o"n# -ai$-"l Discipl! o- I!so"s 1ris$os [>I*SA* Masi**]

[P!ac! B! Upon 7im] &ol"n$aril+ o!r!% 7ims!l- $o '! cap$"r!%. 7! ,as

imm!%ia$!l+ $rans-orm!% an% $rans9#"r!% in $! Li2!n!ss o- I!so"s 1ris$os. T!

sam! p!rson ,as cap$"r!% impal!% an% cr"ci9!%. B"$ $! Gosp!l sa+s i$ ,as

I"%as $! on! ,o '!$ra+!% I!so"s 1ris$os. T!r! is som! Di&in! Kis%om '!in%

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28/36

$is Di&in! Ac$ i$ is no$ $a$ D!i$+8 Go% Tric2!% $os! ,o a$$!mp$!% $o Cap$"r!

Is!o"s 1ris$os. Di&in! Ac$s an% Di&in! Doin#s 7a&! Di&in! Kis%om in T!m T!+

canno$ '! call!% as >Tric2sF.

'4T! Gosp!l sa+s $a$ I!so"s 1ris$os %!sc!n%!% -or a p!rio% o- $im! a-$!r 7isAsc!nsion $o 7!a&!ns.7! ,as asc!n%!% onc! a#ain. B"$ in Isla*mic Li$!ra$"r! $is is

"nacc!p$a'l!. Tis %o#ma is a 7!r!s+ an% canno$ '! acc!p$!%.

T! Gosp!l sa+s in cap$!r ?5Q*0

K!r!-or! !s"s pra+!% Go% $a$ ! ,o"l% #i&! im po,!r $o s!! is mo$!r an%

is %iscipl!s.

>T!n $! m!rci-"l Go% comman%!% is -o"r -a&o"ri$! an#!ls ,o ar! Mica!l

Ga'ri!l Ra-a!l


29/36

J] T! Gosp!l claims $a$ I!so"s ,as conc!i&!% ,i$ o"$ pain i.! a painl!ss

conc!p$ion.

T! Gosp!l sa+s in i$s $ir% cap$!r*0

T! &ir#in ,as s"rro"n%!% '+ a li#$ !;c!!%in# 'ri#$ an% 'ro"#$ -or$ !r son

,i$o"$ pain,om s! $oo2 in !r armsX.

B"$ 6"r’a*n in-orm!$ $a$*0

>T!n $! 'ir$ pan# %ro&! !r $o $! $r"n2 o- a [Da$!] Palm Tr!!. S! [i.!

Mariam8Miriam 8 Mar+am] sai%*0 Ko"l% $a$ I a% %i!% '!-or! $is [E&!n$] an% a%

'!com! -or#o$$!n los$ in o'li&ionF.[5Q*?].

Som! 'lin% s"ppor$!rs o- $! Gosp!l Accor%in# $o Barna'as a&! $ri!% $o ma2! a

armon+ '!$,!!n $is Gosp!l an% 6"r’a*n '+ claimin# $a$ $! pain ,as prior $o $!

conc!p$ion an% a$ $! $im! o- $! conc!p$ion $!r! ,as no pain. B"$ i$ m"s$ '!no$!% $a$ s"c a 7armon+ can onl+ '! ma%! i- $! $!;$ o- an a"$!n$ic $ra%i$ion o-

7*a%i*s’ o- a Canonical Boo2 o- (A*%i*s’ li2! 7ol+ M"slim or 7ol+ B"2ari a$ sai% i$.

In $! cas! o- a ,!a2 $ra%i$ion i$ is no$ $! cas!. T! Gosp!l Accor%in# $o Barna'as

is no$ !&!n a ,!a2 $ra%i$ion . So s"c a 7armon+ is in&ali% $o"# lo#icall+ Possi'l!

an% Lo#icall+ Con$in#!n$. !$ s$ill no$ &ali%. Similarl+ Li#$s ar! no$ s$a$!% in

6"r’a*n. An !;$r!mis$ s"ppor$!r o- Barna'a3s4 ma+ sa+ $a$ i$ is an ar#"m!n$ o-

sil!nc! '"$ i$ is som! $in# mor! $an sil!nc!. On! can onl+ "s! $is ar#"m!n$

,!n s"c an !&!n$ is $ol% in a"$!n$ic 7*a%i*s’ o- a canonical 'oo2 o- 7*a%i*s. E&!n

,!a2 $ra%i$ions canno$ !n)o+ $is sor$ o- '!n!9 i.! '!n!9$ o- sil!nc!.

Accor%in# $o $! Gosp!l $! s$or+ o- 'ir$ o- I!so"s 1ris$os is %i!r!n$ -rom $!

7is$or+ O- I!so"s m!n$ion!% in 6"r’a*n.

Gosp!l sa+s*0

os!p a&in# arri&!% a$ B!$l!!m -or $a$ $! ci$+ ,as small an% #r!a$ $!

m"l$i$"%! o- $!m $a$ ,!r! s$ran#!rs $!r! ! -o"n% no plac! ,!r!-or! ! $oo2

lo%#in# o"$si%! $! ci$+ in a lo%#in# ma%! -or a s!p!r%sW s!l$!r. Kil! os!p

a'o%! $!r! $! %a+s ,!r! -"l9ll!% -or Mar+ $o 'rin# -or$.

T! &ir#in ,as s"rro"n%!% '+ a li#$ !;c!!%in# 'ri#$ an% 'ro"#$ -or$ !r son

,i$o"$ pain ,om s! $oo2 in !r arms an% ,rappin# im in s,a%%lin#clo$!slai% im in $! man#!r '!ca"s! $!r! ,as no room in $! inn. T!r! cam! ,i$

#la%n!ss a #r!a$ m"l$i$"%! o- an#!ls $o $! inn 'l!ssin# Go% an% anno"ncin# p!ac!

$o $!m $a$ -!ar Go%. Mar+ an% os!p prais!% $! Lor% -or $! 'ir$ o- !s"s an%

,i$ #r!a$!s$ )o+ n"r$"r!% im. [GB Z]

5] T! Gosp!l sa+s $a$ "si-8Ios!p arri&!% in $! ci$+ o- B!$l!!m. Gosp!l is sil!n$ a'o"$ Mari"m . B"$ !&!r+

$in# impli!s $a$ ! ,as accompani!% '+ !r. So $! 'o$ arri&!% in Ba$!l!!m.

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30/36

?] T! Gosp!l sa+s $a$ "s"- [Ios!p] $oo2 lo%#in# in a lo%#in# o"$ si%! $! ci$+ ,ic ,as ma%! -or S!p!r%s.

Gosp!l is sil!n$ a'o"$ Mari"m. !$ !&!r+ $in# impli!s $a$ Mari"m accompani!% im. So $!+ 'o$ $oo2 lo#%in# in a

lo%#in# s$a$!% a'o&!. I$ is no$ $! cas! $a$ "s"- $oo2 lo%#in# a$ on! plac! an% Mari"m $oo2 lo%#in# a$ som! o$!r

plac!.

] T! Gosp!l sa+ $a$ "s"- a'o%! $!r! an% $! %a+s ,!r! -"l9ll!% -or Mari"m $o Conc!i&!. Onc! a#ain !&!r+

$in# impli!s $a$ $!+ 'o$ a'o%! $!ir an% "s"- ,as no$ alon! $!ir . I$ canno$ '! acc!p$!% $a$ ! a'o%! som!

,!r! !ls! an% Mari"m a'o%! som! ,!r! !ls!.

J] Mari"m ,as s"rro"n%!% '+ a li#$ o- #r!a$ 'ri#$n!ss.

] Conc!p$ion ,as painl!ss.

] E&!r+ $in# impli!s $a$ S! conc!i&!% in $! lo%#in# s$a$!% a'o&!. T!n s! lai% !r son in $! man#!r sinc!

$!r! ,as no room in $! inn.

I- i$ is claim!% $a$ $!s! ar! minor %isp"$!s $!n i$ m"s$ '! 2no,n $a$ an+ con$ra%ic$ion ,i$ an+ &!rs! o- 6"r’a*n

can n!&!r '! minor i$ is al,a+s ma)or an% -"n%am!n$al. T"s i$ is s$a$!% $a$*0

An7 contradiction with the )ur*a+n cannot be minor. "t is alwa7s a major one.

No, l!$ i$ '! s!!n o, 6UR’A*N Narra$!$ $! is$or+.

>T!n S! [Ma+am8Mari"m] conc!i&!% 7im an% s! r!$ir!% ,i$ im $o a plac! -or o. T! 'ir$ pran#s $oo2 !r $o

$! $r"n2 o- $! palm $r!!. S! sai% >Ko"l% $a$ I a% %i!% '!-or! $is an% %i% a&! '!!n -or#o$$!n los$ in

o'li&ion.T!n On! call!% -rom "n%!rn!a$ !r. T+ Lor% a$ plac!% "n%!rn!a$ $!! a ri&"l!$F. [5Q*???]

T!s! ,or%s %o %o s!, $a$ Mari"m ,as alon! ,!n s! r!$ir!% $o a plac! ,ic is commonl+ call!% Ba$l!!m

,ic is s!&!n mil!s a,a+.

Accor%in# $o $!s! s!n$!nc!s i$ is cl!ar $a$ *0

5]Mari"m all '+ !rs!l- ,!n$ $o a %is$an$ plac!.

?] S! %i% no$ n!!% a lo%#in# $!r! sinc! D!i$+8Go% 7ims!l- ma%! a plac! -or !r.

]S! conc!i&!% I!so"s 1ris$os '!n!a$ a %a$!palm $r!!.

J] E&!r+ $in# s"##!s$ $a$ $! a%&!n$ o- m"l$i$"%! o- an#!ls is )"s$ an ima#inar+ !&!n$ ma%! o"$ o- $!

ima#ina$ion o- $! a"$or an% $! -or#!r+ ma2!r.

T! Gosp!l cl!arl+ con$ra%ic$!$ 6"r’a*n or $!ir armon+ is s$ron#l+ impro'a'l!.

Poin$s $o '! no$!%*0 I- $!r! a% '!!n m"l$i$"%! o- an#!ls Mari"m ,o"l% no$ a&! sai% s"c ,or%s in $!ir

pr!s!nc!. T!+ ,o"l% a&! '!!n s":ci!n$l+ !no"# $o !nco"ra#! !r.

7ol+ Mari"m $ra&!ll!% alon! -rom !r %omas$ic plac! $o $! plac! ,!r! s! conc!i&!% 7ol+ I!so"s Cris$os.

S! %i% -!!l pain an% $!r! is a'sol"$!l+ no r!ason $o s"ppos! $a$ s! %i% -!!l pain prior $o $! ac$ o- conc!p$ion

an% s! %i% no$ -!!l an+ pain %"rin# $! ac$ o- conc!p$ion. S"c a armon+ can onl+ '! ma%! i- $!r! is s"c a$ra%i$ion -rom 7ol+ Boo2 o- B"2ari Sari*- or 7ol+ Boo2 o- M"slim Sari*- or a $ra%i$ion $a$ is S*a*i** an%

accor%in# $o $! s$an%ar% o- $!s! $,o 7ol+ Boo2s. E&!n a ,!a2 $ra%i$ion '!lon#in# $o an+ Canonical 'oo2 is no$

,or$+ $o ma2! s"c 7armoni!s. No$ $o m!n$ion no$ canonical Boo2s li2! a (Al Ma-@"*% !$c. [S*a*i** is $! /irs$

Ca$!#or+ o- $ra%i$ions 7*asan is $! S!con% Ca$!#or+ o- $ra%i$ionsD*aFi*- is $! $ir% Ca$!#or+ o- $ra%i$ions an%

Ma"%*"*F is $! -or$ Ca$!#or+ o- $ra%i$ions].

NOTE*0 In (Isla*mic S+s$!m !&!n a $ra%i$ion o- a Canonical Boo2 ma+ '! no$ a"$!n$ic[,i$ $! N!c!ssar+

E;c!p$ion o- B"2ari an% M"slim $! $,o mos$ Canonical 'oo2s o- all $! cannon]. So i$ is al,a+s r!@"ir!% $o $!s$

an% c!c2 $! cain o- narra$ors [ 7"man So"rc!s] o- $! Tra%i$ion '!-or! claimin# i$ as A"$!n$ic. T! $ra%i$ions o-


31/36

Non Canonical Boo2s ar! c!r$ainl+ no$ r!lia'l!. Tis is %i!r!n$ -rom $! Cris$ian S+s$!m in ,ic $ra%i$ions o-

Canonical ,or2s ar! '!li!&!% $o '! a"$!n$ic. T! principl! o- (Is’na* (Asri$! !l%!rs i.! ="s’"*@ Bis*s S*"%"*r is

analo#o"s $o Cris$ian S+s$!m a$ l!as$ in appro;ima$ion i- no$ in c!r$ain$+ pro;ima$ion !$c.

] Accor%in# $o $is Gosp!l 7"man =ol"n$ar+ ac$s ar! a'sol"$!l+ -r!!. Tis is a p"r!

6a%ri or M"F$aili &i!,. Tis !;pos!s $a$ i$s ,ri$!r ,as !i$!r a M"F$aili or anE;$r!mis$ 6a%ri or (A2'a*ri or an Is’na* >Asri sinc! $!+ all ar! 6a%ri S!c$s.

Accor%in# $o S"nni s!c$s [AsFariMa$"ri%i Sala9] ac$s o- Ra$ional S"ppos$a ,!$!r

i$ '! a "man '!in# or an an#!lic '!in# or a in '!in# ar! cr!a$ion o- D!i$+.Similarl+

ac$s or ,or2s o- Non Li&in# $in#s ar! also Cr!a$!%.

] T! Gosp!l claims $a$ Go% is a R"** 8Spiri$. Tis %o#ma is also a !r!s+. Sinc!

Go% is no$ li2! an+ on! o- 7is Cr!a$ion !nc! Go% is an Ess!nc! $a$ is n!i$!r a

a"ar [ S"'s$!nc!] or an Acci%!n$. 7! is also no$ a ism. So $is Gosp!l Pr!ac!s

7!r!s+. Spiri$s ar! cr!a$ions an% no cr!a$ion is D!i$+. So $o sa+ D!i$+ is a Spiri$ is

)"s$ li2! $o sa+ $a$ D!i$+ is a S"'s$anc! or D!i$+ is a Bo%+ or D!i$+ is a Cr!a$ion or

D!i$+ is a Ma$$!r or D!i$+ is a Ma$$!rial B!in# or D!i$+ is a Spiri$"al B!in#. 7ol+ D!i$+

is a'sol"$!l+ '!+on% all $!s! claims.

] T! Gosp!l claims $a$ Mariam8 Mar+am [As] Mo$!r o- I!so"s ,as marri!% $o

Ios!- $! carp!n$!r ["s"- Na))a*r]. B"$ $is %o#ma is a !r!s+. S! ,as a p!rp!$"al

&ir#in n!i$!r $o"c!% '+ an+ mal! "man '!in# nor marri!% $o an+ on! [,i$ o"$

'!in# $o"c!% '+ im]. S! ,as "nmarri!% &ir#in. So $is %o#ma con$ra%ic$s $!

pop"lar &i!, o- Mariam amon# M"slims. Som! M"slims a&! o,!&!r acc!p$!% $!

%o#ma +!$ $!+ ar! "na'l! $o pro&i%! an+ !&i%!nc! -rom Islamic Scrip$"r!s an%

r!l+ on Non Apocr+pal N!, T!s$am!n$ an% Apocr+pal N!, T!s$am!n$. T!r! is

no A"$!n$ic 7*a%i*s’ $a$ s! ,as marri!% $o Ios!p $! Carp!n$!r ["s"- An

Na))a*r]. So on! ,o claims so is a !r!$ic.

In 6"r’a*n i$ is in-orm!% a'o"$ Mari"m $a$ >X.An% pain o- cil%'ir$ %ro&! !r $o

$! $r"n2 o- %a$! palmX.F5Q*?

So Barna'as con$ra%ic$s 6"r’a*n.

] T! Gosp!l accor%in# $o Barna'as ascri'!s $ I!so"s 1ris$os PBU7 $a$ 7! sai%

a'o"$ Prop!$ M"*amma% PBU7 $a$ 7! [i.! I!so"s 1ris$os] is no$ ,or$+ !no"#

$o "n$i! 7is so! lac!s.

S"c a %i!r!nc! o- s$a$"s '!$,!!n an+ $,o 7ol+ Prop!$s is c!r$ainl+ ali!n $oIslamic $!olo#ical s+s$!m in #!n!ral an% S"nni $!olo#ical s+s$!m an% s"'s+s$!ms

[AsairaMa$"ri%ia Sla9a].Tis %o!s con$ra%ic$ 7*a%i*s’ o- S*a*i** B"2a*ri

Tra%i$ion N"m'!r Q . >No On! so"l% sa+ $a$ I [M"*amma% 3PBU74 am '!$$!r

$an "n"s Bin Ma$a* .

Q] 6"ra*n In-orm!$ $a$ I!so"s is Masi** 8M!ssia '"$ Tis Gosp!l %!ni!s $is

in-orma$ion.

5


32/36

So Gosp!l s$a$!% a'o&! %i!r -rom $ra%i$ional Isla*mic &i!,s. T!s! ar! )"s$ som!

!;ampl!s. On! ma+ 9n! som! mor!. So $is ,or2 canno$ '! $r"!.

/or! sa2! o- an ar#"m!n$ i- i$ is ass"m!% $a$ i$ ,as no$ a -or#!r+ $!n $! onl+

ans,!r is $a$ i$ ,as !i$!r an Apocr+pal Gosp!l ,ic som! o, ,as s!c"r!% '+an in$!lli#!n$ p!rson ,o corr"p$!% i$ '+ can#in# a%%in# s"'$rac$in# r!ac$in#

an% !%i$in# i$s con$!n$s "sin# %i!r!n$ so"rc!s an% is ima#ina$ion. 7o, !&!r i$ is

mor! in$!r!s$in# an% compl!$! $!n an+ on! o- apocr+pal #osp!l an% mor!

compl!$! $!n $! N!, T!s$am!n$al Gosp!ls. I- i$ ,as as ol% as Gosp!l o- Tomas or

Gosp!l o- 7!&r!,s i$ ,o"l% a&! ma%! m"c con-"sions no$ onl+ in Cris$ian%om

'"$ also in Islam%om sinc! i$ $!ac!s man+ $in#s con$rar+ $o Cris$iani$+ an%

Islam.

No$!s*0

5] T! No"n o- >I*sa* >Alaiissala*m in En#lis is "s!% is I!so"s i$ is m"c clos! $oo$!r -orms o- 7is No"ns li2! a"a >I*sa* I!s"s !$c.

E&!n La$in I!s"s is m"c clos! $o $! No"n !s"s ,ic no$ onl+ r!plac!s I '+ [ a

Conson!n$al %ip$on# ] i$ also can#!s $! 7issin# >SF so"n% o- La$in L!$$!r >SF '+

!%8!! >F so"n% $,ic! in $! sin#l! ,or%.

Las$ no$ $! l!as$ $! sor$ >UF so"n% as U in $! ,or% (P"$’ is can#!% $o sor$

>UF so"n% as >UF in $! ,or% (B"$’.So $! so"n% an% prono"ncia$ion is compl!$!l+

can#!%. I- can#! o- pron"ncia$ion a% impli!% $! can#! in sp!llin# i$ ,o"l%

a&! '!!n %!%"c$!% !asil+. Also $! En#lis so"n% !s"s is %i!r!n$ -rom La$in

so"n% I!s"s.

So i$ is '!s$ $o "s! Gr!!2 ,or% in En#lis l!$$!rs IESOUS

I$ is op!% $a$ i$ ,ill '! ,!lcom!% '+ En#lis Sp!a2in# p!opl! irr!sp!c$i&! o- $!ir

r!li#ion c"l$ an% s!c$. I$ m"s$ '! no$!% $a$ I am no$ a#ains$ "sin# $! no"n !s"s

'"$ I %o pr!-!r

I!so"s[Gr!!2] an% I!s"s[La$in]. 7o, !&!r $!r! ma+ no$ '! an+ pro'l!m in G!rman

sinc! $!+ prono"nc! !s" as I!s" or !s" %roppin# $! 9nal si#ma >ςF So"n%.In

G!rman i$ is no$ a consonan$al %ip$on#.

[ "t is now become a fashion to replace the issing ! sound b7 8 sound and!h sound b7 8h sound. This is incorrect and one must be careful in

di9erentiating ! sound from 8 sound- and !h sound from 8h sound6.

?] T! Kor% 1is$os [Cris$os] is "s!% ins$!a% o- $! ,or% Cris$ sinc! i$ app!ars $o

m! $a$ i$ is a na$"ral coic! a-$!r $! ,or% I!so"s. B"$ on! ma+ ,ri$! $! ,or%s

?


33/36

Cris$ or Cris$os a-$!r $! ,or% I!so"s $!r! i$ is op!% $a$ $!r! ma+ no$ '! an+

o')!c$ion on $! ,or%s Cris$osCris$ or 1ris$os ,!n $!+ ar! "s!% a-$!r $! no"n

I!so"s.

] Onc! r!a%in# $! $!;$ o- $! Gosp!l "n%!r %isc"ssion I p!rsonall+ -!l$ $a$ $! a"$or o- $! Gosp!l a%&oca$!s $! &i!, $a$ GD 7a$ no po,!r $oma2!8sp!a2 a -als! s$a$!m!n$. Tis s!,s $a$ $! a"$or o- $! Gosp!l !l% M"F$aili &i!,. B"$ "n-or$"na$!l+ I los$ $! lin!s '+ closin# $! 'oo2 ,i$ o"$loo2in# a$ $! pa#! n"m'!r. B"$ a-$!r som! ,!a2s I $ri!% an% r!$ri!% $o 9n% $os! lin!s '"$ ,as "na'l! $o 9n% i$. I s!arc!% an% r!s!arc!% '"$

"n-or$"na$!l+ I am "na'l! $o 9n% $os! lin!s. I- I am !&!r s"cc!ss-"l $o 9n% $!m $!+ sall '! a%%!% in $is ,or2. I ma+ '! no$!% $a$ $!

sam! '!li!- is also !l% '+ (A2'ari$!s as ,!ll. T!+ '!li!&! $a$ "s$ic! is N!c!ssar+ [=a*)i'] "pon ALL7 . As ALL7 is ims!l-

=a*)i'[N!c!ssar+] $is impli!s $a$ $!r! is an o$!r $in# $a$ is N!c!ssar+ "pon N!c!ssar+. Tis impli!s pl"rali$+ o- N!c!ssari!s. B"$

Li2! M"F$aila $!+ %o no$ '!li!&! in pl"rali$+ o- N!c!ssari!s.

So i- $! "s$ic! is an !;is$!n$ $!n i$ is som! $in# %is$inc$ -rom D!i$+ an% "pon D!i$+. On! n!c!ssar+ E;is$!n$ "pon an% o$!r

N!c!ssar+ E;is$!n$. Pl"rali$+ o- N!c!ssar+ E;is$!n$s an% N!c!ssar+ E;is$!nc!s ar! n!c!ssaril+ impli!%. I- "s$ic! is a non E;is$!n$

$!n $o claim $a$ i$ is n!c!ssar+ Upon Go% m!ans $a$ a a non !;is$!nc! is n!c!ssar+ "pon Go%. B"$ i$ is impossi'l! -or a Non

E;is$!nc! is n!c!ssar+ "pon D!i$+ sinc! a A Non !;is$!nc! is impossi'l! an% a's"r% $o '! n!c!ssar+. Sinc! on! $a$ !;is$!$ an% is

n!c!ssar+ $!n i$ is n!c!ssaril+ impli!% $a$ is a N!c!ssar+ E;is$!n$. I- $!+ ma2! an apolo#+ '+ sa+in# $a$ $!+ m!an "s$ic! is

I%!n$ical $o $! Di&in! Ess!nc! $!n $!+ %o con$ra%ic$ $! claim $a$ "s$ic! is n!c!ssar+ Upon D!i$+ sinc! an+ $in# $a$ is

I%!n$ical $o som! $in# is no$in# '"$ $! s!l- o- $a$ $in# an% S!l- o- an+ $in# canno$ '! "pon $! $in# sinc! i$ m!ans no$in# '"$

$a$ D!i$+ is "pon 7ims!l-. An% no $in# can '! "pon i$s!l- or ims!l- or 'o$.

Also i- $!+ a&! '!li!&!% i$ so $!n $!+ ,o"l% a&! also sai% $a$ Omnipo$!nc! is "pon) D!i$+ M!rc+ is "pon %!i$+ !$c.

T! sam! ans,!r is -or $! &i!, $a$ $! $r"$ o- sp!!c is also "pon D!i$+. Also as $! Di&in! Sp!!c is no$ E$!rnal as accor%in# $o

$!m i$s $r"$ canno$ '! !$!rnal accor%in# $o $is &i!, sinc! all A$$ri'"$!s o- a Non E$!rnal ar! Non E$!rnal. Also i- "s$ic! is a

Con$in#!n$ or Possi'l! !;is$!n$ $!n i$ is 7*a%is’ [Non E$!rnal] an% no Non E$!rnal E;is$!n$ is Upon $! E$!rnal E;is$!n$. Tis is

Impossi'l! Incon$in#!n$ an% A's"r%.

R!la$i&! A$$ri'"$!s o- D!i$+ n!i$!r s"s$ain "pon $! D!i$+ nor s"'sis$ in8,i$ $! Ess!nc! o- D!i$+.

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34/36

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35/36

Lon# =o,!ls* [Appro;ima$! can%i%a$!s]

a* as in Par2 Mar2Car as a in /a$!r a in AllCallPal

I* as in polic! as !! as in ,!!2. as !a as in ,!a2.

U* as " in r"%!< as oo as in poolcool<

Sor$ =o,!ls


36/36

a as a in S"#ar 3S"#ar4 as " in '"$ 3'a$4c"$"$m"%as a in G!rmanG!rman+ oo

as Hoo% 'loo% !# *

3S"#ar4 3'a$4 3ca$4 G!rman+

i as i in pin $in 2i% i$ as o in ,om!n

" as in p"$ oo as in 'oo2oo2

Dip$on#s.

R!#"lar %ip$ons*0 Ai 3

refutation of gospel of barnabas by a muslim and ahlussunnah

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