“REGIONAL PLANNING, FACTORS AND LAYOUT OF

AIRPORT”

Civil Engineering DepartmentShree Swami Aatmanand Saraswati Institute Of Technology,

Surat .

Presentation Entitled

Presented ByJariwala Khushboo A.

CONTENTBackground study

Definition of regional planning- Objectives

- Advantages

- Information required for regional planning

Factors affecting airport site selection

Airport layout

BACKGROUND STUDYAirport planning can be divided into two categories;

airport system planning and individual airport planning. Airport

system planning deals with the interaction between airports, as

well as the planning of airports at a regional or national level.

Such planning is required for national or state wide funding

schedules that support airport development and for ensuring a

systematic approach to the allocation of funding among the

many eligible airports. It also covers the management of

multiple airports in a large metropolitan region.

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As for the second category, comprehensive planning for

the development of a specific airport is usually included in an

airport master plan. Such a master plan is a list of

comprehensive concepts for long-term development of an

existing airport or construction of a new airport and presents

the complete development concepts, utilizing graphical

representation where appropriate, and the data and rationale

upon which the plan is based.

WHAT IS REGIONAL PLANNING...???

An overall planning of airports for all the regions of a

country is called “regional planning”.

The planning of an airport should be done considering

the traffic needs of the nation as a whole rather than an

individual locality.

the regional planning airport system plan is a

representation of the aviation facilities required to meet the

immediate and future transportation needs of the country and

their timely and orderly development.

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Regional planning recommands the general location and

characteristics of new airports and nature of expansion for

existing airports.

It relates the airport system planning to the policy and

coordinate transportation planning for the area, land use

planning and urban development, to establish a viable

integrated network of airports ar the national level.

OBJECTIVES OF REGIONAL PLANNING

1. To develop a balanced regional multi-

modal transportation system plan, with

coordinated airport facilities.

2. To provide a framework for individual

airport development programme

consistent with short, intermediate and

long term airport system requirements.

3. To implement zoning laws in the areas

where new airports are needed in

future.

4. To develop fiscal plans and establish appropriate priorities for airport

financing in short and long term government budgeting.

5. To optimize the use of land and airspace and preserve the existing

airport facilities which are consistent with overall objectives of the

long term planning.

6. To protect and enhance the environment through the location and

expansion of aviation facilities.

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ADVANTAGES OF REGIONAL PLANNING It enables to implement the zoning laws in the areas where the new

airports are coming up in future.

There is proper coordination of airports.

The efficiency of airports in handling the air traffic is greatly

increased.

It avoids close spacing of airports.

It helps in preservation of environment.

Intrusion of acceptable noise levels and air pollution into the

community area are avoided.

It is possible to optimise land use and air space through regional

planning.

INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR THE REGIONAL PLANNING

The planning period

Population

Geography and topography of the area

Existing airports in the vicinity

Air traffic characteristics

Development of new airports

Ownership and operation of airports

FACTORS AFFECTING AIRPORT SITE SELECTION

1. Regional plan

2. Airport use

3. Presence of other airports

4. Topography of the area’

5. Ground accesibility

6. Obstructions

7. Visibility

8. Wind

9. Noise nuisance

10. Geological factors

11. Environmental factors

12. Future development

13. Availability of construction

material

14. Availability of utilities

15. Social considerations

16. Economic considerations

17. Avoiding hazards

AIRPORT LAYOUT

The airport layout plan is a graphical representation to

scale of existing and proposed airport facilities, their

locations on the airport and the pertinent clearance and

dimensional information.

It gives the configuration of runways, taxiways and

aprons and should set aside area for terminal facilities.

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An airport is a location where aircraft such as fixed-wing

aircraft, helicopters, and blimps take off and land. Aircraft may be

stored or maintained at an airport. An airport consists of at least

one surface such as runway for a plane to take off and land,

a helipad, or water for takeoffs and landings, and often includes

buildings such as control towers, hangars and terminal buildings.

AIRPORT LAYOUT PLAN SHOWS THE FOLLOWING DETAILS

1. Runways, taxiways, aprons, shoulders, buildings navigational aids, parking areas, roads, pipelines, fences, drainage facilities, wind indicator, beacons.

2. Prominent natural and man made features such as trees, streams ponds, rocks, outcrops, ditches, rail roads, power lines, etc.

3. Airport boundries, township corners and bench marks.4. Approach zone, clear zone, indicating height and location of

controlling objects.5. Existing ground contours.6. Areas reserved for existing and future aviation development and

services such as heliport, cargo facilities, maintenance areas.7. Airport reference point with latitude and longitude given.8. Fueling facilities.9. North direction and true azimuth of runways measured from true

north.

TYPICAL AIRPORT LAYOUTS

The layout of an airport mainly depends on the basic

configurations of the runways.

The other airport elements are then correlated in

such a fashion that an integrated layout is developed

living smooth flow of traffic, keeping the taxi distances

to a minimum, providing shortest route for the

passengers, etc.

1. Runway 2. Terminal Building 3. Apron4. Taxiway5. Aircraft Stand6. Hanger7. Control Tower8. Parking

COMPONENT PARTS OF AN AIRPORT LAYOUT

1. RunwaysA runway is the area where an aircraft lands or takes off. It can be grass, or packed dirt, or a hard surface such as asphalt or concrete. Runways have special markings on them to help a pilot in the air to tell that it is a runway (and not a road) and to help them when they are landing or taking off. Runway markings are white.Most runways have numbers on the end. The number is the runway's compass direction. (For example, runway numbered 36 would be pointing north or 360 degrees). Some airports have more than one runway going in the same direction, so they add letters to the end of the number R for right, C for center, and L for left. The other end of the runway is pointing in the opposite direction, so it gets a different number. The runway called 36 would be called 18 (for 180 degrees) if you were looking at it from the other end.

2. Terminal BuildingsAlso known as airport terminal, these buildings are the spaces where passengers board or alight from flights. These buildings house all the necessary facilities for passengers to check-in their luggage, clear the customs and have lounges to wait before disembarking. The terminals can house cafes, lounges and bars to serve as waiting areas for passengers. Ticket counters, luggage check-in or transfer, security checks and customs are the basics of all airport terminals. Large airports can have more than one terminal that are connected to one another through link ways such as walkways, sky-bridges or trams. Smaller airports usually have only one terminal that houses all the required facilities.

3. ApronsAircraft aprons are the areas where the aircraft park. Aprons are also sometimes called ramps. They vary in size, from areas that may hold five or ten small planes, to the very large areas that the major airports have. Unlike the runways or taxiways, vehicles can use aprons. Your work may require you to drive on an apron. If so, be very careful in these areas. Watch out for aircraft that are moving and yield the right of way to them. Don't assume the pilot will see you and stop - he or she may be busy with other things like radio communications or checking the aircraft instruments. Every year there are many accidents involving vehicles and aircraft that result in property damage, personal injury, and in some cases, death. Don't let this happen to you! Your airport Executive Director has established rules for driving a vehicle on the airport - get a copy and read and obey them. The rules are there for your safety as well as the safety of the aircraft pilot and passengers.

4. Taxiway A taxiway is a path on an airport connecting runways with ramps, hangars, terminals and other facilities. They mostly have hard surface such as asphalt or concrete, although smaller airports sometimes use gravel or grass. 5. Aircraft Stand A portion of an apron designated as a taxiway and intended to provide access to aircraft stands only.

5. Aircraft Stand A portion of an apron designated as a taxiway and intended to provide access to aircraft stands only.

7. Control Tower A tower at an airfield from which air traffic is controlled by radio and observed physically and by radar. 8. ParkingParking is a specific area of airport at which vehicles park

TYPES OF AIRPORT LAYOUT...

1. Single runway

2. Two parallel runway

3. Three intersecting runways

4. Tangential runways

SINGLE RUNWAY AIRPORT

Two parallel runways

Three intersecting runways

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