Religion in AmericaReligion in America

CA Standard 11.3CA Standard 11.3

McElhaneyMcElhaney

2008-092008-09

Prior Knowledge QuestionsPrior Knowledge Questions

► Prior Knowledge:Prior Knowledge:► What is the status of religion in the US today?What is the status of religion in the US today?► (Facts that you know about religion in (Facts that you know about religion in

America today.)America today.)► ► What is the nature of Religion and What is the nature of Religion and

Government, politics, and their interaction?Government, politics, and their interaction?► We are going to learn about the foundation of We are going to learn about the foundation of

Religion in America:Religion in America:

11.3 Students analyze the 11.3 Students analyze the role religion played role religion played in the founding of Americain the founding of America, its lasting moral, , its lasting moral, social, and political impacts and issues social, and political impacts and issues regarding religious liberty.regarding religious liberty.

Essential Question:Essential Question:How has Religion impacted the development of the How has Religion impacted the development of the

United States?United States?

1.1. What are the basic facts related to religion in the What are the basic facts related to religion in the colonial period?colonial period?

2.2. How are religious How are religious valuesvalues reflected in the American reflected in the American culture and government?culture and government?

Culture:Culture:Government:Government:

3.3. How did the Religious revivals of the First and How did the Religious revivals of the First and Second Great Awakening impact American culture?Second Great Awakening impact American culture?

4.4. Religion in America has not always been positive. Religion in America has not always been positive. How have Americans responded to “Other How have Americans responded to “Other Religions?”Religions?”

Key Terms/Vocabulary to Key Terms/Vocabulary to knowknow

1.1. Diversity of Religions = religious Diversity of Religions = religious pluralismpluralism

2.2. English Religion- ProtestantsEnglish Religion- Protestants3.3. Puritans (pg 24)Puritans (pg 24)4.4. ““Sinners in the hands of an angry God”Sinners in the hands of an angry God”5.5. Church of EnglandChurch of England6.6. PresbyteriansPresbyterians7.7. Maryland = Refuge for Roman Catholics Maryland = Refuge for Roman Catholics 8.8. Pennsylvania-QuakersPennsylvania-Quakers9.9. Religious Values in Government Religious Values in Government 10.10. Anti-monarchyAnti-monarchy11.11. Self-ruleSelf-rule12.12. EqualityEquality13.13. Religious liberty Religious liberty 14.14. Civil and human rights Civil and human rights 15.15. Abolition of SlaveryAbolition of Slavery16.16. (anti-slavery) (anti-slavery)

17.17.Religious Values in Culture:Religious Values in Culture:18.18.Family-centered communitiesFamily-centered communities19.19. Individual responsibility Individual responsibility 20.20.Work ethicWork ethic21.21.First Great Awakening (pg 35)First Great Awakening (pg 35)22.22.EvangelismEvangelism23.23. Jonathan EdwardsJonathan Edwards24.24.AbolitionAbolition25.25.Second Great Awakening Second Great Awakening 26.26.Sectarian (Religious) Sectarian (Religious)

IntoleranceIntolerance27.27.Mormons (pg. 131)Mormons (pg. 131)28.28.Anti-Catholic sentiment (142)Anti-Catholic sentiment (142)29.29.Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism

Europe has major problems with Europe has major problems with religionreligion

► Protestant Reformation 1517-1648 (Protestant Reformation 1517-1648 (linklink))►Martin LutherMartin Luther, Catholic Monk, complained , Catholic Monk, complained

about problems in the Catholic Church in about problems in the Catholic Church in Europe.Europe.

► 95 Theses95 Theses► ExcommunicatedExcommunicated►Germans support Luther Germans support Luther ► 30 Years War erupts 30 Years War erupts ► (huge problem)(huge problem)► People coming to America People coming to America bring religion with thembring religion with them

Pink= Protestant CountriesPink= Protestant Countries

New England Colonies:New England Colonies:Religious Motives v. MoneyReligious Motives v. Money

► PuritansPuritans or very or very religious protestants religious protestants known as known as Calvinists-Calvinists- rejected Catholicism rejected Catholicism (Roman Catholic (Roman Catholic religion)religion)

►Were known as Were known as Separatists Separatists and orand or Pilgrims.Pilgrims.

► 1620- Established 1620- Established Plymouth Colony in Plymouth Colony in AmericaAmerica

Plymouth:Plymouth:► Social AspectsSocial Aspects► Traveled in families- Traveled in families-

tight communitytight community► Very religious- Very religious-

intolerant of intolerant of differencesdifferences

► Small population, Small population, grows to 300 after grows to 300 after 10 years10 years

► Literacy importantLiteracy important

► Small landholdingsSmall landholdings► Strong work ethicStrong work ethic►Work = religious Work = religious

pietypiety

PoliticalPolitical►Male dominatedMale dominated► Election of Election of

governorgovernor► Believed in Believed in

equalityequality for males for males with property and if with property and if they were religiousthey were religious

Massachusetts Bay ColonyMassachusetts Bay Colony

► Another Another PuritansPuritans community Very religious / community Very religious /►WinthropWinthrop wanted to create the a holy model wanted to create the a holy model

of purity- “City upon a hill” as an example to of purity- “City upon a hill” as an example to allall

► All All adult free menadult free men, part of a , part of a Puritan Puritan congregationcongregation (church members) (church members) could vote could vote

► Town hall meetingsTown hall meetings used to discuss and vote used to discuss and vote on local matterson local matters

Puritan ValuesPuritan Values

►Puritans believed hard work was the Puritans believed hard work was the way to way to salvationsalvation. .

►Puritans created the first universities Puritans created the first universities in colonies-in colonies-

►To educate the clergy.To educate the clergy.►1636 Harvard1636 Harvard

Rhode Island 1600sRhode Island 1600s

►Dissented with PuritansDissented with Puritans►Massachusetts BayMassachusetts Bay►Roger Williams Roger Williams ►Founds Rhode IslandFounds Rhode Island►A place for A place for ►Religious Religious tolerancetolerance► Jews and CatholicsJews and Catholics

Maryland 1632Maryland 1632► Calvert was a catholic- Calvert was a catholic-

allowed Catholics to allowed Catholics to move, “move, “Catholic Catholic RefugeRefuge” but still a ” but still a minority, mostly minority, mostly protestants.protestants.

► 1649, 1649, Act of TolerationAct of Toleration or or “Act Concerning “Act Concerning Religion”Religion” the Calverts the Calverts persuaded the persuaded the Assembly to adopt a law Assembly to adopt a law of religious toleration- of religious toleration- but only for Christians but only for Christians

Maryland:Maryland:►English King English King

Gave Lord Gave Lord Baltimore landBaltimore land

►Refuge for Refuge for CatholicsCatholics

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

Pennsylvania (1681)Pennsylvania (1681)

► Proprietary Colony-Proprietary Colony- William PennWilliam Penn Refuge Refuge for Quakers: “Society of for Quakers: “Society of Friends”Friends”

► BeliefsBeliefs: equality : equality (including gender), no (including gender), no kneeling, no oaths, kneeling, no oaths, pacifists, anti-violence, pacifists, anti-violence, plain clothes plain clothes

► Large colonyLarge colony

► Freedom of Freedom of worshipworship► Diverse population-Diverse population-

German, Swedes, FinsGerman, Swedes, Fins► Elected Elected assembly-assembly- to to

help governhelp govern► FriendlyFriendly relations with relations with

IndiansIndians

How has Religion impacted the development of the United How has Religion impacted the development of the United States?States?

1. What are the basic facts related to 1. What are the basic facts related to religion in the religion in the colonial period?colonial period?

►Diversity of Religions = religious pluralismDiversity of Religions = religious pluralism►English Religion- ProtestantsEnglish Religion- Protestants►PuritansPuritans►QuakersQuakers►Roman CatholicsRoman Catholics►Religious freedom generallyReligious freedom generally►Problem still Problem still SectarianSectarian Hostility = against Hostility = against

Catholics and JewsCatholics and Jews

The First Great Awakening The First Great Awakening 1730s-1740s 1730s-1740s

► Great Awakening= “Awakening” to religion

► Refers to reviving religious beliefs

Stated man is not Stated man is not helpless in achieving helpless in achieving regeneration; his will regeneration; his will can be an effective can be an effective force in his being force in his being savedsaved

► Characteristics:Characteristics:► EvangelismEvangelism = strong, = strong,

energetic preachersenergetic preachers

► Sermons emphasized Sermons emphasized starting starting new new relationship with GOD.relationship with GOD.

► Jonathan Edwards Jonathan Edwards famous evangelist of famous evangelist of the first Great the first Great Awakening.Awakening.

““Sinners in the Hands of an Angry Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”God”

by Jonathan Edwardsby Jonathan Edwards

► The awakening sermons said:► The weight of sin will cause

god’s wrath ► God will execute justice upon

the sinner“The wrath of God is like great

waters that are dammed for the present; they increase more and more, and rise higher and higher, till an outlet is given, and the longer the stream is stopped, the more rapid and mighty is its course, when once it is let loose. Tis true, that judgment against your evil works has not been executed hitherto; the floods of God’s vengeance have been withheld; but your guilt in the meantime is constantly increasing,

‘and you are every day treasuring up more wrath; the waters are continually rising and waxing more and more mighty; and there is nothing but the mere pleasure of God that holds the waters back that are unwilling to be stopped, and press hard to go forward; if God should only withdraw his hand from the floodgate, it would immediately fly open, and the fiery floods of the fierceness and wrath of God would rush forth with inconceivable fury, and would come upon you with omnipotent power; and if your strength were ten thousand times greater than it is, yea ten thousand times greater than

How has Religion impacted the development of the United How has Religion impacted the development of the United States?States?3. How are religious 3. How are religious valuesvalues reflected in the American reflected in the American culture and government?culture and government?

Culture:Culture:Government:Government:

Culture:Culture:

► Civil and human Civil and human rights (anti-slavery)rights (anti-slavery)

► Family-centered Family-centered communitiescommunities

► Individual Individual responsibility responsibility

► Puritan Work EthicPuritan Work Ethic

Government:Government:► Anti-monarchyAnti-monarchy► Self-ruleSelf-rule► EqualityEquality► Religious libertyReligious liberty► First Amendment to the First Amendment to the

US Constitution:US Constitution: “Congress shall make “Congress shall make no law respecting an no law respecting an establishment of establishment of religion, or prohibiting religion, or prohibiting the free exercise the free exercise thereof;…”thereof;…”

3. 3. HowHow did the Religious revivals of the First and did the Religious revivals of the First and Second Great Awakening Second Great Awakening impact American cultureimpact American culture??RevivalsRevivals = “giving new life” to bring back to life = “giving new life” to bring back to life specifically Popular Religionspecifically Popular Religion► First Great AwakeningFirst Great Awakening

1730s-1740s 1730s-1740s► More people More people

participated in Religionparticipated in Religion► Caused people to Caused people to

question traditional question traditional authority ofauthority of churches churches

► Stressed the Stressed the importance of the importance of the individualindividual

► Happened just before Happened just before the revolution the revolution

► Second Great AwakeningSecond Great Awakening► Widespread Christian Widespread Christian

MovementMovement► Awaken sentiments that Awaken sentiments that

last from 1790-1830slast from 1790-1830s► Revival meetings= new Revival meetings= new

lifelife► Emotional SermonsEmotional Sermons► Increased the amount of Increased the amount of

people participating in people participating in churcheschurches

► AbolitionAbolition Movement Rises Movement Rises ►Spread Christian ideas of equality, written law, and Spread Christian ideas of equality, written law, and morality.morality.

Religion in American has not always been Religion in American has not always been positive. How have Americans responded positive. How have Americans responded to “Other Religions?”to “Other Religions?”

►Hostility-Hostility-► JewsJews►Mormons Mormons ►CatholicsCatholics

Religious Intolerance for JewsReligious Intolerance for Jews► America has a long history of hostility to other religions-America has a long history of hostility to other religions-► Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism or hatred of Jews was imported with the earliest or hatred of Jews was imported with the earliest

colonists.colonists.► Most British colonies were hostile toward Jews Most British colonies were hostile toward Jews

(Massachusetts, New England area, Virginia, Georgia, South (Massachusetts, New England area, Virginia, Georgia, South and North Carolina…)and North Carolina…)

► Tolerance for Jews #1 Tolerance for Jews #1 Rhode Island-Rhode Island- freedom of worship, freedom of worship,► Pennsylvania- first Synagogue Philadelphia,Pennsylvania- first Synagogue Philadelphia,► New YorkNew York

► This was also a bi-product of European This was also a bi-product of European hatreds.hatreds.

Religious Intolerance for Religious Intolerance for CatholicsCatholics

► Catholics were Catholics were hatedhated much like much like Jews, Indians, and Jews, Indians, and blacksblacks

► Culture Culture from from EnglandEngland, a , a ProtestantProtestant country, country, was against was against Catholics-Catholics-

► Reformation-Reformation- fight fight between Catholics between Catholics and Protestantsand Protestants

► The United States The United States developed this developed this same same hostility hostility against Catholicsagainst Catholics..

► 1840s large 1840s large population of population of Catholics come to Catholics come to AmericaAmerica

► Irish come to Irish come to America 3million America 3million come it 4 yearscome it 4 years

► Irish Potato FamineIrish Potato Famine►German Catholics German Catholics

also comealso come

Anti-Mormon Views Anti-Mormon Views

► Joseph Smith- American protestant- Joseph Smith- American protestant- ►1820-1823 has a vision of God and 1820-1823 has a vision of God and

JesusJesus and Founds a church in 1830. and Founds a church in 1830.►Smith gains followersSmith gains followers

MormonsMormons► New Testament to the New Testament to the Bible (this creates Bible (this creates hostility to the majority hostility to the majority group that believes in group that believes in the Bible)the Bible)

► Values- Values- PolygamyPolygamy, , exclusive in business and exclusive in business and family relations, strict family relations, strict lifestyle – no drinking, lifestyle – no drinking, caffeine, tobacco…caffeine, tobacco…

► Established religion was Established religion was hostile to the Mormonshostile to the Mormons

► Joseph Smith was Joseph Smith was arrested then arrested then lynched lynched (murdered by mob)(murdered by mob)

► Begin in NY and move Begin in NY and move to Ohio, then Missouri, to Ohio, then Missouri, IllinoisIllinois

► Brigham YoungBrigham Young is the is the leader of the Mormons leader of the Mormons after Smithafter Smith

► Then to Then to Utah-Utah- where where they establish a strong they establish a strong permanent community.permanent community.