research mcq

7/23/2019 Research Mcq

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Question 1

A sampling frame is:

a) A summary of the various stages involved in designing a

surveyb) An outline view of all the main clusters of units in a sample

c) A list of all the units in the population from which a sample will

be selectedd) A wooden frame used to display tables of random numbers

Question 2

A simple random sample is one in which:

a) From a random starting point, every nth unit from the

sampling frame is selectedb) A non-probability strategy is used, making the results dicult

to generalize

c) The researcher has a certain uota of respondents to !ll for

various social groupsd) "very unit of the population has an eual chance of being

selected

Question 3

#t is helpful to use a multi-stage cluster sample when:

a) The population is widely dispersed geographically

b) $ou have limited time and money available for travelling

c) $ou want to use a probability sample in order to generalise the

results



d) All of the above

Question 4

The standard error is a statistical measure of:

a) The normal distribution of scores around the sample mean

b) The e%tent to which a sample mean is likely to di&er from the

population meanc) The clustering of scores at each end of a survey scale

d) The degree to which a sample has been accurately strati!ed



Question 5

'hat e&ect does increasing the sample size have upon the sampling

error(

a) #t reduces the sampling error

b) #t increases the sampling error

c) #t has no e&ect on the sampling error

d) )one of the above

Question 6

'hich of the following is not a type of non-probability sampling(

a) *nowball sampling

b) *trati!ed random sampling

c) +uota sampling

d) onvenience sampling

Question 7

*nowball sampling can help the researcher to:

a) Access deviant or hidden populations

b) Theorise inductively in a ualitative study

c) vercome the problem of not having an accessible sampling

framed) All of the above

Question 8



'hich of the following is not a characteristic of uota sampling(

a) The researcher chooses who to approach and so might bias

the sampleb) Those who are available to be surveyed in public places are

unlikely to constitute a representative samplec) The random selection of units makes it possible to calculate

the standard errord) #t is a relatively fast and cheap way of !nding out about public

opinions



Question 9

The !ndings from a study of young single mothers at a university can be

generalised to the population of:

a) All young single mothers at that university

b) All young single mothers in that society

c) All single mothers in all universities

d) All young women in that university

Question 10

The term .data processing error. refers to:

a) Activities or events related to the sampling process, e/g/ non-

responseb) Faulty techniues of coding and managing data

c) 0roblems with the implementation of the research process

d) The unavoidable discrepancy between the sample and the

population

Question 11

'hy do you need to review the e%isting literature(

a) To make sure you have a long list of references

b) 1ecause without it, you could never reach the reuired word-

countc) To !nd out what is already known about your area of interest

d) To help in your general studying



Question 12

To read critically means:

a) Taking an opposing point of view to the ideas and opinions

e%pressedb) *kimming through the material because most of it is 2ust

paddingc) "valuating what you read in terms of your own research

uestionsd) 1eing negative about something before you read it



Question 13

'hich two of the following are legitimate frameworks for setting out a

literature review: 3/ constructing inter-te%tual coherence, 4/

5econstruction of te%tual coherence, 6/ 0roblematizing the situation, 7/

8esolving discovered problems(

a) 3 and 4

b) 4 and 6

c) 3 and 6

d) 4 and 7

Question 14

A systematic literature review is:

a) ne which starts in your own library, then goes to on-line

databases and, !nally, to the internetb) A replicable, scienti!c and transparent process

c) ne which gives eual attention to the principal contributors

to the aread) A responsible, professional process of time-management for

research

Question 15

'hat is meta-analysis(

a) A techniue of correcting for the errors in individual studies

within a survey of a large number of studies, to demonstrate thee&ect of a particular variable



b) A process of secondary-data gathering to assemble all the

possibilities for a variable.s e&ectsc) A substitute for original research, which is 2usti!ed by

constraints of time or moneyd) A specialized step in a computer software program 9e/g/ *0**



Question 16

'hat is meta-ethnography(

a) A techniue for reviewing literature based e%clusively on

ethnographic studiesb) A techniue for synthesizing interpretations drawn from a

number of separate ualitative studies of the same phenomenac) A process used to make generalizations from a range of

ualitative studiesd) A process of surveying only that literature contained within a

single library

Question 17

'hat is a narrative literature review(

a) An historically-based review, starting with the earliest

contributions to the !eldb) A review based e%clusively on stories about companies, in

book and case-study formc) A paraphrase style of reviewing which does not reuire

referencingd) An initial impression of the topic which you will understand

more fully as you conduct your research

Question 18

'hen accessing the internet, which of these steps is the most essential(

a) 8ecording the full ;8<

b) )oting the access dates



c) 5ownloading material to be referenced

d) They are all eually important

Question 19

According to the =arvard referencing convention, which is the correct

reference(

a) 1ryman, A/ 94>34, 7e Social Research Methods, %ford? %ford

;niversity 0ressb) 1ryman 94>34, fourth edition, %ford ;niversity 0ress

c) 1ryman, Alan, Social Research Methods 94>34: ;0

d) 1ryman, A/ *ocial 8esearch @ethods 94>34

Question 20

'hich of the following statements about plagiarism is most accurate(

a) #t is so easy to copy and paste from the internet that

everyone does it nowadays/ #f a proper reference is given, where isthe harm in that(

b) =ow can we say for sure where our own ideas come from

e%actly( #f we tried to give a reference for everything we could neverhope to succeed/

c) Any suggestion that we have written what another actually

wrote is morally wrong/ Anyway, the whole point of a literature

review is to show what we have read and what we thought about it/d) 0lagiarism is such an awful crime that those found guilty

should be obliged to wear a scarlet 0 on their clothing/

Question 21



#n analytic induction, what happens if the researcher !nds a deviant case(

a) They ignore it and carry on

b) They must either rede!ne or reformulate the hypothesis

c) They conduct a parametric statistical test

d) They give up and decide to be uantitative researchers

instead

Question 22

'hich of the following is not a tool of grounded theory(

a) Theoretical sampling

b) oding

c) "%ternal validity

d) onstant comparison

Question 23

'hat do *trauss B orbin mean by open coding(

a) 1reaking data down and e%amining it to identify themes and

conceptsb) oding without the intention of building a theory

c) 5rawing open brackets alongside key words and phrases

d) Telling everybody about the way you have coded the data

Question 24

'hat is a substantive theory in *trauss B orbin.s view(



a) ne that operates at the highest level of abstraction

b) ne that is highly controversial and provokes a critical

response

c) ne that relates to an empirical instance or substantive topic

aread) ne that is amenable to statistical analysis

Question 25

'hat are memos(

a) )otes that researcher write to themselves

b) 8eminders of what is meant by key terms or phrases

c) 1uilding blocks for theorizing

d) All of the above

Question 26

'hy should you start coding your data as soon as possible(

a) To sharpen your focus and help with theoretical sampling

b) 1ecause researchers always run out of time at the end of a

pro2ectc) 1ecause it is the easiest task to do

d) To make sure that your initial theoretical ideas are imposed on

the data

Question 27



'hy are o&ey B Atkinson critical of the way coding fragments ualitative

data(

a) 1ecause this is incompatible with the principles of feminist

researchb) 1ecause it results in a loss of conte%t and narrative Cow

c) 1ecause they think it should fragment uantitative data

insteadd) 1ecause they invented the life history interview and want to

promote it



Question 28

'hat do advocates of narrative analysis prefer to study(

a) The e%tent to which analytic induction can be value-free

b) The iterative process of grounded

c) The ethical implications of conducting a secondary analysis of

ualitative datad) The ways in which people use stories to make sense of events

in their lives

Question 29

'hich of the following is not one of the four models of narrative analysis

identi!ed by 8iessman(

a) Thematic analysis

b) 0er formative analysis

c) ontent analysis

d) #nteractional analysis

Question 30

'hat is one of the main ethical problems associated with conducting a

secondary analysis of ualitative data(

a) The participants may not have given informed consent to the

reuse of their datab) #t involves deceiving respondents about the nature of the

researchc) The secondary analyst must adopt a covert role and is at risk

of going native



d) 8espondents are likely to e%perience physical harm as a result

of the process

Question 31

'hat is the di&erence between intervalDratio and ordinal variables(

a) The distance between categories is eual across the range of

intervalDratio datab) rdinal data can be rank ordered, but intervalDratio data

cannotc) #ntervalDratio variables contain only two categories

d) rdinal variables have a !%ed zero point, whereas

intervalDratio variables do not



Question 32

'hat is the di&erence between a bar chart and a histogram(

a) A histogram does not show the entire range of scores in a

distributionb) 1ar charts are circular, whereas histograms are suare

c) There are no gaps between the bars on a histogram

d) 1ar charts represent numbers, whereas histograms represent

percentages

Question 33

'hat is an outlier(

a) A type of variable that cannot be uanti!ed

b) A compulsive liar who is proud to be gay

c) A score that is left out of the analysis because of missing data

d) An e%treme value at either end of a distribution

Question 34

'hat is the function of a contingency table, in the conte%t of bivariate

analysis(

a) #t shows the results you would e%pect to !nd by chance

b) #t summarizes the freuencies of two variables so that they

can be comparedc) #t lists the di&erent levels of p value for tests of signi!cance



d) #t compares the results you might get from various statistical

tests

Question 35

#f there were a perfect positive correlation between two intervalDratio

variables, the 0earson.s r test would give a correlation coecient of:

a) - >/64E

b) 3

c) >/64E

d) G 3



Question 36

'hat is the name of the test that is used to assess the relationship

between two ordinal variables(

a) *pearman.s rho

b) 0hi

c) ramer.s V

d) hi *uare

Question 37

'hen might it be appropriate to conduct a multivariate analysis test(

a) #f the relationship between two variables might be spurious

b) #f there could be an intervening variable

c) #f a third variable might be moderating the relationship

d) All of the above

Question 38

'hat is meant by a spurious relationship between two variables(

a) ne that is so ridiculously illogical it cannot possibly be true

b) An apparent relationship that is so curious it demands further

attentionc) A relationship that appears to be true because each variable is

related to a third oned) ne that produces a perfect negative correlation on a scatter

diagram



Question 39

A test of statistical signi!cance indicates how con!dent the researcher is

about:

a) The inter-coder reliability of their structured interview

scheduleb) 0assing their driving test

c) ;nderstanding the di&erence between bivariate and

multivariate analysisd) Heneralizing their !ndings from the sample to the population



Question 40

*etting the p level at >/>3 increases the chances of making a:

a) Type # error

b) Type ## error

c) Type ### error

d) All of the above

Question 41

The term secondary analysis refers to the techniue of:

a) onducting a study of seconds, minutes and other measures

of timeb) Analyzing your own data in two di&erent ways

c) Analyzing e%isting data that have been collected by another

person or organizationd) 'orking part time on a pro2ect alongside other responsibilities

Question 42

'hy might secondary analysis be a particularly useful method for

students(

a) #t is relatively easy to do

b) #t saves time and money

c) #t does not reuire any knowledge of statistics

d) #t only reuires a half-hearted e&ort

Question 43



'hich of the following is not an advantage of secondary analysis(

a) #t immerses the researcher in the !eld they are studying

b) #t tends to be based on high uality data

c) #t provides an opportunity for longitudinal analysis

d) #t allows you to study patterns and social trends over time



Question 44

The large samples used in national social surveys enable new researchers

to:

a) Avoid using probability sampling

b) #dentify any bias in the uestion wording

c) "valuate the inter-coder reliability of the data

d) onduct subgroup analysis

Question 45

'hich of the following is not a disadvantage of using secondary analysis(

a) The researcher.s lack of familiarity with the data

b) #t is a relatively e%pensive and time consuming process

c) =ierarchical datasets can be very confusing

d) The researcher has no control over the uality of the data

Question 46

'hich of the following provides ocial statistics that could be analyzed as

secondary data(

a) <ocal Hovernment *urvey 9<H*

b) "%penditure and Food *urvey 9"F*

c) 5welling and Furnishings *urvey 95F*

d) 8owing and ars *urvey 98*

Question 47



'hat is one of the advantages that ocial statistics have over structured

interview data(

a) The researcher can conduct natural e%periments in the !eld

b) They are completely ob2ective and reliable

c) They have greater measurement validity

d) They allow the researcher to identify social trends over time

Question 48

*tudying the ocial crime rate may provide unreliable data because:

a) ategories of criminal behavior change over time

b) There is a dark !gure of unreported and unrecorded crime

c) 0olice use their discretion to investigate some crimes and not

othersd) All of the above

Question 49

'hat is the ecological fallacy(

a) The assumption that secondary data analysis can be carried

out at homeb) The mistake of observing people in their natural setting

c) The error of making inferences about individual behavior from

aggregate datad) The myth that it is easy to research environmentalist action

groups



Question 50

'hy has the secondary analysis of ocial statistics been seen as an

unobtrusive method(

a) #t increases the risk of reactive e&ects from participants

b) The researcher is removed from the social settings that they

are investigatingc) The data were originally collected for the same purposes as

those of the current researcherd) They do not intrude too much into the researcher.s spare time

Question 51

=ypothesis refers toa) The outcome of an e%perimentb)1/A conclusion drawn from an e%perimentc) /A form of bias in which the sub2ect tries to outguess the

e%perimenterd)5/A tentative statement about the relationship

Question 52

*tatistics is used by researchers toa) Analyze the empirical data collected in a studyb)@ake their !ndings sound betterc) perationally de!ne their variablesd)"nsure the study comes out the way it was intended

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