rfid_usn_20071101_fjennings_ckh.ppt

Active RFID Standards – Why, Issues and Solutions

Fraser JenningsVP Standards & RegulatorySavi Technology, Inc., A Lockheed Martin Company

RFID/USN Korea 2007

Why Standards???

Copyright © 2006 Savi Technology, Inc. Slide 3

Passive RFID Can Be Like Shining A Light At A Mirror On A Dark Night

Eventually The Mirror Is Too Far Away To Reflect The Light Back

Active / Passive Comparison

Active RFID Is More Like Two Lamps Shining A Light At Each Other

Eventually The Lights May Be Too Far Away To See But It Will Be Much Farther Than A Mirror


Active RFID Tower of Babel, circa 2006

Many ProprietaryActive RFID Systems

Flat Overall Industry Growth

Impact:• Limited or no device interoperability• High device and support costs• Slow customer adoption


How Standards Impacted Similar Information Technologies

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Year Relative To Adoption of Global Standard

Market Penetration %

Adoption of Group 3

Fax Standard(1984)

DoD LOGMARSCode 39

Requirement (1981)

Barcode

Business FaxLarge number of

proprietarySystems =

AnemicIndustry growth


Standards & The Technology Hype Cycle

Hype

Level

Time

Unrealistic Expectation Peak

Market StabilityRFID

Today!

Initial S

tand

ards P

ub

lished

Inte

rest

in

Sta

nd

ard

s S

tart

s

Gaps Identified

Standards

Improved


Standardization Benefits

• Increases confidence in new technologies• World-wide acceptance and technology advancement • Broadens markets, encourages global competition, and

reduces price for end users • Facilitates growth in applications by encouraging

interoperability and by reducing customization • Provides development platform for complementary

products (software, translators, hardware accessories)

Standards: Making the most of any new technology


Multiple Standards Ratified,Providing a Global

Standard for Interoperability

DoD specifies ISO 18000-7 RFI for RFID III

Allied military RFP’s for ISO 18000-7 infrastructure

Active RFID Today

Multiple international companies including some in Korea developing

ISO 18000-7 products

Remaining ProprietaryActive RFID Systems

No major customer RFPs

No international adoption

Limited opportunities to createnew market footholds

Group 1 Group 2

Numerous ISO 18000 Licensees

Issues !!!


Issue’s

• Multiple Standards Bodies

• Standards development lead time

• Many categories of standards

• Frequency Allocation


International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

IEEE INCITS

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Standards Organizations

International TelecommunicationsUnion (ITU) (United Nations)

TC 122/104 JWGSC Apps RFID

TC 8Ships & Marine Tech

SC 31Automatic Data Capture

ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1(JTC 1)

ITU-T (fka CCITT)Telecommunications

ITU-R (fka CCIR & IFBR)Radio-frequency Issues

ITU-D (fka BDT)Telecommunications Development

ECMAComité Européen Normalisation(CEN)

Comité Européen NormalisationElectrotechnique (CENELEC)

Comité Européen Postal &Telegraph (CEPT)

TC 104Freight Containers

International

Regional

NationalStandards Assoc of

China (SAC)AFNOR

Deutches Institutfur Normung (DIN) JISCANSIBritish Standards

Institution (BSI)

AIMMHI GS 1 CEA

Industry

Other

DoD ATA CEA AIA HIBCC AIAG GS 1 Other

WG 1 - Symbology

WG 2 - Data Content

WG 3 - Conformance

WG 4 - RFID

Universal Postal Union (UPU) (United Nations)

T6 B10

SC 17IC Cards

VDA

ODETTE

WG 5 - RTLS

TC 122Packaging

SC 6Telcom & info exchbtwn systems

EPCglobal

Source: Q.E.D. Systems


Overview of ISO Standards

JTC 1Information Technology

SG 1RFID

Conformance 18046-118046-218046-318047-7

SG 1TransferSyntax

15961-14159621596324753

24791-16

TC 104Freight

Container

E-Seal18185-118185-218185-318185-418185-5

TC 122Packaging

SC 31AIDC

Techniques

SG 3Air Interface

18000-118000-218000-318000-418000-618000-7

WG 1Data

Carrier

WG 2Data

Structure

WG 3Conform-

ance

WG 4RFID for Item MGT

WG 5RTLS

24730-124730-2

24730-5

SC 4Identification

& Comm.

WG 2AEI for

Containers

1736317364173651736617367

WG 7Supply Chain App of RFID



ISO Standard Development Process

Proposal

PublishStandardPublish

Standard

Preparatory

CommitteeDraft Enquiry

Approval

•Accept NP•Voting: 3 months

•Prepare WD•Preparation: 6-12 months

•Produce & Accept CD•Voting: 3-6 months

•Approve FDIS •Voting: 2 months

•Accept FCD•Voting: 4-6 months


EPCglobal Standard Development Process

CollectBiz & Tech.Requests

FormJRG

Tech. DefWith End

Users

Develop Req.

In JRG

BSC & TSCApproveJRG Req.

Time

Deliverable

On going 4 Weeks 5 Weeks 10 Weeks 1 Week

•Accepted Request•Create JRG Charter

•Approve JRG Charter•Appoint JRG Chairs•Complete Op-in

•Q&A & Education Material•Educate Users on Technology

•Req. for IAG•LCWD of Req.•Distribute to other IAGs

•Approve Standard Req.•Assign to existing or new TAG WG

Submission Track Process (22 weeks)

StandardTrack

Form WG

StandardDevelopment

AGReview & Approve

PrototypeTest & Spec

BSC & TSCReview

BoardRatification

IPs Review

IPs Review

•WG Charter

•LCWD Spec. •Candidate Spec.

•WGReview on IP for Candidate Spec.

•Proposed Spec. •Conformance Req.

•WGReview on IP for Candidate Spec.

•Recommended Spec.

•Ratified Standard•Submit to other Standard.

Deliverable

Time

SubmissionTrack

4 Weeks 16 Weeks 6 Weeks 12 Weeks30 days 30 days 4 Weeks 4 Weeks

Standard Track Process (54 weeks)


Different Types of Standards

• Technology– Symbology, RFID, I.C. Card

• Data Content– Semantics (DIs or AIs), Syntax

• Conformance– Print Quality, Test Specifications,

Conformance to Air Interface

• Network– Object-to-object communications

• Application Standards– Freight container, RTI, Ship Label,

Product Package, Product Mark/Tag,eSeal



??????433 MHz 315 MHz

915 MHz

2.45

GH

z5.8 GH

zSource: Q.E.D. Systems

Solutions


International Harmonization Is Key

• ISO Committees have liaisons to share information

• ISO Application standards reference ISO technical standards for Air Interface specifications

• International regulations have allowed for harmonization of 433 MHz for Supply Chain Active RFID and 2.4 GHz for RTLS Active RFID

• Only minor adjustments can be done to the standards development timeline


Active RFID Standards Status• Technology Standards

– ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31• ISO/IEC 18000-7 — Parameters for active air interface at 433.92 MHz- Published• ISO/IEC 24730-2 — Information technology automatic identification and data capture

techniques — Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) – Published• ISO/IEC 24730-5 - Information technology automatic identification and data capture

techniques — Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) — Part 5: Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) at 2.4 GHz – Committee Draft

– IEEE• IEEE 802.15 — Wireless Personal Area Networks – Emerging as a technology useable

for RFID – Published but no action underway on RFID application standards

• Applications Standards– ISO TC 104/TC122 Joint Working Group

• ISO 17363 — Supply chain applications of RFID - Freight containers (Based on ISO 18000-7) - Published

– ISO TC 104• ISO 18185 — Freight containers — Electronic container seals (Based on ISO 18000-7

and 24730-2 – Published

• EPCglobal– Looking at member requirements for Active RFID– Most likely will look to establish standards to meet requirements– Currently identified five tag types


Questions ???????

Contact: Fraser Jennings

[email protected]

rfid_usn_20071101_fjennings_ckh.ppt

Business

active rfid standards

wg review

initial standards

conformance wg

symbology wg

datastructure wg

datacarrier wg

rfid foritem mgt wg