Section 3Section 3The Punic

WarsThe Punic

Wars

264 B. C. – Romans had conquered some Greek city-

states…

264 B. C. – Romans had conquered some Greek city-

states…This

brought them closer

to Phoenician

city of Carthage

This brought

them closer to

Phoenician city of

Carthage

PtolomiesPtolomies

RomeRomeCarthageCarthage

Carthage controlled most of North and West

Africa

Carthage controlled most of North and West

Africa

Carthage also controlled Spain

Carthage also controlled Spain

Carthage also controlled some Greek Islands and

Sicily

Carthage also controlled some Greek Islands and

Sicily

Romans felt threatened and wanted

Sicily’s granaries

Romans felt threatened and wanted

Sicily’s granaries

The First Punic WarThe First

Punic War

First Punic WarFirst Punic War•264 B.C. – 241 B.C.•Carthage had strong navy

•Rome had no navy (at first)

•Rome had a strong army

•264 B.C. – 241 B.C.•Carthage had strong navy

•Rome had no navy (at first)

•Rome had a strong army

Romans had to build a

fleet!

Romans had to build a

fleet!

??

Building a Roman Navy

Building a Roman Navy

•Romans modeled their ships after Carthaginian ships

•Made improvements•Corvus

•Romans modeled their ships after Carthaginian ships

•Made improvements•Corvus

CorvusCorvus•movable bridge on the front of the ship

•Soldiers could board enemy ships

•Changed a sea battle into a land battle

•movable bridge on the front of the ship

•Soldiers could board enemy ships

•Changed a sea battle into a land battle

Results of First Punic War

Results of First Punic War

•Both Rome and Carthage suffered great loses (men, ships, financial)

•Rome was declared winner

•241 B.C. – peace terms were decided

•Both Rome and Carthage suffered great loses (men, ships, financial)

•Rome was declared winner

•241 B.C. – peace terms were decided

Mediterranean was divided by an imaginary line

Mediterranean was divided by an imaginary line

Everything north of the line was signed

over to Rome (including Sicily)

Everything north of the line was signed

over to Rome (including Sicily)

This was also the beginning

of Rome’s Navy!

This was also the beginning

of Rome’s Navy!

Mediterranean World Before Second Punic

War

Mediterranean World Before Second Punic

War

Second Punic War

Second Punic War

Second Punic WarSecond Punic War•218 B.C. –202 B.C.•Carthage under Hannibal’s command began expanding empire to Hispania (Spain)

•Rome wanted Hannibal handed over to them; senate refused

•Rome declared war on Carthage

•218 B.C. –202 B.C.•Carthage under Hannibal’s command began expanding empire to Hispania (Spain)

•Rome wanted Hannibal handed over to them; senate refused

•Rome declared war on Carthage

Hannibal BarcaHannibal Barca•Father was Hamilcar Barca• It is believed that Hannibal’s

father made him swear to never befriend the Romans

•Hannibal was elected in 221 B.C.•Thought to be one of the

greatest military leaders in history

•Father was Hamilcar Barca• It is believed that Hannibal’s

father made him swear to never befriend the Romans

•Hannibal was elected in 221 B.C.•Thought to be one of the

greatest military leaders in history

Hannibal’s InvasionHannibal’s Invasion•Moved through Spain and

over Swiss alps into Italy with 40,000 men, supplies and 37 “war elephants”

•Suffered heavy losses•Arrived with 26,000 men

and 3 elephants•Surprised Roman army by

land in the north

•Moved through Spain and over Swiss alps into Italy with 40,000 men, supplies and 37 “war elephants”

•Suffered heavy losses•Arrived with 26,000 men

and 3 elephants•Surprised Roman army by

land in the north

Hannibal’s Routes

Hannibal’s Routes

Hannibal’s Success / Failure

Hannibal’s Success / Failure

•Won victory after victory•Marched to gates of Rome but could not proceed

•Could not get supplies because Rome controlled sea

•Won victory after victory•Marched to gates of Rome but could not proceed

•Could not get supplies because Rome controlled sea

Destruction by Hannibal

Destruction by Hannibal

•Hannibal and troops roamed Roman countryside for 15 years

•Raided & burned towns

•Destroyed crops

•Hannibal and troops roamed Roman countryside for 15 years

•Raided & burned towns

•Destroyed crops

Canna

e

Canna

e

Cannae – 216 B.C.Cannae – 216 B.C.•Rome – 100,000 soldiers•Hannibal – 70,000 soldiers•Hannibal defeated Romans•Only 16,000 Roman soldiers survived

•Rome – 100,000 soldiers•Hannibal – 70,000 soldiers•Hannibal defeated Romans•Only 16,000 Roman soldiers survived

Romans attacked Carthage

Romans attacked Carthage

•Hannibal was called home to protect Carthage

•He was defeated at town of Zama

•Hannibal was called home to protect Carthage

•He was defeated at town of Zama

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Results of Second Punic War

Results of Second Punic War

•201 B.C.•Carthage agreed to pay Rome a large sum of money

•Agreed to give up territories, including Spain (and Spain’s resources)

•201 B.C.•Carthage agreed to pay Rome a large sum of money

•Agreed to give up territories, including Spain (and Spain’s resources)

Third Punic War

Third Punic War

Third Punic War

Third Punic War•There was a peace for

about 50 years•149 B.C. – 146 B.C.•Carthage showed signs of regaining power

•Romans attacked Carthage

•There was a peace for about 50 years

•149 B.C. – 146 B.C.•Carthage showed signs of regaining power

•Romans attacked Carthage

Roman InvasionRoman

Invasion•Burned Carthage•Plowed salt into fields•Killed Carthaginians or sold them into slavery

•Burned Carthage•Plowed salt into fields•Killed Carthaginians or sold them into slavery

Other Roman Invasions

Other Roman Invasions

•Attacked Corinth•Already controlled Macedonia and Syria

•Greece now under Roman control

•Attacked Corinth•Already controlled Macedonia and Syria

•Greece now under Roman control

Rome was now leading power

of Mediterranean

World!

Rome was now leading power

of Mediterranean

World!