seminarski prenosnici snage i kretanja

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FA KULT ET POLIT EHNIČKIH NAUKA MAŠINSTVO (MAŠINSKE KONSTRUKCIJE) HIDROSTATIČKI PRENOSNICI SNAGE (HSPS) Seminar!i ra" PREDMET:  Pren#ni$i na%e i !re&an'a STUDENT: MENTOR: "#$"r Rai Seer#*i+ ,-&!#*i+ A.i'a  (PT/ 01234 /I)  Tra*ni!5 Ma' 6731

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7/25/2019 Seminarski Prenosnici Snage i Kretanja

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FAKULTET POLITEHNIČKIH NAUKAMAŠINSTVO (MAŠINSKE KONSTRUKCIJE)

HIDROSTATIČKI PRENOSNICI SNAGE (HSPS)Seminar!i ra"

PREDMET: Pren#ni$i na%e i !re&an'a STUDENT:

MENTOR: "#$"r Rai Seer#*i+ ,-&!#*i+ A.i'a  (PT/ 01234/I)

  Tra*ni!5 Ma' 6731

7/25/2019 Seminarski Prenosnici Snage i Kretanja

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SADRŽAJ

1. Podjela hidrostatički preosi!i sa"e#. Oso$i pri!ip rada hidrostatički preosi!i sa"e%. Pri!ipijela &he'a (SPS

). P*'pe+ hidro'otori i hidro!ilidri: podjela+ pri!ip rada , djelo$aje).1 Podjela p*'pi i 'otora-. Ra$odi+ tlači , protoči $etili-.1 Ra$odi!i-.#. Sredi&je poi!ije ra$odika-.%. Posredo *pra$ljai ra$odi!i/. Tlači $etili/.1. 0etil a o"raičeje tlaka/.#. Re"*lator tlaka. Protoči $etili

7/25/2019 Seminarski Prenosnici Snage i Kretanja

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1. Podjela hidrostatički preosi!i sa"e

Ia!# e a&#'i am# #" &ri #n#*ne %r-8e e.emena&a !#n&r-!$i'a 9i"r#&a&i:!i9 8ren#ni!a m#;e <i&i ra=.i:i&#% &e8ena .#;en#&i i m#%- e "i'e.i&i na ra=.i:i&ena:ine On#*na 8#"'e.a #*i9 8ren#ni!a 'e 8rema &#!- !re&an'a .-i"a nare.a$i'i re=er*#ar5 8-m8a5 9i"ra-.i :ni m#&#r5 re=er*#ar O<=ir#m na #*-:in'eni$- 8#&#'e> #&*#reni5 =a&*#reni i 8#.-=a&*#reni HSTOM5 !a# na .i!ama>

S.i!a 33 Hi"r#&a&i:!i 8ren#ni$i> a) #&*#reni5 <)=a&*#reni5 $) 8#.-=a&*#reni

K#" #&*#ren#% i&ema .-i" na!#n &ran#rma$i'e ener%i'e5 #"n#n# -8#&re<e*ra + a e - ne!i "r-%i i.i i&i re=er*#ar K#" =a&*#reni9 i&ema !a# ?&# e *i"ia .i!a na!#n &ran#rma$i'e .-i" e *ra + a 8#n#*# - -in- &ran- 8-m8eK#" #*i9 i&ema 8#&#'e -&*ari "*a !#.a i &#> 8rimarn# i e!-n"arn#Primarn# !#.# 'e !#.# *i#!#% 8ri&i!a5 a e!-n"arn# !#.# 'e !#.# ni!#%

 8ri&i!a i .-;i =a "#8-n'a*an'e .-i"#m 8rimarn#% !#.a K#" 8#.-=a&*#reni9

9i"r#&a&i:!i9 8ren#ni!a - 'e"n#' a=i !re&an'a !.i8a 9i"ra-.i:n#% $i.in"ra -.'ee i= -8r#&ne &rane !.i8a =a'e"n# a -.'em !#'e 8#&i!-'e 8-m8a5 &ran8#r&-'e- ra"n- !#m#r- $i.in"ra Na &a' na :in e man'-'e i.a 8#&i!i*an'a i 8#*e +a*a <r=ina !re&an'a !.i8a U "r-%#' a=i !re&an'a !.i8a 9i"ra-.i:ni i&em "'e.-'e!a# #&*#reni P#"'e.a HSTOM m#%-+ a 'e #<=ir#m i na "r-%e 8arame&re i!ara!&eri&i!e #*#% i&ema N8r 8-m8e i 9i"r#m#&#ri =a*in# #" !#n&r-!$i'em#%- <i&i a !#n&an&nim i 8r#m'en'i*im !a8a$i&e&#m O<=ir#m na #*- :in'eni$- m#%- na&a&i :e&iri !ara!&eri&i :na .- :a'a *e=i*an'a 8-m8e i9i"r#m#&#ra !a!# !#" #&*#reni9 &a!# i !#" =a&*#reni9 i&ema5 .i!e 36 i 3@>

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S.i!a 36> K#m<ina$i'e *e=e 8-m8e i m#&#ra !#" #&*#reni9 9i"r#&a&i:!i9 8ren#ni!a (a 8-m8a i m#&#r - !#n&an&n#% !a8a$i&e&a5 < 8-m8a 'e 8r#m'en.'i*#% a m#&#r !#n&an&n#% !a8a$i&e&a5 $ / 8-m8a 'e !#n&an&n#% a

m#&#r 8r#m'en.'i*#% !a8a$i&e&a5 " / 8-m8a 'e !#n&an&n#% !a8a$i&e&a a m#&#r 'e 8r#m'en.'i*#% !a8a$i&e&a i m#;e "a -n!$i#ni?e !a# !# :ni$a)

S.i!a 3@> K#m<ina$i'e *e=e 8-m8e i m#&#ra !#" =a&*#reni9 9i"r#&a&i:!i9 8ren#ni!a (a 8-m8a i m#&#r - !#n&an&n#% !a8a$i&e&a5 < 8-m8a 'e 8r#m'en.'i*#% a m#&#r !#n&an&n#% !a8a$i&e&a5 $ / 8-m8a 'e !#n&an&n#% am#&#r 8r#m'en.'i*#% !a8a$i&e&a5 " / 8-m8a i m#&#r - 8r#m'rn.'i*#% !a8a$i&e&a)Oim #*e "*i'e na*e"ene 8#"'e.e HSTOM #ni e m#%- 8#"i'e.i&i i na "r-%ena:ine5 n8r - #"n#- na <r#' %rana5 na :in re%-.a$i'e 8r#&#!a5 8ri&i!a5 <r#'a9i"r#m#&#ra i 9i"r#$i.in"ara i n'i9#*e me"'-#<ne *e=e Pa &a!# e m#;ei&#*remen# !#ri&i&i *i?e 9i"r#m#&#ra i 9i"r#$i.in"ara *e=ani9 eri'!i i

 8ara.e.n# =a*in# #" &#%a !#'e 8arame&re =a9&'e*am# "a "#<i'em# #" &a!*#%9i"ra-.i :n#% !#.a Hi"ra-.i :ni i&emi !#" !#'i9 e <r#' #<r&a'a m#&#rare%-.i?e 8#.#;a'em re%-.a&#ra 8-m8e =#*- e i&emi a 8rimarn#mre%-.a$i'#m5 a #ni !#" !#'i9 e <r#' #<r&a'a re%-.i?e 8#.#;a'em re%-.a&#ram#&#ra - i&emi a e!-n"arn#m re%-.a$i'#m P-m8e !#'e e !#ri&e !#"HSTOM m#%- <i&i ra=.i : i&e i=*e"<e !a# ?&# -> =-8 : a&e5 !ri.ne5 !.i8ne5a!i'a.ne5 ra"i'a.ne5 =a*#'ne (*i':ane)5 i&" (.i!a 3B)

7/25/2019 Seminarski Prenosnici Snage i Kretanja

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S.i!a 3B> Na':e?+e !#n&r-!&i*ne i=*e"<e 8-m8i (m#&#ra) 8ri 8r#'e!&#*an'-9i"r#&a&i:!i 8ren#ni!a (9ema&!i 8ri!a=)

7/25/2019 Seminarski Prenosnici Snage i Kretanja

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Hi"r#$i.in"ri m#%- <i&i &a!#"'er ra=.i :i&e i=*e"<e i &#> 'e"n#&ran#% i"*#&ran#% "e'&*a a 'e"n#m i.i "*i'e !.i8n'a : e5 &e.e!#8!i $i.in"ri5 i&" (.i!a34)

S.i!a 34> Pre%.e" #n#*ni9 #<.i!a 9i"r#$i.in"ara i n'i9#*i im<#.i

Hi"r#m#&#ri - 8# !#n&r-!$i'i .i:ni i.i i&i 9i"r#8-m8ama &a!# "a :e&# !#"n'i9 8#&#'i re*er=i<i.n#&5 ?&# =na : i "a 8-m8a ra"i !a# m#&#r i #<rn-&#

#. Oso$i pri!ip rada hidrostatički preosi!i sa"e

Hi"r#&a&i:!i 8ren# #&*ar-'e e 8ren##m 8ri&i!a - 'e"n#m =a&*#ren#m&r-'n#m !#.-5 i=me- 8-m8e !#'a me9ani:!- ener%i'- &ran#rmi?e - ener%i'-

 8ri&i!a i m#&#ra5 !#'i ener%i'- 8ri&i!a &ran#rmi?e - me9ani:!i ra" Pri #*#m 8ren#- .-i" m#ra "a <-"e ne&i?.'i* "a - 8ren#- ne <i na&-8i.a 8r#mena5 i=:e%a 8r#i=i.a=i !#ri?+en'e 9i"ra-.i:!#% -.'a #"%#*ara'-+e% *i!#=i&e&a5 !a#

na'8#*#.'ni'e% .-i"a =a 9i"r#&a&i:!i 8ren# na%e5 .i!a 6

7/25/2019 Seminarski Prenosnici Snage i Kretanja

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3/Di=e. m#&#r5 6/Re"-!&#r5 @/Hi"r# 8-m8e5 B/Hi"r# m#&#ri8. re"-!&#r54/Hi"r# 8-m8a =a -8ri5 1/Hi"r# $i.in"ri =a -8ra*5 /Hi"r# $i.in"ar "#="a5

0/Ven&i.iS. 6 Hi"r#&a&i:!i 8ren# na%e

Hi"r#&a&i:!i 8ren# na%e =a9&e*a =a&*#ren# .-i"n# !#.# 8-m8a / m#&#r Da <i e me9ani:!a ener%i'a &ran#rmia.a - 8ri&ia! 8#&re<n# 'e =a8&i*an'eme&a.ni9 "e.#*a 8-m8e i *i#! !*a.i&e& #<ra"e Da <i e ener%i'a 8ri&i!a&ran#rmia.a - me9ani:!- ener%i'- m#&#r &re<a "a <-"e "#<r# =a8&i*en i a

*i#!im !*a.i&e&#m #<ra"e Tre<a ima&i - *i"- "a ra"i ei!an#&i&ran#rma$i'e *e+i9 na%a &re<a i+i na *i#!e 8ri&i!e5 ?&# - 8ra!i 8re"&a*.'a #=<i.'an ne"#&a&a! 8rimene 9i"r#&a&i:!#% 8#%#na

%. Pri!ipijela &he'a (SPS

S*a!i 9i"r#&a&i:!i i&em 8ren#a na%e &' 9i"r#&a&i:!i &ran#rma&#r #<r&n#%m#men&a (HSTOM) <e= #<=ira na nam'en- i -n!$'- &e &e8en .#;en#&i

a&#'i e i= &ri #n#*ne %r-8ee.emena&a i &#>/ 8#%#n!#% a%re%a&a (8re&*ara : e.e!&ri :ne5 &#8.#&ne i.i me9ani:!e -9i"ra-.i:n- ener%i'-)

/ -8ra*.'a:!#/re%-.ira'-+ i9 e.emena&a =a -8ra*.'an'e 8ra*$em &e : en'a5                                                                                                                                                        

*e.i :in#m 8r#&#!a i 8ri&i!a/ i=*r?n#% #r%ana (8re&*ara:a 9i"ra-.i:ne - me9ani :!- ener%i'e                                                                                                                                                        

Po"oski a"re"at !#'i .-;i =a 8re&*aran'e me9ani:!e ener%i'e - 9i"ra-.i :n-ener%i'- m#;e <i&i ra=.i:i&# i=*e"en5 n8r e.e!&r#m#&#r5 SUS i.i "i=e. m#&#r i.i:n#

Od ra$odo2re"*la!ioih -re"'a'a !#ri&e e na':e?+e ra=.i:i&e *r&e $i'e*i5 8ri!.'-:a!a i *en&i.a !a# i ra=*#"ni9 me9ani=ama T- e na':e?+e mi.i na

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 8r#&#:ne *en&i.e (re%-.a$i'a <r=ine)5 &.a:ne *en&i.e (re%-.a$i'a i.a) i ra=*#"ne*en& i.e (re%-.a$i'a 8ra*$a !re&an'a .-i"a)

,$r&i or"ai  !#'i 8re&*ara'- 9i"ra-.i:n- - me9ani:!- ener%i'- m#%- <i&i&a!#"'er ra=.i:i&i5 =a*in# #" &#%a !a!*# !re&an'e ;e.im# na i=.a=- (!r-;n#5

 8ra*#.ini'!#5 #$i.a&#rn#) Da!.e i=*r?ni e.emen&i m#%.i <i <i&i 9i"r#$i.in"ri5#$i.a&#rni m#&#ri5 9i"r#m#&#ri5 i&" Ka# .-i" =a 8ri'en# na%e !#ri&e eminera.na -.'a ra=.i:i&e em-.=i'e i in&e&i:!a -.'a Je"na <.#! ?emaHSTOM 8ri!a=ana 'e na .i$i>

S.i!a @> Prin$i8i'e.na 9ema 9i"r#&a&i:!#% i&ema 8ren#a na%e (HSTOM)

 Na .i$i @3 "a&i 'e 8#8re:ni 8re'e! 9i"r#&a&i:!#% i&ema 8ren#a na%e a 8ri8a"a'-:im e.emen&ima i &#!#*ima &r-'an'a ra"n#% .-i"a

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S.i!a @3> P#8re:ni 8re'e! 9i"r#&a&i:!#9 i&ema 8ren#a na%e(3/8-m8a5 6 / re=er*#ar5 @ / *en&i. =a #%rani:en'e 8ri&i!a5 B3 / !.i85 B6 /!.i8n'a:a5 4 / -8ra*.'a :!i *en&i.5 1 / !.i8 - -8ra*.'a:!#m *en&i.-)

). P*'pe+ hidro'otori i hidro!ilidri: podjela+ pri!ip rada , djelo$aje

U 9i"r#"inami$i ener%i'a e 8r*en&*en# 8ren#i !ine&i:!#mener%i'#m .-i"a - &r-'an'-5 "#! e - 9i"r#&a&i$i ener%i'e 8ren#i 8r*en&*en#&.a!#m .-i"a S&#%a 9i"r#"inami:!e -&a*e !ara!&eri=ira ra=m'ern# ni!i &.a! i*i#!a <r=ina &r-'an'a5 "#! 9i"r#&a&i:!e -&a*e #"re-'- ra=m'ern# *i#!i&.a!#*i i ni;e <r=ine &r-'an'a .-i"a I&# &a!# ra=.i!-'- e "*i'e *r&e9i"ra-.i:!i9 &r#'e*a5 9i"r#&a&i:!i i 9i"r#"inami:!i Hi"r#&a&i:!i &r#'e*i5#"n#n# 8-m8e - #*#m .-:a'-5 ra"e &a!# "a -9*a&e #"reeni *#.-men.-i"a - ne!#m 8r#&#r- &i'e!#m $i!.-a -ia*an'a5 8ren#e %a "a.'e

ra=nim e.emen&ima (!.i8#*ima5 =-8:ani$ima5 *i'$ima5 !ri.$ima5 )5 a =a&im e 8r#&#r - !#'i 'e .-i" -9*a+en man'-'e &i'e!#m $i!.-a &.a:en'a F.-i" e ?a.'e"a.'e - 9i"ra-.i:!i -&a*5 a &.a! - -&a*- #*ii # #&8#rima -n-&ar 9i"ra-.i:!#%

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 8re!.a8a'- Hi"r#&a&i:!i m#&#ri ra"e na8r#&# #<rn-& 8r#$e &.a:eni .-i"%-ra me9ani:!e e.emen&e m#&#ra (#8e& - &# !.i8#*i5 =-8:ani$i5 !ri.$a5 )!#'i #n"a #<a*.'a'- ne!i ra" P#'am na en%.e!#m 'e=i!- =a 9i"r#&a&i:!e&r#'e*e 8#i&i*e "i8.a$emen& ma$9ine "#<r# i.-&rira *#.-men!i 8rin$i8ra"a 9i"r#&a&i:!i9 &r#'e*a ("i8.a$emen& *#.-men5 i&i!i*an'e5

 8rem'e?&an'e) S "r-%e &rane 9i"r#"inami:!i &r#'e*i ra"e &a!# "a !ine&i:!#mener%i'#m $r8e .-i" (=a 8-m8e) One na8r#&# 8re"a'- *#'- !ine&i:!- ener%i'-.-i"-5 i &a!# %a &'era'- "a.'e Prim'er 9i"r#"inami:!i9 8-m8i - &-r<#8-m8era=ni9 *r&a (ra"i'a.ne5 "i'a%#na.ne i a!i'a.ne) Pre"n#&i 9i"r#"inami:!i9&r#'e*a - n'i9#*a $i'ena5 'e"n#&a*n#& i 8#-="an#& Me-&im5 8re"n#&i9i"r#&a&i:!i9 &r#'e*a - n'i9#*a %-&#+a na%e5 ?ir#!# i 8#*#.'n# ra"n#

 8#"r-:'e (&.a!/#!re&a'i)5 8#"n#?en'e *i#!#% &.a!a5 "#<ar &-8an' !#rin#%"'e.#*an'a na ?irem ra"n#m 8#"r-:'-5 ?iri ra8#n *i!#=i&e&a .-i"a na !#'emm#%- ra"i&i5 &e "#<re m#%-+n#&i 8r#m'ene *#.-mena &r#'a U8ra*# i=

 8re&9#"n# na<r#'ani9 ra=.#%a 9i"r#&a&i:!i &r#'e*i 8#%#"ni - =a 8#%#n!e-.#%e5 &e -.#%e 8ri'en#ni!a na%e a *e.i!im m#%-+n#&ima -8ra*.'an'a5

?&# 'e -8ra*# #n#*ni =a"a&a! 9i"ra-.i!e Na am#m 8#:e&!- na%.a?en# 'e"a #n# ?&# e 8#"-:a*a - #*#m -";<eni!- 8r*en&*en# #<-9*a+a 9i"r#&a&i!- i9i"r#&a&i:!e &r#'e*e U .i&era&-ri @ 8-m8e e "i'e.e na "inami:!e i*#.-men!e5 %"'e e "inami:!e "einira'- !a# 8-m8e - !#'ima e !a8.'e*ina

 8ren#i "'e.#*an'em i.a !#'e na n'i9 "'e.-'- - 8r#&#r- ?&# 'e ne8re!i"n# 8#*e=an -inim i &.a:nim $'e*#*#"ima 8-m8e U *#.-men!im 8-m8ama !a8.'e*ine e 8ren#e 8#m#+- 8eri#"i:!i9 8r#m'ena *#.-mena 8r#&#ra ?&# %a =a-=ima 44 !a8.'e*ina5 a !#'i e 8#*remen# i nai=m'eni:n# 8#*e=-'e -inim i &.a:nim $'e*#*#"ima 8-m8e O*a "eini$i'a i na=i*.'e ne-!#<.'a*a e a 8re&9#"n#m5 *e+ 'e na"#8-n'-'e

).1 Podjela p*'pi i 'otora

On#*na 8#"'e.a 9i"r#&a&i:!i9 &r#'e*a -8ra*# 'e 8rema !#n&r-!$i'i5 #"n#n#na !#'i na:in #ni 8ren#e .-i"5 8a e &a!# ra=.i!-'- =-8:a&e5 *i':ane5 !ri.ne i!.i8ne 8-m8e i.i m#&#ri5 a :i&a*im ni=#m ra=.i:i&i9 i=*e"<i P#"'e.a 8-m8i

 8rema !#n&r-!$i'i 8ri!a=ana 'e 9em#m na .i$i 435 "#! 'e 8#"'e.a m#&#ra"ana na .i$i 46 U ne!im 8rim'erima i= 8ra!e i.i i= .i&era&-re m#%- e 8r#na+ii !#n&r-!$i'!e i=*e"<e 8-m8i i.i m#&#ra !#'i +e <i&i i=*an *e+in!ema&i$e Na .i!ama 43 i 46 #ne - 8re"&a*.'ene <.#!#m Dr-%e *r&e

 Ne!e *r&e na"#.a=e+i9 8-m8i i m#&#ra (!#'i - 8#men-&i - 8#%.a*.'- 3B)

#*"'e ni- 8#e<n# i="*#'ene5 'er #ni !#n&r-!$i'i 8ri8a"a'- !.i8nim 8-m8ama i.i m#&#rima U *a!#m .-:a'-5 r#&a$i'!e 8-m8e i m#&#ri 8re*.a"a*a'-5 ma!ar !a"a 'e ri'e: # &ra"i$i#na.nim 8rim'enama 9i"ra-.i!e(=a&# - #ne #&a.e 8#*e=ane $r&!anim .ini'ama na .i!ama 43 i 46)Ta!#er e m#;e *i"'e&i "a - *r.# .i:ne 8#"'e.e 8-m8i i m#&#ra Una:e.-5 &# i 'e- !#n&r-!$i'!i *r.# .i:ni &r#'e*i5 a.i ra=.i:i&#m -.#%#mP#ne!a" i&i 9i"ra-.i:!i &r#' m#;e ra"i&i i !a# 8-m8a5 i !a# m#&#r D#"a'ee "a e .inearne 8-m8e - @ na=i*a'- 8#*ra&n# &ran.a&#rne5 ?&# 'e

 8ri!.a"an i=ra= =a en%.e!i re$i8r#$a&in% 8-m8 Na8#min'e e "a e m#;e 8r#na+i i "r-%a:i'e *r&a*an'e 8-m8i i m#&#ra Na 8rim'er5 #*"'e - *i':ane*r&ane !a# 8#e<na %r-8a -n-&ar =-8:a&i9 (8# -=#r- na B65 i.i na

B@5 %"'e - na=*ane =a*#'ne 8-m8e)5 a ne%"'e e #ne *#"e !a# =ae<na%r-8aTa!#er 8-m8e i.i m#&#ri a =-8:a&im 8r&en#m :e&# - *r&ane!a# *ari'an&a 8-m8i i.i m#&#ra a -n-&arn'im #=-<.'en'em

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Oim #n#*ne 8#"'e.e 8# !#n&r-!$i'!#' i=*e"<i5 *a;na 8#"'e.a 'e 8rema*ari'a<i.n#&i*#.-mena 8-m8e i.i m#&#ra Da!.e5 8-m8e i m#&#ri m#%- <i&i>

/ Ne8r#m'en.'i*#% (i!n#%) *#.-mena/ Vari'a<i.n#% (8r#m'en.'i*#%) *#.-mena

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M#%-+n#& *ari'a<i.n#&i *#.-mena 8-m8e i.i m#&#ra =na:a'na 'e - mn#?&*- 8rim'ena Naime5!#n&in-iran#m 8r#m'en#m *#.-mena m#;e e !#n&in-iran#mi'en'a&i ra"na !ara!&eri&i!a m#men&a i <r=ine *r&n'e Da!.e5 ne!a!a*!#n&in-irani *ari'a<i.ni 8ri'en#ni! (CVT) .a!# e m#;e rea.i=ira&i na &a'na:in U= &#5 8r#m'en#m *#.-mena "#<a*a 8-m8e m#;e e 8ri.a%#a*a&i

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 8-m8i i.i m#&#ra m#%- <i&i me9ani:!i 8#%#n'eni (n8r r-:n#m 8#.-%#m)59i"ra-.i:!i 8#%#n'eni (n8r 9i"ra-.i:!im $i.in"r#m !#'im e -8ra*.'a

*en&i.ima)5 e.e!&r#/9i"ra-.i:!i (n8r 9i"ra-.i:!im $i.in"r#m !#'im e-8ra*.'a *en&i.ima 8#re"&*#m e.e!&ri!e i e.e!&r#ma%ne&a)5 &e e.e!&r#/me9ani:!i (n8r 8#.-%#m5 i.i 8#.-;'em !#'ima e -8ra*.'a 8#re"&*#me.e!&ri!e5 e.e!&r#ma%ne&a i2i.i e.e!&r#m#&#ra) Jan# 'e "a m#%-+n#&*ari'a<i.n#% *#.-mena =na&ni'e 8#!-8.'-'e 8-m8- i.i m#&#r M#;e e re+i(*r.# 8#*r?n#) "a 'e"an 9i"ra-.i:!i &r#' *ari'a<i.n#% *#.-mena !#?&a #" @7

 8a na *i?e5 - #"n#- na i"en&i:an &r#' i!n#% *#.-mena Va;n# 'e na8#men-&i "a e 8r#m'ena "#<a*e 8-m8e m#;e mi'en'a&i i

 8r#m'en#m <r#'a #!re&a'a !#'#m e 8-m8a #!re+e U &#m .-:a'- 8-m8a m#;e <i&i i!n#% *#.-mena5 me-&im 8rimarni 8#%#n (e.e!&r#m#&#r5 m#&#r a-n-&arn'im i=%aran'em) m#ra ima&i m#%-+n#& 8r#m'ene <r#'a #!re&a'a(me-&im5 !#" e.e!&r#m#&#ra &a!*# r'e?en'e m#;e <i&i !-8#5 #"n#n# =na&n#!-8.'e ne%# 8r#m'en.'i*i *#.-men 8-m8e5 a =<#% *e.i!#% m#men&ainer$i'e e.e!&ri:n#% m#&#ra "inami:!a *#'&*a m#%- <i&i =na&n# .#?i'a)

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#&*#reni (a) i =a&*#reni (<) 9i"ra-.i:!i !r-% U #&*#ren#m !r-%- .-i" i=a!&-a&#ra #".a=i - 8remni!5 "#! 8-m8a -ia*a .-i" i= 8remni!a U=a&*#ren#m !r-%- .-i" !#'i i=.a=i i= a!&-a&#ra "ire!&n# -.a=i - 8-m8-Te#re&!i5 ni!a!a* 8remni! ni'e 8#&re<an I8a!5 *a!i =a&*#reni 9i"ra-.i:!i!r-% ima 8remni! (ma.i - #"n#- na #&*#reni !r-%)5 &e ima man'- 8-m8- !#'a.-;i =a na8a'an'e %.a*ne 8-m8e (&' na8a'a 9i"ra-.i:!- .ini'- - !#'#' 'e man'i&.a!) Na:e.ne 8re"n#&i =a&*#ren#% !r-%a - ne!a <#.'a *#'&*a ("inami:!i#"=i*i5 8re$i=n#&5 !#m8a!&n#&)5 "#! - ne"#&a$i .a<i'a m#%-+n#&9.aen'a5 &e .#;eni'e -8ra*.'an'e -&a*#m

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Je"n# #8+eni&# #<'a?n'en'e re;ima ra"a5 !#'e e m#;e 8#"i'e.i&i na ra"9i"ra-.i:!#% &r#'a !a# 8-m8e i na ra" !a# m#&#ra "an# 'e na .i$i 4BDa!a!#5 i"en&i:na &*ar *ri'e"i i =a e.e!&r#m#&#rne 8#%#ne5 me-&im &a"ae re;im 8-m8e na=i*a %enera&#r!i S-8r#&an m'er #!re&an'a (n) im#men&a (T) - re;im- 8-m8e5 =na:i "a 'e 8#&re<n# "#*e&i m#men& 8#m#+-ne!#% 8#%#na (n8r e.e!&r#m#&#r i.i m#&#r a -n-&arn'im i=%aran'em)5 "a <i%enerira.i 8r#&#! (&' &.a!5 a!# 8#&#'e #&8#ri - 9i"ra-.i:!#m -&a*-)

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Hi"ra-.i:!e 8-m8e i m#&#ri 8re"*ieni - =a 'e"n#m'ern- i.i "*#m'ern-*r&n'-5 &e =a 8r#&#! !#'i m#;e i+i - am# 'e"n#m5 i.i #<a m'era Prim'er 8-m8e

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 8-m8a/m#&#r na .i$i 44 ) &a!#er - nami'en'ene i!.'-:i*# =a&*#renim9i"ra-.i:!im -&a*ima P-m8a na .i$i e) 'e re*er=i<i.na5 #!re+e e - #<am'era5 i -!.a"n# m'er- #!re&an'a "a&i +e 8r#&#! - 'e"n#m i.i "r-%#m m'er-("a!.e5 ra"i - II i.i IV !*a"ran&-) P-m8a/m#&#r na .i$i ) m#;e ra"i&i - *a:e&iri !*a"ran&a Ra" - re;im- 8-m8e i m#&#ra m#;e e i.-&rira&i

 8rim'er#m 8#"i=an'a i 8-?&an'a &ere&a ne!a!*im *i&.#m !#'e 8#%#ni

9i"r#m#&#r a *ri'eme 8#"i=an'a &ere&a5 9i"r#m#&#r ra"i !a# m#&#rMe-&im5 a!# e &ere& 8-?&a5 8#&re<n# %a 'e !#:i&i5 i &a"a 9i"r#m#&#r ra"i !a# 8-m8a D#<i*en- ener%i'- 8-?&an'em &ere&a m#;e e 8#9rani&i n8r -9i"ra-.i:!i a!-m-.a&#r5 i.i 8#%#n!i e.e!&r#m#&#r m#;e ra"i&i - %enera&#r!#mre;im- i "a*a&i &r-'- Da!a!#5 "a =a #<'e m#%-+n#&i &re<a'- <i&i &*#reni

 8re"-*'e&i (ri'e?en# -8ra*.'an'e5 8#9rana ener%i'e5 i&") U8ra*# &a!*i na:ini-?&e"e ener%i'e 'e"na - #" &ema m#"erne 9i"ra-.i!e S*e 8-m8e i.i 8-m8e/m#&#ri a .i!e 44 m#%- <i&i i 8r#m'en.'i*#% *#.-mena5 a &a"a <i ima.i &r'e.i$-!a# na .i$i <)Ana.#%ni 8rim'eri !#'i - "ani na .i$i 44 =a 8-m8e5 *ri'e"e i =a m#&#re5 a

 8ri!a=ani - na .i$i 41 (m#&#r =a 'e"an m'er *r&n'e5 &e =a 'e"an m'er 8r#&#!a

(a)5 i&i &a!a* m#&#r *ari'a<i.n#% *#.-mena (<)5 &e m#&#r =a "*a m'era *r&n'e i"*a m'era 8r#&#!a ($))

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-. Ra$odi+ tlači , protoči $etili

Ven&i.i - ?ir#!a %r-8a e.emena&a ne#89#"ni9 =a 8ra*i.n# -n!$i#niran'e9i"ra-.i:!i9 -&a*a Prema "eini$i'i (DIN ISO 363)5 *en&i.i - -rea'i(e.emen&i) =a -8ra*.'an'e i.i re%-.a$i'- 8#!re&an'a5 =a-&a*.'an'a5 -m'era*an'a5&e &.a!a i 8r#&#!a .-i"a 8#" &.a!#m "#<a*.'en#% 8-m8#m i.i 8#9ran'en#% -a!-m-.a&#r- Na'#n#*ni'a 8#"'e.a *en&i.a 'e& 8rema n'i9#*#' -n!$i'i Prema#n#*n#' -n!$i'i m#%- e 8#"i'e.i&i na>/ ra=*#"ni$i

/ &.a:ni *en&i.i / 8r#&#:ni *en&i.i/ ne8#*ra&ni (=a8#rni) *en&i.i

 Ven&i.i +e e !ani'e "e&a.'ni'e #8ia&i 8rema 8#"'e.i 8# *#'#' -n!$i'i Prema!#n&r-!$i'i 8#mi:n#% e.emen&a !#'i *r?i n'i9#*- #n#*n- -n!$i'-5 *en&i.em#;em# 8#"i'e.i&i na> / *en&i.e a 'e"i?&em (!-%.a5 &#;a$5 &an'-r) / *en&i.e !.i=nim e.emen&#m (!.i=ne) / !.i=n# r#&ira'-+e *en&i.eVen&i.i a 'e"i?&em (en%. ea&e" *a.*e5 n'em Si&=*en&i.)5 %"'e - &a 'e"i?&a!-%.e (<a..)5 &#?$i (8#88e&) i.i &an'-ra&i e.emen&i (8.a&e)5 ima'- *a;n- =na:a'!-"a5 =a ra=.i!- #" !.i=ni95 m#%- 8#&8-n# ne8r#8-n# =a&*#ri&i 9i"ra-.i:!i !r-%S "r-%e &rane5 !#" !.i=ni9 *en&i.a (en%. 8##. *a.*e n'em S$9ie<er*en&i.).a!?a 'e -ni*er=a.n#& i m#"-.arn#& 8ri 8r#i=*#"n'i5 a &a!#er 'e 'e"n#&a*ni'a-%ra"n'a ra=.i:i&i9 e.emen&a =a n'i9#*# 8#!re&an'e On#*ni 8ri!a= *en&i.a a'e"i?&em "an 'e na .i$i 3 a)5 "#! 'e !.i=ni9 "an na .i$i 3 <) Prin$i8 !.i=n#r#&ira'-+a !#n&r-!$i'e *en&i.a 8ri!a=an 'e 'e"nim 8rim'er#m na .i$i 6Ča9-ra e =a!re+e -n-&ar !#?-.'i$e5 &e e na &a' na:in #&*ara'- ra=.i:i&i 8-&e*i.-i"- O*a' &i8 !#n&r-!$i'e i8a! e r'ee -re+e !#" &i8i:ni9 9i"ra-.i:!i9*en&i.a

S.i!a 3 a) Ven&i.i a 'e"i?&em (!-%.a5 &#;a$5 &an'-r) $) Ven&i. !.i=nime.emen&#m (-= .'-<a=n#& IHA BB)

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S.i!a 6 K.i=ni r#&ira'-+i *en&i.

Prema na:in- 8#!re&an'a 8#mi:n#% e.emen&a (!-%.e5 &#?$a5 &an'-ra5 !.i8a)5 *en&i.i em#%- 8#"i'e.i&i na>

- r-:n# 8#!re&ane

- me9ani:!i 8#!re&ane

- 9i"ra-.i:!i i.i 8ne-ma&!i 8#!re&ane

- e.e!&ri:!i 8#!re&ane

R-:n# 8#!re&an'e 8#mi:ni9 e.emena&a - *en&i.ima #<-9*a+a ra=.i:i&e 8#.-%e5 8e"a.e5i.i "-%me&a Me9ani:!# 8#!re&an'e #<-9*a+a ra=.i:i&a &i$a.a5 !#&a:i+e5 #8r-%e K#"9i"ra-.i:!#% i.i 8ne-ma&!#% 8#!re&an'e 8#mi:ni9 e.emena&a - *en&i.ima ra"i e #"'e.#*an'- &.a!a5 <i.# "a e 8#!re&an'e 8#&i:e 8#ra&#m &.a!a5 <i.# 8a"#m &.a!aE.e!&ri:!i 8#!re&an'e *en&i.a na':e?+e 'e 8#m#+- e.e!&r#ma%ne&a5 a.i m#;e <i&i i

 8#m#+- e.e!&r#m#&#ra (n8r i&#m'erni95 !#ra:ni95 )

Prema na:in- i=m'ene 8#.#;a'a5 *en&i.e m#;em# 8#"i'e.i&i na

- "*#8#.#;a'ne (#n/#)

-  8r#8#r$i#na.ne

M#%-+n#& i=m'ene 8#.#;a'a !#" *en&i.a #<-9*a+a #n/# (&# 'e 8rema en%.e!#mi=ra=-5 n'ema:!i 'e Schaltend ) 8#mi$an'e *en&i.a5 !a"a e #ni 8#mi:- - *#'a "*a(m#;e <i&i i *i?e5 8#m#+- ra=ni9 me9ani=ama5 #8r-%a i.i .i:n#) !ra'n'a 8#.#;a'aP#mi:ni "i# *en&i.a &a!#er e m#;e 8#mi$a&i i 8#m#+- 8r#8#r$i#na.ni9e.e!&r#ma%ne&a (i.i na ne!i "r-%i na:in)5 &a!# "a 'e 8#ma! *en&i.a 8r#8#r$i#na.anne!#m -.a=n#m i%na.- (reeren$i'i) Na &a' na:in #m#%-+a*a e 8re$i=ni'e

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na:in i=m'ene 8#.#;a'a na':e?+e 'e #<-9*a+en 8#%.a*.'em 9i"ra-.i!e i.i 8ne-ma&i!e!#'i e na=i*a er*# i 8r#8#r$i#na.na 9i"ra-.i!a i.i 8ne-ma&i!a

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-.1 Ra$odi!i

Ra=*#"ni$i - *en&i.i !#'i #&*ara'-5 =a&*ara'- i -m'era*a'- .-i" (ra=*#"e %a)Ra=*#"ni$i (en%. directional control valve5 n'em Wegeventil ) e 8r*en&*en##=na:a*a'- <r#'em 9i"ra-.i:!i9 8ri!.'-:a!a i <r#'em ra=*#"ni9 8#.#;a'a Na 8rim'er5

@26 ra=*#"ni! ima @ 8ri!.'-:!a i 6 ra=*#"na 8#.#;a'a U im<#.- ra=*#"ni!a 'e"anra=*#"ni 8#.#;a' #=na:en 'e 'e"nim !*a"ra&#m - !#'em - &r'e.i$ama na$r&ani m#%-+im'er#*i %i<an'a .-i"a 8rema 8ri!.'-:$ima Pri!.'-:$i e #=na:a*a'- *e.i!im .#*ima>P (8-m8a5 &.a!)5 T (8remni!5 8#*ra&)5 A5, (ra"ni 8ri!.'-:$i5 8#&r#?a:i)5 L ($-ren'e)5Q55 (-8ra*.'a:!i 8ri!.'-:$i)5 i.i <r#'!ama (35@54565B53653B5) Sim<#.i na:ina

 8#!re&an'a ra=*#"ni!a "#"a'- e a &rana !*a"ra&a !#'i 8ri!a=-'- ra=*#"ne 8#.#;a'eSim<#.i - "ani n#rm#m DIN ISO 363/3 Ne!#.i!# 8rim'era ra=*#"ni!a 8ri!a=an# 'en'i9#*im im<#.ima na .i$i @

S.i!a @ Ra=*#"ni$i> a) 6265 <) @265 $) B265 ") B2@5e) a "*a ra=*#"na 8#.#;a'a5 -8ra*.'an e.e!&r#ma%ne&#m i #8r-%#m

K#n&r-!$i'!i5 ra=*#"ni$i - 8re&e;n# !.i=ne i=*e"<e5 me-&im m#%- e -re&i ir#&ira'-+i !.i=ni5 &e #ni a 'e"i?&em Prim'er 'e"n#% B2@ !.i=n#% ra=*#"ni!a 8#!re&an#%r-:n# (8#.-%#m) 8ri!a=an 'e na .i$i B a)5 a 8rim'er 'e"n#% @26 ra=*#"ni!a !-%.#m!a# =a8#rnim e.emen&#m "an 'e na .i$i B <) Ta' ra=*#"ni! 8#!re&an 'ee.e!&r#ma%ne&#m5 a *ra+a e na=a" - mirni 8#.#;a' 8#m#+- #8r-%e (#n"a !a"a ne&anena8#na na e.e!&r#ma%ne&-)

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