September 6—What do you September 6—What do you think was the main cause of think was the main cause of

WWI? Why?WWI? Why?

Causes of WWICauses of WWI

Key TermsKey Terms

►Otto von BismarckOtto von Bismarck►Triple AllianceTriple Alliance►Triple EntenteTriple Entente►Archduke Francis FerdinandArchduke Francis Ferdinand

OutlineOutline

► I. European Background of World War II. European Background of World War IA. Unification of GermanyA. Unification of GermanyB. ImperialismB. ImperialismC. The BalkansC. The BalkansD. International RivalriesD. International Rivalries

II. Causes of WWIII. Causes of WWIA. Long-termA. Long-termB. Immediate B. Immediate

GermanyGermany

► Bismarck was Bismarck was appointed prime appointed prime minister of Prussia minister of Prussia in 1862.in 1862.

► Bismarck waged 3 Bismarck waged 3 wars to unify wars to unify Germany under Germany under Prussian Prussian domination.domination.

PrussiaPrussia

Unification Through WarUnification Through War

►The Danish War: Austria and Prussia The Danish War: Austria and Prussia declared war on Denmark over the declared war on Denmark over the territories of Holstein and Schleswig in territories of Holstein and Schleswig in 1864. Denmark is defeated. Austria 1864. Denmark is defeated. Austria receives Holstein and Prussia receives receives Holstein and Prussia receives Schleswig.Schleswig.

The Seven Weeks’ WarThe Seven Weeks’ War

►Austria declared war against Prussia in Austria declared war against Prussia in 1866 over the ongoing dispute over 1866 over the ongoing dispute over Schleswig and Holstein. Schleswig and Holstein.

►Bismarck had diplomatically isolated Bismarck had diplomatically isolated Austria.Austria.

►Prussia defeated Austria in seven weeks.Prussia defeated Austria in seven weeks.►By 1867 the northern German states had By 1867 the northern German states had

joined Prussia to become the North joined Prussia to become the North German Confederation.German Confederation.

The Franco-Prussian WarThe Franco-Prussian War

►Bismarck picked a fight with France over Bismarck picked a fight with France over the succession of the Spanish throne the succession of the Spanish throne because he decided that the only way to because he decided that the only way to unite the southern German states with the unite the southern German states with the rest of Germany was a war with France.rest of Germany was a war with France.

►France declared war on Prussia in July France declared war on Prussia in July 1870.1870.

►The southern states united with Prussia The southern states united with Prussia against the French.against the French.

The German EmpireThe German Empire

►On January 18, 1871 the German On January 18, 1871 the German Empire was proclaimed and King Empire was proclaimed and King William I of Prussia was proclaimed the William I of Prussia was proclaimed the German emperor and Bismarck German emperor and Bismarck became the chancellor.became the chancellor.

ImperialismImperialism

►Why did European countries want Why did European countries want colonies?colonies?

►The rush for colonies especially in The rush for colonies especially in Africa created tensions between Africa created tensions between European nations.European nations.

The “Powder Keg” of EuropeThe “Powder Keg” of Europe

►Decline of the Decline of the Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

► Russia’s connectionRussia’s connection► 1908 Austria-1908 Austria-

Hungary annexed Hungary annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina Bosnia-Herzegovina which outraged which outraged Serbia.Serbia.

International Rivalries and International Rivalries and AlliancesAlliances

► France wanted to France wanted to recover Alsace-recover Alsace-Lorraine which they Lorraine which they lost during the lost during the Franco-Prussian Franco-Prussian WarWar

► Russia sided with Russia sided with France because France because Germany supported Germany supported the Austrians in the the Austrians in the Balkans.Balkans.

AlliancesAlliances

AlliancesAlliances

► Triple Alliance =Austria, Germany, and Italy. Triple Alliance =Austria, Germany, and Italy. Created in 1882 Created in 1882

► Triple Entente= Great Britain, France, and Triple Entente= Great Britain, France, and Russia. Created in 1907.Russia. Created in 1907.

Long-Term Causes of WWILong-Term Causes of WWI

►NationalismNationalism►MilitarismMilitarism►AlliancesAlliances► ImperialismImperialism

Immediate CauseImmediate Cause

► Assassination of Assassination of Archduke Francis Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his Ferdinand and his wifewife

► Austrian ultimatumAustrian ultimatum►On July 28 Austria On July 28 Austria

declared war on declared war on Serbia.Serbia.