situation analysis of adloscent girl
TRANSCRIPT
Adolescence
A period between childhood and adulthood. There is lot of upheaval and restructuring during adolescence both on physical and psychological level
There is identity crisis Adolescent feels grown up but the parents and seniors
refuse to accept it.
Puberty - Physical Changes
Primary Sexual Characteristics reproductive organs
Secondary Sexual Characteristics non-reproductive characteristics, breasts,
hair etc.
Sexual Maturation
Female breast bud and
growth spurt ~ 10 yrs
menarche ~ 12.5 yrs
full height ~ 13 yrs
Male testes enlarge ~
11.5 yrs growth spurt ~ 12.5
yrs spermarche ~ 13 yrs facial hair & voice
change ~ 14 yrs full height ~ 15.5 yrs
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No longer Children, Not Yet Adults
Adolescence
10-19 years
Youth
15-24 Years
Young people
10-24 Years
Population Profile: Ages 10-24 Years in India
Population age-10-24 (Millions) 284.2
10-24 years as % of total population 30
% Male enrolled in secondary school 59
% Female enrolled in secondary school38
Average age at first marriage 20
Total fertility rate 3.4
% TFR contributed by 15-19 years 9
% using contraceptives 7
Why Focus on Adolescents?• Large number >22% of the
population (Approximately 207 Million of our population);
• Adolescence is a period of rapid physical growth, sexual and psycho-social changes;
• Habits and behavior picked up during adolescence (Risk taking behavior, substance abuse, eating habits, conflict resolution) have life long impact.
Why Focus on Adolescents?• Adolescence is the last chance to correct growth
lag and malnutrition;• Many adolescent boys and girls are sexually
active but lack information and skills for self protection (Low level of information on FP, low contraception use);
• Have simple, but wide pervading and crucial RH needs – menstrual hygiene, contraception; (including Emergency Contraception), safety from STI/HIV;
• Communication gap exists with parents and other adults (Lack of family “Connectedness”);
A – Aggressive Anaemic Abortion D – Dynamic,Developing,Depressed O – Overconfident,Overindulging,Obese L – Loud but lonely,& Lack information E – Enthusiastic,Explorative,&
Experimenting S – Social,Sexual, & Spiritual C – Courageous,cheerful, &concern E – Emotional,Eager,& Emulating N - Nervous,Never say no to peers T – Temperamental,Teenage pregnancy
Characteristics
Before Birth to 1year
• Foeticide and Infanticide • Infant mortality • Discrimination in breast feeding
and infant food • Neglect of health (immunization)
1 to 11 years • Discrimination in access to food and health care • Malnutrition and anemia • Health problems like Polio and diarrhea • Iodine and Vitamin A and Micro nutrient
deficiency • Low school enrolment and School drop outs • Vulnerable to trafficking, child labour, child
marriage • Abuse, exploitation and violence • Domestic chores • Looking after siblings • Restriction on mobility and play
Discrimination in overall treatment and parental care 11 to 18 years (Adolescents) • Poor health • Low literacy level • Restriction on mobility and play • Frequent illness due to Malnutrition,
Aneamia and micro-nutrient deficiency • Child Marriage • Early Child bearing morbidity and
mortality • Poor access to information and services • Early and frequent pregnancy coupled
with abortions
• Marital and domestic violence Dowry Harassment, desertion • Child labour, trafficking. • STDs and HIV/AIDs • Heavy domestic work including
commuting long distances to collect fire wood/ drinking water
• Unpaid and unrecognized work, and drudgery
• No voice either in Home or society
SITUATION OF GIRL CHILD
- There are practices of sex selection, foeticide and infanticide hence there is denial of female birth and life
- There is a deep-rooted gender discrimination against girl child
- Cultural beliefs and practices permeate into every aspect of the growing girl’s social and cultural environment
- Girl child has biological advantage and social disadvantage
- Girls are made to accept the norms of male dominated society and considered inferior to boy
- Denial or discrimination of opportunities
- Deprived of her childhood and compelled into early marriage and child bearing
- Girls nutritional intake is inferior in quality and quantity
- There is less enrolment and high drop-outs among girls
- Girls are more susceptible to violence and crimes – sexual abuse, child prostitution and trafficking, rape
- Discrimination life conditions place them at greater risk of health and over all development
- Girls are socialise for subjugation and subordination
- Girls assume domestic responsibility at early age
- Girl child in difficult situation is disadvantaged on account of poverty, gender and circumstances
GIRLS IN DIFFICULT CIRCUMSTANCES
Girl child with disabilities
Street & working girl child
Destitutes & orphans
Child abuse and neglect
Child prostitutes – trafficking
Girl child victim of violence
Juvenile delinquents
Slum and migrant children
Parents in extreme poverty
Children of prostitutes
Children of women prisoners
Children with hiv & aids
Girl children in trauma – man made and natural dissaster
Child mother/early marriage/forced pregnancy
VIOLENCE AGAINST GIRLS
“Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to results in , physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivations of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life.”
FACTORS THAT PERPETUATE VIOLENCE
SOCIO-CULTURAL
Gender – specific socialization Cultural definitions of appropriate sex
roles Expectations of roles within
relationships Belief on the inherent superiority of
males
Values that give men proprietary rights over women and girls
Notion of the family as the private sphere and under male control
Customs of marriage (bride price / dowry)
Acceptability of violence as a means to resolve conflict
Portrayal of negative image in media
LEGAL
Laws regarding divorce, child custody, maintence and inheritance
Low levels of legal literacy among women
Lesser legal status of women either by written law and / or by practice
Insensitive treatment of women and girls by police and judiciary
PSYCHOLOGICAL MALTREATMENTDefinition
Psychological Neglect - the consistent
failure of a parent or caretaker to
provide a child with appropriate
support, attention, and affection.Psychological Abuse - a chronic pattern
of behaviors such as belittling, humiliating, and ridiculing a child.
PHYSICAL ABUSE
Physical abuse is any non-accidental injury to a child under the age of 18 by a parent or caretaker. These injuries may include beatings, shaking, burns, human bites, strangulation, or immersion in scalding water, with resulting bruises and welts, broken bones, scars, burns, retinal hemorrhage, or internal injuries.
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE Definition
Child sexual abuse is the exploitation
of a child or adolescent for the sexual
gratification of another person.
SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND ABUSE
Rape Molestation Pornography Incest Exposure to Sexual Acts of others Sexual Assault with object Forcible Fondling Trafficking Juvenile Prostitution Sexual Harassment / Eve teasing Sex with minor (child marriage)
CONSEQUENCES OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE:
Sexually transmitted diseases. Vaginal or rectal injuries. Miscarriages, stillborn babies,
premature birth. Low self esteem Depression Fear Anxiety
PSYCHOLOGICALSymptoms of depression: low self-esteem; self-containment; neglected appearance; consider suicidal options or
attempts to take her own life;
anorexia of bulimia (i.e. pathological refusal to have a meal of pathological overeating);
taking alcohol or drugs; insomnia; psychosomatic diseases fits of uneasiness; feeling of helplessness; weeps frequently;
indecisive behavior; avoids meeting eyes. loss of contacts with family
members and friends (sense of being isolated).
poverty (sometimes as a result of financial tricks of her partner).
obsessive fear. alienation from her children or even
hostility towards them.
TRAFFICKING Recruitment transportation are
receipt of women and girl through deception or coercion for the purpose of prostitution other sexual exploitation or forced labour.
VULNERABILITIES TO TRAFFICKING Feminization of Poverty Poverty of parent Lack of employment opportunities Lack of unequal access to education Traditional community attitude Debt and bondage of parents False promises and deception Commercialization and agriculture Love of livelihood Gender based socialization
Caste and tribal social system Domestic – violence Low level of confidence and self worth Death of parents Lack awareness and laws Street children with no guardians Single women – migrant worker Sudden disaster victim – cyclone, earth
quakes and floods Stigmatization – girls raped, adorned
TRENDS IN TRAFFICKING
Growing scope and magnitude New source and destination Diverse and sophisticated mechanisms Highly organised crime syndicates Changes in the portico of trafficked
persons. Extended linkage between trafficking
network and political networks Increasing profits with little risk gross human
rights violation for capital accumulation.
ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM
Victims of domestic violence requiring assistance often face their problems alone without any support from their relatives or neighbors
Institutional and legal systems should be more efficient response to cases of domestic violence.
There are few organizations providing social, housing, legal, and psychological assistance to victims of violence; lack of programs for self-assistance and self-defense for victims of domestic violence.
combating domestic violence and of providing assistance to victims.
Lack of modern empirical diagnostics and practical knowledge essential for better
understanding and combating the phenomenon of domestic violence.
The level of public stereotypes concerning domestic violence complicates preventing this violence and solving related problems.
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STRATEGIES FOR PROMOTION OF ADOLESCENT HEALTHA =ADOPTION OF HEALTHY LIFE STYLE
D=DEVELOP APPROPRIATE I.E.C. STRATEGY DISCOURAGE EARLY MARRIAGE AND TEENAGE PREGNANCY
O=ORGANIZE ADOLECENT/ YOUTH FRIENDLY CLINIC
L=LIFE SKILL EDUCATION , LEGAL SUPPORT, LIASIAN WITH PEERS , PARENTS
E=EDUCATE ABOUT SEXUALITY,SAFE SEX,SPIRITUALITY,RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD
S=SAFE, SECURE AND SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT TO BE PROVIDED
C=COUNSELLING / CURRICULM IN SCHOOL INCUSIVE OF FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION E=ENABLE &EMPOWER FOR RESPONSIBLE CITIZENSHIP
N=NETWORKING FOR EXPERIENCE SHARING
T=TRAINING FOR INCOME GENERATION,TEEN CLUBS
Risk Factors
There's pressure to fit in socially, to perform academically, and to act responsibly.
There's the awakening of sexual feelings, a growing self-identity, and a need for autonomy that often conflicts
with the rules and expectations set by the society
Providing help • Make sure your child has someone he can confide in. If
your teen feels you don't understand, suggest a more neutral person - a grandparent, a spiritual person, a coach,
a school counselor, or your child's doctor. • Don't minimize or discount what your child is going
through. This will only reinforce his sense of hopelessness. • Take your child's behavior seriously. Three quarters of all
people who attempt suicide have given some type of warning to loved ones.
• Always express your love, concern, and support.
• Don't postpone seeing a doctor. Your child should be evaluated for depression so that treatment can begin immediately.
• Express to your child that with help he will begin to feel better and that his problems can be overcome.
• If you think your child is suicidal, get help immediately.
• Your child's doctor can refer you to a psychologist or psychiatrist.
Tips for Parenting During AdolescenceEducate Yourself
Read books about adolescence.
Think back on your own. Remember your struggles with acne or your embarrassment at developing early - or late.
Expect some mood changes in your typically sunny child, and be prepared for more conflict as s/he finds her way as an individual. Parents who know what's coming can cope with it better. And the more you know, the better you can prepare your child.
Talk to Your Child Early Enough
Talking about menstruation or wet dreams after they've already started means you are too late. Answer the early questions your child has about bodies, such as the differences between boys and girls and where babies come from. Don't overload your child with information - just answer their questions.
Put Yourself in Your Child's Place
Practice empathy with your growing child.
Help your child understand that it's normal to be a bit concerned or self-conscious.
Tell your child it's OK to feel grown up 1 minute and like a little child the next. "Use helpful phrases like
'Yes, this is a difficult time' and ‘I know you might feel confused' and 'It's all right, and we'll all get through it,' "
Inform Your Adolescent - and Stay Informed
Adolescence is often a time of experimentation, and sometimes that experimentation includes risky behaviors.
Don't avoid the subjects of sex and drug, alcohol, and tobacco use;
discussing these things openly with your child before she is exposed to them
The discussion increases the chance that your child will act responsibly when the time comes.
Know the Warning SignsA certain amount of changes may be normal in
adolescence, but too drastic a switch in a child's personality or
behavior may signal real trouble. Watch out for one or more of these warning signs:
Extreme weight gain or loss Sleep problems
Rapid, drastic changes in personality Sudden change in friends
Skipping school continually Falling grades
Talk or even jokes about suicide Symptoms of tobacco, alcohol, or drug use
Conclusion
Adolescence as we see is a phase of intense change and through up in its wake a gamut of peculiar problems.
Problems are multifarious of mind boggling proportion, we can not sit idle and chose to ignore this ever increasing crisis, we the parents needs to know how to deal with this challenge.
Even if children do not listen to parents, most of time they inadvertently imitate parental behavior.
Parents should be able to offer a loving relationship A balance of excess and deprivation.
Love grows best when given and received Hugging will give your child immense feeling of
security.
Conclusion
Communication-human race has exquisite ability of being able to communicate with each other by language and gesture
Adolescents get a feeling of loved when communicated in words and actions by their parents
The magic of touch: a soft pat on back will quite a disturbed adolescent
Appropriate discipline: appropriate ways of human behavior should be demanded by the parents
A vast number of complex interacting factors ,which include genetic factors, parental attitude, family atmosphere, the peers & friends effect of social change all decide “Personality of the adolescence”
Thank You!
THE CHALLENGES ARE THERE BUT POTENTIAL IS FAR GREATER