A Presentation on

A PRESENTATION ON

Presented by Swarna dey

Social forestry is a concept that ensure ecological, economic and social benefits. It broadly refers to the management of forests by local communities to achieve various environmental, social and development goals, including climate change mitigation and adaptation, food security, nutrition and livelihood support. Social forestry has an intense relationship with environment and climate change.Its main goal is to reduce poverty through the maintenance of ecological balance and reducing environment pollution for the improvement of nature. As the climate change, that refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on earth is increasing day by day, it has become an alarming problem of the whole world. The pollutions in our surrounding environment is also increasing at a very high rate, which needs to be neutralized immediately. However, enormous potential exists for social forestry to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation as well as to meeting the basic needs of local communities and sustainable forest management.

Dependency on Forest

Fruits Animals and Crops

Shifted to river valley for more production Primitive Age ( Communism)FoodShelterHorticulturePasture (private property)Agrarian Society (private property)Civilization & UrbanizationIndustrialization

Deforestation Effects of IndustrializationEcological ImbalanceEnvironment and Climate Change

Environment Pollution(Air,Water,Soil,Sound)

*Impact of environmental change * Mitigation of negative impacts * Interviews on Adaptation * Global steps * Local Steps * Individual Steps Environment And Climate ChangeAdaptationBalanceSocial ForestryEcological BalanceClimate Change Mitigation

Impacts of Environment and Climate Change

Rise in the surface temperature.Increasing sea level as a result of ice-cap melting.Natural disasters such as flood,drought,cyclone,tornado etc.Salinity.Reduction in agricultural production.Desertification.

Major Points to Mitigate the Negative Impacts of Climate Change 1. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.2. Increase the area of forestry.3. Protection of social forestry.4. Increase the perceived and actual value of forestry.5. Promote sustainable sociological management.6. Strengthen government and non-government policies.7. Increase forest rights.8. Bio fuel plantation and substitution through wood products.9. Forest restoration.10.Increase investment in research, education and extension.11.Emphasize on the recycling of waste products.

Findings from the InterviewsBecause of urbanization many roadside trees are being cut down. For example, to construct fly over bridge many trees were cut down in Rampura.Temperature is increasing day by day and the changing climate is creating many diseases such as cough, asthma, fever, chest pain, skin problems etc.Many people have less knowledge about environmental pollution. As a result they do not hesitate to throw garbage beside the road instead of dustbin.Because of insufficient land or place for forestry in urban areas people should emphasize on homestead forestry or plant small plants in their home.

Climate Change Adaptation The climate change adaptation framework creates the strategic direction and process for ongoing adaptation to the impacts of climate change :Changes in land use and relocationAfforestation , open space preservationTree Plantation Campaign: Organizing awareness rising programmes.

Mangrove forests protectionNatural resources protectionInfrastructure Protection: Practices of green infrastructureGardening on the roofCommunity engagement

Climate Change Adaptation

Green Infrastructure

Global Steps for preventing climate change and maintaining environment balanceGlobal Steps for preventing climate change and maintaining environment balance

The developed and the developing countries are showing very much of concern about the rapid change of the world's climate.The United Nations are having a yearly conference on the climate change since 1995.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty negotiated at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janerio from 3 to 14 June 1992, then entered into force on 21 March 1994.

The UNFCCC objective is to "Stabilize Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system."

Since the very first convention in Berlin, 1995 various steps had been taken by the UNFCCC. Such as, ->>In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was concluded and established legally binding obligations for developed countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in the period 2008-2012. ->>The 2010 Cone`un agreements state that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 C (3.6 F) relative to the pre-industrial level. ->>In 2015, the Paris Agreement was adopted, governing emission reductions from 2020 on through commitments of countries in ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions

Along with this, FAO is also working with countries to tackle Climate Change through sustainable forest management. Forests are, of course, managed not only for climate change, but for multiple, usually complimentary, objectives : >>production of goods, >>protection of soil, >>water and other environmental services, >>conservation of biodiversity, >>provision of socio-cultural services, >>livelihood support and >>poverty alleviation.

How FAO supports countries to Increase CARBON Sequestration BY Forests & TreesAround 13 million hectares of forest were converted to other uses or lost through natural causes each year between 2000 and 2010. The world has an estimated 850 million hectares of degraded forests, which could potentially be restored and rehabilitated to bring back lost biodiversity and ecosystem services, and, at the same time, contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Forest management practices that increase carbon sequestration include: >>afforestation, reforestation and forest restoration; >>increase of tree cover through agroforestry, >>urban forestry and tree planting in rural landscapes; >>enhancement of forest carbon stocks (in both, biomass and soils) and >>sequestration capacity through the modification of forestry management practice

Governmental Steps for Mitigating Climate Change and Maintaining Ecological Balance

The world is now facing various severe impacts of climate change and environmental imbalance. Specially, Southeast Asia is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Governments can introduce and conduct the following social forestry activities : 1.Participatory Plantation2. Village Afforestation3. Private nursery establishment4.Institution Plantation 5.Homestead Plantation6. Jhumia Rehabilitation7.Seedling distribution at low cost8.Social Forestry Training9.Participatory sal coppice management10.Participatory management of National park and Wildlife sanctuary

The following social forestry models and Technologies can be adopted and introduced by the governments :

1. Feeder road Plantation2. Roads and high ways Road Plantation3. Embankment Plantation4. Rail road Plantation5 . Woodlot Plantation6. Riverine islands Plantation7. Foreshore Plantation8. Canal bank plantation

#Governments can launch tree plantation caampaigns all over the country and raise awareness among people regarding the necessity of their active participation in social forestry.

Individual Steps for the Mitigation of Climate Change & Maintaining Ecological Balance Individual efforts across the globe is necessary in the task of planting trees and the expansion of forestry for mitigating climate change and maintaining ecological balance. Steps that can be taken at the individual level for the mitigation are given in the following:

Farmers can try to plant trees at their farming fields and leave no free space idle. Rural people should try to plant trees wherever it is possible.

2. Officials and staffs of various offices and business associations can plant trees within the premises of their offices if possible.

3. School, college and university students can plant trees in the premises of their institutions and campuses.

4.Families living in flats in the urban areas can plant trees in the balconies and rooftops of their houses.

5. Forest management by local communities and indigenous people can contribute a lot in climate mitigation, they have secure rights over forests and other resources, and are able to use those resources not only to diversify and strengthen their livelihoods but also to maintain the ecological balance and saving the environment.

(Source: Social Forestry in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation, The Center for People and Forests)

References: www.pollutionpollution.com

Social Forestry in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation, The Center for People and Forests

www.fao.org/forstry

Strategic framework for forests and climate change. Collaborative Partnership on Forests, 2008

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