soot free urban bus fleets in lagos - opportunities and challenges

Soot-Free Urban Bus Fleets in Lagos – Opportunities and Challenges

PRESENTATION BY

OLUKAYODE TAIWO

LAGOS METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSPORT AUTHORITY @ ACHIEVING CLEAN BUSES FLEET: INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

ECOMOBILITY SEMINAR, JOHANNESBURG

OCTOBER 5 2015

Lagos, Nigeria

• Lagos is the most populous city in Africa – over 20 million inhabitants

• Bigger in population than 23 countries in Africa – Benin Rep., Mali, Botswana etc.

• Hub of nation’s economic, commercial and industrial activities.

• Contributes 20% of Nigeria’s GDP• Larger economy than Ivory coast, Ghana,

Madagascar etc.• 45% of nation’s skilled manpower reside in

the city.

The Mega City

Transport Challenges

Chronic traffic

congestion

Uneven urban growth and

development

Inadequate transport

infrastructure

Inadequate regulatory public

transport framework Limited

alternatives to vehicular

transportation

Lack of sufficient high capacity vehicles for

public transport

Contributes to Air & Noise pollution in

Lagos

Lagos, Nigeria Demand for trips in Lagos Metropolitan Area by all modes (including

walking) was ~22million per day. Walk trips accounted for 40% of total trips in Metropolitan Lagos. About 97% of all transit in Lagos are done by road.

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Observed travel demand patterns

Danfo (Minibus) 72%

Car 19%

Regulated bus 2%

BRT 2%

Motorcycle 2%

Water 2%Rail 1%

Passengers Carried

Source: LAMATA Strategic Transport Master Plan

Danfo (Minibus) 24%

Car 57%

Regulated bus 2%

BRT 1%

Motorcycle 16%Road SpaceUsage

Roads99.8%

Others0.2%

22%

45%

8%

13%

12%

Total CO2 emissions from fuel combustion by sectors

Electricity and heat productionTransportManufacturing & ConstructionOther sectorsOther energy industry own use

Nigeria

Source: IEA

Environmental Impact

In 2011, Nigeria had the fourth highest CO2 emission from fuel combustion in Africa after South Africa, Egypt and Algeria respectively.

The transport sector, with a 45% share, was the largest contributor to a nationwide CO2 emission from fuel combustion of 52.8 million tonnes that year.

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The Lagos Air Quality Monitoring Study (2007-2009) revealed that vehicles contribute approximately 43% to the total level of air pollution in Lagos.

Over a quarter of the transport sector contribution to CO2 emissions in Nigeria comes from Lagos alone.

The emission factors for many Nigerian vehicles are close to the Euro 2 Standards, which is 3 to 4 times greater than European values.

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LagosEnvironmental Impact


Below is a breakdown of emissions per vehicle category:

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Daily Average CO2 Emissions in Lagos

*HD – Heavy Duty; MD – Medium Duty; LD – Light Duty; PC – Passenger Car; P&D – Petrol and Diesel*

MotorcyclePC Petrol

PC P&DPC Diesel

TaxiDanfo (Minibus)

Coaster BusBRT Bus

LD TruckMD TruckHD Truck

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Daily Average CO2 Emissions for each Vehicle Category

CO2 (g/km)

Source: LAMATA GHG Emissions Handbook


However, in actual terms, the emission per passenger is lower for vehicles with high occupancy rates (e.g – Buses)

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Daily Average CO2 Emissions in Lagos

*HD – Heavy Duty; MD – Medium Duty; LD – Light Duty; PC – Passenger Car; P&D – Petrol and Diesel*

MotorcyclePC Petrol

PC P&DPC Diesel

TaxiDanfo (Minibus)

Coaster BusRail

BRT BusLD Truck

MD TruckHD Truck

0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00 800.00 900.00 1000.00

Daily Average CO2 Emissions per Passenger by Vehicle Category (Passenger Carbon footprint)

CO2 (g/km)

Source: LAMATA GHG Emissions Handbook

CO2 Emissions in LagosEnvironmental Impact

By the year 2032, CO2 emissions by the transport sector in Lagos are estimated to exceed 15 Million tonnes per annum if measures are not put in place to curtail it.

9 Source: LAMATA GHG Emissions Handbook

2008 2012 2032 BAU0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

0

2500

5000

7500

10000

Without Implementing Strategic Transport Master Plan (STMP)

Auto Passenger Transit PassengerAuto CO2 Emissions Transit CO2 Emissions

The Big Moves in Lagos towards a Sustainable Urban Transport System

Develop a fully integrated mass rapid transit system to cover activity centers identified Strategic Transport Master Plan (STMP) of the mega city region

Six Rail Lines ─ One Monorail Line 16 BRT Routes ─ Over 20 water routes Key road projects

Introduce a common ticketing system to aid integration of public transport modes.

Develop the waterways transport network to integrate with Rail and BRT.

Develop a ring road around Metropolitan Lagos to take pressure away from the mainland.

Use of ITS technology to optimize the transport network.10

CO2 Emissions in Lagos

2008 2012 2032 BAU0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

0

2500

5000

7500

10000

Without Strategic Transport Master Plan (STMP)

Auto PassengerTransit PassengerAuto CO2 EmissionsTransit CO2 Emissions

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2008 2012 2032 STMP0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

0

2500

5000

7500

10000

With Strategic Transport Master Plan (STMP)

Auto Passenger Transit PassengerAuto CO2 Emissions Transit CO2 Emissions

• Execution of projects within the STMP will result in an emission level less than 8 Million tonnes per annum, which represents over 50% reduction in emissions from the 2032BAU level.

Source: LAMATA GHG Emissions Handbook; *BAU – Business As Usual; *STMP – Strategic Transport Master Plan


12Financing/Working with

Manufacturers Lagos State government commenced

discussions with Nigerian Independent Petroleum Company (NIPCO) on conversion of some diesel buses to CNG

Only about 5000 vehicles use CNG as fuel in Nigeria since the inception of the project in 2009

CNG buses is already in use at Benin city, Edo State of Nigeria

LAMATA is proposing five CNG buses on its BRT corridor for test run. Only about 500 vehicles run on CNG in Lagos

13Key barriers and

challenges to date Nigeria is a gas-rich country, usage of CNG will

help reduce Governments’ dependence on the importation of refined products

However, use of CNG powered buses is still at infancy in the country

Lack of political will to support investment in the use of CNG to power vehicles

The moderate achievement in this regard is from few private investors

14Key barriers and

challenges to date The cost of conversion and availability of gas

are some of the major challenges of this scheme

Cost of conversion to become CNG compatible cost between $1000 and $1,500

15Next Steps

It is believed that a policy direction from the Central government could accelerate use of CNG to power vehicles in Nigeria.

Advocacy from UNEP and groups such as this to create awareness that CNG powered vehicles as economical, safer, flexible and eco-friendly

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Thank You