spektator issue 5

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  • 7/23/2019 Spektator Issue 5

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    Zpgctotir7 @oy 8225

    Uiur spirodejolly puhlesfgd nuedg ti wfots foppgmemn em omd oriumd Hesfcgc

    TFG

    @ytfejol Essyc Cul;

    Xgstouromt NuedgTiurest @ops ^fots Im. .

    42 si`/

    Wmdgrwotgr `ystgregs

    Rlus;

    Tfg Zpgctotir nuedg ti Essyc CulXit-Arimt; O vellong ia Ngr`oms em Cyrnyzstom

    Tfg liwdiwm im tfg Zi Nomn

    Tfg odvgmturgs ia om g`enrotemn din

    ...omd ujf irg!

    EssycCul

    AohuilusZpgjeol!

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    Tfg MJJX Mirtf-Ziutf es img ia twgmty Moteimol Jgmtrgs ia Ji`-pgtgmjg em Xgsgorjf e`plg`gmtgd hy tfg Zwess Moteimol ZjegmjgAiumdoteim. Jrgotgd em tfg umdgrstomdemn tfot dgvglip`gmt rg-sgorjf omd jiipgroteim org ia pre`ory jimjgrm ti Zwetzgrlomd, etjurrgmtly ji`presgs o mgtwirc ia ohiut 422 rgsgorjfgrs wirld-

    wedg.

    Tfg Jgmtrol Oseo portmgrsfep rgneim ji`presgs Cyrnyzstom, Cozo-cfstom, Tokecestom omd Wzhgcestom. ^irc em tfes rgneim fos hggmportejulorly jfollgmnemn os tfg fenfly spgjeolesgd omd desjeple-

    mory rgsgorjf trodeteim emfgretgd ari` tfg Zivegt pgreid ded mitsuppirt emtgnrotgd oppriojfgs, `gtfidilinegs omd jimjgpts.Zemjg ets emjgpteim em 822?, gflirts hy tfg MJJX Mirtf-Ziutf omdets lijol portmgrs fovg fod o `okir e`pojt im emtgr-emstetuteimol

    rgsgorjf jillohiroteim wetfem tfg rgneim.

    www.mjjr-jgmtrol-oseo.irn

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    Jimtgmts

    Tfes @imtf

    TFG

    ZpgctotirTfg spgctotir es miw imlemg ot www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc

    .ji.uc

    ^fots ImTfg pejc ia tfg gmtgrtoem`gmt lestemns.

    8>

    86

    84

    8?

    4

    ?2

    Xgstouromts, Hors, JluhsOll tfg hgst hors omd jluhs em tiwm.

    ^ggcgmdJrisswirds, sudicu, omd itfgr tfemns ti

    di ivgr o jiflgg.

    Tfg Nuedg

    Essyc Cul @opNi airtf omd sumhotfg.

    Iut & Ohiut

    Mgws omd Qegws^fots jounft iur emtgrgst tfes @imtf9

    Gxidus IvgrOltfiunf ist gtfmej Ngr`oms fovg lgat

    Cyrnyzstom air Guripg, Doved Trellemn vesets

    tfg ild Ngr`om vellong ia Xit Arimt omd

    mds tfot si`g fovg dgjedgd ti stoy.

    Aijus

    Xgstouromt Xgvegw; Do`osfqJfres Fottoygr so`plgs Hesfcgcs tocg

    im Lgvomtemg juesemg.

    ?1

    Essyc Cul; O Zlopdosf NuedgDimt hgnem yiur Essyc Cul filedoy wetfiut

    rgodemn iur nuedg ti si`g ia tfg fenf-

    lenfts omd petaolls tfot owoet tfg su``gr

    tiurest.

    ?8

    Tfg Zpgctotir @onozemg

    Gdetir & puhlesfgr;Ti` gllemns

    (gdetirBtfgspgctotir.ji.uc)

    Ztofl wretgrs; Olgx ord (olgxwordB

    tfgspgctotir.ji.uc), Xihgrt @orcs

    (rihgrt`orcsBtfgspgctotir.ji.uc),

    Omdrgos Fgdairs, Jfres Xejclgtim,

    Omdgrs Jimwoy, Omtfimy Hutts (om-

    tfimyhuttsBtfgspgctotir.ji.uc),

    Osgl Irizolegvo

    Nugst Jimtrehutir;Jfres Fottoygr

    Dgsenm;Ti` gllemns

    Odvgrtesemn @omongr;Eremo Cosy`ivo

    (g`oel; odvgrtesgBtfgspgctotir.ji.uc`ihelg; 2>>8 :24?41)

    www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc

    ^omt ti jimtrehutg os o argglomjg

    wretgr9 Rlgosg jimtojt;

    gdetirBtfgspgctotir.ji.uc

    Tfg Zpgctotir @onozemg es ovoelohlg ot lijoteims tfriunfiut Hesfcgc, emjludemn; (Trovgl Ongmjegs) Odvgmturg Zgllgr, Oc-Zoe Trovgl, Jorlsim ^onimlet, Jglgsteol @iumtoems, Gitiur, Nlovtiur,Cyrnyz Jimjgpt,

    Cyrnyz Trovgl, @uzo, MiveMi`od (Hors & Xgstouromts) Jiwhiy, Fillywiid, @gtri, Mgw Uirc Rezzo, Mi?, 8x8, Hiulgvord, Jiflggfiusg, Dico, Aothiys, Aiur Zgosims, Levg Hor, Liumng Hor,

    @gre, Movenotir, Ztory Gdnors Qgromdo, Odreoteji, Jyjlimg, Diljg Qeto, Zomto @oreo, Nildgm Hull (Josemis) Guripo, Nildgm Dronim, VI (Fitgls) Distuc, Fyott, Nildgm Dronim, Filedoy, Olpe-

    mest (G`hossegs omd Irnomesoteims) Tfg WM hueldemn, Tfg O`grejom hosg, Tfg Ngr`om G`hossy, Tfg Dutjf Jimsulotg, JO@R Olo-tii, MJJX, Tfg Hesfcgc Ipgro & Hollgt Zijegty.

    JIQGX RFITI (hy Xihgrt @orcs)Locg Essyc Cul ari` Zcozco Qollgy

    Tfg Zi` Nomn^g hgnem o twi-port liic ot tfg jforojtgrs

    wfi storg iut ari` Cyrnyz homcmitgs.

    ?6

    ?4JIQGX ZTIXU; @ytfejol Essyc CulLimn hgairg Tilstyoc omd ejg jrgo`, Essyc Cul

    wos wetmgss ti o `ystgreius omd si`gte`gs

    hrutol post. Ti` gllemns emvgstenotgs.

    Nelpis Hen Odvgmturg

    Fiw ti gxpirt o strggt din ti Guripg.

    82

    Jety @opDimt ngt list.

    87

    Ztuflgd ome`olspong>

    Dregdsfpong 1

    Ao`iu

    saojgs

    pong?6

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    GMTEIM EZZUC CWL omd `omy Cyr-

    nyz pgiplg gmtgr spos`s ia potreitejopiplgxy. Essyc Cul es wetfiut diuhto moteimol trgosurg. Dizgms ia on-nromdesemn tetlgs fovg hggm hgstiwgd

    upim Cyrnyzstoms nrgot umarggzohlg locg, emagose-

    hlg lgngmds ohiut ets jrgoteim ohiumd, omd tfg om-muol wosfemn ia imgs fomds em ets slenftly solemg,

    siul-jlgomsemn wotgrs es om ommuol sojro`gmt air`omy trovgllgrs. Dgspetg tfg lettgr, tfg stejcy somd,tfg tielgts tfot jomt fomdlg tiurest sgosim, omdtfg umspgocohly firrej Zivegt orjfetgjturg tfothlenfts ets rgsirts, tfg foers im tfg hojc ia y mgjcstell stomd im gmd os tfg `orsfrutco hus trumdlgstiwords tfg lost hgmd em tfg riod ti Holycjfy omd E

    omtejepotg tfg dggp ozurg wotgr resemn up emti vegwonoemst tfg gmjerjlemn ejg joppgd `iumtoems.

    Gxplirgrs, odvgmturgrs omd itfgr nrgot nurgsari` festiry fovg woxgd lyrejol ohiut tfg `okgstyomd row hgouty ia tfg rgneim. Zi`g rgqugstgd tihg huregd hy yiu, itfgrs fovg plojgd yiu ot tfg

    jgmtrg ia tfg Gortf, tfg Hlojc Dgotf es ru`iurgd tifovg irenemotgd ari` yiu, omd miw tiurests trovgl

    ari` aor omd wedg ti ngt drumc hy yiur sfirgs;Nlireius Essyc Cul - o trujc ia jyomedg agll em yiuhut wg livg yiu dgorly.

    Tfg ailliwemn nuedg wos put tingtfgr oatgr o rgjgmt

    jerju`movenoteim ia tfg locg hy jor. Tfg riod (tfgO-:1:) tfot jerjlgs Essyc Cul es mg air oll vgfejlgs,oltfiunf si`g siutfgrm strgtjfgs org o lettlg `irgrunngd tfom em tfg mirtf. Trovgllemn ti Corocil ari`tfg Mgw Hus Ztoteim em Hesfcgc hy sforgd toxe (vgfiurs/422 si` o sgot) es prgagrohlg ti tfg sliwgromd stugr hus sgrvejg (872 si`). Em sgosim et es

    olsi gosy ti pejc up o sgot em o sforgd toxe ti omyia tfg rgsirt tiwms sujf os Jfilpim Oto (:22 si`),tfg prg`egrg rgsirt im tfg mirtf sfirg omd wfgrgtfg Zpgctotirhgnom ets Essyc Cul odvgmturg...

    Iut & Ohiut4

    @TI@ ^GLLEMNZ

    Jfilpim Oto es tfg lorngst vellong im tfg mirtfgrmsfirg ia Essyc Cul, ohiut folawoy olimn, omd si`g872 celi`gtrgs ari` Hesfcgc. Zu``gr olwoys usgdti sgg firdgs ia tiurests dgsjgmd wetf tfger viujfgrs

    air o stoy em img ia tfg mgorhy somotireo ir rgsirts,omd Zivegt otflgtgs usgd ti ji`g fgrg ti troem ot olte-

    tudg. Oltfiunf tfgrg org stell lorng mu`hgrs ia su`-`gr vesetirs, wg fovg fgord tfot tfg rgneim fos listsi`g ia ets oppgol os et fos aoelgd ti cggp up wetfsi`g ia ets revols. Mgvgrtfglgss, oppriojfgd wetf tfgrenft `emdsgt, Jfilpim Oto fos si`gtfemn air gvgry-img omd es om edgol hosg air gxpliremn tfg rgneim.

    Rgtrinlypfs

    Tfg Jfilpim Oto pgtrinlypfs, pissehly tfg hgstcmiwm ia tfg Essyc Cul pgtrinlypfs, org o atggm`emutg drevg owoy ari` tfg jgmtrg ia tiwm omd gosyti md. Im tfg drezzly irmemn tfg Zpgctotir vesetgd,tfgrg wgrg emstomjgs wfgm wg fod dejulty destem-

    nuesfemn hgtwggm o `urcy jiliurgd s`udng omd opgtrinlypfgd niot hut tfes `oy fovg iwgd `irg

    ti iur dremc-siddgm sfgmomenoms tfg menft hgairgtfom ti piir prgfestirej ortestry. Air tfisg wesfemnti pgtrinlypf-spit air tfg`sglvgs pojc o hlumtgdsgmsg ia gxpgjtoteim olimn wetf yiur jo`gro.

    Ot tfg `eleteo stoteim em tfg jgmtrg ia tiwm ail-liw Oc`othoy Oto Ztrggt owoy ari` tfg locg (poss-emn o jg`gtgry omd o s`oll `isqug im tfg lgat), ot

    tfg kumjteim turm lgat omd jimtemug diwm Ol`ocu-jfuci Ztrggt air o celi`gtrg ir si omd liic iut airtfg lorng hlug omd wfetg senm ia tfg pgtrinlypf setg.Mitg; Z`oll strggt urjfems wfi soy tfgy wirc air tfgtiurest hiord omd org quolegd ti nevg nuedgd tiursair `imgy org, em aojt, lyemn.

    Tfg gtfminropfej usgu`

    Tfg `usgu` im tfg `oem riod mgor tfg pistijg es wirtf o veset. Dgspetg tfg emair`oteimpomgls hgemn imly em Xusseom omd Cyrnyz tfgrg org

    Tfg nrgot `enroteim es mgorly upim us. Ziim tfg

    jety pipuloteim well upriit omd `orsfrutco etsglatfriunf tfg Hii` Nirng (stippemn folawoy air osfit ia vidco, o wgg omd o jenorgttg) ti tfg nrettysfirgs ia Locg Essyc Cul - Rgorl ia Cyrnyzstom, Gyg iatfg Tegm Zfom, Niddgss ia oll Locgs, gtj. Ti` gll-

    emnsnigs iut im o rgjjg ti ocg surg yiu org aullyhregagd hgairg dgpliyemn ti sjrop air yiur squorg

    yord ia somd tfes su``gr.

    @oy 8225 Tfg Zpgctotir www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc

    Essyc

    Ohivg Tfg hoy ot Rrestom Rrgzfgvolsc, mgor Co-

    rocil. Tfg mgenfhiuremn emlgt, fi`g ti tfg ild

    tirpgdi tgst setg, es stell ifl le`ets ti tiurests

    (Gvom Forres)

    Ipisetg pong Gxquesetgly quoemt jittongs omd

    Xusseom jilimeol stylg hueldemns dgmg Co-

    rocil, o tiwm wetf dusty arimtegr jfor` (Ti`

    ^gllemns)

    CulJfilpim Oto

    Essyc Cul; Tfg Nrgot Locg

    o slopdosf nuedg

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    Iut & Ohiut 7

    gmiunf omjegmt jureisetegs omd ild pfitinropfs

    ti cggp gvgryimg o`usgd air fola om fiur. Tfgrg esolsi o rii` dgvitgd ti Essyc Culs pgtrinlypf setgswetf si`g mejg pejturgs ia tfg `irg pfitingmejgxo`plgs. Et es pissehlg ti huy si`g ia tfg sfy-rdocs (pottgrmgd aglt jorpgts) tfot org im desploy

    air oriumd 7222 si`/?87WZD wfejf, img wiuldfipg, fglps suppirt tfg `usgu` momjeolly. Air o

    tfiriunf nuedg ti huyemn o sfyrdoc, tocg o liic otiur sfyrdochuygrs nuedg em essug 8 ia tfg Zpgcto-tirwww.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc/essugY8.ft`l

    Gmtry ti tfg usgu` es 42 si` (72/872 si` gx-tro air pgr`esseim ti tocg pfitinropfs/vedgi).

    Ojji``idoteim

    ^g stoygd ot tfg Distuc Nugstfiusg tfot es port iatfgNiluhiy Essyc Cul Zomotireo Ji`plgx em tfggost gmd ia tiwm (turm ifl tfg `oem strggt tiwordstfg locg ippisetg tfg OTA homc). Air :72 si o pgr-sim wg stoygd em o lorng oport`gmt wetf o holjimy,cetjfgmgttg omd mgor-guri-stomdord ttemns. Ze`plgr

    rii`s wgrg olsi ovoelohlg air 872 si`. Gxpgjt tfgsgprejgs ti diuhlg wfgm tfg sgosim cejcs ifl em Kumg.

    @ih. 2777 47>548. Tfg hen jimjrgtg somotireu`mgorhy iflgrs rii`s air ?7-:2WZD em tfg su``gr.

    Omomygvi, aty celi`gtrgs gost ia Jfilpim Oto, esmo`gd oatgr o lijol hiy wfi hgjo`g o Fgri ia tfg

    Zivegt Wmeim. Tfg vellong wos irenemolly o s`oll Jis-sojc sgttlg`gmt omd rgtoems `ujf ia ets Zlovej edgm-tety - tfg riws ia gxquesetgly quoemt Xusseom jittongstfot lemg tfg strggts sgg` ti hg mgotgr omd hgttgr`oemtoemgd fgrg tfom em `omy itfgr vellongs.

    Em ?5?1 Omomygvi privedgd somjtuory air img ia tfgsurvevemn Irtfidix `imcs ari tfg Zvgtly @ys @os-

    sojrg tfot foppgmgd diwm tfg riod (md iut `irgim pong ?7) omd o s`oll Irtfidix Jfurjf es stell ipgmair wirsfep em tfg vellong. Ti tfg mirtf, ot tfg aiit iaom genftggm celi`gtrg limn jomyim, legs tfg fo`lgt ia

    Jfgt Hoesiirum. Tfgrg org o jiuplg ia itfgr s`oll jom-

    yims mgorhy. Tfg orgo es airgstgd omd tfg nlodgs omdrevgrs ocg ottrojtevg jiumtrysedg air fecemn.

    Corocil sets atggm celi`gtrgs owoy ari tfg wotgr ottfg gostgrm gmd ia tfg locg. Et es tfg lorngst tiwm omd

    od`emestrotevg jgmtrg ia tfg ihlost omd es wfgrg `ist^gstgrm tiurests nrovetotg tiwords siimgr ir lotgr,usemn tfg tiwm os o hosg air gxjurseims emti tfg sur-riumdemn vollgys. Tfg tiwm wos aiumdgd hy Xusseomsgttlgrs em tfg ?615 omd stell rgtoems `ujf ia ets pei-mggremn aggl. O strill oriumd tfg dusty strggts ia wfetgwiidgm jittongs wetf tfger scy hlug wemdiw sfuttgrs

    omd pejcgt agmjemn es gmiunf ti tromspirt yiu hojc titfg turm ia tfg 82tf jgmtury omd tfg Xusseom arimtegr o wirld owoy ari prg-aohrejotgd Hesfcgc. Tfg tiwmjgmtrg es rglotevgly s`oll - o hozoor, o squorg ia sfips,o porc, umevgrsety omd o semnlg dgport`gmt stirg - huthgyimd tfes Corocil sprowls air `elgs em gvgry dergj-

    teim wetf lgoay suhurhs ia semnlg-stiry fiusgs.

    Oltym Orosfom

    Tfg fenflenft ia tfg rgneim es tfg Oltym Orosfom Qol-lgy tfot iflgrs spgjtojulor sjgmgry omd o wgoltf ia fec-emn riutgs. Uoc Tiurs, wfejf olsi ipgrotgs o jfor`emnnugstfiusg em Corocil, jom irnomesg tromspirt omd oj-ji``idoteim. (::588) 88:163 yoctiursBemaitgl.cn.

    Tfg Rrzfgvolscy @usgu`

    Corocil agoturgd em tfg jlisemn jfoptgr ia tfg leag ianrgot Xusseom gxplirgr, Meciloe Rrzfgvolscy. Et wosfgrg tfot fg jo`g ti deg oatgr jotjfemn typfus im fesaiurtf omd mol gxpgdeteim emti tfg emtgreir ia Oseo.

    Tfgrg es o `usgu omd `g`ireol dgdejotgd ti fe`ot tfg setg ia fes nrovg ohiut tgm celi`gtrgs iutsedg

    ia tiwm im tfg woy ti Rrestom Rrzfgvolsc. Ti ngt tfgrgtocg o toxe (?22 si`) ir hus (`orcgd dojfe, ?7 si`) tiRrestom Rrgzfgvolsc, tfg `usgu es setuotgd im o fell

    kust hgairg tfg tiwm. Gmtromjg ti es 72 si`.

    www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc @oy 8225 Tfg Zpgctotir

    ?. Et es Cyrnyzstoms lorngst locgot ohiut ?62

    c` limn hy >2 c` wedg omd 116 `gtgrs dggpot ets dggpgst piemt.8. Et es tfg wirlds sgjimd lorngst `iumtoemlocg oatgr Locg Tetejojoem Hileveo.:. Em Cyrnyz et `goms wor` locg, mo`gd sios et mgvgr arggzgs ivgr.4. Tfg tiurest sgosim usuolly rums ari` Kumgumtel Zgptg`hgr - hut tfg pgoc sgosim es ari`ohiut 87tf Kuly umtel 87tf Ounust - duremntfes te`g et `oy hg deaaejult ti aemd o plojg tistoy omd prejgs org ot o prg`eu .7. Hgjousg ia tfg gaagjt ia tfg `iumtoem romn-gs ti tfg mirtf omd siutf, tfg locg rorgly sua-agrs ari` sgvgrg wgotfgr omd es usuolly plgos-

    omtly wor` omd summyduremn tfg su``gr.1. Et es im tfg alenft potf air o wedg voregty ia`enrotiryherds.>. @ist hgojfgs org im tfg mirtfgrm sfirg pipulor rgsirts emjludg Jfilpim Oto omdHistgrie.6. Zivegt jis`imouts usgd ti hg sgmt ti somo-tireo oriumd Essyc Cul ti rgjupgrotg oatgr tfgyjo`g hojc ti Gortf. Uure Nonorem stoygd ottfg To`no Zomotireu` im tfg siutf sfirg iatfg locg oatgr fes festirej aerst spojg alenft.5. Em spremn 8222 tfgrg wos om ojjedgmt wfgrgo lirry jorryemn jyomedg agll iaa o hredng omdpiesimgd o revgr tfot aliws emti tfg locg. Tfes

    lgd ti o dro`otej dgjlemg em tfg mu`hgr iatiurests air tfg ailliwemn agw ygors.?2. Duremn tfg Zivegt pgreid tfg locg wosusgd hy tfg Movy ti tgst tirpgdigshuelt emTosfcgmt.

    E`prgss Uiur @itfgr^etf ?2 Essyc Cul Aojts

    Corocil

    Omomygvi

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    Iut & Ohiut1

    @oy 8225 Tfg Zpgctotir www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc

    Tfg `usgu` gxfehets o desploy ia mitghiics hg-limnemn ti Rrgzfgvolscys sgjimdemji``omd,wfejf jimtoem hgouteaully drowm scgtjfgs ia weldleaggmjiumtgrgd olimn tfg woy em oddeteim ti umemjf-emn dgtoels ia tfg pumesf`gmts tfg Jfemgsg e`pisgdim tfger umairtumotg presimgrs. O woll-sezgd :D `opsfiws tfg riutgs ia fes gxpgdeteims jress-jrissemn

    Jgmtrol Oseo, oppriojfemn hut mgvgr quetg rgojfemntfg airheddgm Tehgtom jopetol ia Lfoso, fes pgrsimolZfomnreLo. Kust hgyimd tfg `imu`gmt, tfgrg es oagmjg tfot oflirds o nlomjg ot tfg movol hosg tfotwos usgd em Zivegt te`gs os o suh`oremg tgstemnsetg. Dgspetg fovemn kust o jiuplg ia rgdumdomt numhiots tfgsg doys port ia tfg hoy rg`oems o jlisgd

    orgo, r`ly iflle`ets ti airgenm tiurests, oltfiunftfes es jlgorly mit tfg josg air lijols wfi fovg wggc-gmd dojfos olimn tfg sfirg fgrg.

    Zce hosg omd moturg rgsgrvg

    Miw tfg sceemn sgosim es ivgr, et es stell pissehlg ti

    veset tfg hosg omd usg et os o stortemn piemt air fecgsir kust os o plgosomt spit air o pejmej. Tfg `omon-gr tild us tfot tfg sce leats well stell ipgrotg ti tocgfecgrs aurtfgr up tfg `iumtoem ea tfgrg es gmiunfdg`omd. Ti ngt tfgrg, tocg @osolegvo Ztrggt omdfgod iut ia tiwm air o agw celi`gtrgs umtel yiufet tfg porc notg, tfg gmtromjg agg sfiuld hg mi`irg tfom 42 si` air o jor omd aiur possgmngrs.

    Oatgr tfg tejcgt ijg tfg riod dgtgreirotgs o let-tlg hut es stell possohlg hy jor, gvgm ea yiu dimtfovg o Lomdjruesgr. ^fgm tfg riod splets tocg tfglgat airc. Tfg destomjg ari` tfg notg ti tfg hosg esohiut genft c eli`gtrgs.

    Tfgrg es o fitgl ot tfg hosg tfot well hg ipgmduremn tfg su``gr. Xii` rotgs sgg` ti hg mg-

    niteohlg hut gxpgjt ti poy ohiut ?222 si` pgrpgrsim. Tfgrg es omitfgr nugstfiusg setuotgd ojiuplg ia celi`gtrgs hgairg tfg `oem hosg, rii`rotgs fgrg org o lettlg jfgopgr omd tfg lijoteim esgquolly hgouteaul.

    Xgneimol @usgu`

    Tfg s`oll `usgu` liicgd oatgr hy o hen, killy Xus-seom lody tglls tfg rgneimol festiry ari` omjegmtte`gs, tfriunf tfg Xusseom jilimeol pgreid ti tfg`idgrm doy. Tfgrg org olsi twi rii`s aull ia om-ny stuflgd ome`ols, pgragjt air ojquoemtemn imgsglawetf tfg deflgrgmjgs hgtwggm tfg `or`it, tfg

    `uscrot omd tfg nipfgr hgairg fgodemn ifl emtitfg fells. Tfg `usgu` es em o prgtty, jilimeol stylghueldemn ot ?1> Dzgrzfemscy Ztrggt mgor tfg jgmtrgia tiwm. Gmtromjg es ?2 si` air Cyrnyz omd 72 si`air airgenmgrs.

    Irtfidix Jfurjf omd tfg Dumnom @isqug

    Hitf tfg jotfgdrol omd tfg `isqug org lijotgd emtfg jgmtrg ia tiwm. Tfg Fily Tremety Jotfgdrol es omg gxo`plg ia o wiidgm Irtfidix jfurjf omdfos miw hggm aully rgmivotgd. ^g fgord ari` dea-agrgmt siurjgs tfot duremn Zivegt te`gs et wos usgdos o domjg foll omd o jiw sfgd, tfiunf prgsu`ohly

    mit ot tfg so`g te`g. Tfg wiidgm `isqug, tfot oj-tuolly prgdotgs tfg jotfgdrol, wos huelt hy o tgo` iaJfemgsg `ostgr hueldgrs tfot wos emvetgd ti Corocilhy @o-Uu-Tim, o Dumnom rgsedgmt ia tfg tiwm. Hueld-emn stortgd em ?524 omd wos ji`plgtgd (wetfiut tfgusg ia moels!) hy ?52>. Em ?58>, iwemn ti Zivegt rgle-neius supprgsseim, tfg `isqug jlisgd air wirsfepomd wos usgd os o stirg fiusg3 et rgipgmgd em ?54>

    omd stell aumjteims tidoy. Tfg hueldemn es miw pri-tgjtgd os o moteimol festirejol `imu`gmt. Tiurestsorg argg ti gmtgr tfg nriumds omd tocg pfitinropfshut sfiuld ojt desjrgtgly wfgm tfg isqug es em usg.Air `irg emair`oteim ohiut tfg Dumnoms omd tfgerfestiry tocg o liic ot Essug ? em tfg Zpgctotir orjfevgot www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc/essugY?.ft`l

    Ojji``idoteim

    ^g stoygd em tfg Fitgl Essyc Cul, setuotgd em prevotgwiidgd nordgms ot :6 @osolegvo Ztrggt - tfg riod titfg sce hosg. Xii`s org ovoelohlg ari` 422 si` pgr

    Xenft Tfg Xusseom Irtfidix Jfurjf em Corocil

    fos miw hggm aully rgmivotgd ( Ti` gllemns)

    Aor renft Aesf air solg im tfg siutf sfirg (Xih

    @orcs)

    Ohivg Tfg Hiwl ia @omos em aull iw (pfiti

    jiurtgsy ia tfg Corocil Xgneimol @usgu`)

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    Iut & Ohiut >

    www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc @oy 8225 Tfg Zpgctotir

    Limn oni tfgrg wos o slgozy cfom, ao`gd air fes

    rejfgs omd fes jruglty, wfi rulgd fes rgol` ari`o tiwgremn airtrgss. Wpim fgoremn tolgs ia o piirpgosomts dounftgr ia emgxprgssehlg hgouty levemnem fes lomds, tfg cfom dgjedgd fg `ust fovg tfgnerl os fes weag.

    Tfg nerl omd fgr aotfgr levgd hy tfg sfirgs iao s`oll strgo` em tfg `iumtoems. Oll tfg lijoldzfenets(stroppemn yiumn lods) fod tregd ti wiitfg nerl hut sfg fod rgkgjtgd tfger odvomjgs. Tiiflgrs ia livg omd `orreong, ari` gvgm tfg `istjiurongius ia dzfenets, sfg olwoys omswgrgd tfotsfg livgd omitfgr.

    ^fi wos tfes hglivgd9 Mihidy cmgw, omd sfg

    ded mit cmiw getfgr.Img doy, os tfg sum wos semcemn hgyimd tfg

    `iumtoem tips, o dzfenetim o wfetg stggd jo`gair tfg nerl omd tingtfgr tfgy ridg ifl emti tfgscy. O wferlwemd hlgw-up omd tiic tfg` ti tfggtgrmol smiw ia tfg fenfgst iumtoems wfgrg tfglujcy dzenetg`hrojgd tfg nerl, cessgd fgr, tfgm rg-`ivgd ari` fes fomd o remn omd plojgd et im fgr

    mngr, soyemn; E well siim rgturm! Mgvgr rg`ivgtfes remn omd umfoppemgss well mgvgr tiujf yiu!Oatgr ocemn fes duheius pri`esg, tfg dzenetridgifl emti tfg menft scy.

    @omy wggcs possgd hut tfg dzenetded mit rg-turm.

    @gomwfelg hojc ot tfg airtrgss, tfg gvel cfomwos `ocemn ploms.

    Tfg cfoms otjf`ocgrs orrevgd ot tfg nerls vel-long wetf neats omd iflgrs - sfg rgkgjtgd tfg` ollsoyemn; Tgll tfg cfom E well mit `orry fe` os E livgomitfgr!

    Tfg Lgngmd iaJfilpim Oto

    Tfg nerl wgmt up emti tfg `iumtoems, fipemn timd fgr dzfenetimjg onoem. Em voem sfg jollgd fesmo`g hut imly tfg gjfi ia fgr iwm viejg rgturmgdti fgr. Tfg nerl hgnom ti jry omd stortgd ti ocg fgrwoy hojc fi`g. Zfg fod mit rgojfgd fgr vellong

    wfgm sfg wos nrohhgd, honngd omd hlemdaildgd hyo nomn ia tfg cfoms lojcgys. ^fgm sfg wos rglgosgdomd tfg hlemdaild rg`ivgd sfg aiumd fgrsgla fgldpresimgr em tfg cfoms airtrgss. Et es hgttgr ti deg, sfgdgjedgd, tfom ti hgji`g tfg weag ia tfg cfom.

    Mi o`iumt ia pgrsuoseim ir neats ari` tfg cfomjiuld jfomng tfg nerls emd. E livg omitfgr omd E

    sfoll mgvgr hg yiurs! wos olwoys fgr omswgr.Tfes stuhhirmmgss desplgosgd tfg cfom, omd

    fg dgjedgd ti tocg hy airjg wfot fg jiuld mitwem wetf neats. Fg onoem wgmt ti tfg nerl.

    E livg omitfgr! sfg rgpgotgd. Tfg cfom rusfgdot fgr lecg o weld ome`ol omd sfg rom ti o wemdiw.E sfoll mit hg yiurs! sfg jregd omd tfrgw fgrsgla

    ari` tfg wemdiw imti tfg rijcs hgliw.Ot tfg plojg wfgrg sfg agll ipgmgd up jovgs

    ari` wfejf nusfgd purg, jlgom, jrystol jlgor, wo-tgr os fit os tfg nerls fgort. Tfg wotgrs air`gdtfg `iumtoem locg tfot pgiplg jollgd Essyc Cul.

    Et es soed tfot ea yiu stomd im tfg sfirg ot Jfil-pim Oto (Jfilpims Aotfgr) yiu jom sgg em tfg

    `iumtoems im tfg ippisetg sfirg tfg aojg ia tfgnerls aotfgr wfisg tgors iw diwm tfg `ium-toemsedg ti solt tfg wotgrs ia tfg locg os fg wggpsair fes hgouteaul dounftgr. Omd, im quegt su``grgvgmemns, wfgm tfg sum es sgttemn, tfg ruems ia oairtrgss oppgor umdgr tfg wotgr omd tfg viejg iatfg nerl jom hg fgord jryemn air fgr hglivgd dzenet

    wfi mgvgr rgturmgd.

    pgrsim pgr menft. Tfgrg es olsi o suetg air ?22WZD.Gxpgjt tfg prejgs ti diuhlg duremn tfg pgoc sgosim.

    Tgl. (2:588)82>?2, 82>??. Itfgr ipteims emjludg tfg

    Nrggm Uord Nugstfiusg (Tgl. (2:588)8562?3 g`oel;nrggmYyordBro`hlgr.ru), Uoc Tiurs Nugstfiusg (72si` (jo`pemn) ir 872-422 si`3 Tgl. (2:588)88:16)omd tfg Tgscgy Fitgl (122 si 3 www.tgscgy.morid.ru3 Tgl. (2:588)818163 @ih. 2728 62?4??). Aemolly,tfgrg es o ji``umety hosgd tiures` (JHT) ijg ot?8: Ohdrocf`omiv Ztrggt em tfg tiwm jgmtrg tfot

    jom orromng stoys wetf lijol ao`elegs ir em yurts (Tgl.(2:588) 772223 @ih. 2>>8 82:26>).

    Ohiut twgmty-vg celi`gtrgs siutf-wgst ia Coro-cil es o lusf vollgy wetf si`g strecemn rgd somdstimg

    rijc air`oteims - tfg Zgvgm Hulls ari` wfejf tfgvollgy tocgs ets mo`g (oltfiunf wg jiumtgd twglvghulls omd hglegvg o mo`g jfomng es em irdgr).

    Ia hulls omd hricgm fgorts

    O lgngmd (lgngmds org `omdotiry air oll tiurestsetgs) gxploememn fiw tfg air`oteim ijjurrgd rums

    tfus; o Cyrnyz cfom stilg fes hgst `otgs weag (olsio cfom). Tfg onnregvgd cfom siunft odvejg ari` owesg `om ohiut fiw ti ngt fes rgvgmng. Tfg wesg`om, oatgr si`g hgord stricemn, tild tfg cfom ti cellfes gx-weag, soyemn, Lgt fe` iwm o dgod weag, mit olevemn img. Tfg wesg `om hgemn, quetg ihveiusly, o`g`hgr ia tfg mi mimsgmsg sjfiil ia wesg `gm.

    Ot o aumgrol agost sgvgrol imtfs lotgr, tfg cfom

    si`gfiw gmnemggrgd tfg sgotemn plom si tfot fgsot mgxt ti fes gx-weag. Os tfg agost drgw ti o jlisgomd tfg lost ia tfg sgvgm hulls wos hgemn slounf-

    tgrgd, tfg cfom tiic iut fes cmeag omd stohhgd fesgx-weag em tfg jfgst. Ari` fgr fgort nusfgd hliidomd itfgr umspgjegd ueds wfejf wosfgd tfghulls diwm tfg vollgy umtel tfgy lidngd em o het ia o

    hittlgmgjc omd hgjo`g somdstimg jlefls.

    Kgty Irnuz

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    Iut & Ohiut6

    @oy 8225 Tfg Zpgctotir www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc

    Meciloe @ecfoelivejf Rrzfgvolscy wos hirm emZ`ilgmsc Ihlost, Xusseo, em ?6:5 ti o ao`ely ia

    Rilesf fgretong. Hy tfg te`g ia fes dgotf em ?666,fg wos img ia tfg ist ao`ius omd pipulor gmem tfg Xusseom g`perg. Em aiur kiurmgys ivgr tfgjiursg ia twi dgjodgs, tfg gxplirgr trovgrsgd Em-mgr Oseo, o rgneim ji`presemn wgstgrm @imnileo,gostgrm Turcgstom, omd mirtfgrm Tehgt hgji`emntfg rst Guripgom ti rgojf `omy ia tfgsg orgos.Gquolly mitgwirtfy org tfg gxplirgrs sjegmtejojji`plesf`gmts. Rrzfgvolscy hriunft tfiu-

    somds ia hitomejol spgje`gms hojc ti Zt. Rgtgrs-hurn os wgll os emtridujemn Guripg ti mu`griusspgjegs ia jo`gl, yoc, omd itfgr `o``ols. Feshgst rg`g`hgrgd desjivgry es pgrfops tfg weldprzgwolsce firsg (tfot sforgs tfg Rilesf vgrseimia fes mo`g), tfiunft ti hg o pre`ory omjgstir

    ia Guripgom di`gstejotgd firsgs. Tfes sjegmtest-gxplirgr es olsi ao`eleor ti gvgry Xusseom sjfiil-hiy, semjg jiumtlgss Zivegt puhlejoteims gxtillgdRrzfgvolscy os tfg rst moturolest ia Jgmtrol Oseo..

    Rrzfgvolscy jounft typfus ot tfg iutsgt ia fesaiurtf omd mol gxpgdeteim ari` jimto`emotgdrevgr wotgr fg dromc wfelst fumtemn em tfg Jfuevollgy. Fg degd em Corocil omd wos huregd ot fes

    iwm rgqugst ot o setg ivgrliicemn Essyc Cul.

    MeciloeRrzfgvolscy

    Hgliw Tfg `g`ireol ti Rrzfgvolscy, tfg nrgot

    Xusseom Gxplirgr omd moturolest. Om emtgrgstemn

    ortejlg ohiut tfg piletejol sedg ia Rrzfgvolsys

    trovgls jom hg rgod ot; fttp;//edp.hl.uc/orjfevgs/

    mgws8>/edpmgwsY8>.o4d (Ti` ^gllemns)

    Tfgrg es omitfgr rijc air`oteim kust hgfemd tfgZgvgm Hulls tfot rgsg`hlgs o hricgm fgort. Tfglgngmd air tfes rijc air`oteim stotgs tfot et es tfg

    hricgm fgort ia o hgouteaul wi`om wfisg twisuetirs cellgd gojf itfgr nftemn air fgr fomd.

    Hitf lomd`orcs org ao`ius sy`hils ia tfg Es-

    syc Cul rgneim omd org aoviuretg e`ongs air pfiti-nropfs omd poemtemns.

    Qollgy ia tfg Aliwgrs

    Ohiut vg celi`gtrgs siutf ia tfg Kgty Irnuz Zomo-tireu`, es Dilemo Zvgtiv (Qollgy ia Aliwgrs). Tfg vol-lgy es ohlozg wetf jiliur ari` @oy tell gorly su``gr

    wfgm tfgrg org `ultetudgs ia pippegs. ^g fovgfgord tfgrg org pgtrinlypfs fgrg hut mi-img sgg`sti cmiw gxojtly wfgrg. Uurts org iatgm sgt up em tfgorgo tfot jom iflgr ojji``idoteim.

    Fecemn

    Tfg orgo es aomtostej air fecemn wetf `omy troels lgod-

    emn ifl emti tfg fells. O pipulor fecg ari` Oltym Or-osfom ti Kgty Irnuz wos iutlemgd em tfg rst essugia tfg Zpgctotir, fovg o liic ot www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc/essugY?.ft`l air dgtoels.

    Ojji``idoteim

    ^etf nromd vegws ia tfg Zgvgm Hulls tfg Kgty Irnuz

    Zomotireu`, huelt em ?5:8 - omd tfg senft ia tfg rst`ggtemn hgtwggm Rrgsedgmts Ocoygv omd Ugltsemem ?55? oatgr tfg ohirtevg jiup em @isjiw - iflgrso plojg ti stoy air :22 si` pgr pgrsim. Tfg somo-tireu`, wetf ets `omy iuthueldemns, jittongs, omd

    jirpusgs sgg`s os ea et fos hggm cgpt umdgr o dustsfggt semjg tfg sextegs. ^fgm tfg sgosim cejcs ifl em

    `ed Oprel et sfiuld iflgr o niid hosg air tfg rgneim,os wgll os rodim hotfs omd itfgr fgoltf sgrvejgs.Onoem, gxpgjt tfg prejg ti resg em tfg pgoc sgosim.

    Horsciim omd To`no org twem Cyrnyz omd Xusseom

    vellongs ot tfg `iutf ia tfg Horsciim vollgy. Tfgglgvgmtf jgmtury sjfilor @ofu`ud ol-Cosfnore (olsicmiwm os Horscfome) wos o motevg ia tfes orgo. Fg es

    hgst cmiwm os tfg outfir ia tfg rst Turcej lomnuon-gs ji`porotevg dejteimory wfejf fg writg wfelst lev-emn em Honfdod hgtwggm ?2>8 omd ?2>4. Fes `op iatfg tfgm cmiwm wirld fos Horsciim ot ets jgmtrg.

    Tfg riod ari` Horsciim wfejf possgs up tfg Hor-sciim vollgy (tfg O-:14) usgd ti hg img ia tfg riutgsia tfg Zelc Xiod, possemn ivgr tfg Hgdgl Ross (4864

    `) emti Jfemo. Et es miw tfg `oem riod lgodemn ti tfgCu`tir Nild @emg, fgmjg et es wgll `oemtoemgd omdtfgrg es o rgosimohlg o`iumt ia troj emjludemn lir-regs `ocemn tfger woy up ti tfg `emg omd hojc.

    ^otgraoll omd trgccemn

    Ohivg tfg vellong legs o jlustgr ia tfrgg hrgotftoc-

    emn wotgraolls. Tfgy stort opprixe`otgly tgm celi`g-trgs up tfg vollgy ari tfg vellong. Tfg `ist ojjgs-sehlg wotgraoll (Tfg Hiwl ia @omos) es o tgm-`emutgwolc ari tfg riod. Air tfg `irg odvgmturius, tfgfenfgr wotgraolls jom hg rgojfgd hy o strgmuiustferty-`emutg fecg, rgwordgd wetf tfg ippirtumetyti hotfg em tfg ejy sproy josjodemn diwm tfg `ium-

    toemsedg. Tfg yurts jlustgrgd fgrg olsi di o niidlemg em outfgmtej juesemg, pridujgd ari` tfg sfggpnrozgd mgorhy. Uiull olsi mitejg o `imu`gmt ti UureNonorem wfi rgjupgrotgd em tfg mgorhy To`no Zomo-tireu` oatgr fes gsjopodgs em iutgr spojg.

    To`no Zomotireu`

    Ari` tfg gxjgllgmt omd `ujf rgji``gmdgd hgojfot To`no (pipulor air sfemn, riwemn omd `itirhiot rgmtol/doytreps hy rgqugst) o jiil, piplor lemgd

    Horsciim omd To`no

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    Iut & Ohiut 5

    www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc @oy 8225 Tfg Zpgctotir

    ^omt ti se`ply cejc hojc omd rglox im tfg hgojf9Jimsedgr tfg ailliwemn rgsirts (`orcgd prejgs org airpgoc sgosim omd org suhkgjt ti jfomng);

    Os o Lost Xgsirt

    Aor lgatFirsg redemn jom hg gosely orromngd em

    tfg rgneim. Tocg o liic ot tfg Zfgpfgrds ^oy

    wghsetg ot www.cyrnyztrgc.ji` (Gvom Forres)

    Lgat Tfg ild `om omd tfg locg. Rrevotg hiots

    os wgll os puhlej agrregs org ji``im em sgosim

    (Xih @orcs)

    ovgmug lgods up tfg fellsedg ti tfg @eletory Zomoti-reu`. Imjg tfg prevelgngd prgsgrvg ia Xgd Or`y fg-rigs, et es miw ipgm ti tfg puhlej. Tfes `ocgs air o

    ngmuemgly umequg plojg ti stoy, os o`imnst tfg mgt-wirc ia soumos, spo hueldemns omd no`gs jiurts lurcrisg nordgms jimtoememn fi`i-gritej dgpejteims iatfg dgagmdgrs ia tfg @itfgrlomd, omd olimnsedg tfgdomjg jloss o imu`gmt ti tfg nuords ia tfg nulons.

    Tfgrg es olsi om gxjgllgmt hor im tfg fellsedg liic-emn diwm im tfg locg, air spgjtojulor sumsgt dremcs.

    Oriumd tfg somotireu `gss-foll ot `gol te`gs yiuwell md o liisg ji-ipgrotevg ia lijol nuedgs, wetfo `gmu ia tg`ptemn doy treps (oll ot rgosimohlg sgtprejgs) sujf os tfg img ti Aoerytolg Jomyim...

    Zcozco Jomyim

    Zcozco (aoerytolg) es lgss ia o jomyim tfom o `ozg

    ia emtgrjimmgjtemn somdstimg nullegs, spergs omd ih-glescs jorvgd hy tfg wemd omd roem omd hocgd hy tfgsum emti o surrgol omd vevedly jiliurgd `iim-sjopg.Im om um`orcgd dert troel tferty-`emutgs drevg ari`

    To no et es o hgwetjfemn omd desiregmtemn plojg tispgmd o jiuplg ia fiurs gxpliremn. Feddgm ari`tfg locg, hut privedemn pomiro`ej vegws ivgr tfg

    surriumdemn lomdsjopg, tfes rgolly es om umgxpgjtgdng`, omd ngmgrolly dgsgrtgd omd umtiujfgd gxjgptair tfg lezords tfot `ocg et tfger fi`g.

    Ojji``idoteim

    ^g stoygd ot tfg Zfgpfgrds ^oy Nugstfiusgem Horsciim. Xotgs wgrg >22 si` pgr pgrsim em-

    jludemn demmgr omd hrgocaost, em tfg su``gr tfg

    nugstfiusg es vgry pipulor wetf ^gstgrm tiurestsomd tfg prejg resgs ti opprixe`otgly ?722 si`pgr pgrsim. Tgl. 2:?8 85>4213 @ih. 2728 7?6:?73g`oel; sfgpfgrdBgljot.cn3 ir veset tfg gxjgllgmtwghsetg; www.cyrnyztrgc.ji`.

    Em To`no, tfg Zomotireu` sfiuld hg ohlg ti ia-agr rii`s air o lettlg lgss. Tfgrg org olsi mu`griusH&H orromng`gmts ovoelohlg em tfg vellong (kust

    osc oriumd), o nrgot ippirtumety ti got tfg emtgr-moteimolly rgnordgd fi`g-nriwm aruets (omd pircaot), omd tfg ao`ius lijol yglliw jfgrregs.

    O lettlg aurtfgr tiwords Hesfcgc es tfg Oltym-Cu`Uurt Jo`p em tfg (o`usemnly mo`gd) Tisir vellong.Xgji``gmdgd ti us hy sgvgrol trovgllgrs, tfg jo`pes setuotgd ?22 `gtrgs ari` tfg sfirg omd iflgrs

    sfemn, firsgredemn, omd tiurs ti tfg surriumdemnottrojteims. O plojg ti slggp well jist opprixe`otgly772 si` duremn tfg pgoc sgosim - demmgr es ?82 si`gxtro. Tgl. (2:541) 57-1-?53 @ih. 2>>8 >?111:, 2>>:2246>?3 g`oel jfilpimYirdihogvoBro`hlgr.ru.

    Mo`gd oatgr o ao`ius Cyrnyz pigt, Hicg`hogvosottrojteims emjludg o lijol `usgu` wetf o jillgj-teim ia poemtemns hy lijol ortests omd, ti tfg wgst,tfgnu`hgz(`ousilgu`) ia Toro Zuu. Tfg vellonglegs ot tfg aiit ia sgvgrol vollgys, emjludemn tfg Cim-nur Ilum vollgy wfejf rums air si`g destomjg por-

    ollgl ti tfg riod im tfg itfgr sedg ia tfg `iumtoemredng. Mgorhy tfgrg org rodim fit wotgr spremns, osolt locg, tfg omjegmt sgttlg`gmt ia Cfom Dghg omdtfg 8722 ygor ild Tuuoro Zuu hureol iumds.

    Ojji``idoteim

    Hy tfes piemt ia iur kiurmgy, tfg Zpgctotirfod rum

    iut ia ford josf omd wos airjgd ti jo`p riunf

    im tfg sfirgs ia tfg locg em om ild tgmt. Tfes wos,mimg tfg lgss, om gmjfomtemn gxpgregmjg. Airyiur emair`oteim, H&Hs org ovoelohlg em tiwm omdwg odvesg yiu ti sggc odvejg ari` o sy`potfgtejliicemn lijol.

    Hicg`hogvo

    Ocum (Coro-Ie vellong)72-?72WZD rii`/menftOll ygor riumd, 822 hgd jopojety. Desji, hor, joag,swe``emn-piil, DQD hor, ji`putgr jgmtrg.

    Tgl. (2:?8) 15721:3 (2:54:) 74?:7, 74?:1

    Xoduno (Zory-Ie vellong)>2-:22 WZD rii`/menftGletg rgsirt. ipgm oll ygor riumd.

    Tgl. (2:?8) 18>?573 www.roduno.cn

    Zilg`or (Ciru`du vellong):2-?52 WZD rii`/menftZu``gr te`g imly, ?22 hgd jopojety. Zwe``emnpiil, soumo, desji, hor.

    Tgl. (2:?8) 11?:4:, 18842> @ih. 2728 :85252

    Toles`om Qellong(Histgre vellong)Zu``gr te`g imly, :8 hgd jopojety. Hor, joag, jimagr-gmjg foll, tgmmes, hoscgtholl.

    Tgl. (2:54:) :178>, :17863 (2:?8) 7681:5, 1722?5

    Zomotireu` Ouriro

    >2-:22 WZD rii`/menftAir`gr aoviuretg rgsirt ia Zivegt opporojfecs.

    Tgl; (+551) :54: 4474: G-`oel; ouriroBessyc-cyl.cn

    Xiyol Hgojf (Jfic-Tol vellong):7-:22WZD

    Tgl./Aox; (:54:) 8:-?>1G-`oel; riyolhgojfB`oel.ru3 www.riyolhgojf.cn

    Corvgm Xgst Jgmtrg (Hulom Zinittu vellong)?87-4?7 WZD rii`/menft

    Gletg rgsirt3 www.corvgm.cn

  • 7/23/2019 Spektator Issue 5

    10/28

    Iut & Ohiut?2

    @oy 8225 Tfg Zpgctotir www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc

    OAG DO@OZF_, ojriss ari` tfg HesfcgcFu`ometegs Wmevgrsety, iflgrs se`plg, mi-mimsgmsg Lgvomtemg aorg ot `idgst prej-gs. Zgt hojc em o strep olimn o husy strgtjfia @omos hgtwggm Nircivo omd tfg Cyr-

    nyz Turcesf Wmevgrsety, Do`osfq es fgroldgd hy etshrenft rgd lgttgremn omd Orohej sjrept. Imjg emsedg,ets o jlgom (ol`ist stgrelg) joa argqugmtgd hy hitfumevgrsety studgmt omd tfg ngmgrol puhlej. Zgvgrolporteteims iflgr o lettlg prevojy air tfisg sggcemn o`irg desjrgtg dememn gxpgregmjg omd hrgoc up tfg

    itfgrwesg ipgm rii`. ^olls org odirmgd wetf Zyr-eom tiures` hiord pfitis hut tfg djir es suh-dugd em jimtrost ti wfotyiud md em Do`osjusOrohej quortgr.

    Ze`plg omd umos-su`emn, Joa Do`osfqsjfor` rgsts wetf etsplgosomt, umji``imly

    ottgmtevg woetstofl omdumprgtgmteius juesemg.

    Tfg `gmu (em Xusseom,mi Orohej ir Gmnlesf)iflgrs o lettlg si`gtfemn air gvgryimg, wgenftgdtiword @eddlg Gostgrm aorg. Tfg usuol orroy ia

    `gzzg org prgsgmt aoloagl, fu``ius, `uttohgl olimn wetf cghohs omd sfosflec. Air tfg lgss od-vgmturius, Do`osfq iflgrs pezzos omd o fomdaul ialijol desfgs `omty, pliv, lon`om, omd si airtf.Hut wfgm em Do`osjus, wg irdgrgd os ea wg wgrgem tfg Lgvomt.

    Tfg gvgmemn ia `y rst veset hgnom wetf o riumdia tgo sgrvgd em tfg trodeteimol nloss tgo jups

    uhequetius tfriunfiut tfg Oroheom Rgmemsulo.Zjirg img piemt air outfgmtejety. @gzzg ailliw wg irdgrgd trodeteimolly omd org hriunft suh-stomteol pirteims ia hrenft iromng fu``ius, siatgnnplomt `uttohgl, omd o jiorsgly jfippgd solodia argsf ti`otigs, juju`hgrs omd porslgy. Zgrvgd

    wetf argsf peto (wfejf yiu `ust rgqugst), tfg `ut-tohgl romn `ist outfgmtej; riostgd purggd gnn-plomt, sgosimgd wetf imeim omd tofeme omd dustgdwetf nriumd rgd pgppgr omd ju`em, slenftly tort,omd drezzlgd wetf ilevg iel o niid stort. Tfg fu`-`ius, odirmgd olsi wetf ju`em, pgppgr omd o pelg

    ia jfejcpgos, wos mg, hut lgss emsperemn. Et wos olettlg vesjius air `y tostg omd E` jureius ohiutirenem ia tfg hrenft iromng jiliur pgrfops ofgoltfy disg ia popreco.

    Iur `oem jiursgs ia jfejcgm sfosflec, o cghoh

    somdwejf, omd rejg tgstegd ti tfg cetjfgms ohel-ety ti prgporg se`plg aiid wgll. Tfg `got orrevgdargsfly nrellgd omd tgmdgr. Tfg somdwejf o het ploem nriumd, spejgd hgga ifl tfg scgwgr omd rillgd emot hrgod. Tosty, hut E jiuldmt fglp hut wimdgrwfot o lettlg norlej ir yinurt wiuld di air et.

    O rgturm veset duremn tfg lumjf fiur jimr`gd `ygorlegr e`prgsseims jimsestgmt, tosty `gzzg tfg

    argsfly-prgporgd aoloaglholomjgd jrespmgss wetfo siat jfejc pgo llemn.

    Tfg fgorty lgmtel siupwos wgll-sgosimgd omdtfg ojji`pomyemn lg`-im wgdng mejgly jut ets

    strimn ju`em hosg. Airtfg `oem jiursg E gx-pgre`gmtgd wetf o Zyreomdesf tfgy jollgd tesceg o

    rejf (omd llemn) hiwl ia loygrgd jfumcs ia argsf petowetf fu``ius, jfejc pgo, purggd gnnplomt, spejgs,

    omd ilevg iel omd wos mit desoppiemtgd.Tfriunfiut tfg gvgmemn, wg gmkiygd o tro-

    deteimol wotgr pepg ornelgf (cmiwm lijolly osCol`om). Tfger `gmu hiosts sextggm oviurs,tfiunf tfgy lojcgd tfg rst twi wg rgqugstgd.Do`osfq olsi prgsgmts o `idgst iflgremn ia leho-teims -- kuejgs, jiflggs, tgo, hggr omd lequir, hut etsgg`gd imly oppripreotg ti gmd tfg `gol wetf o

    jup ia Orohej jiflgg. Oatgr seppemn iur woy ti tfgnretty nriumds, wg swerlgd tfg dg`etossg jup omdtfg nriumds prgdejtgd iur auturg. ^fgm liicemnair hosej Oroh juesemg, o deflgrgmt lumjf ipteim, irom umossu`emn joa ti gmkiy o jup ia tgo omd owotgr pepg, wgll hg hojc.

    Jist voregs wetf yiur oppgtetg. O somdwejf omdtgo well sgt yiu hojc ?72 si . O aull `gol air twipgrsims wetf `gzzg, `oem jiursgs, hrgod, tgo omd or-nelgf opprix 522 si`, emjludemn tfg ?2% sgrvejg.

    Joa Do`osfq; @omos 74, Tgl. (2:?8) 745425

    Air tfg `oem jiursg E gxpgre-

    `gmtgd wetf o Zyreom desf tfgy

    jollgd tesceg , o rejf omd llemn hiwl

    ia loygrgd jfumcs ia argsf peto wetf

    fu``ius, jfejc pgo, purggd gnn-

    plomt, spejgs omd ilevg iel

    JFXEZ FOTTOUGX

    Xiod

    Do`osjusJ

    ti

    Ohivg Argsfly prgporgd aoloagl

    Tip Tesceg o rejf (omd llemn) hiwl ia loygrgd

    jfumcs ia argsf peto wetf fu``ius, jfejc pgo,

    purggd gnnplomt, spejgs, omd ilevg iel (Oll pfi-

    tis Gvom Forres)

    Jfres Fottoygr emspgjts Do`osfq, o mgw Zyreomtfg`gd rgstouromt em Hesfcgc.

  • 7/23/2019 Spektator Issue 5

    11/28

    ^fi wg orgJO@R Olotii es o mim-prit omd mim-nivgrm`gmtol irnomezoteim

    aiumdgd em 8227 pri`itemn sustoemohlg dgvglip`gmt em tfg `iumtoemrgneims ia Cyrnyzstom. JO@R Olotii es o sujjgssir irnomezoteim ia tfg

    Jgmtrol Oseom @iumtoem Rortmgrsfep (JO@R), o prinro` momjgdhy tfg Zwess Ongmjy air Dgvglip`gmt omd Jiipgroteim. Kiemtly wetfets portmgr irnomezoteims em Cozocfstom omd Tokecestom, JO@R Olotiiair`s port ia tfg JO@R Mgtwirc wfejf g`pliys ohiut 87 pgiplg.

    ^fot wg womtTfg ivgroll niol es ti jimtrehutg ti tfg e`privg`gmt ia pgiplgs levglefiids

    em tfg `iumtoem vellongs ia Cyrnyzstom hy gmjiuronemn o `irgsustoemohlg usg ia moturol rgsiurjgs.

    Fiw wg wircJO@R Olotii pursugs o troms-desjeplemory omd `ulte-stocgfildgroppriojf hosgd im lijol, rgneimol omd emtgrmoteimol portmgrsfepsomd gxpgregmjgs. JO@R Olotii dgvglips, odopts omd e`plg`gmts

    emmivotevg, se`plg omd gaagjtevg tgjfmilinegs wetf om g`pfoses imoworgmgss roesemn omd emvilvg`gmt hy vellongrs, lijol emstetuteims,

    portmgr irnomezoteims omd gxpgrts.

    ^fot wg diJO@R Olotii suppirts tfg dgvglip`gmt ia `iumtoem vellongs hy pri`itemn

    tfg sustoemohlg usg ia moturol rgsiurjgs tfriunf; tfgirgtejol omd projtejol troememn

    emstetuteimol dgvglip`gmt ia MNIs siel omd wotgr jimsgrvoteim tgjfmilinegs gmgrny sovemn tgjfmilinegs

    portejepotiry posturg `omong`gmt emtgnrotgd lijol resc `omong`gmt

    s`oll nromts

    www.jo`p.cn

  • 7/23/2019 Spektator Issue 5

    12/28

    Tfes @imtf?8

    @oy 8225 Tfg Zpgctotir www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc

    Cyrnyzstom em Hrega

    HEZFCGC, @oy : (EXEM) -Outfiretegs fovg ojtevot-gd ploms ti prgvgmt tfg sprgod ia swemg u, Tilim

    Esociv, o sgmeir Fgoltf @emestry ijeol, soed em tfgCyrnyz jopetol, Hesfcgc.

    Tfgrg org mi nriumds air pomej em Cyrnyzstomrglotgd ti tfg sprgod ia swemg u, soed Esociv, odd-emn tfot mi josgs ia swemg u fod hggm rgnestgrgd.

    Desgosg jimtril omd survgellomjg umets ot tfgjiumtrys `okir hirdgr jrissemn piemts, emjludemn

    Hesfcgcs @omos emtgrmoteimol oerpirt omd tfg Tiru-nort jrissemn im tfg Cyrnyz-Jfemgsg hirdgr, fovg

    hggm emair`gd ia tfg plom; Ea pgiplg wetf swemgu-lecg sy`pti`s org desjivgrgd tfgy well hg e`-`gdeotgly quoromtemgd, Esociv soed.

    Zwemg alu `gosurgs umdgrwoyem Cyrnyzstom

    Hocegv mi`emotgd air rg-glgjteimHEZFCGC, @oy 4 (HHJ) - Tfg rulemn porty em Cyr-nyzstom fos mi`emotgd Rrgsedgmt Cur`omhgc Hoce-ygv ti stomd air rg-glgjteim.

    @r Hoceygv well aojg fes air`gr pre`g `emestgr,Ol`ozhgc Oto`hoygv, ot tfg pills em Kuly.

    Tgmseims org nriwemn hgtwggm tfg rulemn Oc[fil porty omd tfg `oem ippiseteim, ofgod ia tfgglgjteims.

    Ippiseteim portegs fovg ojjusgd tfg outfire-tegs ia jlo`pemn diwm im jretejs, omd tfgy jloe`tfg nivgrm`gmt well try ti ren tfg Kuly hollit.

    Tfg Oc [fil porty wim gvgry porleo`gmtory sgot

    em tfg 822> ngmgrol glgjteims, wfejf airgenm `ime-tirs soed aoelgd ti `ggt emtgrmoteimol stomdords.

    OL@OTU, Oprel :2 (XAG) -Et jom jorry jorjemingmsemti rejg glds, poss tixems ari` mursemn `itfgrsti mgwhirms, omd es sggm os o tfrgot ti tfg fgoltfomd levglefiid ia tfg `elleims ia pgiplg wfi levgmgorhy.

    Et es tfg wotgr ari` tfg Zyr Doryo, Jgmtrol Oseoslimngst revgr, omd sgjimd-lorngst hy vilu`g.

    Hy tfg te`g et mgors tfg gmd ia o twestemn jiursgtfot tocgs et tfriunf aiur Jgmtrol Oseom stotgs, tfgZyr Doryo fos ojju`ulotgd sujf fenf lgvgls ia on-rejulturol rumifl sujf os pgstejedgs omd agrtelezgrs,emdustreol wostg, omd omy mu`hgr ia itfgr jim-to`emomts tfot si`g org wormemn tfot jrips erre-notgd hy tfg revgr em siutfgrm Cyzyl-Irdo privemjgsfiuld hg hurmgd.

    Omd os hod os tfot siumds, et oy hg gvgm wirsg.Tfg derg ossgss`gmt ia tfg stotg ia Zyr Doryos wo-tgr wos `odg im @orjf 81 ot o `ggtemn em Ol`oty

    ia stotg-spimsirgd gmverim`gmtolests omd gjili-nests, tfg sirt ia nriup img wiuld gxpgjt `enftsunorjiot tfg trug gxtgmt ia tfg prihlg`.

    Duremn tfg `ggtemn, tfg dgputy dergjtir ia Co-

    zocfstoms ongmjy air opplegd gjiliny, @olec Hur-lehogv, soed tfot tfg Zyr Doryo es si pillutgd tfotwotgr ari` et sfiuld mit hg usgd air dremcemn ir airerrenoteim. Xejg forvgstgd em Cyzyl-Irdo, fg soed,wos si liodgd wetf jomjgr-jousemn ongmts tfot etsfiuld mit hg gotgm.

    Hurlehogv jloe`gd tfot emtgstemol-jomjgr rotgs

    ia rgsedgmts em Cyzyl-Irdo wgrg tfg fenfgst em Co-zocfstom, omd tfot 52 pgrjgmt ia mursemn `itfgrsem tfg privemjg wgrg possemn pgstejedgs ti tfgerhohegs tfriunf tfger hrgost `elc.

    Iroznul [fumusivo, fgod ia tfg stotgs dgport-`gmt air gxpgrtesg omd jimtril ia tfg Orol-ZyrDoryo gjiliny, jimr`gd Hurlehogvs mdemns ti

    XAG/XLs Cozocf Zgrvejg.[fumusivo soed tfot ojjirdemn ti doto ari`

    tfg lotgst ia tfg rgnulor `imtfly so`plgs fgrijg tocgs, tfg lgvgl ia heilinejol jimto`emo-teim Sfu`om omd onrejulturol wostgP ia tfg wotgrair @orjf wos :2 pgrjgmt fenfgr tfom ojjgptgdmir`s. Nozgto.cz rgjgmtly rgpirtgd tfot tfg revgrs

    wotgr jimtoemgd fenf lgvgls ia jippgr, jod`eu`,omd zemj.

    O Xevgr Xums Tfriunf Et

    Tfg 8,822-celi`gtgr Zyr Doryo Xevgr irenemotgs emtfg iumtoems ia Cyrnyzstom, wfgrg et es agd hy tfgMorym Xevgr em tfg siutf, omd tfg Coro Doryo ti tfg

    mirtf. Ari` tfgrg tfg Zyr Doryo possgs tfriunfsi`g ia tfg `ist fgovely pipulotgd orgos ia Jgm-trol Oseo, emjludemn tfg Agrnfomo Qollgy, o agrtelgonrejulturol rgneim rummemn ojriss Cyrnyzstom, Wz-hgcestom, omd Tokecestom.

    Tfg Agrnfomo Qollgy es tfg `ist dgmsgly pipu-lotgd orgo ia Jgmtrol Oseo. (jlejc ti gmlorng)

    Tfg Zyr Doryos potf, wfejf imjg lgd ti tfg OrolZgo, olsi tocgs et tfriunf omjegmt Zelc Xiod jetegs,sujf os Mo`omnom omd Cicomd (em Wzhgcestom),Cfukomd (em Tokecestom), omd Turcgstom (em Cozo-cfstom). Omd tfg Wzhgc jopetol Tosfcgmt omd tfg

    siutfgrm Cozocf jety ia Zfy`cgmt org lijotgdmgorhy.

    Osedg ari` tfg jimtrehuteims tfisg omd itfgrurhom orgos ocg ti tfg pilluteim ia tfg Zyr Doryo,aojtiregs, plomts, omd `ememn ipgroteims olimn tfgrevgr prgsgmt air`edohlg gmverim`gmtol fozords.

    HEZFCGC, Oprel 8> (E^RX) -O ygor oatgr possemn ojimtrivgrseol `gdeo low, tfg Cyrnyzstom porleo`gmtfos o`gmdgd et, wetfiut xemn wfot jretejs soed wgrgets wirst agoturgs.

    Tfg o`gmd`gmts possgd im Oprel 8? lgovg twi iatfg `ist wedgly desputgd stepuloteims em plojg - tfgrgquerg`gmts tfot fola ia hriodjost iutput fos ti

    hg em tfg Cyrnyz lomnuong rotfgr tfom Xusseom, omdtfot hriodjostgrs fovg ti ngmgrotg rotfgr tfom huy

    em fola ia tfger ivgroll iutput.Rrevotg TQ omd rodei stoteims soy tfgsg priveseimstfrgotgm tfger gxestgmjg os tfgy di mit fovg tfg rg-siurjgs ti pridujg `irg tfom tfgy di miw.

    Tfg low ngmgrotgd tfg so`g cemd ia jimtrivgrsy

    wfgm et wos possgd gxojtly o ygor oni.

    Desoppiemt`gmt ot Cyrnyz`gdeo low jfomngs

    Omd dgtgrngmts gmtgr ets wotgrs em lorng port hg-jousg pgiplg olimn homcs wosf tfger jlitfemn omdhotfg em tfg revgr.

    Hy tfg te`g tfg Zyr Doryo gmtgrs Cozocfstomari` Wzhgcestom sgvgrol fumdrgd celi`gtgrs owoyari` tfg rgneim wfgrg tfg gxtrg`g jimto`emoteimwos rgnestgrgd, [fumusivo soys, et es olrgody jim-

    to`emotgd.Gvgm hgairg tfg revgr rgojfgs ets folawoy piemt,

    pgiplg cmiw hgttgr tfom ti dremc ari` tfg ZyrDoryo, oltfiunf lijols mgor mirtfgrm TokecestomsCfukomd fovg hggm cmiwm ti sf ets wotgrs.

    Tfg hen qugsteim es kust fiw jimto`emotgdtfg revgr es upstrgo`. Es tfg wotgr olrgody tiidomngrius air onrejulturol usg hy tfg te`g et

    possgs mgor Tosfcgmt9 Fiw jimto`emotgd es tfgZyr Doryo hy tfg te`g et wemds tfriunf tfg Agr-nfomo Qollgy, tfg `ist dgmsgly pipulotgd orgo

    em Jgmtrol Oseo9

    Hlgoc Auturg9

    Em Cozocfstoms Cyzyl-Irdo privemjg, Hengsf

    [focfyp, dgputy dergjtir ia tfg stotg wotgr-`omong`gmt dgport`gmt air tfg privemjg, soystfot lijol iaaejeols fovg hggm diemn wfot tfgyjom ti rgdujg tfg jimto`emoteim. Fg soys dgj-odgs ia `es`omong`gmt fovg jimtrehutgd titfg jurrgmt setuoteim, hut tfot tfgrg org si`gpisetevg senms.

    [focfyp soys tfot tfg privemjg usgs ohiut tfgso`g o`iumt ia wotgr air errenoteim os et ded emtfg ?552s, omd tfot wotgr jimsgrvoteim es e`priv-emn. Fg olsi mitgs tfot duremn tfg Zivegt pgreid,oll wostg wos se`ply du`pgd em tfg revgr, wfejf esmiw lgss ji``im. Olsi, semjg jfg`ejol agrtelezgrsorg mi limngr privedgd hy tfg jgmtrol outfiretegs,

    tfgy org usgd irg kudejeiusly.Os lijol rgsedgmt Nulhorsfym Zimorcyzy mitgs, ea

    tfg Zyr Doryo es mi limngr usgd air errenoteim, iurglds omd nordgms well dry up. Tfes es jlgor.

    Olsi jlgor es tfot tfg delg``o aojgd hy Cyzyl-Irdo ijeols jiuld fovg hriodgr e`plejoteims --agors fovg hggm roesgd tfot liwgr jrip yeglds jiuldairjg Cozocfstom, tfg imly nroem gxpirtgr em Jgm-

    trol Oseo, ti hom nroem gxpirts ti ets mgenfhirs.Ot tfg jimagrgmjg em Ol`oty, Hurlehogv ia tfg

    ongmjy air opplegd gjiliny jforojtgrezgd tfg setu-

    oteim os om emtgrmoteimol prihlg` tfot jolls air omemtgrmoteimol setuoteim.

    Hut jiipgroteim em tfg aojg ia dgspgrotg jerju`-stomjgs tfot oflgjt tfg` oll fos mit hggm o trodg`orc

    ia Jgmtrol Oseom nivgrm`gmts, os gvedgmjgd hy tfgerfola-fgortgd ottg`pts ti sliw tfg sfremcemn ia tfgOrol Zgo omd tfger aoelurgs ti md o eddlg nriumd emtfg imniemn dghotg ivgr wotgr rgsiurjgs.

    Ugrzfom Corohgc omd Zultom-Cfom [fussep ia XAG/

    XLs Cozocf Zgrvejg jimtrehutgd ti tfes rgpirt

    Xevgr wotgr em Cozocfstom tii derty air errenoteim

    HEZFCGC, @oy 1, (Guroseomgt) - Rrgsedgmt Cur-`omhgc Hoceygv fos rgoaaer`gd fes ji``et`gmtti hueldemn twi jimtrivgrseol mgw fydriglgjtrejdo`s em Cyrnyzstom.

    Tfg ji``gmts jo`g o wggc oatgr Hoceygvsporrgd wetf Core`iv omd Hgrdy`ucfo`gdiv

    duremn o rgneimol wotgr airu` em Ol`oty. Diwm-

    strgo` Wzhgcestom, Turc`gmestom omd Cozo-cfstom org jimjgrmgd tfot tfg wotgr tfgy mggdair errenoteim well hg hlijcgd duremn tfg su``gr`imtfs. Wpstrgo` Tokecestom omd Cyrnyzstom sua-agr `ossevg gmgrny sfirtongs gvgry wemtgr omdsgg mi itfgr siluteim.

    Hoceygv rescs wrotf ia Wzhgcs,Turc`gmswetf fes do` prikgjts

  • 7/23/2019 Spektator Issue 5

    13/28

    ?:Tfes @imtf

    www.tfgspgctotir.ji` @oy 8225 Tfg Zpgctotir

    RGTXIQCO, CUXNU[ZTOM, Oprel :2 (E^RX) - O jim-arimtoteim hgtwggm deflgrgmt gtfmej ji``umetegsfos hliwm up emti o desputg o`imn moteimol-lgvglijeols omd piletejeoms.

    O org-up ia gtfmej veilgmjg em o vellong em mirtfgrmCyrnyzstom wfejf nit iut ia fomd fos fod rgvgrhgro-teims wgll hgyimd lijol ji``umety lgvgl, wetf jgmtrol

    nivgrm`gmt omd tfg ippiseteim furlemn ojjusoteimsot img omitfgr ivgr tfg desputg.

    Oriumd 822 pgiplg wgrg emvilvgd em jlosfgs imOprel 81 os lijol Cyrnyz omd Xusseoms aiunft wetf Curdsari tfg so`g vellong, Rgtrivco. Tfg air`gr wgrg dg-`omdemn tfot o Curdesf om ojjusgd ia ropemn o aiur-ygor-ild nerl sfiuld hg fomdgd ivgr ti tfg .

    Zgvgrol pgiplg wgrg stohhgd omd twi pgiplg

    rgjgevgd numsfit wiumds. Tfg wemdiws ia `irgtfom o dizgm fiusgs wgrg s`osfgd omd sgvgroljors dgstriygd.

    Rilejg orrgstgd `irg tfom 52 pgiplg tfgy soedtiic port em tfg reitemn.

    Tfg desputg tiic im om gtfmej jiliuremn os Xus-seoms omd Cyrnyz jollgd air tfg 722-strimn Curdesf

    ji``umety ti lgovg tfg vellong wetfem 84 fiurs.Tfg Curds `ivgd emti tfg vellong, em tfg Jfu rg-

    neim 72 celi`gtrgs ari tfg jopetol Hesfcgc, o agwygors oni. Tfgy org port ia o ji``umety ia si`g??,222 sjottgrgd ojriss Jgmtrol Oseo oatgr tfg nriupwos dgpirtgd wfilgsolg ari tfg siutf Joujosus em?544 im Ztolems irdgrs.

    Tfes josg hgors o mu`hgr ia se`eloretegs wetf ojlosf em siutfgrm Cozocstom em 822>, em wfejf Curdswgrg hlo`gd gm `ossg air o jre`g ollgngdly ji`-`ettgd hy img emdeveduol.

    Xgsedgmts ia Rgtrivco ojjusg lijol pilejg ia em-dergjtly jousemn tfg triuhlg hy aoelemn ti fomdlgtfg irenemol ropg jloe` pripgrly.

    ^fgm mgws ia tfg ossoult im o jfeld rstg`grngd, vellongrs fgld o `ggtemn ti oer tfger jim-jgrms, em portejulor tfot pilejg wgrg gflgjtevgly en-miremn tfg josg. Zi`g tild E^RX tfgy fod fgordtfot pilejg wgrg poed ifl ti fusf tfg `ottgr up

    Tfot wos prgjesgly wfot emaureotgd pgiplg.Digs tfot `gom mi img jom pritgjt iur renfts9

    soed lijol rgsedgmt Kopor.Tfg fgod ia tfg Cyrnyz emtgreir `emestrys prgss

    sgrvejg, Hocyt Zgyetiv, jimr`gd ti E RX tfot tfg des-turhomjgs wgrg privicgd hy om ollgngd ropg im Oprel

    >, ia wfejf o 87 ygor-ild-`om fos hggm ojjusgd.Emtgreir @emestgr @ildi`uso Cimnomtegv emsestspilejg ded rgspimd ti tfg ji`ploemt. Em rg`orcs quit-

    gd hy tfg 84.cn mgws ongmjy, fg soed fes `gm gs-tohlesfgd tfg edgmtety ia tfg suspgjt omd loumjfgdo sgorjf oatgr aoelemn ti md fe` ot fi`g.

    ^fgm Cimnomtegvs dgputy Tolomthgc Esogvhregagd tfg Cyrnyz porleo`gmt im Oprel 85, fg soedtfg suspgjt fod miw hggm dgtoemgd hy lijols omdfomdgd ivgr ti tfg pilejg.

    Esogv mitgd tfot tfg ollgngd jre`g wos rgpirtgdtgm doys oatgr et tiic plojg.

    Tfg desputg fos miw wedgmgd wgll hgyimd tfgemdeveduol jre`g ollgnoteim em qugsteim. Lijols orgmiw ojjusemn pilejg ia usemn gxjgssevg airjg tiqugll tfg umrgst, omd omte-Curdesf sgmte`gmt es reag.

    @y weag wgmt iut emti tfg strggt ti sgg wfotwos niemn im oatgr sfg fgord liud miesgs, soed vel-longr jollgd Ockil. Ot tfot `i`gmt, pilejg or`gd

    wetf hotims omd sfeglds tiic fgr owoy. E dimt cmiwwfi ti turm ti. Ea E ni ti tfg pilejg, E` oaroed tfgywell dgtoem `g tii.

    Tfg doy oatgr tfg veilgmjg, sgvgrol fumdrgd Rgtri-vco rgsedgmt hlijcgd Cyrnyzstoms `oem ortgreol fenf-woy lgodemn ari Hesfcgc ti Isf em tfg siutf. Tfgywgrg dg`omdemn tfg rglgosg ia dgtoemgd rglotevgs,pumesf`gmt air tfg suspgjt, omd om emvgstenoteim

    emti tfg dgotf ia tfg aiur-ygor-ilds nromd`itfgr.Tfg wi`om rgpirtgdly fomngd fgrsgla oatgr

    rgpirtemn tfg ollgngd ropg omd hgji`emn desellu-

    seimgd wetf tfg lojc ia rgsults.

    Zi`g ia tfgsg dg`omds wgrg `gt im Oprel :2,wfgm tfg Cyrnyz prisgjutir ngmgrols ijg rg-pirtgd tfot tfg nromd`itfgrs dgotf wos ti hg

    emvgstenotgd, omd tfot o sgporotg josg fod hggmipgmgd wetf rgnord ti pilejg wfi, et es jloe`gd,ji``ettgd iflgmjgs emjludemn airngry wfelg fom-dlemn tfg ropg ollgnoteim.

    Curdesf ji``umety rgprgsgmtotevgs org agoraultfot emdesjre`emotg fistelety ti tfg well sprgod.

    Ehrofe` Moderiv, o lgodgr ia tfg Ossijeoteim ia

    Curds ia Cyrnyzstom, soed o Curdesf ao`ely em o dea-agrgmt vellong jo`g umdgr ottojc im Oprel 85 omdfod wemdiws em tfger fi`g hricgm.

    Xgsedgmts ia tfg vellong ia Rgtrivco org soyemntfg Curds sfiuld hg gvejtgd, fg soed, em rg`orcsquitgd hy tfg 84.cn mgws ongmjy. Hut wfgrgwiuld wg ni9 Img ao`ely tregd ti `ivg ti Ziciluc

    destrejt, hut tfg pgiplg tfgrg fgld o `ggtemn otwfejf tfg tild tfg` mit ti sfiw tfger aojgs omdplgdngd ti dgstriy oll Curdesf fi`gs.

    @gomwfelg, moteimol-lgvgl piletejeoms org ornu-

    emn ohiut wfi ded wfot ti rgsilvg ir emjetg tfeslijol jimonroteim.Jgmtrol nivgrm`gmt fos hlo`gd lijol ijeols,

    omd tfg @iscivscy destrejt od`emestroteim jfega,tfg destrejt pilejg jfega omd tfg destrejt prisgjutirfovg oll hggm sojcgd.

    @ggtemn tfg jfega prisgjutir omd tfg emtgreir`emestgr, Rrgsedgmt Cur`omhgc Hocegv soed, Et esmit tfg iutrongd pgiplg, ti wfi` tfg lijol od-`emestroteim dgmegd kustejg, wfi org ti hlo`g. Tfg

    aoult legs wetf tfg fgortlgss hurgoujrots wfi en-mirgd Stfg emjedgmtP omd tregd ti jivgr et up.

    Xoeso Zedirgmci, o `g`hgr ia porleo`gmt wetf tfgnivgrmemn Oc Kil porty, tiic tfg so`g vegw, soyemntfot ea lijol nivgrm`gmt, pilejg omd prisgjuteim ia-jeols fod ojtgd em o lgnol omd te`gly `ottgr, tfgpinri`s em Rgtrivco wiuld fovg hggm oviedgd.

    Tfg ippiseteim es miw g`hrielgd em tfg oatgr-`otf ia tfg veilgmjg.

    Nrggm Rorty lgodgr Grcem Hulgchogv vesetgd Rgtri-vco tfg doy ailliwemn tfg umrgst, omd wos orrgstgdtingtfgr wetf ippiseteim ojtevest Zopor Orny`hogvomd twi lijol pgiplg. Hulgchogv omd Orny`hogvwgrg jforngd wetf tfg iflgmjg ia irnomesemn destur-homjgs, omd wgrg sgmtgmjgd ti twi `imtfs e`pres-im`gmt. Tfg twi itfgrs, wfi org hglegvgd ti hglimnti tfg ippiseteim porty Oto @gcgm, wgrg rglgosgd.

    Emtgreir @emestgr Cimnomtegv fos turmgd im tfgippiseteim, soyemn et wos oworg tfot tfgrg wos niemnti hg triuhlg, omd ojjusemn g`hgrs ia emjetemn tfes

    iuthrgoc ia gtfmej veilgmjg.Tfg emvgstenoteim fos emdesputohlg gvedgmjg

    tfot tfg `oss umrgst wos privicgd dglehgrotgly,soed tfg `emestgr. Tfgrg es vedgi aiitong sfiw-

    emn o `om jollemn im vellongrs ti nevg tfg Curds 84fiurs ti pojc up omd lgovg tfg jiumtry. Ztomdemnem tfg `eddlg ia o jriwd, fg urngs pgiplg ti ot-tojc Curdesf fi`gs. Ets ihveius tfot jolls lecg tfes`odg em o jriwd ia g`iteimolly jforngd pgiplglgd ti tfg pinri`.

    Tfg `emestgrs jloe`s fovg turmgd o stiry ohiut

    o lijol jlosf omd ollgnoteims ia pilejg julpoheletyemti o aull-sjolg piletejol hottlg ot moteimol lgvgl, kusttfrgg `imtfs hgairg Cyrnyzstom nigs emti o prgse-dgmteol glgjteim.

    Tfg `oem ippiseteim hlij, tfg Wmetgd Rgiplgs@ivg`gmt, WR@, pri`ptly ommiumjgd tfot et wossuemn Cimnomtegv air slomdgr.

    Em tfg so`g stotg`gmt tfg WR@ essugd jiumtgr-ollgnoteims - tfot tfg desturhomjgs wgrg jousgd hypilejg ottg`ptemn ti jivgr up o fgemius jre`g,omd hy lijol nivgrm`gmt ijeols wfi aoelgd ti od-drgss pgiplgs mggds omd wesfgs.

    Hocyt Hgsfe`iv, wfi fgods tfg ippiseteim Zi-jeol Dg`ijrots em porleo`gmt, piemtgd tfg mngr ia

    hlo`g ot jgmtrol nivgrm`gmt.Et es tfg lijol od`emestroteim tfot es hgemn

    hlo`gd, hut em o setuoteim wfgrg tfg stotg ou-tfiretegs org aor rg`ivgd ari` tfg rgol prihlg`s

    aojemn pgiplg omd org `ocemn mi ottg`pt ti rg-spimd ti jetezgms doy-tidoy rgqugsts, tfgrg jiuldhg `omy Rgtrivcos ti ji`g em Cyrnyzstom.

    Tfrgg deflgrgmt gmqueregs org ti hg loumjfgdemti wfot foppgmgd em Rgtrivco img hy tfg OcKil porty, omitfgr hy o puhlej ji``ettgg emjlud-emn lijol ijeols, omd o tferd hy Cyrnyzstoms fu-`om renfts i`huds`om.

    Omoro Uusupivo, Oydoy Ticimivo, omd Hgcsultom

    Zodyrculiv org psgudimy`s air kiurmolests em Cyrnyzstom.

    Xgpuhlesfgd wetf pgr`esseim ari` www.ewpr.mgt

    Ji``umol jlosf gsjolotgs emti piletejol riw

    Tfgrg es vedgi aiitong sfiwemn

    o `om jollemn im vellongrs ti nevg

    tfg Curds 84 fiurs ti pojc up omd

    lgovg tfg jiumtry

    OMOXO UWZWRIQO, OUDOU TICIMIQO & HGCZWLTOM ZODUXCWLIQ

    TF

    G

    ZpgctotirTfg Zpgctotir- tostegr tfom hgshor`oc .ji.uc

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    Aijus?4

    @oy 8225 Tfg Zpgctotir www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc

    FG JLOE@ TFOT IMGia Kgsus twglvg des-

    jeplgs degd em Cyrnyzstom omd miw legshuregd umdgr o Jfresteom @imostgry sumchgmgotf tfg suraojg ia Essyc Cul sgg`sprgpistgrius ot rst `irg lecgly o rusg

    hy om e`onemotevg tiures` ijeol ti gmnemggr opelnre` hii`, ir tfg rovemns ia o dgluseimol Irtfi-dix jlgrny`om, pgrfops9 Hut rgjgmt desjivgregs hyo tgo` ia orjfogilinests fos sfgd mgw lenft im Zt

    @ottfgws ru`iurgd trgc dggp emti tfg Oseom jim-temgmt omd ports ia tfg stiry, et sgg`s, org mit quetgsi prgpistgrius oatgr oll.

    Et hgnems wetf o `op

    Img ia tfg `ist emtgrgstemn pegjgs ia gvedgmjg piemt-emn ti Zt @ottfgw hgemn huregd ot Essyc Cul es tfg `g-

    degvol Jotolom Otlos, miw cgpt ot tfg Moteimol Lehroryem Rores. Tfg Otlos, o lovesfly ellustrotgd rgmdgremn iatfg cmiwm omd tfg suspgjtgd wirld ari tfg @gde-tgrromgom ti tfg Aor Gost, wos ji`plgtgd em ?:>7 hyo @ollirjom Kgwesf `ostgr jortinropfgr, Ohrofo`Jrgsqugs, omd wos img ia tfg mgst `ops ia ets doy.Jrgsqugs emjludgd im fes op o rg`itg Jgmtrol Oseom

    locg mo`gd Usejill, prgveiusly umcmiwm ti Guripg-oms. Im ets mirtfgrm sfirg fg drgw o tg`plg dgjirot-gd wetf o jriss. Tfg ojji`pomyemn ommitoteim rgods;Tfg @imostgry ia tfg Or`gmeom Hritfgrs wfgrg tfghidy ia tfg Opistlg omd Gvomnglest Zoemt @ottfgw escgpt. Lgngmd fod et tfot Zt @ottfgw wos im fes woyti Emdeo, hut sujju`hgd ti tfg reniurs ia tfg riod ot

    Essyc Cul. Fes rglejs wgrg liicgd oatgr hy lijol Jfres-teoms umtel tfgy wgrg gvgmtuolly emtgrrgd ot o Mgstireom`imostgry aiumdgd im tfg sfirg ia tfg locg hy imcswfi fod gd ari pgrsgjuteim em tfg @eddlg Gost.

    Air fumdrgds ia ygors tfg aor ifl locg wetf ets limgly`imostgry wos enmirgd. Et wos mit umtel tfg `eddlg

    ia tfg memgtggmtf jgmtury tfot tfg Xusseom gxplirgr

    Rgtgr Zg`gmiv-Tegm-Zfomscy sow tfg otlos em Qgmejgomd trovgllgd ti Essyc Cul ti emvgstenotg tfg orgo airfe`sgla. Fiwgvgr, upim fes orrevol ot tfg locg omd oa-tgr si`g gormgst picemn oriumd, fg aiumd mi trojgia Jrgsqugs imostgry. Wmhiwgd, fg dgtgr`emgd olecgly setg air sujf o hueldemn im tfg Cur`gmty Hoyim tfg mirtfgost sfirg ia tfg locg, hut onoem aoelgdti md omy ortgaojts em tfg wotgr ir im tfg sfirg ti

    lgmd wgenft ti fes suppiseteim.Em tfg twgmtegtf jgmtury tfgrg wgrg `irg ot-

    tg`pts ti md tfg glusevg `imostgry. Tfes te`gemtgrgst wos aommgd aurtfgr hy omitfgr lgngmd - otrgosurg op suppisgdly nevgm ti o Xusseom `enrem tfg ?582s hy o dyemn Irtfidix jlgrny`om wfifod hggm levemn em gxelg em Jfemo. Tfg `op `orcgd

    tfg imostgry si`gwfgrg olimn tfg mirtfgostgrmsfirg ia tfg locg omd dgsjrehgd nrgot rejfgs huregdumdgr ets wolls. Twi sgorjfgs, img hy o lgodemn Es-syc Cul trehgs`om omd omitfgr hy o Xusseom sgttlgr,hitf aoelgd ti md getfgr tfg trgosurg ir tfg `im-ostgry hut tfg lgngmd rgausgd ti deg.

    Em tfg ?572s tfg sgorjf wos tocgm up hy ijeol

    irnomezoteims wetf tfg cmiwlgdng omd pgr`es-seim ia tfg CNH, hut oll ojtevety wos cgpt sgjrgtari` tfg puhlej. Em ?5>1 tfg Cyrnyz NgilinejolDgport`gmt tiic ivgr tfg rgenms omd gxplirgdtfg orgo oriumd tfg so`g Cur`gmty Hoy setg tfotfod si emtgrgstgd Zg`gmiv-Tegm-Zfomscy. Tfgyjo`g ti tfg vonug jimjluseim tfot tfg orgo pis-

    sehly jimjgolgd mim-agrrius `gtols omd rgji`-`gmdgd aurtfgr gxpliroteim.Orjfogiliny wirc wos stortgd onoem em tfg `ed

    memgtegs hut siim stollgd dug ti o lojc ia momj-emn. Aemolly em ?555, wetf tfg suppirt ia airgenmemvgstirs, pgr`esseim wos ihtoemgd ti jorry iut

    Ti ^gllemns emvgstenotgs sgvgrol ia tfg

    `omy lgngmds tfot surriumd Essyc Cul emjlud-emn img Dom Hriwm-gsqg tolg ia o list imos-

    tgry im tfg sfirg ia Essyc Cul tfot `oy hg tfg

    hureol setg ia Zt @ottfgw - omjegmt Rolostemeom,

    tox jillgjtir, omd desjeplg ia Kgsus.

    JFXEZ XEJCLGTIM

    Essyc Cul

    Xenft O sgjteim ia tfg Jotolom Otlos sfiwemn

    om (upsedg diwm) jorovom ia jo`gls trovgllemn

    olimn tfg Zelc Xiod. Zgg dgtoel hgliw.

    @ytfejol

    TI@ ^GLLEMNZ

    T

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    Aijus ?7

    www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc @oy 8225 Tfg Zpgctotir

    tfiriunf orjfogilinejol rgsgorjf tfriunfiut tfggmterg Essyc Cull rgneim omd ot limn lost si`g siled

    gvedgmjg ia `gdegvol Jfresteom niemns-im hgnomti g`grng.

    Jotoji`hs hy tfg sfirg

    Tfg lotgst tgo ti gxplirg Tegm-Zfomscys fumjf ot Cur-`gmty Hoy wos lgd hy Rriagssir Qlode`er Rliscecf ari`tfg Cyrnyz Zlovej Wmevgrsety. Fes tgo , wircemn im o

    setg tfot fod prgveiusly hggm mitgd hy orjfogilinests,desjivgrgd omd gxjovotgd strgtjfgs ia o diuhlg airte-gd woll. @irg dennemn umgortfgd om ohumdomjg ia`gdegvol ortgaojts emjludemn jgro`ejs, hurmgd hrejcs,wgopims omd pittgry, roesemn fipg tfot tfg tgo`wgrg im ti si`gtfemn spgjeol. Lijol vellongrs tfgm lgdtfg tgo ti tfg gmtromjg ia o mgtwirc ia jotoji`hsohiut 722 `gtrgs ti tfg gost ia tfg rst setg. Tfg joto-

    ji`hs fod hggm cmiwm ti lijols air si`g te`g hutmihidy fod prgveiusly jimmgjtgd tfg wetf tolgs iao `imostgry. Emvgstenoteim sfiwgd tfot tfg tummglsfod hggm jimstrujtgd wetf priagsseimol ojjurojy omdlgd ti mu`grius s`oll rii`s. Ot img piemt, tfg tgo`jo`g ojriss tfg rg`oems ia om orjf wfgrg si`g gtol

    pemtlgs fod hggm fo``grgd dggp emti tfg jloy. Tfgodvomjgd jirriseim sunngstgd tfg `gtol wos ia suh-stomteol ong omd lgd ti spgjuloteim o`imnst orjfog-ilinests tfot tfg twi setgs wgrg jimmgjtgd.

    Zi fovg tfg ruems ia tfg O`greom Hritfgrs @im-ostgry molly hggm put hojc im tfg `op9 Zi`g tom-telesemn ortgaojts wgrg rgjivgrgd hy Rliscecfs tgo`emjludemn o hrimzg jriss (tfot wos lotgr list) hut tfg

    Rriagssir hglegvgs et es tiigorly ti drow omy jimjlu-seims. Tfg tgo` fipgstfot mgw gxpgdeteims welldglvg dggpgr emti tfg`ystgry omd umgortf er-rgautohlg gvedgmjg ia o

    `imostgry - omd tfg irgipte`estej fovgmt listfipg ia mdemn tfg aohlgd rglejs ia Zt @ottfgw. Hutgvgm ea tfg ild Opistlg esmt dun up, priia tfot tfgorgo wos fi`g ti o ji``umety ia rgaungg Mgstireom`imcs levemn im tfg sfirgs ia o iumtoem locg em tfgfgort ia Jgmtrol Oseo wiuld hg om emtrenuemn gmiunf

    stiry em ets iwm renft.

    @ossojrg ot tfg @imostgry em Zvgtly @ys

    O `gdegvol slemnsfit owoy ari` tfg setg hglegvgd tifild tfg sgjrgts ia tfg omjegmt @imostgry ia Or`g-meom Hritfgrs legs tfg fo`lgt ia Zvgtly @ys, tfg setg iaom Irtfidix `imostgry aiumdgd hy tfg Xusseom Tsor

    em ?666. Tfg festiry ia tfes `imostgry es wgll diju-`gmtgd, hut ets sfirt omd tronej stiry fos olsi nevgmresg ti ystgry omd lgngmd.

    Em ?5?1 tfg imostgry wos ottojcgd hy omte-Tsorestrghgls wfi cellgd oll hut twi ia ets twgmty-sex imcs.Om ejim ia tfg Qernem @ory fiusgd em tfg `imostgrysjfurjf wos soed ti fovg sfgd tgors ia hliid, rgpgllgd

    hullgts omd nliwgd wetf om gtfgrgol lenft duremn tfgottojc. Img `oy hg sjgptejol ohiut tfg ejims ollgngdhgfoveiur umdgr rg3 mgvgrtfglgss, et survevgd tfgromsojcemn omd jom miw hg sggm, dry gygd, em tfg Ir-tfidix Jotfgdrol em Corocil.

    Ia tfg survevemn `imcs, img gsjopgd ti Omom-ygvi omd tfg itfgr ti Ol`oty3 hitf fovg semjg hggm

    jomimezgd. Img ia tfg `imcs, Erocely, wfi gd ti

    Omomygvi,wos pritgjtgd hy o nriup ia vellongrs. Oa-tgr tfg rgviluteim tfgy huelt o sgjrgt jgll air fe emwfejf fg levgd air twgmty ygors, gvgmtuolly dyemn em?5:>. Et es soed tfot tferty-genft ygors oatgr fes hureol,wfgm omitfgr vellongr wos hgemn loed ti rgst, vellongrsdesjivgrgd tfot tfg `imcs rg`oems sfiwgd mi senms

    ia dgjoy. Fg wos jomimezgd hy tfg Xusseom IrtfidixJfurjf em @isjiw em 8222 omd fes hidy wos gxfu`gd

    omd tromsagrrgd ti Hesfcgcs Irtfidix Jotfgdrol.Tidoy tfg agw `imostgry huldemns ot Zvgtly @ys

    tfot org stell stomdemn fovg hggm turmgd ti itfgr usgs.Tfg `imcs stirg fiusg es miw o `ell, omd tfg ol`-sfiusg omd rgagjtiry fovg hggm rgmivotgd omd orgusgd hy o jfeldrgms fi`g . Jimsgqugmtly tfgrg es lettlglgat ti sgg, hut iwemn ti ets emtrenuemn post omd tolgs

    ia lijol opporteteims tfg sgttlg`gmt gxudgs om ggregollurg omd es imly o sfirt dgtiur ari tfg `oem riod,sfiuld yiu wesf ti poy o veset im tfg woy ti Corocil.

    Zumcgm jetegs

    Ztromng tolgs ia Essyc Cul ni hgyimd glusevg `imos-tgregs omd umairtumotg `imcs - tfg locg es olsi fistti o jillgjteim ia `eme-Otlomtesgs. Et es hglegvgd tfot

    o moturol pfgmi`gmim jousgs tfg wotgr lgvgl em Es-syc Cul ti sliwly ujtuotg resemn omd aollemn os ea etwgrg hrgotfemn. Tfes tfgiry wiuld ni si`g woy tigxploememn tfg ohumdomjg ia sumcgm ruems. Ia tfg`omy orjfogilinejol emvgstenoteims umdgrtocgm emrgjgmt ygors, twi ia tfg `ist e`pirtomt desjivgregs

    ijjurgd ifl Horsciim (im tfg siutf sfirg) omd Tyup(ot tfg gostgrm gxtrg`ety ia tfg locg).

    Festiry omd lgngmd org hlurrgd si`gwfot, hutet es soed tfot oatgr jimqugremn Rgrseo em :85HJ Olgx-omdgr tfg Nrgot tiic o nriup ia mihlg`gm fistongti prgvgmt pissehlg rgvilts. Tfg fistongs wgrg tfgmtocgm olimn im Olgxomdgrs tro`p tiwords Jfemoomd Emdeo, hut Olgxomdgr jfomngd fes `emd ohiut

    tfger wirtf gm riutgomdjut tfg` liisg im tfgsfirgs ia Essyc Cul. ^etfmi fipg ia rgturmemnfi`g si`g ia tfg Rgr-seom mihlg`gm huelt otiwm em tfg trodeteimol

    Rgrseom stylg omd mo`gdet Horscfom (miw cmiwm

    os tfg vellong ia Horsciim). Nroduolly, port ia tfgomjegmt tiwm wos iidgd hy tfg resemn wotgr ia tfglocg, ohomdimgd omd airnittgm.

    O rgsgorjf gxpgdeteim emjludemn o tgo` ia sje-gmtests ari tfg Cyrnyz Zlovej Wmevgrsety omd devgrs

    ari Xusseo fos rgjgmtly rgtregvgd ivgr img fumdrgdortgaojts ari` olimn tfg jiost hgtwggm Horsciimomd Dorcfom emjludemn donngrs, o hrimzg sojrejeolpit, omd hrimzg hodngs dgpejtemn smiw lgipordstfot wgrg usgd ti dgjirotg tfg jlitfgs ia o jfega.

    Ot tfg Tyup setg, orjfogilinests hglegvg tfgy fovgaiumd tfg ruems ia tfg ao`ius jety ia Jfenu, tfg ngm-

    grol fgodquortgrs ia tfg omjegmt Wsum trehol olleomjg`gmteimgd em Jfemgsg jfrimejlgs. Tfger mdemns sun-ngst tfot Jfenu wos mit aiumdgd hy iutsedgrs em tfgsgjimd jgmtury HJ os si`g sjegmtests fovg jloe`gd,hut hy lijol pgiplg os ujf os genft-fumdrgd ygorsgorlegr. Orjfogilinests miw tfemc tfot Jfenu wosmit kust tfg fgodquortgrs ia tfg mi`odej rulgr, hut

    o tiwm ia jroats`gm omd aor`grs os wgll, sfgddemnmgw lenft im tfg rgloteimsfep hgtwggm sgttlgd omdmi`odej ji``umetegs ia tfg doy.

    Essyc Cul fos hggm rglujtomt ti nevg up ets sgjrgts,hut ets hgojfgs omd jlgor hlug wotgr org sliwly rg-wordemn orjfogilinests gflirts wetf om emsenft emtitfg rgneims ji`plgx post. Iwemn ti ets rg`itg lijo-

    teim, lettlg rgsgorjf fos hggm jorregd iut hgairg wfejf

    lgods img ti fipg tfot tfg foul ia gxjetemn festirejolortgaojts omd imu`gmts es imly kust hgnemmemn. etf`irg ford wirc omd o lettlg niid airtumg et sgg`sCyrnyz orjfgilinests well siim hg hgttgr plojgd tifglp us destemnuesf hgtwggm tfg rgneims festirejolaojts omd ets `omy hgnuelemn `ytfs omd lgngmds.

    Om ejim ia tfg Qernem @ory tfot

    wos fiusgd em tfg `imostgrys

    jfurjf wos soed ti fovg sfgd

    tgors ia hliid, rgpgllgd hullgts omd

    nliwgd wetf om gtfgrgol lenft

    Tip Ortgaojts rgjivgrgd ari` tfg jistol wo-

    tgrs ia Essyc Cul emjludemn jrissgs, gorly air`s

    ia `imgy omd pittgry emsjrehgd wetf Jfresteom

    sy`hils (Oll pfitis ari` tfg ijeol gxpgde-

    teim po`pflgt)

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    Aijus

    @oy 8225 Tfg Zpgctotir www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc

    ?1

    GLGMO CGLLGX FOZ ^OTJFGDfgr ji`-

    `umety stgodely dwemdlg ivgr tfg posttwi dgjodgs. Tfgrg wos o te`g wfgmgtfmej Ngr`oms `odg up tfg `okirety em

    fgr lettlg vellong ia wedg, jlgom strggts omdmgotly cgpt jittongs, lijotgd ohiut om fiurs drevgari` tfg Cyrnyz jopetol ia Hesfcgc. Miw tfgy org o`emirety em tfg vellong jollgd Xit-Arimt.

    Cgllgr omd fgr mgenfhirs dgsjgmd ari` o nriupia @gmmimetg hglegvgrs wfi orrevgd em Cyrnyzeo emtfg lotg ?5tf jgmtury liicemn air o plojg ti arggly

    projtejg tfger aoetf. Tfgy sjottgrgd ojriss tfg JfueQollgy, aiumdemn plojgs sujf os Comt omd Lyucsg`-hurn. Hy tfg ?562s, Xit-Arimt wos ohsilutgly Ngr-`om3 tfgrg wos imly img Cyrnyz ao`ely, soys Cgl-lgr. Diwm tfg strggt, Omdrge, xemn fes Oude sgdom,

    onrggs. Fg soys tfg vellong wos imjg mgorly ?22 pgr-jgmt Ngr`om @gmmimetg. Miw, tfgy gste`otg, imly?82 iut ia sgvgrol tfiusomd rg`oem. ^etf nlosmist

    omd emdgpgmdgmjg, `ist wgrg lurgd owoy ti Ngr-`omy hy drgo`s ia o hgttgr leag.

    Hernett ^umdgr, o Ngr`om tgojfgr ot tfg @o-`osfivo Zjfiil, wfgrg Cgllgrs jfeldrgm study,spgocs ohiut lijol festiry em o rii` gqueppgd hytfg Qilcswongm Aiumdoteim. Zpimsirgd hy fgrsjfiil hojc em Graurt, Ngr`omy, sfg rgjiumts tfot

    em tfg `ed-?6tf jgmtury, tfg Xusseom tsoremo, Jotf-gremg tfg Nrgot, emvetgd Ngr`oms ti sgttlg em vost,umpipulotgd strgtjfgs ia om gxpomdemn Xusseomg`perg. Tfot ipgmgd tfg woy air si`g Ngr`oms tigvgmtuolly `ocg et diwm ti Cyrnyzstom.

    Itfgr Ngr`oms orrevgd em Cyrnyzstom veo o irgairjgd riutg. Os tfg Zivegt Wmeim aiunft Moze Ngr-

    `omy em ^irld ^or EE, `omy gtfmej Ngr`oms wgrgdgpirtgd ti Jgmtrol Oseo os o prgjouteim onoemstjillohiroteim wetf tfg emvodemn or`y. ^g wgrg

    aosjests ti tfg`, wg Ngr`oms, soys Hglgmder Xgem-

    nildivmo, 61, tgoraully rgjollemn fgr irdgol. Zfgwos dgpirtgd ari` tfg Xusseom Aor Gost ti Zehgreo.Air vg ygors, sfg wircgd os o linngr em o airjgd

    lohir jo`p.Em tfg ?572s, oatgr tfg dgotf ia Kisgpf Ztolem,

    Xgemnildivmo wos molly olliwgd emtgrmol trovgl po-pgrs omd em ?518 sfg jo`g ti Tic`ic, mit aor ari`Xit-Arimt omd olrgody o jgmtgr ia Ngr`om julturg emmirtfgrm Cyrnyzstom.

    Tfg Ngr om G`hossy em Hesfcgc gste otgs up ti

    ?82,222 gtfmej Ngr`oms levgd em Cyrnyzstom imly 82ygors oni. Tfgrg org miw lgss tfom ?2,222, soys O`-hossodir Filngr Nrggm. E wiuld nugss tfot `istia tfg` aggl si`gwfgrg hgtwggm twi sijegtegs... cmiwemn tfgy fovg si`g Xusseom jevelezoteim em

    tfg`, tfgy fovg si`g Ngr`om jevelezoteim em tfg`,omd tfgy levg em o mgwly-emdgpgmdgmt jiumtry wetfo tferd edgmtety, soys Nrggm, jlgorly aosjemotgd hy tfg

    festiry ia Ngr`oms em Jgmtrol Oseo.^fgm tfg Zivegt Wmeim stortgd sliwly ipgmemn

    up hojc em tfg lotg ?562s, Ngr`omy iflgrgd jetezgm-sfep ti omyimg wfi jiuld privg Ngr`om omjgs-try. @omy ku`pgd ot tfg ippirtumety. Tfg pojg em-jrgosgd oatgr Cyrnyzstom noemgd emdgpgmdgmjg em?55?. Miw, Cgllgr ihsgrvgs, oll `y rglotevgs org em

    Ngr`omy. @y hritfgr `ivgd tfgrg ohiut ?2 ygorsoni. Fgrg, et es kust y jfeldrgm, fushomd, omd itf-gr. Im `y fushomds sedg, fg fos imly fos o sestgrlgat fgrg. Kust ohiut gvgryimg fos o rglotevg em Ngr-`omy, et sgg`s. Jfeldrgm ot sjfiil dgsjrehg tfg neatstfger nromdporgmts sgmd. Wmjlgs, oumts omd sehlemnslevg tfgrg3 vesets org ji``im.

    Hut tfisg rg`oememn org lgss lecgly ti `ivg miw,omgjditol gvedgmjg sunngsts. Nrggm sggs o sliw dg-jlemg em tfg mu`hgr ia Ngr`oms lgovemn Cyrnyzstom.

    IvgrGxidusDoved Trellemn vesets Xit-Arimt omd mds o

    ji``umety ia gtfmej Ngr`oms jlemnemn imti tfger trodeteims dgspetg tfg dgporturg ia

    `omy aglliw Ngr`oms lgovemn tfg` o `e-

    mirety em tfger iwm vellong.

    DOQED TXELLEMN

    U

    XenftZmiw-joppgd `iumtoems resg hgfemd tfg

    `oem strggt lgodemn emti em Xit-Arimt. (Doved

    Trellemn air GuroseoMgt)

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    Aijus ?>

    www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc @oy 8225 Tfg Zpgctotir

    Tfg Ngr`om G`hossy prijgssgd popgrs air ?51 ti

    g`enrotg em 822> omd ??? em 8226, o sforp aoll ari` tfgpojg duremn tfg ?552s, fg mitgd. Aojemn ji`ploemtstfot Zivegt-Ngr`oms dimt osse`elotg ir spgoc Ngr-

    `om, Hgrlem fos olsi odg tgsts irg dejult.^g mitejgd et wos mit olwoys gosy air us ti em-

    tgnrotg o lorng mu`hgr ia pgiplg `enrotemn ari`tfg air`gr Zivegt Wmeim ti Ngr`omy. @omy ia tfggtfmej Ngr`oms wgrg mit Ngr`om spgocgrs, irspicg lettlg Ngr`om. Uiu fod ao`elegs wfi hose-jolly wiuld ji``umejotg

    em Xusseom ot fi`g3 tfgjfeldrgm wiuld fovg de-jultegs emtgnrotemn emti tfgsjfiils, Nrggm soys.

    ^g emtridujgd tfg

    ihlenoteim ti ojquerg o`eme`u` cmiwlgdng iaNgr`om em tfger jiumtregs

    ia irenem, fg odds.O `emirety em fgr iwm vellong, Cgllgr es mimgtfg-

    lgss priud ia fgr Ngr`om fgretong omd lomnuong.Em `y ao`ely, wfgm wg org oriumd tfg fiusg,

    wg olwoys spgoc em Ngr`om. @oyhg wfgm tfg cedsni iut ti ploy, hgjousg tfgrg org olsi Xusseom omdCyrnyz ceds, tfgy spgoc Xusseom, sfg soys. Hut ot

    tfg lijol sjfiil, tgojfgrs sunngst si`g studgmtsfovg imly o agghlg nrosp ia tfg lomnuong, omdsgvgrol studgmts od`et tfgy org `irg jimdgmtem Xusseom.

    Ztgpfom @umjfiss ari` Zoxim-Omfolt, omitf-gr tgojfgr em Xit-Arimt, dgsjrehgs tfg lomnuongspicgm hy fes @gmmimetg studgmts; Tfgy spgoc o

    spgjeol deolgjt ari` tfg mirtfgrm port ia Ngr`omy,mgor tfg Mgtfgrlomds, jollgd Rlot-Dgutsjfg. Ea tfgytolc ti gojf itfgr, E jomt umdgrstomd.

    Fg soys tfg trug mu`hgr ia gtfmej-Ngr`oms em

    Cyrnyzstom es fenfgr tfom img wiuld gxpgjt, `omyhgemn wgll osse`elotgd. Tfgrg org img ir twi Ngr-`om ao`elegs em gvgry vellong. @oyhg :,222 levg em

    Hesfcgc omd si`g dimt gvgm cmiw tfgyrg Ngr-`om. Et es wrettgm Ngr`om em tfger posspirt, huttfgy dimt fovg Ngr`om trodeteims omd `omy dimit cmiw tfg lomnuong.

    Air `omy, Cyrnyzstom es fi`g, rgnordlgss ia gtf-mejety. Hgsedgs, air tfg gldgrly, jfomng es mit gosy.

    Os o jfeld, Gduord Ge-

    tsgm, >:, wos dgpirtgdari` fes fi`g mgor tfgwgstgrm Xusseom jetyia Qirimgzf ti o lohirjo`p em tfg Orjtej Jer-

    jlg. Oatgr tfg wor, fggvgmtuolly gmdgd up emCyrnyzstom. Et es fi`g,

    fg soys. Rgiplg levg orejf leag em Ngr`omy, hut wg org usgd ti o deflgr-gmt leagstylg fgrg. Ea yiu mggd si`gtfemn, yiu jomni ti yiur mgenfhir omd fg well sforg wetf yiu.

    Tfgy fovg o deflgrgmt `gmtolety em Ngr`omy. E wosiflgrgd ti `ivg omd levg em Ngr`omy. E tfiunftohiut et o lit. Hut `y weag es Xusseom omd E fovg

    jfeldrgm. E jiuldmt lgovg tfg`.Tfiunf Xgemnildivmos setuot eim es se`elor,

    sfg fos mi diuhts ohiut fgr edgmtety. E livg tfotE o` Ngr`om. @y hehlg es em Ngr`om, E rgod emNgr`om omd semn em Ngr`om. E well deg Ngr`om,sfg soys.

    Orte jlg rgpridu jgd wetf cemd pgr`es seim ari`

    www.guroseomgt.irn

    Tfgrg org img ir twi Ngr`om

    ao`elegs em gvgry vellong. @oyhg

    :,222 levg em Hesfcgc omd si`g

    dimt gvgm cmiw tfgyrg Ngr`om

    OhivgCoremo, ??3 Omngleco, ??3 omd Qgrimeco,

    ??, org Ngr`om studgmts studyemn ot tfg @o-`osfivo Zjfiil em Xit-Arimt. Qgrimeco es wfil-

    ly Ngr`om omd tfg itfgr twi nerls org Ngr`om-

    Xusseom. Oll fovg ao`ely em Ngr`omy. (Doved

    Trellemn air GuroseoMgt)

    Lgat Em ?54?, Hglgmder Xgemnildivmo, miw 61,

    wos dgpirtgd ari` tfg Xusseom Aor Gost ti Ze-hgreo. Air vg ygors sfg wircgd os o linngr em

    o airjgd lohir jo`p. ^g wgrg aosjests ti tfg`,

    wg Ngr`oms, sfg soys. (Doved Trellemn air Guro-

    seoMgt)

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    Aijus?6

    @oy 8225 Tfg Zpgctotir www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc

    FG ZI@ OZ EMTXIDWJGD em Cyrnyzstom

    im @oy ?2, ?55:, rgplojemn tfg Zivegt ru-hlg. Em tfg Zivegt Wmeim, spgocgrs ia Co-zocf, Cyrnyz omd Wzhgc fod jollgd tfg ru-hlg tfg si`, omd tfes mo`g oppgorgd im

    tfg hojc ia homcmitgs os img ia atggm oltgrmotevg

    mo`gs air tfg ruhlg rgprgsgmtemn tfg atggm i-jeol lomnuongs ia tfg Wmeim. Tfg wird si` `goms

    purg em Cozocf, Cyrnyz, Wynfur omd Wzhgc, oswgll os em `omy itfgr Turcej lomnuongs omd e`-plegs purg nild.

    Img si`

    Ohdylos @oldyhogv (?521-?5>6), o Cyrnyz ji`pisgrhirm em Coro Huloc, Hotcgm ihlost, fos tfg fimiur ia

    oppgoremn im tfg usuolly swgot-stoemgd, `orsfrut-

    co-hottgrgd img si` mitg. Em oddeteim ti si`g scel-aul ji`pisemn emjludemn tfg omtfg` ti tfg CyrnyzZivegt Zijeolest Xgpuhlej, @oldyhogv olsi aiumdte`g ti semn os om ipgrotej tgmir. Tfg Cyrnyz IpgroHollgt Fiusg es mo`gd em fes fimiur.

    Aevg Zi`

    Ao`ius hollgremo, Huhusoro Hgysfgmolegvo, wfi emfgr lotgr ygors troemgd sgvgrol ngmgroteims ia domj-grs omd wos img ia tfg aiumdgrs ia tfg Cyrnyz Hol-lgt Zjfiil, stors im tfg vg si` mitg.

    Hirm emti o pgosomt ao`ely em tfg vellong ia Tosf-Tuhg mit aor ari` Hesfcgc em ?581, Hgysfgmolegvowgmt ti ti study ot tfg Lgmemnrod Zjfiil ia Jfirg-

    inropfy ot tfg ong ia tgm, dghutemn ot tfg HilsfieTfgotgr em @isjiw kust tfrgg ygors lotgr. Ivgr tfgmgxt tferty ygors sfg hgjo`g om g`emgmt hollgre-mo pgrair`emn em sujf jlossejs os Zwom Locg, Dim_uexitg, Xi`gi omd Kulegt os wgll os o mu`hgr iaXusseom omd Cyrnyz moteimol hollgts.

    Glgjtgd os o `g`hgr ia tfg Zuprg`g Zivegt ia

    tfg WZZX omd tfg Cyrnyz ZZX, sfg wos olsi oword-gd tfg tetlg Moteimol Orest ia tfg WZZX em ?576 oswgll os sgvgrol itfgr prgsteneius prezgs omd tetlgs.

    Zfg degd sex doys hgairg fgr airty-sgvgmtf

    TODORTGD AXI@ O DEZRLOU OT TFG JFILRIM OTO @WZWG@

    hertfdoy em ?5>:. Zemjg tfgm tfgrg fovg hggm twiemtgrmoteimol agstevols ia hollgt fgld em fgr `g`-iry em Hesfcgc. Fgr stotug, img ia imly twi stot-ugs fimiuremn hollgremos ti fovg hggm grgjtgdem tfg air`gr Zivegt Wmeim, jurrgmtly stomds emtfg nriumds ia tfg Fyott Xgngmjy. Nivgrm`gmt

    dg`omd air hgttgr puhlej ojjgss ti tfg stotug rg-sultgd em tfg fitgls hen hlojc pgre`gtgr agmjg hg-emn tirm diwm lost ygor.

    Tgm si`

    Tfg tgm si` mitg es nrojgd hy Cosy` Tymystomiv(?52?- ?5:6), o sjfilor, priagssir omd pigt. Hirm emo vellong em tfg Essyc Cul rgneim, fg wos tounft ti

    rgod omd wretg hy fes aotfgr hgairg ottgmdemn o rgle-neius sjfiil. Fg lotgr wgmt ti Tosfcgmt ti study omdhgnom wirc os o wretgr air mgwspopgrs omd `ono-zemgs. Lotgr fg wos ti wirc im tfg dgvglip`gmt iatfg Cyrnyz olpfohgt, rst gxpgre`gmtemn wetf Oro-hej omd lotgr Lotem jforojtgrs. Fes rgpirt, Tfg @oemRremjeplgs ia Jrgotemn o Mgw Olpfohgt wos prg-

    sgmtgd ot tfg rst jimnrgss ia Turcilinests em Hocuem ?581 omd hgjo`g tfg nuedemn diju`gmt duremntfg air`uloteim ia tfg mgw wrettgm air` ia Cyrnyz.Em ?5:: fg puhlesfgd o dejteimory ia lemnuestej tgr`somd wgmt im ti wretg si`g ia tfg rst hiics ti hgpuhlesfgd em tfg Cyrnyz lomnuong.

    Fg hgjo`g o `g`hgr ia tfg Ji``umest Rorty

    omd tromslotgd rgviluteimory simns (sujf os tfgEmtgrmoteimolg) emti Cyrnyz. Fiwgvgr, fg wosposseimotg ohiut prgsgrvemn omd pri`itemn Cyr-nyz julturg omd lomnuong wfejf hriunft fe`emti jimejt wetf tfg nivgrm`gmt duremn tfg groia Ztolems rgprgsseims. Fg agll emti desaoviur wetftfg outfiretegs, wos rgprgssgd em ?5:> omd gxg-

    jutgd em ?5:6. Tiwords tfg gmd ia 8228, o `imu-`gmt wos grgjtgd em Corocil ti Tymystomiv omdCfussgem Corosogv o aglliw wretgr omd sjfilorwfi olsi wircgd im tfg dgvglip`gmt ia tfg Cyr-nyz olpfohgt omd img ia tfg rst Xusseom/Cyrnyzdejteimoregs.

    Ti jglghrotg tfg rgjgmt loumjf ia tfg 7222 si`mitg (e`onemg ngttemn o toxe drevgr ti nevg yiujfomng ari` img ia tfg`) wg tocg o liic ot tfglevgs ia si`g nrgot Cyrnyz nurgs wfisg aojgs orgg`hlozimgd ojriss tfg itfgr si` homcmitgs. Rort

    twi, agoturemn tfg hen fettgrs im tfg 722, ?222 omd

    tfg mgw 7222 mitgs well ailliw mgxt `imtf.

    Jlijcwesg ari` Xenft Cur`omkom Dotco, Tic-

    tinul, Tinilic @ildi, Husuhoro Hgysfgm-

    olegvo, omd Cosy` tymystomiv

    NomnZi`

    Tfg

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    Aijus ?5

    www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc @oy 8225 Tfg Zpgctotir

    Twgmty si`

    Im tfg twgmty si` mitg wg md Tinilic @ildi(?612-?548). Hirm Hoyy`hgt Ohdyrocf`omiv emOc Toloo royim, Morym ihlost, Tinilic @ildi wos opigt, om ocym(o Cyrnyz emstrgl) omd img ia tfg hgst

    cmiwm twgmtegtf jgmtury `omosjfe(rgjetgrs ia tfg

    nrgot @omos gpej). Wmlecg Tictinul, tfg itfgr nrgotocymia tfg doy, Tinilic @ildi wos ohlg ti wretgomd si `omy ia fes vgrsgs wgrg wrettgm diwm. Fgrgjirdgd omd writg diwm omy moteimol ailc simnsos wgll os fes iwm vgrsgs omd `omy ia tfg tgxts orgmiw cgpt em tfg @omusjrept Lehrory ia tfg Moteimol

    Ojodg`y ia Zjegmjgs.Hirm emti o `usejol ao`ely, upim tfg dgotf ia fes

    aotfgr, Tinilic @ildi wos hriunft up hy om umjlgwfi wos o wgll-cmiwm ci`uzploygr. Fg wos ollgn-gdly nevgm tfg mo`g Tinilic @ildi hy fes oudegmj-gs - tinilic `goms riumd-aojgd, `ildi `goms omgdujotgd pgrsim.

    Aeaty si`

    Agoturemn im tfg aty si` mitg, Cur`omkom Dotco(?6??-?52>), wos om iutstomdemn Cyrnyz stotgs-wi`om. Zfg es si`gte`gs cmiwm os tfg Tsoremo iaOloe ir tfg _uggm ia tfg Ziutf - tfg wird Dotco`goms Ngmgrol.

    Hirm emti o se`plg mi`od ao`ely ia tfg @im-nusf Jlom em tfg Oloe @iumtoems sfg wos sup-pisgd ti `orry o `ujf ildgr `om wfgm sfgwos genftggm, hut, hrgocemn wetf trodeteim, sfgrom owoy hojc ti fgr aotfgrs yurt em tfg Oloe. Em?6:8, tfg agudol lird, Ole`hgc, wfi fod tocgmtfg tetlg Dotco omd rulgd oll tfg Cyrnyz ia tfg

    Oloe, arggd fgr ari` tfg `orreong jimtrojt omd`orregd fgr. Ole`hgc degd oatgr o polojg jiupem ?618, omd Cur`omkom notfgrgd oriumd fgrtfg aoetfaul hotyrs (fgrigs) omd wgmt im ti niv-grm tfg Oloe fgrsgla. Zfg wos rgjinmezgd hy tfgcfoms ia Hucforo omd Cicomd omd es img ia tfgagw wi`gm ti fovg hggm nromtgd tfg rilg ia

    rulgr em tfg @usle` wirld.

    Em ?6>1 tfg Oloe rgneim hgjo`g port ia tfg Xus-seom G`perg. ^fgm twi ia Cur`omkoms sims omdtwi ia fgr nromdsims wgrg ojjusgd ia rummemnjimtrohomd omd `urdgremn justi`s ijeols gvgmfgr stotus jiuld mit fglp sovg tfg`. Os fgr aoviur-

    etg sim wos ohiut ti hg fumn em tfg `oem squorg ia

    Isf sfg rgausgd tfg urnemn ia si`g ia fgr ailliw-grs ti gflgjt o rgsjug, soyemn tfot sfg wiuld mit

    fovg fgr prevotg fipgs omd o`heteims hg tfg jousgia suflgremn air fgr pgiplg. Fgr lo`gmt fos hggmprgsgrvgd em tfg air` ia o pig`. Fgr itfgr simwos gxelgd ti pgmol sgrvetudg em Zehgreo, omd Cur-`omkom, suflgremn ari` emsult omd sfo`g, rgtergd

    ari` puhlej leag nevemn owoy oll fgr pripgrty omdlgodemn o fgr`et lecg gxestgmjg em o vellong, rgaus-emn oll vesetirs. Zfg degd em tfg vellong ia @ody, mgorIsf, nreppemn tfg drgssemn niwm ia fgr aoviuretgsim. Zfg wos survevgd hy twi sims, twi dounftgrs,ivgr tferty nromdjfeldrgm, ivgr aty nrgot-nromd-jfeldrgm, omd sgvgrol nrgot-nrgot-nromdjfeldrgm.

    Img-fumdrgd si` (tfgstilmec)

    Tictinul Zotylnom uulu (?614-?5::) wfi storgsiut ari` tfg ?22 si` mitg wos o Cyrnyz pigt - rg-nordgd os o dg`ijrot, o tfemcgr, omd om iutstomd-emn pgrair`gr ia tfg ci`uz. Fg wos hirm emti opiir ao`ely em o vellong mgor ti wfgrg tfg TictinulXgsgrvier miw legs. Fes `itfgr wos o niid semngr

    omd tfg yiumn Tictinul hgnom semnemn ot tfg ongia genft. Lotgr, os o sfgpfgrd, fg `odg up simnsohiut tfg fordsfeps ia fes leag - o rgjurrgmt tfg`gtfriunfiut fes jorggr. Fg rg`oemgd piir tfriunf-iut fes leag, gvgm lisemn tfg wi`om fg livgd ti o

    rejfgr `om, omd fg olwoys pgrair`gd ot notfgr-

    emns ia piir pgiplg omd mit air tfg rejf, ohiutwfi` fg ji`pisgd dgrinotiry vgrsgs dgsjreh-emn fiw tfgy gxplietgd tfg `ossgs. Fg sgg`s tifovg fod o tolgmt air tfes stylg ia vgrsg - fg turmgdpriagsseimol ot tfg ong ia genftggm oatgr wemmemn otrodeteimol ji`pgteteim em wfejf twi jimtgstomts

    `odg up dgrinotiry vgrsgs ohiut gojf itfgr. Tfg`omops (orestijrojy) wgrg umfoppy ohiut si`gia fes simns omd fg wos ojjusgd ia portejepotemnem om upresemn onoemst tfg Xusseoms. Zgmtgmjgd tigxelg em Zehgreo, fg tregd sgvgrol te`gs ti gsjopg,sujjggdemn im tfg tferd ottg`pt oedgd hy ru`iurssprgod hy fes aregmds tfot fg fod driwmgd. Fes lotgr

    simns fovg `omy rgagrgmjgs ti fes Xusseom aregmds Zg`gm omd Foretim wfi fglpgd fe` gsjopg

    ari` fes pgmol sgrvetudg.Ot rst, proesgd hy tfg Zivegts os o sijeolest - et

    es soed tfot dg`ijrotej edgos em Cyrnyz festiry hg-nom wetf fe`, omd tfot Cyrnyz pigtry dotgs ari`?5?5 wfgm fg somn o guliny ia Lgmem air tfg li-

    jol ji``essor - fg lotgr agll emti desaoviur wetf tfgoutfiretegs.

    Fes leag omd wirc org usuolly devedgd emti aiurpgreids; tfg rst prg-Zehgreo pgreid es jforoj-tgrezgd hy trodeteimol ailc simns omd lyrejol livgsimns3 tfg sgjimd hy simns ia odvejg omd od`i-meteim3 tfg tferd `orcs fes rgturm ari` Zehgreo omd

    tfg lost ygors ia tfg E`pgreol G`perg omd emjludgstfg tronej simn, E Fovg Mi Zim ji`pisgd os o lo`-gmtoteim air fes sim, Tipjfyhoy, wfi degd wfelst

    Tictinul wos em gxelg3 tfg mol pgreid es cmiwm ostfg Zivegt pgreid wfgm fg ji`pisgd simns sujfos Limn levg Zivegt Riwgr omd tfg rotfgr wirdy^fot o @itfgr Et ^os ^fi Jiuld Nevg Hertf ti oZim Zujf os Lgmem.

    SFesP mol pgreid es cmiwm os

    tfg Zivegt pgreid duremn wfejf

    fg ji`pisgd simns sujf os Limn

    levg Zivegt Riwgr omd tfg rotfgr

    wirdy ^fot o @itfgr Et os fi

    Jiuld Nevg Hertf ti o Zim Zujf os

    Lgmem

  • 7/23/2019 Spektator Issue 5

    20/28

    @oy 8225 Tfg Zpgctotir www.tfgspgctotir.ji.uc

    Aijus82

    IZT @IXMEMNZ OT Turuzhgcivo Tgm, Eowicg ti tfg siumd ia sjuttlemn3 jlowgdaggt sledemn oriumd tfg s`iitf suraojg ia

    tfg aiurtf iir oport`gmt E sforgd wetf`y ot`otg Ilno. Ilno wos rgody ti ni

    ti Wmevgrsety, wfejf gomt Nelpi wos tii.Em tfg tfrgg `imtfs wg levgd tingtfgr E jollgd

    Nelpi `omy tfemns itfgr tfom Nelpi - o mo`g dg-revgd ari` Emtgr-nelpi, o strggt em tfg preniridme rg-neims ia Hesfcgc wfgrg sfg omd Ilno fod rst loedgygs im img omitfgr. Air Ilno, fiwgvgr, et fod hggm

    livg ot rst senft.E aiumd us o puppy. sfg gxjloe`gd gxjetgdly lotgr

    tfot gvgmemn. Esmt sfg hgouteaul9 Et wos umdgmeohlg

    tfot Nelpi wos o jutg din. Dgspetg hgemn hirm emtiurhom pivgrty omd hgemn suhsgqugmtly ohomdimgdhy fgr moturol `itfgr, sfg hirg o strimn lecgmgss ti_uggm Glezohgtf EEs jirnegs. Os wetf dig gygd yiumn

    aglims tfot wemd up em tfg so`g koel os `urdgrs omdropests sgrvemn leag sgmtgmjgs, ets soag ti soy tfot iursuhkgjt wiuldmt fovg survevgd omitfgr doy fod Ilnomit tocgm pety im fgr, rgsjuemn fgr ari` o dgspgrotg,nre`y gxestgmjg. Ari fgr vgry orrevol, Nelpi sfiwgdnrotetudg hy poemtemn iur wolls em ideius sfodgs ianrggm omd dgpisetemn fgr mgw degt ia din aiid, row

    `got omd Lepyisfco imtfg iir, pist-dengsteim.@irgivgr, et wosmt kustfgr iwm ujc sfg sprgod

    ohiut. fgm nugsts jo`gomd airnit ti lijc tfg tie-lgt diir ari` tfg iutsedg,

    Nelpi wiuld hiumd em omd cmijc tfg tielgt dusthemivgr, rg-g`grnemn jivgrgd em usgd hin rill omd itfgrumsoviury dgtretus. Img menft E rgturmgd fi`g em-ghreotgd omd airnit ti jlisg `y iwm diir. Tfg mgxt`irmemn Nelpi wos im fomd ti jrggp emti `y rii ,lgop imti `y hgd omd hremn `g ti leag wetf tfg sirtia sfiwgr mi-img womts ti tocg. E rgojtgd omnrely,

    tfriwemn fgr toel-ivgr-fgod ojriss tfg rii omd em-tridujemn fgr ti si`g jfiejg swgorwirds em Gmnlesf,wetf gquevolgmts em Xusseom em josg sfg fodmt umdgr-stiid. Ojjle`otezoteim wos ford im hitf ia us.

    Em Mivg`hgr, Ilno odg o trep ti tfg selc riod jet-egs ia Wzhgcestom, lgovemn g omd iur itfgr ot`otgwetf tfg umgmveohlg tosc ia hohysettemn Nelpi. Tfg

    do`mgd utt essgd fgr iwmgr si`gtfemn tgrrehlg,omd fiwlgd im tfg jild holjimy wfgrg wg airjgdfgr ti slggp os port ia om oltingtfgr tiunfgr, `irgmgnlengmt rgne`g. Oworg ia tfg jimtg`pt wg fgldfgr em, fgr hgfoveiur nrgw `irg omd `irg hgllengr-gmt, fgr oppgtetg air dgstrujteim emjrgosemnly emso-teohlg. Duremn tfg jiursg ia om gvgmemn wfgrg si`g

    aregmds ia iurs fod gxprgssgd om emtgrgst em hremnemnfgr em ari` tfg jild omd ployemn tejclg wetf fgr, Nelpiwelaully rom fgr jlows ivgr o DQD tfot wos lyemn edlgim tip ia ets josg mgor tfg tglgveseim. Et wos o le`etgdgdeteim vgrseim ia Tfg Dorc Cmenft hot`om `iveg.

    Tfg jillgjtevg `iid wos img ia iutrong. O dgjeseimim tfg lettlg hgosts auturg fod ti hg rgojfgd.

    Ot riunfly `edmenft im tfg so`g menft, wfgmtfg okirety ia iur nugsts fod lgat, wg fgld om g`gr-ngmjy jimagrgmjg ivgr o 8.7 letrg hittlg ia Tilstyochggr. Zi`g pitgmteol mgw iwmgrs wgrg edgmtegd,

    os wgrg o jiuplg ia Cirgom rgstouromts hy woy ia olost rgsirt. Ilno wiuld hg fgorthricgm img viejgemtgrkgjtgd. ^gd fovg ti tgll fgr tfot wg sgmt et ti

    levg im o aor`. Hut o doy ir si lotgr, wfelg wg wgrgstell stollemn im o plom, Ilno rgturmgd fi`g gorlegrtfom gxpgjtgd omd jfomngd fgr hglivgd pgts dgs-temy air o sgjimd te`g.

    Wmdgr fgr hgmgvilgmt wotjf, Nelpi dgvglipgd emtio fomdsi`g, wgll-agd puppy, omd o tfrevemn `g`hgria tfg @iscivsce porc din ji``umety. Zfg rgvgllgdem fgr rst smiw omd quejcly hgjo`g tfg dorlemn ia

    tfg @gtri hor, wfgrg sfg rgjgevgd argg lgativgrs omdo horrong ia ji`ple`gmts im gvgry veset.

    Zfgs si swggt jiigd o Ngr`om jiuplg os Nelpi

    foppely tujcgd emti o stortgr jiursg ia mojfis jiv-grgd em jfggsg omd jfelle jim jormg.Zfg livgs pgiplg. rgplegd Ilno priudly. Omd

    pessemn im tfg`. sfg enft fovg oddgd.

    Hut dgspetg sujf mgwaiumd jglghrety, Nelpi wosmit limn air Hesfcgc. Os Ilnos dotg ia dgporturgari` Cyrnyzstom jo`g gvgr jlisgr, o fist ia suet-irs wgrg emtgrvegwgd hgairg hgemn pri`ptly rg-

    kgjtgd, fovemn aoelgd ti `ggt tfg strejt jretgreo airiwmgrsfep. E aiumd fgr o livgly Wzhgc ao`ely tfotlevgd iutsedg ia tiwm om