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Chapter Introduction

Section 1:The Opposing Sides

Section 2:The Early Stages

Section 3:Life During the War

Section 4:The Turning Point

Section 5:The War Ends

Visual Summary

Section 5-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• pillage

• mandate

Academic Vocabulary

• subordinate

• structure

A. A

B. B

Section 5-Polling Question

Do you think that the Civil War was necessary in order to end slavery?

A. Yes

B. No

A B

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Section 5

Grant Versus Lee

During the final year of the war, Grant’s forces battled Lee’s forces for control of Virginia.

Section 5

• Grant fought Lee’s army in the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and Cold Harbor.

• Stopped by Lee at Cold Harbor, Grant ordered General Philip Sheridan to stage a cavalry raid north and west of Richmond.

• While Sheridan’s troops distracted Lee, Grant headed southeast, crossed the James River, and then turned west toward Petersburg.

Grant Versus Lee (cont.)

Grant v. Lee, 1864–1865

Section 5

• The strength of the defenses the Confederates had erected at Petersburg intimidated the Union troops, so Grant ordered his troops to put the city under siege.

Grant Versus Lee (cont.)

Grant v. Lee, 1864–1865

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 5

A B C D

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Capturing which city would cut the only railroad line into Richmond?

A. Spotsylvania

B. Cold Harbor

C. Petersburg

D. Fredericksburg

Section 5

The Union Advances

After the fall of Atlanta, General Sherman led his troops across the state of Georgia, causing mass destruction along the way.

Section 5

• On August 5, 1864, Admiral Farragut sealed off Mobile Bay in Alabama.

• In late August 1864, Sherman’s troops destroyed the rail lines by heating the rails and twisting them into snarls of steel nicknamed “Sherman neckties.”

• General B. Hood ordered his troops to evacuate Atlanta.

The Union Advances (cont.)

Section 5

• Sherman ordered all civilians to leave Atlanta, and burnt down more than one-third of the city.

• He then began his March to the Sea and seized the city of Savannah.

• After reaching the sea, the troops marched to South Carolina and pillaged everything in front of them.

The Union Advances (cont.)

Sherman’s March to the Sea

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 5

A B C D

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Why did Sherman’s troops march to South Carolina?

A. To further destroy the South

B. South Carolina was considered the home of the Confederacy.

C. Many people believed that South Carolina started the Civil War.

D. To claim it for the Union

Section 5

The South Surrenders

After Lee surrendered, Lincoln was assassinated before the country had agreed on the future of former slaves and the defeated South.

Section 5

• To oppose Lincoln in the 1864 election, the Democrats nominated General George B. McClellan.

• Lincoln won reelection with 55% of the popular vote, and interpreted his reelection as a mandate to end slavery permanently by amending the Constitution.

• On January 31, 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment was added to the Constitution.

The South Surrenders (cont.)

Section 5

• With his ragged and battered troops surrounded and outnumbered, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865.

• Grant’s generous terms of surrender guaranteed that the United States would not prosecute Confederate soldiers for treason.

The South Surrenders (cont.)

Section 5

• On the evening of April 14, 1865, Lincoln went to Ford’s Theatre with his wife to see a play.

− During the third act, John Wilkes Booth slipped quietly behind him and shot the president in the back of the head.

− Lincoln’s death shocked and saddened the nation.

The South Surrenders (cont.)

Section 5

• The North’s victory in the Civil War caused many changes:

The South Surrenders (cont.)

− It strengthened the power of the federal government over the states.

− It transformed American society by finally ending slavery.

− It left the South socially and economically devastated.

The Cost of the Civil War

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 5

A B C D

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Which idea of Lincoln’s eventually caused his death?

A. Freeing African Americans

B. Including African Americans in Southern state governments

C. Allowing African Americans to attend school

D. Giving African Americans the right to vote

Section 5-End

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

DFS Trans 5

Vocab19

pillage

to loot or plunder

Vocab20

mandate

authorization to act given to a representative