saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro

saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli Stabi

J7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo momzadebis

departamenti

ssip iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis instituti

vaxtang goilaZe

vaxtang gorgasali

meomris biblioTeka #11

Tbilisi

2008

Tqvens winaSea axali seriis ,,meomris biblioTekis~ meTerTmete wigni; seria

iTvaliswinebs wignebis mTel wyebas, romlebSic popularulad iqneba gadmocemuli

saqarTvelosa da msoflio istoriis yvelaze saintereso da mniSvnelovani movlenebi. seriis mizania qarTveli meomris da imedia, ara marto misi, patriotuli

aRzrda da codnis miwodeba misaReb formebSi. seriaSi gaTvaliswinebulia

popularuli, magram maRal profesionalur doneze dawerili saxelmZRvaneloebi; es

patara, magram tevadi da kargad gaformebuli broSurebi mieZRvneba qarTvelTa

udides mefeebs: vaxtang gorgasals, daviTs, Tamars, giorgi brwyinvales, bagrat III-s,

saqarTveloSi warmoebul mTavar da gadamwyvet brZolebs, XIX_XX ss-is gamoCenil

qarTvel oficrebs, saqarTvelosa da msoflio samxedro istoriis calkeul

sakiTxebsa da a.S.

seriis gamocemis iniciatorebi arian iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis

instituti da saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro.

didi survili da imedi gvaqvs, rom meomarTa da oficerTa garda, saqarTvelos

yoveli moqalaqe siamovnebiT miiRebs am seriis yovel axal wigns.

seriis garekanze moTavsebuli warwera da didi daviTi yvelas Seaxsenebs, rom

brZola saqarTvelosTvis dResac grZeldeba.

vaJa kiknaZe

seriis saredaqcio kolegia: istoriis mecnierebaTa

doqtori, profesori vaJa kiknaZe

istoriis mecnierebaTa

doqtori, profesori Tamaz beraZe

recenzenti: istoriis mecnierebaTa

doqtori, profesori mariam CxartiSvili

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: Lleila xurcia

ydis dizaini: giorgi kiknaZe

redaqtori: nargiz xarabaZe

teqnikuri redaqtori: mari WoniSvili

damtkicebuli da samoqmedod SemoRebulia saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis

gaerTianebuli Stabis J7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo

departamentis ufrosis _ polkovnik nodar qviliTaias mier

saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli Stabis

topografiuli sammarTvelos stamba. 2008 w.

q. Tbilisi, general kvinitaZis q. #20

tel.: +995 32 91-19-83

faqsi: +995 32 91-19-83

2

vaxtang gorgaslis istoriis asparezze gamosvlisas, qarTlis

samefos mezoblad sami imperia mZlavrobda. tradiciuli

mowinaaRmdegeebis, sasanianTa iranisa da bizantiis garda, qarTls

safrTxes Crdilo kavkasiisa da Savi zRvis mimdebare velebze axlad

Seqmnili hunTa uzarmazari gaerTianebac uqmnida.

centraluri aziidan wamosuli dabaltaniani, muqkaniani, didTava da

uwvero dampyroblebi, romelTa agresiisagan Cinelebi didma kedelmac ki

ver ixsna, aRmosavleT evropas IV s-is 70-ian wlebSi moadgnen. iq

momTabare skviTur-sarmatul-alanuri tomebi daimorCiles da md. volgis

dasavleTi napiridan md. dunais aRmosavleTiT mdebare velebamde hunebis

imperia Seqmnes, ris gamoc, aRmosavleT evropaSi axali samxedro wesrigi

damyarda. istoriis asparezze mTavarsardalTa axali saxelebi gamoCnda

– erT-erTi aseTi iyo hunTa beladi atila.

V s-is 40-ian wlebSi, roca vaxtang gorgasalma, Crdilo kavkasiaSi

Tavisi pirveli laSqroba moawyo, evropaSi ori gamoCenili

mxedarTmTavris: atilasa da romaeli sardlis aeciusis saxelebi

gvrgvinavda. ai, am pirovnebaTa umcrosi Tanamedrove iyo vaxtang

gorgasali.

kiTxvaze, vin iyvnen dasaxelebuli pirebi? TiTqmis yvela getyviT:

atila hunTa beladi iyoo (saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi aswavlidnen

`atilas cxenis fexis nadgamze balaxi aRar amodiso~), aeciusis saxeli

ki mxolod istorikosTa viwro wrisTvisaa cnobili. atilas saxels

dideba iman SesZina, evropis ganadgurebas rom cdilobda. aeciusma ki

evropa misgan ixsna. mxedvelobaSi maqvs 451 wels Crdilo-aRmosavleT

safrangeTSi – katalaunis velze gamarTuli e.w. `xalxTa brZola~,

sadac romaelebma da maTma mokavSireebma, aeciusis sardlobiT atilas

urdoebi gaanadgures.

aeciusi, rogorc md. dunais provinciebSi mosamsaxure romaeli

sardlis Ze, ymawvilobisas mZevlad iyo dunais gadaRma momTabare hunTa

mefis karze da barbaros ufliswulebTan – hunTa momaval mefeebTan:

atilasTan da mis ZmasTan erTad izrdeboda. aeciusi SemdegSi aseTive

statusiT imyofeboda germanelebTan. aeciusma am garemoSi Seiswavla ara

marto am barbarosTa ena, aramed momaval mowinaaRmdegeTa samxedro

xelovneba, brZolis meTodebi. amis gamo iyo, rom igi brwyinvaled

axerxebda romis armiaSi myof barbarosTa marTvas. Zveli germaneli

istorikosis sityviT, `aeciusi romis imperiis keTildReobisaTvis iyo

dabadebuli“.

451 wlis gamarjvebis Semdeg aeciusi sasaxlis intrigebs Seewira.

igi 454 wlis 21 seqtembers imperator valentinian III-is brZanebiT

mokles, xolo atila 453 wels, sakuTari qorwilis Rames mkvdari naxes.

3

ase dasrulda vaxtang mefis ori ufrosi Tanamedrovis – udidesi

mxedarTmTavrebis cxovreba. am qveynidan maTi wasvlisas vaxtang

gorgasals ukve araerTi brZola hqonda mogebuli. maTze aranakleb

icnobda brZolis xerxebs, laSqris wyobas, uZleveli iyo orTabrZolaSi.

yovelive amis Sesaxeb qvemoT mogiTxrobT.

* * *

vaxtang gorgasali qarTvel moRvaweTa im pleadas ekuTvnis,

romelTac jer kidev Tanamedroveebma uwodes `didi~. didad, Tundac

qarTvel mefeTagan, saqarTvelos istoriaSi arc ise bevri moixsenieba.

vaxtang gorgasali am mxriv erT-erTi pirvelia.

vaxtang gorgasali Zv. w. III saukunis damdegs, axali qarTlis

samefos Semqmnelisa da farnavazianTa samefo dinastiis damaarseblis –

farnavazis erT-erTi gamoCenili STamomavali iyo. vaxtang mefis

cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb, ZiriTadad, mis Tanadroulad

Seqmnili saistorio Txzulebidan (mas `cxovreba vaxtang gorgaslisa~

ewodeba) viciT. am Txzulebis avtorad vaxtangis spaspeti – juanSer

juanSeriani iTvleba. vaxtangis `cxovrebam~ XI saukuneSi garkveuli

redaqciuli cvlileba ganicada, ris Sedegadac, vaxtang gorgaslis

pirovneba legendaruli elferiT Seimosa. mis `cxovrebaSi~ araerTi

legendaruli ambavi iqna CarTuli, rac Semdegma garemoebam ganapiroba:

miuxedavad imisa, rom XI saukuneSi vaxtang gorgaslis moRvaweobis

droidan 500 meti weli iyo gasuli, vaxtang gorgaslis pirovnebisadmi

interesi, pativiscema da siyvaruli mainc didi iyo. aseTi

pativiscemisaTvis qarTlis samefos dedaqalaqad Tbilisis

gamosacxadeblad dawyebuli saaRmSeneblo samuSaoebic kmaroda.

iranelebTan brZolisas sasikvdilo Wrilobis miRebis gamo, marTalia,

vaxtang mefem am didi saxelmwifoebrivi saqmis damTavreba ver moaswro,

samuSaoebi `daCi mefem ganasrula~ da `viTar ebrZana vaxtangs, igi

(Tbilisi v.g.) Seqmna saxlad samefod~, qarTuli saistorio tradicia

vaxtang gorgasals mainc Tbilisis damaarseblad Tvlis.

ra Tqma unda, mefe, romlis saxeli qveynis dedaqalaqis daarsebas

ukavSirdeba, qarTveli xalxis TvalSi adreve SaravandediT Seimoseboda.

amitom, cxadia, im istoriul pirTa Soris, romelnic saqarTvelos

gmirul warsuls amSveneben, vaxtang gorgasals erT-erTi sapatio

adgili ukavia. qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobisa da qarTveli xalxis

winaSe udidesi Rvawlis gamo, vaxtang gorgaslis saxeli adridanve

SaravandediT rom Seimosa, SemTxveviTi ar iyo.

4

qarTveli xalxis winaSe vaxtang gogaslis Rvawli da damsaxureba,

ra Tqma unda, mxolod aRniSnuliT ar ganisazRvreba. XI saukunis II

naxevarSi, roca vaxtangis `cxovrebaSi~ legendaruli ambebi CarTes,

mematianeebma kargad icodnen misi didi damsaxureba qarTveli xalxis

winaSe: brZola iraneli dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg; romaelTagan

mitacebuli Zveli qarTuli miwebis dabruneba; antiiranuli ajanyeba

482-484 wlebSi; qarTlis eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis

(damoukideblobis) mopoveba da axali saepiskoposoebis daarseba; didi

saero (qalaqebis: artanuji, ujarma, Tbilisi da sxva) da saeklesio

(sveticxoveli, ninowmida, niqozi, nekresi da sxva) mSenebloba.

vaxtang gorgasali, Tavisi droisaTvis uZleveli mebrZoli da

gamoCenili sardali, qarTveli mxedrobiT, iranis Sahebis moTxovniT,

monawileobda bizantiis winaaRmdeg omebSi, Crdilo kavkasiaSi, Sua

aziaSi, indoeTSi da abaSeTSi* ebrZoda hunebs, romlebic im xanad iranis

imperiisaTvis yvelaze Zlier da saSiS mowinaaRmdegeebs warmoadgendnen

(Crdilo kavkasiis mimdebare da Savi zRvis CrdiloeTiT mdebare velebze

momTabare hun-TurqTa Zlieri gaerTianebebisaTvis darialis karis

Caketva iranis Sahebis mier, erTxans, swored qarTvelebs hqondaT

davalebuli). rac mTavaria, vaxtang gorgasalis sardlobiT qarTvelTa

monawileoba iranis mtrebis winaaRmdeg brZolebSi SahebisaTvis xSirad

gadamwyveti gamarjvebis momtani iyo.

vaxtang gorgasali didi figura da gamoCenili pirovneba rom iyo

maSindel saerTaSoriso asparezze, es iqidanac Cans, rom masTan

danaTesavebas eswrafvodnen ara marto bizantiis imperatorebi, aramed

qarTlis samefos maSindeli siuzerenni – iranis Sahebic ki. maT kargad

icodnen, aseTi danaTesaveba garkveulad vaxtangis politikur

orientaciasac gansazRvravda.

iranelebTan `iorsa zeda~ brZolaSi vaxtang gorgaslis sasikvdilod

daWrisa da ujarmaSi gardacvalebis Semdeg, misi STamomavlobis zeobis

xanaSi qarTlis samefom jer 482-484 wlebis antiiranuli ajanyebis

Sedegad mopovebuli SeRavaTebi dakarga, Semdeg, daaxloebiT 537 wels

iranis Sahin-Sahma xosro I-ma sasanianma (531-579 ww.) (misi zedwodeba

iyo `anuSirvani~, rac qarTulad `ukvdav suls~ niSnavs) qarTlSi samefo

xelisufleba gaauqma. im droisaTvis ukve rvaaswliani istoriis mqone

farnavazianTa samefo saxlis Camomavali – mefe bakuri xosro I-ma

taxtidan gadaayena, qarTli iranis provinciad gadaaqcia. mefe bakuri

iZulebuli gaxda kaxeTis mTianeTisaTvis Seefarebina Tavi.

vaxtang gorgaslis Zlevamosil gamarjvebaTa Semdeg, marTalia,

qarTvelma xalxma didi Znelbedoba gaiara, magram gmiri mefis Sesaxeb

madlieri STamomavloba legendebs Txzavda, xolo sabrZolo droSas,

abjarsa da samosels saTuTad inaxavda, uvlida. akad. iv. javaxiSvilis

SeniSvniT, vaxtang gorgaslis samxedro iaraRi da samoseli Turme arsen

5

kaTalikosis (IX s.) drosac ki inaxeboda. `goliaT da ganTqmul yovelsa

qveyanasa~ vaxtangis samoseli da abjari – wers arseni, _ `awca sacnaur

ars~-o.

saukuneTa manZilze `gorgasliani~ droSa qarTvelebs umZimesi

brZolebis Jams TavianTi didi winapris sagmiro saqmeebiT

aRafrTovanebda. TviT daviT aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris brwyinvale

epoqaSic ki, vaxtang gorgaslis kulti imdenad Zlieri iyo, rom

`gorgasaliani~ droSa `did laSqrobaTa dros kvlav jaris win

mihqondaT~. 1089 wels saqarTvelos samefo taxtze asulma daviT IV

aRmaSenebelma, marTalia, axali sabrZolo droSa SemoiRo, magram did

brZolebSi `gorgasliani~ droSa mainc gahqondaT. `gorgasliani~ droSa

daviTis drosac isev qarTvelTa Zveli gmirobisa da vaJkacobis, mterze

gamarjvebis simbolod rom rCeboda, amas ioane SavTelis (XII-XIII ss.)

`abdul-mesiidan~ qvemomoyvanili strofic mowmobs:

`iyvis ra zmiTa, uricxv razmiTa

gulis-mdebelad TvisTa spaTaTvis,

gorgasliani, daviTiani

droSa iaxlis msvrelad mterTaTvis~.

Tamar mefis istorikosi, `istoriani da azmani SaravandedTanis~

avtori, sagangebod aRniSnavs, rom droSa, romelic qarTvel laSqars

brZolebSi mihqonda, swored `droSa igi gorgasliani~ iyo, `romeli

sindeTs SesvliTgan mospetakteboda~.

qarTveli xalxis siyvaruli Tavisi didi winapris – vaxtang

gorgaslisadmi mxolod misi `samoslisa da abjris~, `gorgasliani~

droSisadmi pativiscemiTa da mokrZalebiT rom ar ganisazRvreboda, amas

Zvel droSi Seqmnili da dRemde Semonaxuli, sayovelTaod cnobili

xalxuri leqsic mowmobs:

`vaxtang mefe RmerTs uyvarda,

cidan Camoesma reka,

ialbuzze fexi Sedga,

didma mTebma iwyes dreka.

osebSi gadaiara,

Cerqezebi gadareka~.

vaxtang gorgaslis saxels omSi myofi qarTvelebi ara marto XI-

XIII saukuneebSi, ufro gviani xanis saqarTveloSic rom siamayiT

igonebdnen, amas mowmobs grigol orbelianis poemaSi _ `sadRegrZelo~

vaxtangisadmi miZRvnili sityvebi:

`ese ars gmiri is gorg-aslani,

romlis SexedviT sparselni hTrTodnen~.

vaxtang gorgaslis gardacvalebis Semdeg, gmiri mefis fizikuri

siZlieris, cxovrebisa da brZolebis Sesaxeb xalxma iseTi legendaruli

ambebi SeTxza, rom vaxtangis Tanamedrove avtoris mier Sedgenili, misi

6

moRvaweobis amsaxveli Txzuleba aRmavlobis gzaze Semdgari qarTuli

feodaluri sazogadoebis sulier moTxovnebs veRar akmayofilebda.

rogorc Cans, amis gamo, XI saukuneSi qarTvelma istorkosma Zveli

teqsti vaxtangis Rvawlisa da gmirobis gadmosacemad arasakmarisad

miiCnia, `vaxtangis cxovreba~, misi droisaTvis xalxur

zepirsityvierebaSi arsebuli legendaruli xasiaTis ambebiT Seavso da

`saraindo~ Sinaarsis Txzuleba Seqmna. Tumca, rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT,

masSi zustadaa asaxuli vaxtang gorgaslis moRvaweoba da misi

Tanadrouli qarTlis samefos istoriis ZiriTadi movlenebi.

XI saukuneSi `vaxtangis cxovrebaSi~ (`cxovreba~ Zvelad istorias

niSnavda) redaqtors rom cvlilebebi Sehqonda, es gasakviri araa. am

redaqtorisa da misi drois qarTuli sazogadoebis TvalSi – pirovneba,

romlis droSa omebSi laSqris win mihqondaT, molaSqreTa warmodgenaSi

uZleveli gmiri, daumarcxebeli mefe unda yofiliyo. iseTi mefe,

romelsac asiaTasobiT meomari hyavda.

samwuxarod, Cveni didi erovnuli moRvawis – vaxtang gorgaslis

cxovrebis zusti wlebi am ukanasknel xanebamde garkveuli ar iyo.

saqmes is arTulebda, rom TariRi, saidanac misi `cxovrebis~ avtors –

juanSers vaxtangis moRvaweobisa da qarTlSi momxdari ambebi aqvs

aTvlili, imTaviTve ar arsebobda. juanSeri aTvlas vaxtangis

dabadebidan iwyebs da mogviTxrobs, vaxtangi 7 wlis rom gaxda mama

gaerdaecvala da ase Semdeg. mematiane Txrobas iranelebTan `iorsa zeda~

brZolaSi daWrili 60 wels miRweuli mefis gardacvalebiT amTavrebs.

e.i. Tu gvecodineba am brZolis TariRi, vaxtangis dabadebis welsac

zustad gavarkvevT.

vaxuSti batoniSvilidan (gardaicvala 1757 w.) dawyebuli,

mkvlevrebi didi gulmodginebiT eZebdnen am omis TariRs, magram igi

verc Zvel qarTul da verc ucxoenovan wyaroebSi ver iqna mikvleuli.

swored aRniSnulma ganapiroba, samecniero literaturaSi vaxtang

gorgaslis gardacvalebis TariRi, TiTqmis, 50 wlis farglebSi – 484-

dan 532 wlamde rom meryeobda.

Tanamedrove qarTul istoriografiaSi vaxtang gorgaslis

gardacvalebis TariRad akad. iv. javaxiSvilis mier SemoTavazebuli 502

weli iyo miRebuli, magram jer kidev 1962 wels istorikosma laSa

janaSiam detalurad gaanaliza saistorio wyaroTa monacemebi da

aRniSna: 502 weli ar Seesabameba istoriul realobas, Cvens xelT

arsebuli cnobebi saSualebas ar iZlevian zustad davaTariRoT vaxtang

gorgaslis mefoba. jerjerobiT Cven unda davkmayofildeT mxolod imis

aRniSvniT, rom vaxtangi mefobda V saukunis meore naxevarSi.

laSa janaSias naSromis gamoqveynebis Semdeg araerTma mkvlevarma

kvlav scada vaxtang gorgaslis cxovrebis wlebis dadgena, magram

uSedegod.

7

yuradReba mivaqcie axal wyaros `firan guSnaspis martviloba~. am

TxzulebaSi qarTl-albaneTis marzpanis* _ firan guSnaspis

gaqristianebisa da iranis Sahis mier misi sikvdiliT dasjis ambavia

gadmocemuli. es pirovneba qarTveli sazogadoebisaTvis kargad cnobili

qarTlis marzpanis – arvand guSnaspis ufrosi Zma iyo. marzpanebs

qarTlsa da albaneTSi mdgari jarebis sardloba, am ori qveynis gamgeoba

evalebodaT. guSnaspTa (igive mihranTa) sagvareulo iranis imperiaSi

didi gavleniT sargeblobda. maT ZiriTadad samxedro Tanamdebobebi

ekavaT. xSirad iyvnen iranis jarebis mTavarsardlebi.

rac Seexeba CvenTvis saintereso cnobas. sirieli agiografis

Tanaxmad, firan guSnaspis marzpanobisas `roca sparselebsa da romaelebs

Soris gurzanisa da aranis mxareSi omi daiwyo... (zavis dadebis)

meormoce wels taxtze avida xosro~.

ZeglSi moxseniebuli `gurzani~ qarTlis siriuli saxelia, ,,arani“

Zvel albaneTs erqva. mefe `xosroSi~ iranis Sahin-Sahi xosro I

anuSirvani igulisxmeba. igi 531 wels avida iranis taxtze. meore mxriv,

agiografis Tanaxmad, misi gamefebis weli radgan amierkavkasiaSi

`gurzanisa da aranisaTvis~ mimdinare omis damTavrebis (zavis dadebidan)

meormoce weli iyo, iransa da bizantias Soris zavi (531-40) 491 wels

dadebula.

saTanado masalis gaanalizebis Semdeg gairkva: juanSeris mier

aRwerili `iorsa zeda~ brZola, sadac vaxtang gorgasali sasikvdilod

daiWra, qarTlis samefos teritoriaze momxdari, iran-bizantiis omis,

erTi epizodi iyo. e.i. sirieli agiografi da juanSeri 491 wlis iran-

bizantiis omis erTi brZolis Sesaxeb mogviTxroben. aRniSnulidan

gamomdinare, vaxtang gorgaslis gardacvaleba Cems mier 491 wliT iqna

daTariRebuli. gardacvalebisas vaxtang mefe radgan 60 wels iyo

miRweuli, misi dabadeba (491-60) 431 welze mova. vaxtang gorgaslis

`cxovrebis~ avtors – juanSers swored 431 wlidan aqvs aTvlili

vaxtangis cxovrebisa da qarTlis samefoSi momxdari ambebi. am mikvlevis

Semdeg, SesaZlebeli gaxda zustad ganmesazRvra vaxtangis mamis – mefe

mirdatis gardacvalebis, vaxtangis debis, misi Zeebis dabadebis wlebi da

imdroindel qarTlis samefoSi momxdari sxva mravali ambavi.

vaxtang gorgasali da misi winaprebi, farnavazianTa dinastias

ganekuTvnebodnen, magram saqarTvelos Zvel istoriaSi gaucnobierebeli

zogi pirisagan xSirad gaigonebT, vaxtangi warmoSobiT sparsi iyoo, rac

sruliad gaumarTlebelia.

saqme isaa, rom ZvelTaganve saqarTvelos did sagvareuloebSi gaCnda

tendencia, TavianTi sagvareulos fuZemdeblad ucxoeTidan mosuli

pirovneba gamoecxadebinaT an TavianTi gvari ucxoel sagvareulosTan

daekavSirebinaT. ase iyo samefo gvarSic – bagrationebi TavianT

winaprebad Zvel ebrael mefeebs: solomonsa da daviTs Tvlidnen.

8

farnavaz mefis STamomavlebidan swored mirianis `cxovrebaSi~ iqna aseTi

Casworeba Setanili. XI s-is mematianem leonti mrovelma miriani iranis

Sahis Zed gamoacxada, mihranTa sagvareulos qalisagan naSobad*.

vaxtang gorgasali ki mirianis umcrosi Zis – bakuris (baqaris)

uSualo STamomavali iyo.

vaxtang gorgasali mamis mxriv, rogorc vnaxeT, imdroindel

msoflioSi erT-erTi uZvelesi farnavazianTa dinastiis STamomavali iyo

(vaxtangis moRvaweobis droisaTvis farnavazianTa* dinastia qarTlis

axali samefos Seqmnidan – Zv. w. 301 w., TiTqmis 8 saukunes aiTvlida).

deda ki mas sparseli hyavda, qarTl-albaneTis marzpanis-barzabodis

asuli. unda vivaraudoT, rom barzabodic mihran-guSnaspTa

sagvareulodan unda yofiliyo. ase rom, dedis mxriv vaxtang mefe iranis

erT-erTi ganTqmuli sagvareulos Camomavali iyo.

qarTl-albaneTis marzpanTa ZiriTadi rezidencia q. barda (bardavi)

(amJamad patara qalaqia azerbaijanSi) iyo. iqidan ganagebdnen isini am or

qveyanas.

rogorc vaxtang gorgaslis `cxovrebaSia~ naTqvami, vaxtangis papa

mefe arCili (402-426 ww.), maincdamainc didad ar morCilebda

barzabods. man `ganacxada mtroba sparsTa, gamoaCinna juarni da mokazmna

eklesiani, mosrna da ganasxna yovelni cecxlis-msaxurni sazRvarTagan

qarTlisaTa; moirTo Zali saberZneTiT (e.i. bizantiidan, v.g.) da

warZRuanebiTa juarisaTa iwyo brZolad sparsTa~. es brZola, rogorc

aRvniSne, ZiriTadad bardaSi mjdomi marzpanis winaaRmdeg samxedro

moqmedebebSi gamoixateboda. barzabodi urC qveSevrdoms, ra Tqma unda,

aseT qmedebas ar apatiebda. man `Sekriba spa ranisa, movakanisa da

adarbadaganisa da momarTa arCils~. mefe arCili, qarTlis jariT

`mindobiTa RmrTisaTa~ barzabods qarTl-albaneTis sazRvarze `mdinaresa

zeda berdujisasa~ daxvda `da ZaliTa patiosnisa juarisaTa mosrna da

tyue-yvna~ barzabodis mebrZolebi. Semdeg Sevida albaneTis teritoriaze

moarbia igi da `movida Sina gamarjvebuli~. mTel samefos amcno jvris

ZaliT cecxlTayvanismcemel barzabodze gamarjvebis ambavi.

barzabodis winaaRmdeg aranaklebi simamaciT ibrZoda arCil mefis Ze

mirdati. mamasaviT isic `morwmune da RmrTis msaxuri~, `queli da

SemmarTebeli~ iyo. roca mirdati `dadga asaksa mamakacobisasa,~

`umetesad uwyo brZolad sparsTa, Sesvlad da tyuenvad~ albaneTs.

Zveli qarTveli avtoris cnobiT, qarTvelTa aseT gaaqtiurebas iranis

Sahi ver pasuxobda, radgan `brZoda indoTa da sindTa da abaSTa, da ver

SemZlebel iyo spisa didsa gamogzavnad~. amitom `emZlavrebodes

qarTvelni~.

marTalia, barzabodi cixeebsa da qalaqebs amagrebda, magram es saqmes

ver Sveloda, sanam mirdatis cxovrebaSi gardamtexi ambavi ar moxda. im

9

xanad ufliswuli mirdati ucolo iyo, xolo barzabods, mematianes

TqmiT, `esua asuli qmnulkeTili, Suenieri, romelsa erqua sagduxt~.

erTxelac, mirdats mxleblebma moaxsenes `siSueniere misi~.

sagduxtis silamaziT monusxuli `trfial iqmna mirdat mis zeda.~ amis

Semdeg mirdats, ra Tqma unda, araviTari survili aRar hqonda

barzabodis samflobeloebi daerbia. Tavisi trfialis ambavi mamas – mefe

arCils ase moaxsena: `vevedrebi mefobasa Sensa, momguare colad Cemda

sagduxt asuli barzabodisi, da SevqmnaT Cuen Soris mSvidoba~.

marTalia, dasZina ufliswulma, qristes ZaliT Cven vimarjvebT, magram

roca iranis mefe moiclis, Cvenze Surs iZiebs. Cvens qveyanasa da

eklesiebs moaoxrebs. jobia dReidan damTavrdes Cvens Soris mtroba. am

gziT ufro Seuryevlad davicavT qarTlis sazRvrebs, ufro ganmtkicdeba

qarTlSi qristes sjuli, sparsTa gaZlierebisas, `qristes sjulis

gmobis~ SiSi aRar gveqneba.

mefe arCili kargad mixvda yovelive amas, axalgazrda ufliswuli

qalis siyvarulis gamo rom ambobda. amitom, Svilis Txovnas

winaaRmdegoba aRar gauwia da `aRasrula neba misi~. wargzavna mociquli

bardavs – barzabodis karze `da iTxova asuli misi colad Zisa

Tvisisa~.

arCil mefis winadadeba barzabodma didi sixaruliT miiRo, Tan

qarTvelTagan `iTxova fici da aRTqma~ mSvidobisa, qarTvelebmac dades

fici. ase damyarda mSvidoba.

saqmis keTilad warmarTviT gaxarebulma barzabodma `mosca asuli

Tvisi ziTviTa didiTa~. sagduxti `moiyvanes mcxeTas _ `qmnes qorwili,

Sueba da gancxroma dReTa mravalTa~. qorwilis Semdeg mefe arCilma

mirdatsa da mis meuRles saufliswulo mamulad misca samSvilde*

`saerisTaoTa misTa da mun dasxdes mirdat da sagduxt~.

ase Seiqmna samSvildis saerisTavos centri – cixe-qalaqi samSvilde

axalgazrda col-qmris rezidenciad. didad `morwmune da RmrTis-

msaxuri~ mirdatis meuRle sagduxt dedofali, cecxlTayvanismcemeli

iyo. cxadia, mas gaqristianebas mosTxovdnen da `sagduxt dedofalman

gamoikiTxa sjuli qristesi~, mirdatma `mohguarna kacni sjulisa

mecnierni~ (e.i. qristianuli religiis mcodneni, v.g.). dedofalma, ra

Tqma unda, arc qarTuli icoda, amitom `uTargmnes saxareba uflisa

Cuenisa ieso qristesi~. auxsnes _ `WeSmariti RmerTi~ rom ieso qriste

iyo, `romeli gankacna (e.i. adamianis saxe miiRo, v.g.) xsnisaTvis Cuenisa~.

yovelive amis Semdeg, sagduxt dedofalma `gulisxma yo~, `icna

sjuli WeSmariti, dauteva cecxlis-msaxureba, naTel-iRo da iqmna

morwmune~. man aRaSena sioni samSvildisa (esaa samSvildis Zveli

eklesia. VII-VIII saukuneebis mijnaze qarTlis erismTavarma varaz-bakurma

da sxvebma samSvildeSi kvlav aages didi taZari, romelTagan dRes

nangrevebiRaa SemorCenili, v.g.).

10

426 wels arCil mefe gardaicvala – qarTlis samefo taxtze

axalgazrda mirdati avida. amieridan man dedofal sagduxtTan erTad

mcxeTis samefo sasaxleSi daido bina. mirdati Seudga qveynis marTvas.

zemoT vaxtang gorgaslis dabadebis TariRad 431 weli miviReT.

imazec mivuTiTe, vaxtangis papa mefe arCili rom 426 wels gardaicvala

da qarTlis taxtze mirdati avida. igi mefobda ise, `viTarca mama misi,

didsa sarwmunoebasa Sina~.

axla, rac Seexeba vaxtangis ojaxis wevrebs, mefe mirdatsa da

dedofal sagduxts. maT pirvelad qaliSvili SeeZinaT da mas xuaranZe

daarqves. samefo karisaTvis, upirveles yovlisa, vaJiSvilis gaCena iyo

didad sasurveli, amitom `kualad evedrebodes RmerTsa mefe mirdat da

dedofali sagduxt, raTa mosces Ze. da Semdgomad oTxi wlisa

sagduxtma... Sva Ze da uwoda saxeli... sparsulad `varan-xuasro-Tang~,

xolo qarTulad uwoda vaxtang.

memkvidris dabadebis gamo `aRivsnes sixarulTa mSobelni misni~,

`ganavlines maxarobeli yovelTa Tana erisTavTa da gamoiRes xuastagi

(qoneba, saqoneli, v.g.) didZali, oqro da vecxli, da ganuyves glaxakTa,

da Sewires madloba RmrTisa mimarT, locviTa da Ramis-TeviTa, dReTa

mravalTa~. mefem `dReTa mravalTa yo puroba da gancxroma~.

rogorc gvianfeodalur saqarTveloSi, maSinac, ufliswulebs

didgvarovani mamamZuZeni zrdidnen. juanSeri pirdapir miuTiTebs: wesi

iyo `romel Svilni mefeTani, warCinebulTa saxlsa Sina aRizardnian~.

vaxtangis gazrda saurmag spaspetma `didiTa vedrebiTa~ iTxova. mefemac

`misca Ze misi vaxtang saurmags spaspetsa sazrdod“. ufliswuli qveynis

momaval mmarTvelad, uZlevel mebrZolad, saurmag spaspetis

xelmZRvanelobiT aRizarda.

axla gavarkvioT rodis daibadnen vaxtangis debi. vaxtangis

dabadebis TariRi viciT. isic viciT rom vaxtangi xvaranZes dabadebidan

oTxi wlis Semdeg daibada. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, xvaranZe (431-4)

427 wels dabadebula.

vaxtang gorgasalis `cxovrebis~ avtoris Semdegi cnobiT, vaxtangis

dabadebidan `Semdgomad... meequsisa welsa, Sva sagduxt asuli sxua da

uwodes saxeli... miranduxt~. e.i. vaxtangis umcrosi da miranduxti –

(431+6) 437 wels dabadebula. miranduxti gasazrdelad kaspis

spasalarma waiyvana.

miranduxtis dabadebaze miTiTebis Semdeg vaxtangis `cxovrebis~

avtori – juanSeri gvamcnobs: `Semdgom, amissa, welsa meoresa, mokuda

mefe mirdat; da darCa vaxtang Svidisa wlisa yrma~.

437 wels miranduxtis dabadebidan `Semdgomad meore weli~ 438

welia – es axali miTiTebaa mirdat mefis gardacvalebis Sesaxeb. am

dros vaxtangi Svidi wlis iyoo da, marTlac 431 wels dabadebuli

vaxtangi 438 wels Svidi wlisa iqneboda. am ambebis Txrobisas juanSeri

11

gvamcnobs: `viTar iqmna vaxtang wlisa aTisa, gardamovides ovsni spani

uricxuni~ _ maT kaspidan gaitaces vaxtangis sami wlis da miranduxti.

438 wels mefe mirdatis udrood gardacvalebis gamo, qarTlis

samefo mZime viTarebaSi Cavarda. Svidi wlis ufliswuli qveynis

marTvaSi monawileobas ver miiRebda. qveyana dedofal sagduxts unda

emarTa qarTlis erisTavebis daxmarebiT, magram sinamdvileSi qarTlis

mmarTvelad iTvleboda bardaSi mjdomi marzpani barzabodi. igi,

marTalia, dedofal sagduxtis mama iyo, magram mainc iraneli moxele

iyo. amasTanave, dedofals kargad axsovda: jer arCil mefe, Semdeg ki

misi meuRle – mirdati rogor arbevdnen albaneTSi barzabodis

qveSevrdomebs. amitom, igi SiSobda vaiTu `mamaman Cemman~ Suri iZios

mamamTilisa da Cemi qmris namoqmedarze, maT xom `egodenni borotni

moawivnes mis zeda~-o. amasTanave, imasac ar gamoricxavda, rom radgan

cecxlTayvanismcemloba* uaryo da qristianoba aRiara, masze SurisZiebis

gamo `warwymidos Svili Cemi, ganryunas qarTli da sjuli qristesi~-o.

dedofali did mwuxarebaSi iyo, magram, bolos mainc `ganizraxa

warsvla winaSe mamisa missa da Sevrdoma misi~. Tumca, mcirewlovani

ufliswulis wayvana ver gabeda da vaxtangi `cremliTa simwarisaTa~

qarTlis spaspetsa da erisTavebs Seavedra.

qarTlis dedofali mxolod mcire mxleblebiT miadga q. bardaSi

mamis rezidencias. mamis win moiyara muxli, mamas fexebze emTxvia _

`daaltobda (e.i. daasvelebda, v.g.) ferxTa mamisa TvisiTa cremliTa~.

dedofalma mamisagan iTxova Sewyaleba da miteveba, aseve surda mamas

misTvisac Seendo `sjulis dateveba~. dedofals eSinoda mamas ar

aeZulebina igi uareyo qristes sjuli, radgan ieso qriste misTvis ukve

iyo `RmerTi WeSmariti~. amasTanave mamisadmi umTavresi saTxovari mainc

is iyo, rom misi Ze – vaxtangi daetovebina Tavisive mamulSi da TviT

gaewia Suamavloba amis Sesaxeb Sahis winaSe.

dedoflis SeSfoTeba SemTxveviTi ar iyo, man kargad icoda mamis

xasiaTi. barzabodi, marTlac, mzad yofila `borotis yofad

qarTvelTaTvis~, Tumca, sayvareli qaliSvili mainc daindo _ `Seiwyala

asuli Tvisi: ara aiZula dateveba sjulisa, da aRasrula yoveli Txova

misi~. marzpanma asuls mxolod erTi pirobis Sesruleba mosTxova:

TviTon arcerT qarTvels iZulebiT ar `daagdebinebda~ qristes sjuls,

samagierod qarTlSi gaagzavnida cecxlTayvanismcemlebs maTi rjulis

moZRvrebTan erTad da Tu romelime qarTveli Tavisi nebiT airCevda

iranelTa religias – cecxlTayvanismcemlobas, xelisufalT misTvis

xeli ar unda SeeSalaT.

juanSeris sityviT, `sagduxt erCda (emorCileboda, v. g.) mamasa

Tvissa SiSisagan didisa~, amitom mas uari veRar Sekadra. marTlac,

barzabodis mier gamogzavnili cecxlis msaxurni mcxeTaSi `dasxdes

moguTas*~.

12

q. bardadan sagduxt dedoflis gamomgzavrebis Semdeg, aRarc

barzabods ucocxlia didxans. igi gardaicvala da iranis Sahma marzpanad

barzabodis Ze – varaz-bakuri dasva. imave xanSi qarTlSi gardaicvala

vaxtangis mamamZuZe saurmag spaspeti. qarTlis spaspetad dedofalma

juanSeri daniSna. saqveyno saqmeebiT dakavebulma dedofalma sagduxtma

cecxlTayvanismcemelTa Setevis SeCereba ver SeZlo. gansakuTrebiT

cecxlTayvanismcemelTa `episkoposi~ binqarani aqtiurobda. mis qmedebas

qarTlis warCinebulni winaaRmdegobas ar uwevdnen. amis gamo `wurili

eri~ (e.i. mosaxleobis dabali fenebi) miiqca mravali

cecxlismsaxurebas... Seeria qarTls wurilsa ersa cecxlmsaxureba~,

`amisTvis mwuxare iyo sagduxt dedofali~, magram `mZlavrobisagan

sparsTa veras ikadrebda~, Tumca imdeni mainc SeZlo, rom bizantiidan

moiyvana `mRdeli WeSmariti~ miqaeli da qarTlis eklesiis meTaurad

daadgina.

dedoflis mier gadadgmulma nabijma gaamarTla. miqael episkoposi

medgrad aRudga win cecxlTayvanismcemelTa Zaladobas _ `aswavebda

yovelTa qarTvelTa sjulsa WeSmaritsa~. is-is iyo qveyanaSi religiuri

viTareba sasikeTod Seicvala, rom qarTlis mosaxleobam Crdilo

kavkasiidan didi Tavdasxma ganicada.

roca vaxtangi 10 wlisa gaxda (e.i. daaxloebiT 441 wels), Crdilo

kavkasiidan darialis gziT `gadmovides ovsni spani uricxuni~ da

moaoxres qveyana mtkvris saTaveebidan xunanamde (es cixe-qalaqi

saerisTavos centri iyo da samefos ukidures aRmosavleT nawilSi md.

mtkvris marjvena napirze mdebareobda). momxdurebma kaspis garda cixe-

qalaqebi ver aiRes. kaspidan ki vaxtangis da miranduxti gaitaces.

qarTlSi CrdiloelTa laSqrobis Tanadroulad, bizantielebi

dasavleT saqarTveloSi (egrisis samefoSi) SeiWrnen da daipyres

teritoria `egriswyliTgan vidre cixe-gojamde~. es ori laSqroba, ra

Tqma unda, erTi didi samxedro operaciis Semadgeneli nawilebi iyo.

aseTi daskvnis safuZvels iZleva VI s-is bizantieli avtoris komit

marcelinusis `qronikaSi~ arsebuli cnoba 441 wels bizantiasa da irans

Soris zavis dadebis Sesaxeb. zavis dadebis win – 438 wels iranis

taxtze iezdigerd II-is asvlis Semdeg bizantiasa da irans Soris

urTierToba daiZaba. 440 wels ki iranis armia bizantiis sazRvrebs

miadga. aseT viTarebaSi, rogorc Cans, bizantiam saswrafod miiRo zomebi.

imperiam, armiis magistrosebis (mxedarTmTavrebis) _ anatolisa da

asparis sardlobiT aRmosavleTSi laSqari gamoagzavna, xolo

amierkavkasiis iranul samflobeloebSi Crdilo kavkasiidan hunebisa da

osebis SemoWriT irans saqme gaurTula. osebisa da hunebis gasadevnad,

qarTlSi iranis laSqari Semovida. amiT unda aixsnas, Crdilo kavkasiidan

Semosulebma kaspis garda, verc erTi cixe rom ver aiRes, Tumca didi

nadavli igdes xelT da darubandis gziT ukan gabrundnen.

13

441 wlisaTvis, aRmosavleT evropaSi hunebi ukve karga xnis

mosulebi iyvnen. maT Crdilo kavkasiis velebic ekavaT. Zveli qarTveli

avtori qarTlSi SemoWril xalxs, marTalia, osebs uwodebs, magram

SemoseulTa ZiriTadi nawili, cnobili hunTa beladis atilas

daqvemdebarebaSi myofi da misi samflobelos aRmosavleT nawilSi

damkvidrebuli hunebi unda yofiliyvnen.

amierkavkasiaSi atilas qveSevrdomi hunebis laSqrobis ambavi,

bizantielma diplomatma da istorikosma priskos panielma 448 wels

atilas banakSi yofnisas Seityo. mas uTxres, rom Savi zRvis

CrdiloeTiT mdebare velebidan wamosuli hunebi 15 dReSi amierkavkasiaSi

SeiWrneno. aseTi swrafi tempiT amierkavkasiaSi gamolaSqreba hunebs, ra

Tqma unda, bizantiis xelisufalTa moTxovniT, saTanado sazRauris

safasurad unda moewyoT. Savi zRvis Crdilo velze momTabare

hunebisaTvis, rogorc kavkasiis zekarebi, ise amierkavkasiis gzebi ucnobi

iqneboda. am mxriv, maTTvis gzis maCveneblebi osebi iqnebodnen.

miranduxtis adgilsamyofelic maTve unda scodnodaT.

dasavleT saqarTveloSi bizantielTa mier `egris-wyliTgan vidre

cixe-gojamde~ teritoriis dapyrobam, xolo aRmosavleTSi osebis

winamZRolobiT hunTa gamanadgurebelma laSqrobam `yovelTa zeda

qarTvelTa~ didi `glova da wuxili~ gamoiwvia. datrialebul

ubedurebas `RmrTisa mimarT~ codvebis gamravlebiT xsnidnen. qarTlis

samefos yvela mesveuri erTi azrisa iyo: pirvel rigSi osebze unda

eZiaT Suri, Semdeg ezrunaT bizantielebisagan warTmeuli teritoriebis

dabrunebaze.

gadioda wlebi, `vaxtang izrdeboda da iswavlida miqael

episkoposisagan yovelsa mcnebasa uflisasa~, iwrToboda samxedro

saqmeSi. axalgazrda ufliswuli didad wuxda qarTlis mosaxleobis

dabal fenebSi cecxlTayvanismcemloba rom mZlavrobda, magram `sparsTa

mZlavrobis~ gamo verafers ambobda. amasobaSi vaxtangi TxuTmeti wlisa

gaxda.

446 wels 15 wlis mefem pirvelad moiwvia darbazi, romelic mcire

saxalxo kreba ufro iyo. esaa erT-erTi uZvelesi monaTxrobi, romelSic

V s-is SuaxanebSi qarTlis samefo saxlSi gamarTuli darbazobis

mimdinareobaa gadmocemuli.

mefem `mouwoda yovelTa warCinebulTa qarTlisaTa, da Semokribna

yovelni qalaqad~. sadarbazod gaamzada erTi saxli, dajda `saydarTa

zeda maRalTa~, gverdiT _ `saydarsave~ dasxdnen juanSer spaspeti da

orive episkoposi (e.i. qristianTa da cecxlTayvanismcemelTa). `sxuani

yovelni erisTavni dasxdes selebiTa~ (e.i. selis baliSebze), aTasis-

Tavni, asis-Tavni da yoveli eri fexze idga.

TxuTmeti wlis mefem, Tavisi asakis Seufereblad `viTarca

aRzrdilman filosofosTa Tana~ maRali xmiT ganacxada: mefisa da eris

14

(xalxis) winaSe maSin moawevs gansacdeli, roca morwmuneni RmerTs

msaxurebas akleben da mama-papaTa sarwmunoebisagan gadauxveven. aseT

viTarebaSi xalxi Cavardeba iseT gansacdelSi, rogorSic Cven varT. roca

keTili mama (mSobeli) zrdis Svils keTili saqmeebisTvis, Svili unda

keTil gzaze daayenos, magram Svilma Tu keTilad ar Seismina mSoblis

miTiTeba, maSin mSobeli itanjeba. aseve `guwurTna Cven RmerTman~, _

dasZina mefem.

amis Semdeg, mefem didebulebs mimarTa: marTalia, me yrma var da

Cemgan keTili saqmeebi ar ginaxavT, magram ginaxavT winaparTa didi

Tavdadeba. dRes, rogorc me, ise Tqven didi gansacdelis winaSe varT.

unda `viZioT Suri ovsTa zeda~. es ubedureba rom sparselebis an

berZnebisagan modiodes kidev moviTmendiT, magram ubedureba `mowevnil

ars Cuen zeda ovsTa kicxTagan~ (damamcirebeli terminia, v. g.), amitom

`ara xams daTmena: sikudili sjobs TavTa CuenTaTvis~.

mefis Semdeg juanSer spaspeti wamodga fexze da mefes mimarTa:

`cxovndi mefeo ukunisamde didebiT da mterTa SenTa zeda neba-

aRsrulebiT mefeo Sen umjobesi yovelTa mefeTa qarTlisaTa~ xar,

`msgavsi nebroT* gmirisa~, RmerTma gamogaCina Cven winamZRvrad, Cven Zvel

da axal WirTa (ubedurebaTa) gansaqarveblad. am xuTi wlis

ganmavlobaSi, Seni yrmobisas did mwuxarebaSi viyaviT ovsTagan

miyenebuli Seuracxyofis gamo. aqamde Tu ar SegeZlo mxedrobas win

waZRolodi da arc samefos saqmeebs ganagebdi, amjerad `srul xar

sibrZniTa da ZaliTa, simxniTa da asakiTa~, Tumca, jer kidev araa Jami

Tavi safrTxeSi Caigdo. Cveni survilia romelime Cvengani SearCio `spaTa

winamZRvrad~, Sen ki aq darCi qveynis meTaurad, rom damarcxebis

SemTxvevaSi qveyanas Sen mixedo.

juanSer spaspetis am sityvebs erTxmad daeTanxmnen qarTlis

warCinebulni da erisTavebi. magram mefe daTmobas ar apirebda. mefem

sapasuxod miugo: `yovelni dReni cxorebisa Cemisani mwuxarebasa Sina

damiyofia~, Cemi dis sibraluliT guli meleva, TiTqos cecxlis

maxviliT viyo dakodili. aseT sicocxles sikvdili mirCevnia – RmerTis

mindobiTa da jvris winamZRolobiT wamoval – ar gamwiravs RmerTi da

momcems Zalas.

mas Semdeg, rac darbazobaze erTxmad gadawyda Crdilo kavkasiaSi

laSqroba, modarbazeni saxlebSi gabrundnen, raTa laSqrobisaTvis

momzadebuliyvnen.

zemoT iTqva, rom im xanaSi qarTli da albaneTi bardaSi mjdom

marzpans eqvemdebareboda. aseTi didi laSqrobis mosawyobad aucilebeli

iyo marzpanis varaz-bakuris Tanxmoba. da vaxtangmac `waravlina

mociquli~ da `auwya laSqroba ovseTisa da iTxova misgan Sewevna~.

marzpani valdebuli iyo aseT laSqrobaSi Tavisi samxedro ZalebiT

mieRo monawileoba. varaz-bakurma vaxtangs 12 000 mxedari gamougzavna.

15

TviT mefem ki `mouwoda yovelTa spaTa qarTlisaTa~, sul cota xanSi

qarTlis saerisTavoTa laSqari `Seikriba~ da `daibanakes muxnars da

xerks, amier da imier aragusa~. mematianes cnobiT, im xanad qarTlidan

asi aTasi mxedari da samoci aTasi qveiTi Segrovda. varaz-bakuris mier

gamogzavnil mxedrobasTan erTad 172 aTasi meomari Seikriba. roca mefem

laSqari daaTvaliera, `moewona simravle, cxenkeTiloba da

mokazmuloba~, rac mTavaria, yoveli meomari iyo mxned, `savseni iyvnes

SuriTa ovsTaTa~, uxarodaT, bolos da bolos rom dadga dro, roca

mters samagieros gadauxdidnen.

molaSqreTa sabrZolvelad aseTi mzadyofnis gamo, mefemac gaixara,

`madloba Seswira RmerTs~ molaSqreTa SemarTebisaTvis. amis Semdeg, mefe

mcxeTaSi dabrunda da `aRasrula Svideuli erTi* locviTa da marxviTa,

Ramis TeviTa~. Semdeg glaxakT didZali saboZvari dauriga. samefos

gamgebloba ki dedas da ufros das – xuaranZes daavala.

darbazobaze, juanSer spaspeti mefes imitom urCevda laSqrobaSi ar

wasuliyo, rom misi daRupvis SemTxvevaSi, qveyana mefis gareSe rCeboda.

yvelaferi es, ra Tqma unda, kargad uwyoda vaxtang mefem. amitom,

rodesac samefos marTva-gamgebloba dedasa da das daavala, saidumlo

anderZic dawera da dedas gadasca. am anderZis Sesaxeb sxvas araferi ar

unda scodnoda. anderZSi vaxtangi werda: `ukueTu arRara Semoviqce

cocxali, dai Cemi xuaranZe SeirTos mirian... man ipyras mefoba~. anderZSi dasaxelebuli miriani, juanSeris ganmartebiT, vaxtangis

mamis Zmiswuli iyo. ai, es miriani datova mcxeTaSi, laSqrobaSi ar

waiyvana da Tu vaxtangi ver dabrundeboda, mas unda daekavebina qarTlis

taxti.

vaxtangis mamas – mefe mirdats Zma ar hyavda. juanSeri ki vaxtangis

Tanamedrove mirians, vaxtangis `mamis Zmiswulad~ ixseniebs. unda

ganvmarto, rom igulisxmeba Soreuli Zmiswuloba anu mefeTa gverdiTi

Sto.

axla isev osebis winaaRmdeg laSqrobis ambavs davubrundeT. samefo

saqmeebis mogvarebis Semdeg, vaxtangi TianeTs dadga. iq SeuerTdnen mas

`yovelni mefeni kavkasiisani~ ormocdaaTi aTasi mxedriT da darialis

gavliT Sevidnen osTa miwaze. juanSeris sityviT, `Seslvasa missa

ovseTad iyo vaxtang wlisa Tequsmetisa~ _ e. i. 447 weli idga.

vaxtangis Crdilo kavkasiaSi laSqrobis Sesaxeb osebs, ra Tqma unda,

windawin ecodinebodaT da vaxtangis laSqars mdinaris piras

momzadebulni daxvdnen (maT, rogorc Cans, hunebi daixmares). mdinaris

meore napirze vaxtang mefis laSqari dadga (laSqari md. Tergis napirze

ganlagda). mdinaris orive napirze `iyvnes qarafni kldisani~, aseve

`Walakni da velovanni~. Svidi dRe emzadeboda orive laSqari

gadamwyveti brZolisaTvis. manamde ki yoveldRe bumberazTa brZolebi

imarTeboda.

16

osTa mier hunebisagan daqiravebul laSqarSi iyo `kaci erTi

goliaTi~ saxelad Tarxani. pirvelad brZolis velze swored is

gamovida da xmamaRla ganacxada: mefis laSqarSi vinc uZlieresad

Tvlida Tavs, mis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad gasuliyo.

Tarxanis mowodebaze, im laSqridan, romelic vaxtang mefes biZam

qarTl-albaneTis marzpanma gamougzavna, gamovida erTi meomari – farsman-

faruxi. misi mowinaaRmdege brZolaSi aravin iyo, mas mravaljer lomic

ki hyavda xeliT Sepyrobilio, _ wers juanSeri. ai, es goliaTi gavida

Tarxanis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. yviriliT `mietevnes urTierTs~,

magram pirvelive Setakebisas Tarxanma daaswro _ `uxeTqna xmali

farsman-faruxsa Cabalaxsa zeda, da ganupo Tavi vidre beWTamde~.

am Setakebis mxilveli vaxtang mefe da misi laSqari Sewuxda,

radgan mis laSqarSi aravin darCa msgavsi farsman-faruxisa.

gailia is dRe. vaxtangi Sevida Tavis karavSi `dadga locvad da

cremliT evedreboda RmerTsa~. gaTenebamde iloca _ `iTxovda

RmerTisgan Sewevnas~.

gaTenda Tu ara, Tarxani kvlav moadga mdinaris napirs da moiTxova

kidev gasuliyo vinme vaxtangis laSqridan masTan Sesabmelad.

mefem ganacxada, rom TviT gavidoda `brZolad Tarxanisa~. meo, _

aRniSna mefem, _ moimede var ara mxolod Cemi Zalisa da Cemi simxnisa,

`mindobiTa RmrTisaTa~ gavimarjvebo. mefis gadawyvetilebam

warCinebulebi gaakvirva, mravaljer sTxoves uari eTqva orTabrZolaze,

radgan yrma iyo da ar hqonda saTanado sabrZolo gamocdileba. magram

rogorc Cans, man kargad Seiswavla brZolis xelovneba Tavisi mamamZuZis

saurmag spaspetisagan. sabrZolvelad gasvlis win igi gadmovida cxenidan

`Tayuanis-ca RmerTsa~, raTa misi Semwe yofiliyo. vaxtangis danaxvaze

Tarxanma daiZaxa: `me goliaTTa da gmirTa gamocdilTa mbrZoli var, da

ara ymawuilTa~-o. am sityvebTan erTad moqiSpeebi `mietevnes urTierTas~.

axalgazrda vaxtangi, ra Tqma unda, Tarxanze swrafi iyo, amitom

pirvelsave Serkinebisas man sca Subi `sartyelsa zeda~ Tarxans.

saWurvelma ver gauZlo dartymas da Subi zurgamde Caeso – Tarxani

usulod daeca miwaze.

qarTvelTa laSqari xmamaRla zeimobda axalgazrda mefis pirvel

gmirul gamarjvebas – uZleveli Tarxanis damarcxebas. TviT mefe kvlav

gadmoxta cxenidan da `Tayvanis-ca RmerTsa~, Semdeg Tarxans Tavi

mokveTa, Sejda Tavis bedaurze da qarTvelTa laSqars mieaxla. yoveli

molaSqre maRali xmiT qebas asxamda mefes da aseve RmerTs swiravda

madlobas.

orTabrZolebi Tarxanis sikvdiliT ar damTavrebula. meore dRes

`gamovida bumberazi ovsTagan, romelsa erqva bayaTar~. am bayaTarso, _

wers juanSeri, winaaRmdegobas veravin uwevdao. da ai, es bayaTari

moadga diliT mdinares da xmamaRla daiwyo yvirili: vaxtang mefe nu

17

galaRdebi Tarxanze gamarjvebiT. ar iyo is goliaTTa sadari, amitom

moikla ymawvilis mier. axla me SemebrZole, Cems ficxel Setevas ver

gadaurCebi. Tu ginda Seni laSqridan sxva gamovides, amisTvisac mzad

varo.

mefem bayaTars SesZaxa: me Tarxans aramarto Cemi ZaliTa vZlie,

`aramed ZaliTa dambadeblisa CemisaTa~ _ me Seni ar meSinia, rogorc

erTi ZaRlisa. am sityvebis Semdeg mefem Tavisi laSqari sabrZolvelad

gaamzada. TviTon ki `aRjda taiWsa (cxens, v. g.) SeWurvilsa javSniTa~,

`aRiRo fari misi vigris* tyavisa, romelsa ver hkveTda maxvili~, miadga

mdinares da bayaTars SesZaxa: me mefe var, ar gadmoval mdinareze, ar

miveaxlebi osTa spas. Sen ki mona xar, gadmodi mdinaris aqeT.

bayaTari daTanxmda da Tan mefes sTxova, napiridan ukan daexia sami

utevani (erTi utevani 125 nabijia). vaxtangi ukudga, bayaTari gadmovida

mdinaris meore napirze da daiwyo isrebis srola. vaxtangi iridebda

isrebs, mdinaris orive napirze mdgar laSqarSi iyo `cema bukisa da

dabdabTa~. iseTi xmauri idga, rom `iZrvodes mTani da borcuni~.

bayaTaris nasroli isrebisgan mxolod ori moxvda vaxtangis fars.

bayaTaris isrebma farSi ver gaaRwies, samagierod misi nasroli erTi

isari vaxtangis cxens moxvda. amasobaSi vaxtangi miiWra bayaTarTan da

vidre cxeni daecemoda, `uxeTqna xrmalni mxarsa bayaTarissa da CahkueTa

vidre gulamde~.

amis Semdeg, qveiTebi da cxenosnebi osTa winaaRmdeg daiZrnen.

cxen-Torosnebma aiares Tu ara qarafis gza da vakeze avidnen, maT

mihyvnen qveiTni, mxedrebi da iq gaZlierda brZola. pirvel rigebSi

ibrZoda vaxtang mefe. juanSeris sityviT, mefe `marjueniT-kerZi~

(mxares, v.g.) Tu `marcxeniT-kerZi~ ibrZoda, mowinaaRmdegeni yvelgan

SiSiT Zrwodnen. mefis lomisebr xmas yvela cnobda. mefis gverdiT mxned

ibrZoda ori gamorCeuli mxedari: `artavaz ZuZumte, Ze saurmag

spaspetisa da bivritian sefewuli*~.

osTa laSqarma veRar gauZlo qarTvelTa Setevas _ `iZlivnes osni

da ivltoda (gaiqca, v.g.) banaki maTi~. gaqceuli osebi qarTvelebma

mravlad daatyveves, raTa qarTlidan wayvanil tyveebSi gaecvalaT.

devnidan ukanmobrunebulma qarTvelma molaSqreebma isev mdinaris piras

daibanakes. sami dRe daisvenes. Semdeg Sevidnen oseTis teritoriaze da

Semusres cixe-qalaqni, mravali tyve da uricxvi alafi igdes xelT.

osTa damorCilebis Semdeg, vaxtangis laSqari jiqeTSi Sevida da

kvlav oseTSi dabrunda. vaxtangis despanebma kavkasiis mTebSi

TavSefarebuli osTa beladebi moixmes da dazavdnen. amis Semdeg

vaxtangis umcrosi da _ miranduxti gamoixsnes. vaxtang mefe uamravi

tyviTa da alafiT mobrunda oseTidan. es laSqroba 4 Tves gagrZelda.

jer kidev Crdilo kavkasiaSi yofnisas, mefem laSqrobidan

gaaTavisufla is Tormeti aTasi mxedari, romelic mas varz-bakurma

18

daaxmara. `niWiTa didiTa~ (didi saboZvrebiT) gaaTavisufla `mefeni

kavkasianTani~. Tavisi dai, mravali tyve darialis gziT qarTlSi

gamoistumra, TviT ki qarTvelTa laSqriT `gzasa afxazeTisasa~ daadga.

447 wels Crdilo kavkasiidan qarTvelTa laSqriT vaxtang mefe

dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadavida da sami wlis manZilze afxazeTis yvela

cixe aiRo `vidre cixe-gojamde*~. 450 welisTvis gamarjvebuli vaxtangi

mcxeTaSi dabrunda. gamarjvebul mefes didi sixaruliT miegebnen deda

da debi, `simravle qalaqisa~ qali da kaci Tavis samoss ufenda mefes,

xmamaRla SesZaxodnen mefes sadidebel sityvebs, radgan manamde, aseTi

gamarjveba arc erT mefes ar moepovebina.

mefem madloba Seswira RmerTs, glaxakT saboZvari dauriga, ubralo

meomrebi da warCinebuli mxedrebi, romlebmac oseTSi laSqrobisas Tavi

gamoiCines, didi saboZvriT daajildova. saTanado ZRveni gaugzavna

qarTl-albaneTis marzpans – varaz-bakursa da iranis Sahs. SahTan

binqaran `episkoposi~ waravlina da `iTxova sparsTa mefisagan asuli

colad~.

im xanad iranis taxtze iezdigerd II ijda. vaxtang mefis pirveli

meuRle – balenduxti misi asuli iyo Tu ara, danamdvilebiT arafris

Tqma ar SeiZleba. balenduxtisagan SeeZina mefes qal-vaJi – daCi da misi

tyupiscali da, TviT balenduxti ki daaxlovebiT 455 wels

mSobiarobisas gardaicvala.

rac Seexeba vaxtangis dasavleT saqarTveloSi laSqrobas, im xanad

zRvispira teritoria bizantiis gavlenaSi iyo. es teritoria maT,

vaxtang mefis mcirewlovnobisas miitaces. amjerad vaxtangis laSqrobis

Sedegad, es mxare egrisis samefos daubrunda. rogorc varaudoben,

vaxtangis moqmedeba dasavleT saqarTveloSi iran-bizantiis omis erT

epizodad unda iqnas miCneuli. V s-is 50-60-ian wlebSi egrisis samefo

iranis gavlenaSi myofi qveyana iyo.

iranis Sahma balenduxt dedofals mziTvad `somxiTi* da yovelni

mefeni kavkasianni~ misca. Sahi vaxtang mefisadmi gamogzavnil werilSi,

mas bizantiis winaaRmdeg laSqrobaSi monawileobas sTxovda.

garda imisa, rom vaxtangi iranis Sahis siZe iyo, im xanad qarTlis

samefo, rogorc iTqva, iranis gavlenaSi myof qveynad iTvleboda, amitom

vaxtang mefem Sahis moTxovnaze uari ver Tqva. laSqrobas bizantiis

imperiis winaaRmdeg seriozuli momzadeba da didi Zalebi sWirdeboda.

laSqrobaSi, faqtobrivad iranis Crdilo nawilSi Semavali qveynebi

monawileobdnen. laSqrobis saerTo xelmZRvanelad qarTl-albaneTis

marzpani varaz-bakuri dainiSna.

am laSqrobis Sedegad, rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT, vaxtang mefem

bizantielTa mier mitacebuli teritoriebi daibruna.

bizantiis winaaRmdeg mowyobili am laSqrobis Sesaxeb yvelaze

vrceli Txroba juanSeris `vaxtang gorgaslis cxovrebaSi~ gvaqvs. Tu

19

miviCnevT, rom juanSeri mis mier aRwerili laSqrobis monawile da

TviTmxilveli iyo, juanSeris cnobebi bizantiis istoriisTvisac

unikalurad unda CaiTvalos (V-VI ss. bizantiel avtorebs am omis

Sesaxeb, arapirdapiri cnobebi aqvT).

laSqris mier ganvilil gzas, juanSeri or etapad warmogvidgens: 1.

gza mcxeTidan bizantiis sasazRvro cixe-qalaq karnu qalaqamde* (igive

Teodosiopoli); 2. saomari moqmedebebi TviT imperiis teritoriaze.

am laSqrobis dawyebisas vaxtangi 22 wlisa iyo. e. i. 453 wels

`waremarTa vaxtang Seslvad saberZneTad da miiwivnes somxiTs da

Sevidnen peroJa-kafas*~. aq moxda laSqris Tavmoyra. aqedan gaemarTnen

karnu-qalaqisaken.

qarTlidan bizantiis Suagulisaken mimavalma laSqarma aRmosavleTiT

rom daiwyo moZraoba, es erTi mxriv imiT iyo gamarTlebuli, rom aq

gadioda uZvelesi `gza ranisa~ (gza adarbadaganisa – aqemenianTa* xanis

yofili `samefo gzis~ Crdilo ganStoeba), meore mxriv ki imiT, rom

albaneTSi iyo Tavmoyrili iranis Crdilo nawilis ZiriTadi Zalebi.

im dros TviT karnu-qalaqi kargad gamagrebuli samgalavniani

cixesimagre iyo (Teodosiopoli 450 wels gardacvlil imperator

oeodosios II-is pativisacemad ewoda). molaSqreebma es qalaqi ver aiRes.

mocdac ar SeiZleboda, amitom qalaqis moalyed ori erisTavi datoves

12 000 mxedariT, danarCeni laSqriT imperiis Suagulisaken gaemarTnen.

laSqarma gzad aiRo da moaoxra qalaqebi: anZoreTi, ekleci, steri.

mcire aziis Sida raionebidan laSqari gavida zRvispiras da miadga

`pontosa qalaqsa didsa zRvis kidesa~.

mkvlevrebs am bolo xanamde, `ponto qalaqad~ q. trapizoni miaCndaT.

magram, rogorc gairkva, `ponto qalaqi~ q. sinopia*, romelic Zveli

pontos samefos dedaqalaqi iyo.

am qalaqs alya Semoartyes da sami Tve ibrZodnen mis asaRebad. sami

Tvis ganmavlobaSi marbieli laSqari ufro daSorebul adgilebSic

gavida. laSqarSi myofi iranelebi sadac `hpovebdes eklesiisa msaxurTa,

dahklavdis~. vaxtang mefem iranelTa aseTi moqmedeba ar moiwona. man

iranelebi da somxebic gaafrTxila RvTismsaxurebi ar moeklaT, radgan

`Cuenc varT sjulsa zeda berZenTasa, aRmsarebel qristesa~,

qristianisagan qristianis mokvla did codvad iTvlebao, aswavlida maT

mefe.

q. sinopTan ucxo qveynebis laSqris yofnas bizantiis xelisufleba

cxadia, didxans ver moiTmenda. saimperatoro xelisuflebam saTanado

zomebic miiRo. vaxtang mefes moaxsenes, rom maT winaaRmdeg `pontos

gziT~ (e.i. zRvis pirze gamovliT) didi laSqari moemarTeboda. zRvaze

ki 500 xomaldi mocuravda. mefem saswrafod gaanaliza Seqmnili

viTareba da varaz-bakurTan SeTanxmebiT, gadawyvita alya moexsnaT da

aRmosavleTiT daexiaT.

20

q. sinopis mdebareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, laSqris iq datoveba,

marTlac, saSiSi iyo. zRviT mosuli bizantielTa laSqari Tu maT

aRmosavleTiT, zRvispirze gadmosxdeboda, xolo xmeleTiT momavali

laSqari dasavleTidan sinops moadgeboda, varaz-bakuris laSqari,

swored xafangSi moemwyvdeoda.

saqme isaa, rom Savi zRvis samxreT sanapiros gaswvriv, samxreT

kavkasiis mTebidan Trakiis bosforis sanapiromde gadaWimulia farTo da

Znelad gasasvleli mTagrexili, romelic gansakuTrebiT maRalia Savi

zRvis aRmosavleT sanapirosTan. zRvis sanapiros mcire aziis Sida

raionebTan, – kerZod q. amasiasTan mxolod q. amisosze (axland. q.

samsuni) gamavali gza akavSirebs, romelic erTaderTi Ria kari iyo didi

laSqris gadasaadgileblad. es, Cans, kargad icoda qarTvelTa mefem. Tu

zRviT mosuli bizantielTa laSqari am gasasvlels daikavebda, sinopTan

mdgomi varaz-bakuris laSqari dasavleTisaken qveynis siRrmeSi veRar

Sevidoda. samxreTiT gauvali mTebi iyo, xolo CrdiloeTiT zRva. amitom

`aRiyara laSqari garemos qalaqisa, da vles xuTisa dRisa savali

samxriT kerZo, da dadges speriT kerZo~.

q. sinopidan ukandaxevis Semdeg brZola bizantielebTan radgan mainc

zRvispiras moxda, Cans laSqarma swored zemoxsenebul gasasvlelisaken

daixia.

mas Semdeg, rac q. sinops alya moxsnes, vaxtang mefem brZana tyveebi

gaeTavisuflebinaT. mefem aseve `ganavlina qadagi~, raTa xalxi

samalavebidan gamosuliyo da `gamovida simravle mRdelTa da diakonTa,

moweseTa monazonTa da enkratisTa (e. i. monazoni qalebi, v.g.), qvabebiT

da mTaTagan~. maT Soris iyo `petre mRdeli... da samoel monazoni~ (im

xanad petre, grigol RvTismetyvelis saflavze aSenebuli eklesiis

mRvdeli iyo). isini warsdgnen vaxtang mefis winaSe da madloba

moaxsenes tyveebis gaTavisuflebisaTvis. mefem im tyveebs, romelTac

siaruli ar SeeZloT, `misca saxedrebi, xolo WabukTa sam-sami drahkani*

da ganuteva~.

mefis aseTi damokidebuleba pontos mosaxleobisadmi, mxolod misi

qristianuli moraliT ar aixsneba. man kargad icoda ponto-kapadokiis

mosaxleobis didi nawilis qarTuli warmomavloba. petre da samoeli

mis TvalSi qarTvelebi iyvnen. mefem isini TavisTan daitova da

religiur sakiTxebze saubrisas, maT vaxtang gorgasalze iseTi

STabeWdileba moaxdines, rom mefem petre qarTlis pirvel kaTalikosad

dasaxa (petres Semdeg kaTalikosis taxti samoelma daikava). maTi

SuamdgomlobiT dado mefem zavi bizantielebTan.

radgan varaz-bakuri am zavs ar SeuerTda, gadamwyveti brZola

bizantielebsa da varaz-bakuris laSqars Soris zRvasTan mdinaris

SesarTavTan (xerTvisi) moxda. juanSeris Tanaxmad, es iyo `zRvis kide,

romel ars Walaki, riye xerTvisisa~.

21

specialurad Seviswavle am xerTvisis adgilmdebareoba. Zvelad

`xerTvisi~ (esaa sityva `erTvis~ _ `xanmeti~ forma) ori mdinaris, an

zRvasTan mdinaris SesarTavs niSnavda. swored aseT adgils warmoqmnis q.

samsunTan zRvasTan SesarTavSi md. mered-irmaqi. zafxulSi, radgan am

mdinaris yvela Senakadi Sreba, iq, sadac igi zRvas erTvis riye

warmoiqmneba. mdinare sanam zRvas SeureTdeba, daaxloebiT 13 km. vakeze

miedineba. aq misi napirebi dabalia, ris gamoc gazafxulis

wyaldidobebisas mdinaris wyali kalapotidan gadmodioda da zRvis

sanapiros mimdebare vakes faravda. wyliT daWaobebul teritoriaze

lerwami izrdeboda. wyaldidobisas warmoqmnil gubeebSi darCenili

wyali q. amisos (samsunis) havaze moqmedebda, ris gamoc maisis bolodan

oqtombris damdegamde qalaqsa da mis SemogarenSi ciebis (cieb-cxeleba)

epidemia vrceldeboda. ai, swored am adgilebSi moxda brZola 456 wlis

Semodgomaze bizantielebsa da varaz-bakuris laSqars Soris.

bizantielebTan zavis dadebis gamo, qarTvelTa laSqarma brZolaSi

monawileoba ar miiRo. iqneb, amanac ganapiroba is, rom `iZlia banaki

aRmosavleTisa~. brZolaSi daiRupa varaz-bakuri, lekTa mefe ipajaji da

mravali sxva. ase rom, zRvis piras `xerTvisis riyeze~ momxdari brZola

`aRmosavleTis banakisaTvis~ metad sisxlismRvreli gamodga, rac

bizantiur sinamdvileSic aisaxa.

`aRmosavleTis laSqris~ bizantiis winaaRmdeg laSqroba riyeze

brZoliT ar dasrulebula. bizantielTa erT-erTma sardalma –

palekarposma vaxtang mefe orTabrZolaSi gaiwvia; rogorc Cans,

bizantielebma ifiqres, isini Tu qarTvelTa laSqarsac daamarcxebdnen,

maSin sazavo molaparakebisas dadebuli pirobebisagan Tavisufali

iqnebodnen. vaxtang mefe daTanxmda orTabrZolas. man `aRmoixada xrmali

da SeamTxvia jvarsa~, gavida sabrZolo rigebs Soris da Tqva: lomi da

xari ar ebrZvian erTmaneTs, rameTu me mefe var da Sen mona. am sityvebis

warmoTqmisTanave _ `moeteva palekarpos~, orive meomari iseTi xmiT

yviroda, rom maTi xma quxils hgavda, `dasca laxuari palekarpos farsa

vaxtangissa~, vigris tyavis farSi ganvlo laxvarma erTi wyrTa*.

radganac laxvaris simsxo iyo viTar mklavi kacisa, mefem fari miatova

laxvarze, `mieteva pirispir, da sca xmali Cabalaxsa zeda ganapo Tavi

misi vidre beWTamde~. amis Semdeg, `mietevnes spani vaxtangisani spaTa

berZenTasa, da aotes igini,... da miawyudines zRvis pirsa~. maTgan arvin

gadarCa, garda imisa, vinc moaswro zRvaSi mdgar navebze gadasvla _

`ivltodes naviTa~. am gamarjvebis Semdeg Semobrunda vaxtangis spa _

`mivides guamsa zeda varaz-bakurissa, vaxtangis dedis Zmisasa, iglovdes

da Semures igi sabriTa (erTgvari balaxia, v.g.) da muriTa (erTgvari

surnelovani zeTi, v.g.) da warsces bardavad~.

zemoaRniSnuli brZoliT dasrulda 456 wlis Semodgomaze bizantiis

winaaRmdeg samwliani (453-456 ww.) laSqroba. vaxtangis gamarjvebis

22

miuxedavad, es omi bizantiur wyaroSi imperator markianes dros

aRmosavlelTa laSqris damarcxebad iqna miCneuli.

imperatori markiane gardacvalebamde mwoliare avdmyofi iyo da 457

w. 26 ianvars gardaicvala. juanSeris cnobiT ki, zavis dadebaSi, radgan

bizantiis imperatori monawileobda, ufro sarwmunoa, zavi qarTvel

mefesTan markianes Semdeg saimperatoro taxtze asul leons daedo (lev

I 457-474 ww. leoni im xanad bizantiis laSqars sardlobda). swored

misi asuli iyo vaxtangis meore meuRle – dedofali elene da misgan

SeZenil erT-erT vaJs vaxtang mefem simamris saxeli leoni daarqva

(elenesagan naSob meore vaJs vaxtangis mamis saxeli – mirdati erqva).

leoni da vaxtang mefe advilad SeTanxmdnen sazavo pirobebze. zavis

pirobiT: `ukumosca keisarman sazRvari qarTlisa, cixe Tuxarisi da

klarjeTi yoveli, zRviTgan vidre arsianTamde da xevni romelni

mosdgmanan RadoTa~ (vaxuStis Tanaxmad, esaa `mTa fersaTi, lomsiaT

wodebuli~). Semdeg imperatorma gamoikiTxa, Tu sad gadioda

bizantielTa sazRvari afxazeTSi (rogorc vnaxeT, es teritoria

bizantielebma 441 wels daikaves, xolo 447-450 wlebSi vaxtang mefem

kvlav daibruna). es yvelaferi, ra Tqma unda, Zalian kargad icoda

bizantiis mxarem. amitom leonma vaxtangs uTxra: `egris wyliTgan

(iTvleba, rom es aris RaliZga, v.g.) vidre mdinaremde mcirisa

xazareTisa* – ese sazRvari ars saberZneTisa... romeli Sen migiRia

mklaviTa Cuengan~. axla is ukan mogveci da roca Cems asuls colad

waiyvan, mas mziTvad mivcemo. e.i. leonma mas samziTvo teritoriad

`ganuwesa miwebi: egris wyalsa da klisuras Sua~.

isic unda aRiniSnos, rom V s-Si egrisi calke samefo iyo, amitom

qarTlis mefis mier iq samxedro operaciebis Catareba, da bolos, misi

meuRlis mier mziTvad aRniSnuli teritoriis miReba, ucnaurad ar

mogveCveneba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom im xanad, orive qveyana iranis

gavlenaSi iyo da vaxtangi iq moqmedebda, rogorc iranis politikis

gamtarebeli. sxvadasxva wyaroze dayrdnobiT, SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom

453 wels bizantiis winaaRmdeg laSqrobaSi egrisic monawileobda.

arsebobs cnoba, rom bizantielebma zavi egrisis mefe gubazTanac dades

456 wels.

ase dasrulda iranis Crdilo mxaris jarebis laSqroba bizantiis

winaaRmdeg. laSqroba qarTlis mefem Tavis sasargeblod gamoiyena: 1.

daibruna adre romaelebisagan mitacebuli samxreT-dasavleTi

saqarTvelos teritoria (mcxeTaSi momavalma mefem klarjeTis erisTavs

– Tavis ZuZumtes artavazs ubrZana SemoerTebul teritoriaze aego

artanujis cixe, gamoenaxa samonastro adgili da iseTi monasteri aego

rogoric saberZneTSi ixila); 2. mziTvad miiRo teritoria afxazeTSi; 3.

ganimtkica mdgomareoba qarTlSi. Camoicila samefo saxlis moqiSpe Sto.

23

vaxtang mefis saimperatoro karTan danaTesaveba, imas niSnavda, rom

amieridan, qarTli bizantiuri orientaciis qveyana xdeboda, rac iranis

SahisaTvis miuRebeli iyo. cxadia, Sahi Seecdeboda qarTlSi iranis

gavlena aRedgina. saqme rom ase warimarTeboda, es vaxtang mefemac icoda.

amitom qarTlSi dabrunebisTanave, iranelTa mosalodneli Tavdasxmisagan

qveynis dacvis samzadiss Seudga: `amagrebda cixeTa da qalaqTa, hkazmida

mxedarTa da ganamzedebda brZolad sparsTa~. mefem sxva RonisZiebebic

gaatara. rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, qarTlis qristiani mosaxleoba binqaran

cecxlTayvanismcemelTa `episkoposis~ mxridan did zewolas ganicdida.

amitom mefem Seagdo `sapyrobilesa Sina binqaran macTuri, episkoposi

cecxlis msaxurTa, mosrna, ganasxna yovelni cecxlis-msaxurni

sazRvarTagan qarTlisaTa~.

mefis aseTi RonisZiebani iranis winaaRmdeg ajanyebas niSnavda.

axla vnaxoT ra xdeboda iranSi.

roca iranis Sahma gaigo `viTarmed miiqca vaxtang berZenTa kerZo

(mxares, v.g.), Seiqca sparseTad da mokuda. dajda mefed Ze misi, da vidre

moiwifeboda... warxda (gavida, v.g.) amas Sina weliwadi sami~.

iranis Sahi, romelic vaxtangis `Ralatis~ Setyobisas gardaicvala

iezdigerd II iyo (igi 457 wels gardaicvala). taxti misma ufrosma Zem

– hormizd III-m daikava, magram mas umcrosi Zma perozi aujanyda. ase

daiwyo iranSi Sinaomi. bolos, perozma daxmarebisaTvis Suaaziel hunebs

– heftalitebs (igive TeTri hunebi) mimarTa. perozs mxari dauWires

iranelma didgvarovnebmac da orwliani brZolebis Semdeg, hormizd III

mokluli iqna. 459 wels taxtze perozi avida (es Sahi, `SuSanikis

wamebaSi~ ixsenieba). sanam perozi SinaomiT aSlil qveyanas moawesrigebda,

erTi weli kidev gavida da 460 wels igi `warmoemarTa brZolad

vaxtangisa~ _ didi laSqriT qarTls moadga.

qarTlSi iranelTa mosalodneli SemoWris Sesaxeb vaxtang mefem

bizantiis imperatori leoni (levi) adreve gaafrTxila. weriliT igi

imperators atyobinebda: `aha dadga dRe, romelic aRmiTquams~,

sparselebi ukve qarTlis sazRvarTan arian. me rac aRTqma davde,

Sevasrule. sadac cecxlis saxli iyo, yvela movspe, mogvebi satanjvels

miveci, maTi episkoposi sapyrobileSi Cavsvi da sikvdilis SiSiT

gardaixvewa. swrafad gamogzavne damxmare Zala, raTa jvris sarwmunoebis

mtrebi davamarcxoT. Tu maT gvZlies, kidev ufro gaZlierdebian da Sens

sazRvarsac moadgebian.

roca mefis mociqulma saimperatoro sasaxleSi vaxtangis werili

miitana, aRmoCnda, rom imperatori wasuli iyo saomrad da

dasaxmareblad `ver moicalebda~. vaxtang mefes isRa darCa, Semosul

mters mxolod qarTlis laSqriT Sebmoda.

juanSeri, rogorc qarTlis samefos spaspeti da mcxeTasTan

mimdinare brZolebis monawile, detalurad agviwers 460 wels qarTlSi

24

SemoWril iranelTa winaaRmdeg gamarTul brZolebs. iranelTa

SemoWramde mefes mcxeTaSi – mogvTa ubnidan – armazSi, md. mtkvris

marjvena napirisaken gadebuli xidi gaufarTovebia. mcxeTaSive gamagrda

vaxtang mefe da juanSer spaspeti. nasra da mirdat erisTavebi mtkvris

marjvena napirze idgnen `somxiTisa da qarTlisa~ jarTan erTad. sparsTa

laSqari dRevandeli didubis midamoebSi dabanakda.

brZolebis mimdinareobas juanSeri ase aRwers: Tu brZolebi mtkvris

marjvena napirze gaimarTeboda, qarTvelTa laSqari maT mcxeTidan

exmareboda. mcxeTis mxares brZolebi, ZiriTadad, md. aragvis piras

mimdinareobda. xSirad qarTvelTa laSqari mtkvars `tfilisis fonTan~

gadakveTda da iq Seebmeboda xolme mters. am brZolebSi xan erTi mxare

imarjvebda, xan meore.

juanSeris sityviT, swored am brZolebSi hqonda vaxtang mefes

`oqros Cabalaxze~ (muzaradze) gamosaxuli `winiT mgeli da ukaniT

lomi~. sadac brZolis yvelaze cxeli adgili iyo, vaxtangic iq

gaCndeboda xolme da `mosrida sparsTa~.

sparselebma daixsomes – mxedari, romelsac muzaradze mgeli da

lomi hqonda gamosaxuli – vaxtang mefe iyo. amitom, vaxtangis

gamoCenisas yvirodnen: `dur az gorgasal~. es sparsuli sityvebi

juanSeris Tanaxmad, niSnavs: `moerideT Tavsa mglisasa~. amis Semdeg

`saxel-edva vaxtang mefesa gorgasali~-o wers igi. e. i. 460 wels

mcxeTa-TbilisTan iranelTa winaaRmdeg brZolebisas iwoda vaxtang mefe

`gorgasalad~ (amis Semdeg, Txrobisas mas mec ase movixsenieb).

qarTlSi SemoWril iranelebTan brZola oTxi Tve gagrZelTa. Sahis

laSqarma arsebiT warmatebas ver miaRwia. brZolebi, albaT, kidev

didxans gagrZeldeboda, bizantiidan imperatoris despani rom ar

mosuliyo. imperatori vaxtang gorgasals atyobinebda, rom mis

dasaxmareblad leonis sardlobiT 80 000 meomari moemarTeboda (es

laSqari bizantiis samxedro erTeulis _ `Pontica~-s samxedro Zalebi

iyo, leoni ki am samxedro erTeulis jarebis sardali). werilis

motanisas bizantielTa laSqari ukve javaxeTSi iyo mosuli. es ambavi,

ra Tqma unda, iranis SahisaTvis gaxda cnobili. Sahma ukeTesad CaTvala

vaxtangs dazaveboda.

sxva sakiTxebTan erTad, sazavo molaparakebisas vaxtang gorgaslis

erT-erTi mTavari moTxovna iyo, SemdegSi, iranelebi qarTlis religiur

saqmeebSi aRar Careuliyvnen. Tu Sahi am pirobaze daTanxmdeboda,

vaxtangi Sahs pirdeboda, rom mas `mamad da uflad~ miiCnevda. roca Sahs

vaxtang mefis moTxovna moaxsenes, man ZRveni gamougzavna mefes da maT

Sexvedris dro daTqves.

amis Semdeg, Sahma ayara laSqari da `ukudga rusTavad~, ganTiadisas

ki amaliT gamovida da dadga `velsa kalisasa~ (e. i. TbilisSi), xolo

vaxtangi `dadga jaWus da Sekrbes masve velsa ornive mefeni~.

25

Sexvedrebis mesame dRes vaxtang gorgasali da bizantielTa sardali

leon anTipati* kvlav Sexvdnen Sahs. vaxtangis SuamdgomlobiT Sahi

bizantiasac dauzavda. am zaviT, iransa da roms Soris 363 wels

dadebuli zavis pirobebiT gaTvaliswinebul sasazRvro xazze

SeTanxmdnen.

TbilisTan gamarTuli brZolebis gamo, `tfilisi sofeli da kalaca

mooxrebuli iyo~, rac imaze migviTiTebs, 460 wlisaTvis Tbiliss

galavani rom ar hqonda da jer kidev ar iyo saaRmSeneblo samuSaoebi

dawyebuli samefo taxtis mcxeTidan TbilisSi gadasatanad.

zavis dadebis miuxedavad, Sahs pretenziebi ar eleoda. meore dResve

man vaxtang gorgasals Tavisi mobedi (cecxlmsaxuri) gamougzavna,

romelmac mefes Sahis danabarebi gamoucxada: `me ise gavarige saqme

rogorc Sen gsurda. marTalia, amis gamo me iranis uxucesni

gamirisxdebian, radgan isini Cemgan berZnebis damarcxebas moelodnen, me

ki Seni SuamdgomlobiT, piriqiT, maT Cemi teritoriebi davuTme. axla

Cemi saTxovari esaa – Seni da colad momeci, Senc wamodi CemTan

qarTvelTa laSqriT Cemi mtrebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelado~ _ Sahi

vaxtangis umcrosi dis miranduxtis SerTvas iTxovda.

Sahis am moTxovnas, bizantielma sardalma leonmac dauWira mxari

da Sehpirda samxedro ZaliT daxmarebas. vaxtang gorgasali iZulebuli

gaxada Sahis Txovnaze daTanxmebuliyo.

hunTa winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad wasvla

hunebi, romelTa winaaRmdeg iranelebTan erTad vaxtang gorgasals

qarTvelTa laSqriT unda ebrZola, Sua aziidan indoeTis okeanemde,

vrcel teritoriaze batonobdnen, maT winaaRmdeg brZola did dros

moiTxovda, qveyana mefis gareSe rCeboda. ufliswuli daCi 460

wlisaTvis jer mxolod 5 wlisa iyo. meti gamosavali ar iyo, vaxtang

mefem mas daadga gvirgvini, Svidi warCinebuli Tanamdgomad daniSna – maT

Soris iyo `juanSer spaspeti mpyrobeli Sida qarTlisa da mflobeli

yovelTa erisTavTa~.

vin iyvnen iranis mtrebi, romelTa winaaRmdeg iranelebTan erTad

vaxtang gorgasali jorjaneTSi, indoeTSi, sindeTsa da abaSeTSi 8 weli

ibrZoda?

V s-is somexi istorikosebis favstos buzandacisa da eliSes

cnobebiT, iranis Sahebs aRmosavleTSi gamudmebuli brZolebi hun

quSanebTan hqondaT.

quSanTa* gaerTianeba zemodasaxelebul teritoriebze ax. w. damdegs

Camoyalibda da im xanad Zveli msoflios imperiebs Soris erT-erTi

uZlieresi iyo. Semdeg, is daemcro, da iranis Sahebma droebiT misi

26

damorCileba SeZles. vaxtangis dros saWiro gaxda xelaxla

damorCileba.

iranis Sahs perozsa da mefe vaxtangs mcxeTidan Tan gahyva

dedofali sagduxti da vaxtangis da xuaranZe, raTa ierusalimis wmida

adgilebi moelocaT. wmida adgilebis monaxulebis Semdeg, isini

daeswrnen Sahis qorwils da umjobesad CaTvales vaxtang mefes q.

urhaSi (igive edesa) dalodebodnen.

hunebis winaaRmdeg mimavali laSqari q. nisibisSi Seikriba. iq mivida

vaxtang gorgasali qarTvelTa laSqriT, aseve leoni bizantielTa

razmebiT da gaemarTnen kaspiis zRvis aRmosavleT velebze (jorjaneTSi)

momTabare Colebis (igive heftalitebi, TeTri hunebi) winaaRmdeg.

jorjaneTSi warmatebiT damTavrebuli laSqrobis Semdeg, iranis

laSqari indoeTSi gadavida (imJamad iq arsebuli quSanTa saxelmwifos

dedaqalaqi huruSapura, axlandeli peSavari iyo). daimorCiles iqauri

hunebi, maTgan xarki aiRes da sindeTs miadgnen.

Zvel saqarTveloSi sindeTad md. indis qvemo welze arsebuli qveyana

iwodeboda (esaa axlandeli pakistanis teritoria). quSanTa gaerTianeba

iq ax. w. III s-Si Seiqmna. perozis laSqars sindTa mefe momzadebuli

daxvda. mosaxleoba cixeebsa da qalaqebis galavnebs SigniT iyo

Sexiznuli. sindTa mefis meomrebi ki moulodneli TavdasxmiT iranelTa

laSqars did zians ayenebdnen.

sindTa mefe `mxne, goliaTi da SemmarTebuli~, yoveldRe gamodioda

sabrZolvelad. man araerT spars bumberazs sZlia. erT Rames, sindTa

mefis brZanebiT, iseTi ormo amoTxares, Sig aTamde mxedris moTavseba

SeiZleboda. zemodan ise SeniRbes, araferi ar etyoboda. ormos iqiT

qalaqis kedlamde mxolod viwro gasasvleli gza datoves. diliT adre

erTi sindi meomari sabrZolvelad gamovida. im xanad cixis kars radgan

qarTvelebi darajobdnen, sind meomarTan sabrZolvelad vaxtang mefis

ejibi (Zvel saqarTveloSi ejibi samefo sasaxlis msaxurTa ufross

ewodeboda) saurmagi gavida. man sind meomars uTxra: `Sen ara xar Rirsi

mefe SegebrZolos, mona xar da me SegebrZolebi~-o. am sityvebis gamgone

sindma mebrZolma Seatriala cxeni da gaqusla. ukan saurmagi daedevna,

rodesac sindi meomari, sagangebod datovebul viwro gziT SeniRbul

ormos gascda, maSin Semoubrunda saurmags. saurmagma mas horoli

(laxvari, Subi) sca da mokla, magram, ormodan sindi mxedrebi amovidnen

da maTTan brZolaSi saurmagi daiRupa. am ambis Semyure vaxang mefe da

misi erisTavebi: artavazi, bivritiani, nasari saswrafod gaeSurnen

cixisaken, magram ver miaswres – sindma mebrZolebma qalaqis galavans

Seafares Tavi. `maSin vaxtang savse mwuxarebiTa~ gamobrunda ukan

`iglovda guamsa zeda saurmagisasa viTarca Zmisa sayvarlisasa, rameTu

Tanazrdil iyo misi~. saurmagi artavazis mamis, vaxtangis mamamZuZis –

saurmagis Zmiswuli iyo, mefis `erTguli, misandobeli da queli~.

27

sindTa mefem qalaqis galavnidan vaxtangs yvavisa da qoris araki

mouTxro. arakis arsi imaSi mdgomareobda, rom sindeTis xelmwifem,

qristian mefes urwmuno Sahis msaxurebaSi dasdo brali. Tavis mxriv,

vaxtangma upasuxa da Tavis qmedeba axsna. man sindeTis mefes amcno rom

wminda qalaqi ierusalimi gamoixsna, magram Tu sparselebi `mter eqnebian

qristianT~, maSin igi mTlianad qristianTa mxareze dadgeboda. bolos

vaxtang gorgasali sindTa mefem orTabrZolaSi gamoiwvia. vaxtang mefe

daTanxmda. orives xelT horolebi (Subebi) epyraT. daiwyo orTabrZola

da `iwyes rbevad mrguliv navardsa~, orive marjve dros eZebda, raTa

mowinaaRmdegisaTvis Subi eZgerebina. pirvelad es sindTa mefem moaxerxa,

magram mefem `simxniTa da sikiskasiTa (e.i. moqnilobiT, v. g.) tanisa

misisaTa~ horoli aicila da, sapasuxod Tavisi horoli ise sca

marcxena beWSi, rom saWurvelis simagrem ver gauZlo da Subis piri

erTi wyrTa win gavida. cxenidan Camovardnil sindTa mefesTan miiWra

vaxtangi fexSi xeli staca da iranis Sahis win miaTria.

am ambis Semyure sparsTa mefe da `yoveli banaki misi~ sixaruliT

aRivso, `yovelman spaman xmiTa maRliTa SesZaxes qeba vaxtangs~. Sahma

daWrili sindTa mefisaTvis mkurnali ixmo, undoda misi tyved wayvana,

magram vaxtangis TxovniT igi gaaTavisufla, misi ori Svili ki mZevlad

aiyvana. sindeTs indoeTze orjer meti xarki gadaaxdevina, romelic

vaxtangs mianiWa. Tavis mxriv, sindTa mefem didi madloba moaxsena mefes,

jer imisTvis, cxenidan gadmovardnili rom ar mokla, meore –

tyveobidan rom daixsna, amitom man Tavis mxriv, ZRveni `miuwvdomeli da

didZali~ miuZRvna vaxtang gorgasals.

sindeTs SesvliTgan meoTxe wels laSqari abaSeTisaken gamoemarTa.

Sahin-Sah perozTan erTad vaxtang gorgaslis abaSeTSi laSqrobis ambavi,

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ erT-erT yvelaze zRaprul ambad iTvleboda. saqme

is iyo, rom V s-Si qarTvelebma Tu kargad icodnen abaSeTi rom iranis

mosazRvre qveyana iyo, X-XI saukuneebidan es codna daviwyebas mieca da

abaSeTad egviptis samxreTiT mdebare eTiopia iwodeboda. aRniSnulidan

gamomdinare, cxadia, juanSeris cnobebi abaSeTze Cvenma mecnierebma

ararealurad miiCnies.

aq naxseneb abaSeTSi sinamdvileSi romeli regioni igulisxmeba, amas

qvemoT ganvmartav. sindeTidan wamosuli laSqari, rogorc gairkva,

axlandeli avRaneTisa da iranis saxelmwifoebSi Semavali Zveli

drangianas teritoriaze Sevida. Zv. w. II s-Si am mxareSi sakebi (iranuli

modgmis tomebi) damkvidrdnen, ris gamoc igi `sakastanad~ (`sakebis

qveynad~) iwoda. III s-Si iq quSanebi gabatondnen, romelnic iranelebma

daipyres, imxanad ki gandgomilebi iyvnen.

axla vnaxoT, rogor axasiaTebs am qveyanas juanSeri: `da movides

muniT (e. i. sindeTidan) abaSeTs, xolo abaSni msxdomare iyvnes queyanasa,

romelsa mosdgmida wyali da lerwmoani, romelsa ver iareboda navi, da

28

verca oTxfexi, aramed sazRvarTa zeda ars sparsTasa, da sulgrZelad

hbrZodes. rameTu wyali igi romel Sesdioda, gadaugdes, da lerwmoani

igi dawues cecxliTa, da warmotyvevnes abaSeTi yoveli~.

mkiTxveli dameTanxmeba, rom abaSeTi, marTlac, sakmaod ucnauri

qveyana yofila. lerwmianSi TavSefarebul mosaxleobas iq xelovnurad

SeuSviaT wyali. Tumca, wyali arc im siRrmisa iyo, navebiT Sesuliyvnen.

perozis molaSqreebma mxolod wylis Zvel kalapotSi gadagdebis Semdeg

waukides cecxli lerwmovans da ase daimorCiles abaSni. juanSeris

cnobebi sistanis Sesaxeb erT-erTi uZvelesia da igi zustad asaxavs im

viTarebas, romelzedac qvemoT SevCerdebi.

XIX s-Si Sedgenili aRweriT, Sida sistanis CrdiloeTiT ori

laguna (Txeli tba) mdebareobs. maT erT mxares, aRmosavleTiT md.

hilmendis Zveli dinebis kalapoti esazRvreba. samxreTis sazRvars ki

sistanis didi arxi qmnis, ris gamoc am teritorias sami mxridan wyali

akravs. tafobSi (iranulad `hamun~), sadac zemodasaxelebuli lagunebi

mdebareoben, avRaneTis mxridan mdinareebi: harud rudi, farah rudi,

hilmendi da qasrudi Caedinebian. lagunebis samxreTiT gadaWimulia

Waobiani sivrce (iran. `naizar~). wyaldidobisas orive laguna tbebad

iqceva xolme da erTiandeba. wylis donis momatebisas tbidan

gadmomdinare wyali samxreTiT mdebare Waobian sivrces faravs, ris

gamoc es teritoria did tbas emsgavseba. tbebSi wylis donem Tu kidev

moimata, maSin tbidan gadmomdinare wyali erTi totiT ufro samxreTiT,

gavadi zarihis tbis RrmulSi gadadis da sistanis mTeli tafobi wyliT

ifareba. magram, Cans, es iSviaTad xdeba.

roca abaSeTis (sistanis) teritoriaze perozis laSqari Sevida,

wyaldidoba ki ar iyo, aramed abaSebs tafobaSi xelovnurad hqondaT

SeSvebuli wyali, ris gamoc, moxerxda wylis gadagdeba, lerwmovanis

dawva da Sig msxdomare abaSTa damorCileba. `ganyvna mefeman sparsTaman

abaSni orad: da naxevarni dautevna adgilsave zeda, da naxevari

warmoiyvanna viTar saxeli aTasi, da ganyvna igini adgiliTi-adgilad. da

eseni arian qurdni, naTesavni igi romel warmotyuena abaSTagan~.

* * *

abaSeTis damorCilebiT dasrulda Sahin-Sah perozTan erTad vaxtang

gorgaslis xangrZlivi laSqroba iranis mtrebis winaaRmdeg. 468 wels

iranis dedaqalaqSi Casul perozs, iq qarTlis pitiaxSi varsqeni daxvda.

gavixsenoT, rogorc `SuSanikis wamebis~ avtori iakob curtaveli wers,

igi `mervesa welsa sparsTa mefisasa waremarTa karad samefod~.

29

459 wels avida taxtze perozi da misi mefobis merve weli 467

welia. ra Tqma unda, varsqenma icoda laSqrobidan vaxtangi didi

saxeliTa da Sahis ndobiT aRWurvili rom dabrundeboda, amjerad

misTvis Zneli ar iqneboda urC qveSevrdoms gasworeboda. amitom

daaswro varsqenma. Sahis karze cecxlTayvanismcemlobis miRebiTa da

SahTan danaTesavebiT, igi vaxtangisagan xelSeuxebeli pirovneba gaxda.

Tumca Sah perozis daRupvisTanave, rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT, igi vaxtang

mefem moakvlevina.

sanam qarTvelTa laSqari iranelTa banaks datovebda, Sahma Tavisi

asuli colad vaxtang mefesac SesTavaza, magram vaxtangma upasuxa: `ara

jer ars Cemgan orTa colTa pyroba, rameTu mivis me coli asuli

keisrisa~. Sahs ar moewona mefis pasuxi, `daumZimda metad~, magram

vaxtangs, romelsac mis gamarjvebebSi amdeni wvlili miuZRoda, araferi

uTxra. amgvarad: `warmovida vaxtang welsa mervesa~ sparseTs Sesvlidan

da mivida q. urhaSi, sadac `mSvidobiT povna deda da dai misi~. urhadan wamosulni ki roca bizantiis sazRvars miadgnen, bizantielTa laSqari

leonis sardlobiT bizantiis Sida raionebisaken gaemarTa, vaxtang mefem

ki aqedan `waravlina mociquli warmoyvanebad colisa misisa da

petresaTvis~. vaxtangi imperators sTxovda, petre kapadokieli qarTlis

kaTalikosad ekurTxebinaT (es aqti, imperiis, kerZod antioqiis

sapatriarqos mier, qarTlis eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis anu

damoukideblobis miniWebas niSnavda).

qarTlSi Semosul mefes `Ze misi daCi da mis Tana yovelni

spasalarni, da maT Tana episkoposni~ miegebnen. maT Soris iyo, im xanad

qarTlis eklesiis meTauri, vaxtangis aRmzrdeli miqaeli. roca miqaelma

Seityo mefis ganzraxva qarTlis kaTalikosad petres dasmis Sesaxeb,

`iwyo amboxebad da mizezobad~ _ mefes qristianobis datovebasa da

cecxlTayvanismceblobis miRebaSi dasdo brali. mefem uaryo miqaelis

braldeba da uTxra, rom qristes ZaliTa da TanadgomiT moiara es

laSqroba, konstantinopolSi ki, marTlac gaagzavna mociquli TxovniT,

raTa petre kaTalikosad ekurTxebinaT.

am sityvebis gamgone miqaelma `krul-yo mefe da yovelni spani

misni~. aseTi dawyevlis miuxedavad, mefem scada viTareba ar

gaemwvavebina, gadmoxda cxenidan da daapira episkoposis fexs mTxveoda,

magram miqaelma `miamTxvia pirsa mefisasa fandakiTa*~ da mefes kbili

Caumtvria. mefem miqaels, ra Tqma unda, es aRar apatia, mas `vecxlis

moyvare~ uwoda, gadaayena qarTlis eklesiis meTauris kaTedridan da

dasasjelad konstantinopolSi gaagzavna, sadac `mRviZarTa~ monasterSi

monazvnad aRkveces.

rogorc viciT, dedofalma sagduxtma miqaeli im dros moiyvana

bizantiidan, roca binqaran cecxlTayvanismcemlis zewoliT mravalma

qarTvelma datova qristianoba da miqaeli SeebrZola binqarans. isic

30

viciT, rom miqaeli vaxtangis aRmzrdeli iyo. amitom, cxadia, Cndeba

kiTxva, ra moxda, ratom uaryo vaxtang mefem Tavisi aRmzrdeli da

qristianobisaTvis Tavdadebuli miqaeli, ar dasva is qarTlis

avtokefaluri eklesiis pirvel saWeTmpyroblad, da ratom moiwadina am

adgilas dasasmelad maincdamainc petre kapadokieli?

qarTul samecniero literaturaSi mefesa da episkoposs Soris

momxdar konfliqts xan religiur niadagze wamoWrili dapirispirebiT,

xan ki miqaelis vercxlis moyvareobiT xsnidnen. magram, rogorc Cans,

vaxtang mefes ar surda qarTlis damoukidebeli eklesiis pirveli

meTauri isev bizantiidan (antioqiidan) gamogzavnili miqaeli yofiliyo.

amiT eklesiis damoukideblobas azri ekargeboda. pontoSi laSqrobisas

gacnobili petre kapadokieli ki vaxtang mefisa da, saerTod, qarTvelTa

TvalSi savaraudoa, tomiT qarTvelad aRiqmeboda – qarTveli iyo

(gavixsenoT, aseve kapadokiidan iyo qarTvelTa ganmanTlebeli wmida nino,

pontodan iyo warmoSobiT qarTlis pirveli qristiani mefis, mirianis,

meore meuRle nana dedofali). rogorc Cans, kapadokia, im dros

qarTvelTa TvalSi qarTvelTa qveynad iyo miCneuli.

468 wels iranidan qarTlSi dabrunebis Semdeg, vaxtang gorgasali

aSkarad antiiranul politikas daadga. iranis Sahi perozi da qarTl-

albaneTis marzpani maSinve mixvdnen, rom vaxtangis aseT kurss Tu

zRvars ar daudebdnen, qarTlze gavlenas dakargavdnen. ufro gamkacrda

maTi damokidebuleba qarTlis mosaxleobisadmi, Sedegmac ar daayovna –

roca irans Sua aziaSi isev gaurTulda mdgomareoba, – amierkavkasiaSi

ajanyeba daiwyo.

482 wels Sahma perozma ajanyebuli heftalitebis damorCileba

ganizraxa. Sua aziaSi salaSqrod amierkavkasiis qveynebSi mdgomi jarebis

nawilic iranSi gaiwvia, aman Tavis mxriv ajanyeba daaCqara. antiiranuli

ajanyeba albaneTSi daiwyo. mcire biZgi iyo sakmarisi somxeTisTvisac.

amitom, roca vaxtang gorgasalma ajanyeba wamoiwyo, somxeTis

Tavkacebmac gadawyvites misTvis miebaZaT. V s-is somexi avtoris –

lazar farpecis cnobiT, im dros vaxtangi mTel amierkavkasiaSi cnobili

iyo, rogorc mamaci da Wkviani meomari da somxebmac amitom gadawyvites

ajanyebuli qarTlis mefisaTvis mxari daeWiraT.

ajanyebis pirvelsave wels vaxtangma, marTalia, moaxerxa qarTlis

cixesimagreebSi mdgomi iranuli garnizonebis gandevna, magram Crdilo

kavkasiidan didi laSqris gadmoyvana ver SeZlo – damxmared mas mxolod

300 huni mouvida. 483 wlis gazafxulze ajanyebulTa winaaRmdeg

iranidan mihranisa da atrnersehis sardlobiT didi laSqari gamogzavnes.

vaxtangi iZulebuli iyo qarTvelTa laSqriT qarTlis sazRvarTan

somxeTis mTianeTSi gadasuliyo. iq eloda somxeTis damxmare Zalebs.

mefe maT hunTa didi Zalebis mosvlasac pirdeboda. vaxtang mefis

mowodebaze somexTa sardali vahan mamikoniani somexTa laSqriT mTebSi

31

avida. aSkara iyo rom iranis laSqari qarTlis mosaxleobis Zarcvas

daiwyebda, amitom vaxtangs surda, barSi Casuliyvnen da iq Sebmodnen

mters, magram somxebi uars ambobdnen. lazar farpecis cnobiT, vahan

mamikoniani xedavda `somexTa jaris sisustes~, `mas dahkargvoda mxneoba

da dauZlurebuli iyo~, ar hqonda `sxva drois gulmodgineba da

mondomeba~. bevri somexi mzad iyo iranelTa mxareze gadasuliyo. vaxtang

mefem, somxebi barSi Casvlaze rom daeTanxmebina, aseTi xerxic ki ixmara.

somexTa da qarTvelTa jaridan gagzavnil mstovrebs Soridan daanaxes

mravlad danTebuli koconebi, romelTa irgvliv meomarTa msgavsad xis

kunZebi elaga. vaxtangis ganmartebiT es hunTa laSqari iyo da eloda

barSi somxebisa da qarTvelebis Casvlas. vaxtangi somxebs arwmunebda,

TiTqos, hunebs eTqvaT, oRond somxebi Camovidnen aq da mere sparselebs

Cven TviTon gavuswordebiTo.

bolos da bolos vaxtang mefem Tavisi gaitana, 483 wlis zafxulSi

diliT adre, ajanyebulTa laSqari Warmanianis velze iranelebs Seeba.

vaxtang gorgasali da vahan mamikoniani TavganwirviT ibrZodnen,

ajanyebulebma garkveul warmatebasac miaRwies, magram am dros somexTa

nawilma brZolis veli miatova. ajanyebulTa Soris Seqmnili

uwesrigobiT isargebles iranelebma da ufro medgrad Seuties.

ajanyebulTagan bevri tyved Cavarda, danarCenebma gaqceviT uSveles Tavs.

seqtemberi dadga da iranelTa sardlebma qarTli datoves. 483-484

wlebis zamTarma mSvidad Caiara. 484 wlis gazafxulze qarTlSi didi

laSqriT iranelTa axali sardali zarmihr hazaravuxti Semovida. mas

Sahisagan davalebuli hqonda `qarTlis mefe vaxtangi an Seepyra, an

moekla, anda qveynidan gaeZevebina~. Sahi ki kvlav heftalitebis

winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad gaemarTa.

qarTlSi Semosulma iranelTa sardalma mefes ki aRar gaumarTa

brZola, moRalate didebulebi daibara TavisTan. aseTi qarTlis

samefoSi araerTi gamoCnda. vaxtangi iZulebuli gaxda egrisSi

gadasuliyo, magram dro isev qarTvelTa sasargeblod Seicvala, –

qarTlSi iranis laSqris didi nawilisa da TviT perozis daRupvis

ambavi movida. hazaravuxtma qarTli datova. qarTlSi dabrunda vaxtang

mefe da qveynis aRdgena daiwyo. man saswrafod moiSora Tavidan

moRalate didebulTa Tavkaci varsqen pitiaxSi – es moxda 484 wels.

marTalia, am ajanyebiT vaxtang mefem qarTli iranelTa gavlenisagan

ver gaaTavisufla, magram iranis taxtze asuli axali Sahi valarSi

ajanyebulTa mimarT daTmobebze wavida. vaxtang mefem kvlav ganagrZo

brZola qveynis gasaZliereblad.

32

* * *

zemoT, roca vaxtang gorgaslis mcdelobiT qarTlis eklesiisaTvis

avtokefaliis mopovebaze vsaubrobdi, am movlenis TariRi ar aRminiSnavs.

468 wels qarTlidan gaZevebuli miqael episkoposi konstantinopolis

patriarqma dasaja da vaxtang mefem petre kapadokielis kurTxeva

imperatorsa da konstantinopolis patriarqs sTxova. amitom, am bolo

dromde fiqrobdnen, rom avtokefaliis mopovebamde, qarTlis eklesia

konstantinopolis sapatriarqos emorCileboda. mkvlevrebi yuradRebas

ar aqcevdnen iqve arsebul cnobas, imperatorma da patriarqma vaxtangis

elCoba konstantinopolidan antioqias rom `waravlines~ da `miuweres

antioqiis patriarqs~: `Cven viciT, rom adridanve, `uwinaresobis~

kanonidan gamomdinare, qarTlis eklesia Tqveni wmida saydrisa iyo,

`viTarca ganaweses mociqulTa saxarebasa Sina~. aseve miuweres `yoveli

saqme didisa vaxtang mefisa~ da sTxoves petre kapadokieli

kaTalikosad, danarCeni 11 sasuliero piri, vinc mas surda, samuelTan

erTad episkoposebad ekurTxebina.

qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSi, qarTlis eklesia rom antioqiis

eklesias emorCileboda, SemTxveviTi ar iyo. siriis dedaqalaqi –

antioqia, romis imperiis aRmosavleT nawilis religiur, kulturul da

administraciul centrs warmoadgenda. misi eklesia (qristianuli Temi)

TviT petre mociqulis mier iyo daarsebuli. antioqias `RvTis qalaqs~

(berZn. `Teopolisi~) uwodebdnen. swored antioqiis eklesiis siZlierem

da didma avtoritetma ganapiroba, III s-is damdegidan mis episkoposs ara

marto romis imperiis aziuri nawilis (TviT konstantinopolisa da

ierusalimis CaTvliT), aramed imperiis farglebs gareT arsebuli

eklesiebic rom emorCileboda (maT Soris qarTlis, egrisis, somxeTis).

antioqiis eklesiis gavlenaSi myofi – kapadokiis eklesiidan gamosulma

misionerebma iqadages am qveynebSi qristes mcneba. maT Seasrules

gadamwyveti roli, rogorc qarTlSi, ise egrisSi (aseve somxeTSi)

qristianobis gamarjvebis saqmeSi.

daaxloebiT 317 wels galatiidan (es iyo kapadokiis momijnave

mxare. Zveli qarTveli avtori mas branjTa qveyanas uwodebs) qarTlSi

Camosulma mTavardiakonma qarTlis eklesiis pirvel episkoposad ioane

akurTxa. 325 wlis bolos, ki antioqiis episkoposis evstaTis mier

qarTlis eklesiis kurTxevis Semdeg, qarTlis eklesiaze antioqiis

eklesiis zemdgomoba damyarda. im droidan mokidebuli, qarTlis

eklesiis meTaurebad antioqiidan gamogzavnili sasuliero pirebi

iniSnebodnen. erT-erTi aseTi iyo miqael episkoposi. axla vaxtang mefe

cdilobda qarTlis eklesia antioqiis eklesiis (451 wlidan antioqiis

episkoposi patriarqad iwoda) gavlenisagan gaeTavisuflebina.

33

radgan konstantinopolis patriarqi (konstantinopolis episkoposic

451 wels, qalkedonis IV msoflio saeklesio krebis gadawyvetilebis

safuZvelze iwoda patriarqad da imperiis aziur nawilSi pirvel

saWeTmpyroblad iqna aRiarebuli) da imperatori (gavixsenoT imperatori

leoni vaxtangis simamri iyo) Tanaxmani iyvnen qarTlis eklesiisaTvis

avtokefalia mieniWebinaT. am saqmisaTvis, TiTqos, xeli arafers ar unda

SeeSala. magram rodesac antioqiaSi qarTvelTa delegacia Cavida, iq

monofizitebs (eseni aRiarebdnen qristes erTbunebianobas) da

diofizitebs (aRiarebdnen qristes orbunebianobas), Soris iseTi

dapirispireba iyo, rom petre kapadokielisa da sxva sasuliero pirebis

xeldasxma ver moxerxda. aqedan gamomdinare, qarTlis eklesiis

avtokefalurad aRiareba karga xniT gadaido. rogorc vaxtangis

`cxovrebaSia~ naTqvami, antioqiis sapatriarqosagan qarTlis eklesiam

avtokefalia qarTlis moqcevidan 170-e wlisTavze e.i. 487 wels miiRo.

petre kapadokieli qarTlis kaTalikosad antioqiis patriarqma – petre

fulonma akurTxa. manve akurTxa episkoposebad samuel kapadokieli da 11

sxva sasuliero moRvawe. qarTlSi Camosvlis Semdeg petre qarTlis

avtokefaluri eklesiis pirveli kaTalikosi gaxda, samueli vaxtang

mefem mcxeTis episkoposad daadgina. danarCenma 11-ma qarTlis samefos

sxvadasxva kuTxeSi daikaves saepiskoposo kaTedrebi. mefem zogi

arasasurveli episkoposi axliT Secvala, zogi saepiskoposo axlad

Seqmna. es iyo vaxtang gorgaslis saeklesio reforma. akad. ivane

javaxiSvilis Tanaxmad, V s. II naxevris qarTlis samefoSi daaxloebiT

21 saepiskoposo iyo.

* * *

vaxtang gorgaslis mravalmxrivi moRvaweobidan qarTveli xalxis

xsovnaSi yvelaze didi kvali qarTlis samefos axal dedaqalaq TbilisSi

dawyebulma didma saaRmSeneblo saqmianobam datova. miuxedavad imisa, rom

vaxtang gorgaslma mxolod samuSaoebis dawyeba moaswro, xolo samefo

taxti mcxeTidan TbilisSi daCi mefem gadmoitana, qarTveli xalxi

Tbilisis gadedaqalaqebas mainc vaxtang gorgasals miawers. Tbilisis

daarsebasTanaa dakavSirebuli lamazi legenda, romelic yvela

qarTvelisTvisaa cnobili, magram mis Sinaarss qvemoT mainc movitan.

Tqmulebis mixedviT, im dros Tbilisi da misi midamoebi tyiT

yofila moculi. erTxel, roca vaxtang gorgasali amaliT am adgilebSi

nadirobda, monadireTa win xoxobi afrinda. mefis mimino xoxobs

gamoedevna. male orive frinveli Tvals miefara. mefe da misi mxleblebi

imave mxarisaken wavidnen da didi xnis Zebnis Semdeg naxes, rom mimino da

xoxobi wyalSi Cavardiliyvnen da Cafufquliyvnen.

34

mefem daaTvaliera is midamoebi, sadac mravlad iyo: grili, Tbili

da cxeli wylebi. mefes isic moaxsenes, rom am wylebs samkurnalo

Tvisebebi hqonda. mefem im adgilas qalaqis ageba brZana da Tbili

wylebis gamo qalaqs `tfilisi~ (Zvelad Tbili `tfilad~ gamoiTqmoda)

uwoda. Zveli Tbilisi axlandeli abanoTubnis midamoebSi aSenda.

aseTia legenda, sinamdvileSi ki V s-isaTvis Tbiliss, rogorc

dasaxlebul adgils didi xnis istoria hqonda. IV s-is Sua xanebidan ki

TbilisSi iraneli pitiaxSi ijda.

1958 wels qarTvelma xalxma didi zeimiT aRniSna Tbilisis

gadedaqalaqebis 1500 wlisTavi (igulisxmeboda, rom TbilisSi 458 wels

gadaitanes samefo taxti mcxeTidan). Seiqmna 500 gverdiani gamokvleva

`Tbilisis istoria~, sayovelTaod cnobili `simRera Tbilisze~ da sxva.

magram, Tu Cemi qronologiiT vixelmZRvanelebT 458 wels vaxtang mefe

axali dabrunebuli iyo bizantiis winaaRmdeg laSqrobidan da iranelTa

Tavdasxmis mosagerieblad qveynis cixe-simagreebs amagrebda.

vaxtang mefes TbilisSi rom saaRmSeneblo samuSaoebi daewyo, igi

Tavisufali unda yofiliyo iranuli garnizonisagan. aseTi dro ki 484

wlidan dadga, roca perozis daRupvis Semdeg iranelma moxeleebma da

jarma qarTli datova. daaxloebiT 485 wlidan vaxtang mefem TbilisSi

mSeneblobebi daiwyo, magram misi damTavreba ar dascalda. 488 wels Sahi

valarSi, misive Zmiswulma – kavad perozis Zem taxtidan gadaayena da

Tvalebi daTxara. amis Semdeg, roca qveyana cota moZlierda, kavadma

vaxtang mefesTan mociquli gamoagzavna. mefes asuls (meore meuRlisagan

mefes ori Ze da erTi asuli hyavda) da bizantiis winaaRmdeg

laSqrobaSi monawileobas sTxovda, razec mefem uari SeuTvala.

roca mefesTan – mcxeTaSi Sahis elCi movida `vaxtang aSenebda

qalaqsa tfilisisasa da safuZveli oden daedva... maSin vaxtang dReTa

miwevnul iyo viTar samocisa wlisa~.

488 wels iranis taxtze axalgazrda, energiuli kavad I-is asvlis

Semdeg Zireulad Seicvala valarSis droindeli uniaTo politika.

hunebTan xangrZlivi brZolis gamo, qveyana Sinaganad dasustebuli iyo.

misi ekonomikurad moZliereba mxolod bizantiidan miRebuli oqroTi

SeiZleboda (jer kidev iezdigerd II-is dros dadebuli xelSekrulebiT

kavkasiis zekarebis dacvis gamo, imperia irans 500 oqros uxdida).

kavadma konstantinopolSi elCebi gaagzavna da imperiisagan moiTxova an

oqro gamoegzavnaT, an omi mieRoT. es elCoba jer kidev gzaSi iyo, roca

bizantiis imperatoris gardacvalebis ambavi gaiges (imperatori zenoni

491 wlis 9 apirils gardaicvala). kavadma elCebs daavala oqro axali

imperatorisagan moeTxovaT, magram, radgan am Txovnaze manac uari Tqva,

iranma bizantiis winaaRmdeg omi daiwyo. iranelTa laSqris erTi nawili

vaxtang mefis dasasjelad gamoemarTa.

35

iranelTa SemoWramde, vaxtang mefem qveyanaSi sagangebo RonisZiebebi

gaatara: `waravlina qadagni~ da mosaxleobas mouwoda kavkasiis mTebSi

Sexiznuliyo: `rameTu kaxeTi tye iyo da Seuvali mterisa~. kaxeTSi,

lopotis xevSi – gaxiznes daCi da samefo ojaxi. ujarmaSi iyo vaxtang

mefe, xolo erisTavebi mcxeTaSi imyofebodnen. 491 wlis1 aprilis

bolos iranelTa laSqari kaxeTs moadga: `Semusrna qalaqi kambeCoani* da

Weremisa da veliscixis cixeebi~ da `viTarca moiwivnes kaxeTad,

daibanakes iorsa zeda~. qarTlis laSqaric iq ganlagda.

gadamwyveti brZolebic ioris velze mimdinareobda _ `sam dRe

yovelTa dReTa ibrZodes da daecemoda orTave spaTagan uricxvi~. samefo

banakSi imyofeboda petre kaTalikosic. mefem mas uTxra: `icode,

iranelebi Cven xarkis miucemlobis gamo ki ar gvebrZvian, aramed qristes

rjulis datovebisaTvis. Cemi ganzraxva esaa, sjulis datovebas, qristes

saxelisTvis sikvdili sjobs~-o. mefe iranelebisadmi araviTar daTmobas

ar apirebda. gadamwyveti brZolis win, mefem samRdeloebas sTxova

ujarmis cixesTan wmida raJdenis* saxelze agebul taZarTan

gadasuliyvnen, raTa usafrTxod yofiliyvnen. TviTon ki qarTvelTa

laSqari samad gayo: qveiTebi `kldiT kerZo miavlina~. calke daayena

pitiaxSebi da spaspeti, xolo sadac sparsTa mefe iyo, masze Seteva

TviT mefem iTava – da brZolis meoTxe, `nislisagan ganciskrebul~

(ganaTebul) Rames, vaxtangi moulodnelad SeiWra mtris banakSi, Sahis

karavamde miaRwia da mokla Sahis Ze. ai, am dros `sparsman vinme sca

isari mkerdsa vaxtangisasa~. daWril mefes brZolis veli ar dautovebia

– brZola SuadRemde gagrZelda. TavganwirviT mebrZolma mefem da misma

meomrebma mravlad gaJlites iranelebi, cxenebic mravlad igdes xelT.

magram mefes Wriloba awuxebda, brZolis gagrZeleba veRar SeZlo – igi

ujarmis cixeSi gadaiyvanes. iranelTa laSqari aiyara ioris velidan da

`Cadga rusTavs~. rac Seexeba karnu-qalaqTan mdgom bizantielTa

laSqars, imaTac Seebnen iranelebi, magram did sisxlismRvrel brZolaSi

`ver sZles erTmaneTsa~. mas Semdeg ki, rac bizantielebma vaxtang

gorgaslis daWris ambavi Seityves, aRarc ucdiaT qarTlSi Semosvla.

491 wels bizantielebma iranTan zavi dades.

vaxtang mefes ki `daumZimda wyluleba~, radgan isari filtvSi iyo

Sesuli. iranelebma moaoxres Tbilisi, armazi, mcxeTis galavnis gareT

arsebuli dasaxlebebi. ujarmaSi myof mefes Wriloba TandaTan

umZimdeboda. roca mefem sikvdilis moaxloveba igrZno, anu: `Seityo

sikudili Tavisa Tvisisa~, miixmo `kaTalikosi, dedofali elene, Zeebi,

yovelni warCinebulni~ da uTxra: `me esera warval winaSe RmrTisa

Cemisa~, vmadlob mis saxels, rom mis gamorCeul wmindanebs ar damaklo.

Cemi Txovnaa, mtkiced ideqiT qristianul sarwmunoebaze, eZieT saxeli

1 iv. javaxiSvili, vaxtang gorgaslis sikvdilis da Sesabamisad misi bolo brZolis TariRad 502 w. miiCnevda.

36

da qristesTvis sikvdili _ `raTa waruvali dideba moigoT~. Semdeg

ganacxada, rom daCis aZlevda samefo gvirgvins, daCis Zmebs (e.i. leons

da mirdats) ki dautova teritoria taSiskaridan da wundidan

mokidebuli vidre bizantiis sazRvramde; aseve dedofal elenes mziTvis

miwebi `egris-wyalsa da klisuras Sua~. Zmebi am teritoriebis

erisTavebi unda yofiliyvnen da daCis damorCilebodnen.

anderZis warmoTqmis Semdeg vaxtang mefe gardaicvala.

vaxtang mefis gardacvalebam didi glova gamoiwvia mTel qarTlis

samefoSi. mefis sikvdili didi danaklisi iyo rogorc

warCinebulTaTvis, ise `yoveli erisaTvis~. xalxi Tavs nacars iyrida da

sikvdils natrobda, tirilisa da godebisagan `iZvroda qveyana da

morwmune eri hnatrida mefesa, rameTu qristesaTvis moikla~.

ujarmidan mefe waasvenes mcxeTaSi da dakrZales mis mierve agebul

sveticxovelis taZarSi*. l. sanikiZis sityviT: `bumberazis samaradJamo

samkvidrebels bumberazi lodi dasdes... xalxSi ganumeorebeli xsovna

datova saxelovanma xelmwifem. leqsebsa da simRerebs Txzavdnen

`ialbuzis gmirze~. ambobdnen: gaqceul irems mefe, iaraRiT SeWurvili

rom yofiliyo, mainc daeweodao. SeWurvil cxens mxarze moidebda da

mcxeTidan armaz-cixeze muxlCauxrelad avidodao... saukuneTa manZilze

qarTvelni da maTi mter-moyvareni gaocebulni Sescqerodnen

sveticxovelSi gamofenil uzarmazar tansacmelsa da saomar

aRWurvilobas. qarTul samefo droSas ewoda misi saxeli _

`gorgasliani~.

37

ganmartebiTi leqsikoni *

abaSeTi – eTiopia. aq: iranis aRmosavleTi regioni sistani.

anTipati, anTipatrikiosi-bizantiuri – sakariskaco tituli. s.

yauxCiSvilis mixedviT, imperatoris nacvals niSnada.

drahkani – oqros fulis erTeuli. etimologiurad aqemenidi mefis

dariosis moWrils niSnavs (darehuli). bizantiuri drahkani 4,55 grami

iyo.

aqemenianTa imperia _ Zv. w. 558-330 wlebSi arsebobda. mas aleqsandre

makedonelma mouRo bolo.

`vigri~ _ sulxan-saba orbelianis ganmartebiT, zRvis Tevzia; am saxelis

xmeleTis cxovelic aris.

kambeCoani – qiziyis Zveli saxeli iyo.

karnu-qalaqi (Teodosiopoli) – axlandeli q. erzerumi (arzrumi)

Crdilo-aRmosavleT TurqeTSi.

marzpani – iranuli sityvaa da qveynis mcvels niSnavs.

mirian mefe – sinamdvileSi qarTlis mefe levis (revi) Ze iyo. uZveles

qarTul matianeSi - `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s qronikaSi revi 26-e mefedaa dasaxelebuli da naTqvamia `rev mamaÁ mirianisi~. mogvTa – mcxeTis erT-erTi ubani iyo, sadac cecxlTayvanismcemlebi

cxovrobdnen.

`mcire quSani~ _ V s-is qarTlSi indoeTSi arsebuli `mcire quSanTa~

saxelmwifo rom scodniaT, amas mowmobs bibliis teqstis Zveli

qarTuli Targmani.

mcire xazareTis (mdinareSi md. yubani igulisxmeba) _ leonti mrovelis

cnobiT, es mdinare egrisis samefos Crdilo sazRvari (e.i. megrel-lazTa

gansaxlebis) iyo.

nebroTi _ iyo bibliuri personaJi, sworupovari monadire. babilonis

samefos miTiuri damaarsebeli. misi saxeli dakavSirebulia Zvel

saqarTvelosTanac.

peroJa-kafa _ (igive xalxala) qarTl-albaneTis sazRvarze mdebare

albanuri qalaqi iyo.

raJdeni _ iyo vaxtang mefis pirveli meuRlis balenduxtis mamamZuZe,

romelic gaqristianda. 460 wels iranelebma sof. wromSi (axland.

xaSuris raioni) wamebiT mokles. vaxtang mefem misi neSti wromidan sof.

niqozSi gadaasvena da iq saeposkoposo Seqmna. qarTulma eklesiam ki

raJdeni wmindanad Seracxa.

samSvilde – am uZvelesi da udidesi cixe-qalaqis nangrevebi qvemo

qarTlSi, axlandel TeTri wyaros raionSi mdebareobs.

sefewuli – Tavdapirvelad samefo sagvareulosa da samefo saxlis

wevrs ewodeboda. saerTod sazogadoebis umaRlesi fenis warmomadgeneli

iyo.

38

sveticxoveli _ sveticxovlis axlandeli taZari Zvelze _ vaxtang

gorgaslis mier agebul taZarzea daSenebuli.

sinopi – yvelaze moxerxebuli navsadguria Savi zRvis samxreT

sanapiroze. igi pontos samefos dedaqalaqi iyo. iq daibada antikuri

samyaros erT-erTi gamoCenili pirovneba miTridate VI evpatori –

pontos samefos mbrZanebeli Zv. w. 120-63 ww. TviT pontos samefos

mosaxleobis didi nawili qarTveluri warmomavlobis iyo.

somxiTi _ juanSeris es cnoba saeWvod miaCniaT. `somxiTad~ Zvelad

qvemo qarTli iwodeboda, rac isedac qarTlis samefoSi Sedioda.

fandaki – maRalqusliani qoSi.

Svideuli erTi – Svidi dRe, erTi kvira.

cecxlTayvanismcemloba (igive zoroastrizmi, mazdeanoba) – sasanianTa

iranis saxelmwifo religia iyo. sasanianebi mas damorCilebul qveynebSi

ZaldatanebiT avrcelebdnen. qarTlis araerT mxareSi (mag. TbilisSi,

nekresSi, lopotis xevSi, rexaSi (da sxvagan) aigo cecxlis taZari –

aTeSgahi (spars. `aTeS~ – cecxli, `gah~ – adgili). gansakuTrebiT

grandiozuli iyo axlandel qarelis raionSi, dedoflis mindorze

arsebuli taZari.

cixe-goji – egrisis samefos dedaqalaqi iyo. berZnuli wyaroebis

arqeopolisi. cixis nangrevebi axlandel senakis raionSi mdebareobs.

wyrTa – Zvel saqarTveloSi iyo sigrZis sazomi erTeuli.

Sinaarsobrivad gamosaxavda manZils idayvidan Sua TiTis wveramde.

sulxan-saba orbelianis ganmartebiT, wyrTa _ naxevari adli – daaxl.

50,6 sm. iyo.

39

gamoyenebuli literatura da wyaroebi:

• goilaZe v., farnavazianTa saxlis qristian mefeTa qronologia, Tb.,

1990.

• goilaZe v., vaxtang gorgasali da misi istorikosi, Tb., 1991.

• goilaZe v., qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, Tb., 1991.

• goilaZe v., amierkavkasiaSi sasanianTa mmarTvelobis asaxva qarTul

saistorio tradiciaSi, `macne~ istoriis seria, 1982 #4.

• goilaZe v., asurel mamaTa samSoblo da saqarTvelo, Tb., 2002.

• goilaZe v., qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis saTaveebTan, `mnaTobi~,

1984 #11.

• kakabaZe s., vaxtang gorgasali da misi xana, Tb., 1994.

• lorTqifaniZe m., qarTli V saukunis meore naxevarSi, Tb., 1979.

• musxeliSvili d., saqarTvelo IV-VIII saukuneebSi, Tb., 2003.

• juanSeri, cxovreba vaxtang gorgaslisa. wignSi – qarTlis

cxovreba. teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT

s. yauxCiSvilis mier, t. I, Tb., 1955.

40