KOPPARGÅRDARNA

SWEDEN 1:10 000 000

CHANGE OF SEASONS

ÖRESUND REGION 1:500 000 LANDSKRONA 1 : 50 000

SCALES OF CONTEXT

The Öresund region in the south of Sweden is the fastest expanding area of the country. Growing infrastructure and companies makes it feasible that the attractiveness of the area will increase in the future rising the demand on housing.

Sweden generally has a cold climate, but in the south Landskrona is one of the cities that displays early springs and long summer, ideal for a thriving vegetation. In Sweden the main production of electricity comes from renewable sources.

PROJECT GOALS

KARLSLUND 1 : 50 000

Sustainability is a vastly complex task that demands a holistic and foresighted perspective. For a project of this type there is only so much that can be done, making it reasonable to focus on the most crucial aspects of the site. In the sustainability matrix the issue was looked at in the big perspective, this made it important to develop a new set of goals based on the given task, focusing the sustainability problem on the most relevant parts of Koppargården.

DESIGN STRATEGIES

With a holistic and responsible approach the aim of this project is to enable the entire neighbourhood to flourish.

The changes are carefully balanced so that social qualities and essential energy savings are achieved with simple solutions that cause minimal intrusion on the current dwellers. Complementary buildings are thoughtfully added in favourable locations to define the yards while cherishing the present qualities.

The sustainable performance of the neighbourhood adapts to the shifting qualities of the seasons while supporting activities and engaging events over the year. Koppargårdarna is a foresighted endeavour to strengthen the identity of the area as a precious home and an appreciated part of the city of Landskrona.

Located in the centre of the Öresund region Landskrona, “the city in the wind”, is well connected to the large urban areas of Malmö, Lund and Helsingborg. The city has the most allotments in Sweden and the largest area is just north of Karlslund, the project site.

Karlslund is a million housing district, Koppargården in the north is suffering from a bad reputation regarding its social problems. This is coupled with poor energy values making it an area in need of refurbishment.

The main issue of Koppargården of today is the reputation, reports of criminality and a location in the fringe of the city has made the district into an isolated area. The potential of Koppargården is great with both sports, commercial centre, urban farming and train station in the proximity as well as good connections to the city, but this is lost in the bad neighbourhood stamp given to the district of today.

The site today lacks some important neighbourhood qualities, yard definition, distinction between private and public zones and some common areas for the residents. Between the buildings several beautiful green areas and playgrounds can be found, but the lack of structure and understanding of the site hinders these qualities from reaching their full potential.

The buildings of today are partially worn down and consist in places of hazardous materials such as asbestos. The entrances and staircases are dark and project an uninviting feeling to the yards, additionally sporadic bicycle storage between the buildings contribute to the non-programmed feeling of the area.

RESPONSIBLE REFURBISHMENT

MINIMIZE THE INTRUSION ON TENANTS AND COUNTER NEGATIVE GENTRIFICATIONCHOOSE SUSTAINABLE, EFFICIENT AND WELL-MOTIVATED SOLUTIONS

SOCIO-SPATIAL IMPROVEMENTS

ENHANCE THE EXTERIOR QUALITIES TO IMPROVE THE APPEARANCE AND EXPERIENCE OF THE SITEPROVIDE SPACE FOR SEASONAL ACTIVITIES TO STRENGTHEN THE LOCAL IDENTITY

EFFICIENT BUILDING PERFORMANCE

DECREASE NET ENERGY USAGE BY 75% WHILE ADDING ATTRACTIVE RENTABLE SPACEIMPROVE THE LIVING SPACE AND COMFORT FOR THE CURRENT DWELLERS

KOPPARGÅRDEN TODAY

ANALYSIS OF THE PRESENT PROJECT SITE - KARLSLUND

TO REMOVE OBSCURITY AND CREATE DEFINED QUALITATIVE EXTERIOR SPACES WE:

ORDER THE SITE INTO A CLEAR RESIDENTIAL AREA, AN EDUCATIONAL ZONE AND A PUBLIC AREA WITH VARIOUS COMPONENTSADD CORNER BUILDINGS BETWEEN THE EXISTING BLOCKS TO DEFINE THE YARDS AND DIRECT FLOWSDIVIDE THE RESIDENTIAL INTO THREE WELL DEFINED YARDS WITH CLEAR ENTRANCES AND EASY ORIENTATIONCREATE DIFFERENT ZONES WITHIN THESE YARDS TO ALLOW FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES WITHIN EACH YARD

TO IMPROVE THE INTEGRATION BETWEEN THE AREA AND ITS SURROUNDING AND THE CITY WE:

CREATE A SEASON PARK IN THE SOUTH FORMING THE NEW ATTRACTIVE SOUTH ENTRANCE TO THE AREATURN THE BORDER BETWEEN RESIDENTIAL AND PARK AREA INTO A PLAZA FOR VARIOUS SEASONAL EVENTSINTRODUCE NEW APARTMENTS TO DIVERSIFY THE APARTMENT TYPOLOGY OF THE AREAREALLOCATE THE CURRENT KINDERGARTEN AND NURSING HOME TO THE NEW EDUCATION AREA NEXT TO THE PARK

CONNECT TO THE SPORTS ZONE IN THE WEST WITH RUNNING AND WALKING TRACKS TO EXPERIENCE THE NEW KOPPARGÅRDARNAREDUCE MOST OF THE PARKING TO THE NORTH MAKING THIS A GREEN CORRIDOR TO THE ALLOTMENTS

TO IMPROVE THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF THE TENANTS WE:

GIVE ALL CURRENT APARTMENTS A NEW GLAZED BALCONY THAT OPENS UP THE FLOOR PLANS AND ADD A FEW EXTRA SQUARE METRESINTRODUCE NEW COMMON AREAS IN THE NEW CORNER BUILDINGS THAT CAN FACILITATE SPARE TIME ACTIVITIESREDESIGN THE ENTRANCES INTO BRIGHTER MORE INVITING SPACES FOR RESIDENTS AND VISITORSCREATE NEW BRIGHT AND EFFICIENT LAUNDRY AND RECYCLING ROOMS IN THE NEW CORNER BUILDINGS

PROMOTE BICYCLING WITH NEW INDOOR STORAGE IN THE ENTRANCES FOR EASY ACCESS AND SAFE STORAGE

ENERGY STRATEGIESTO REDUCE ENERGY LOSSES WE:

ADD ADDITIONAL INSULATION OF WALLS, ROOF, BASEMENT CEILING AND LEAVE THE BASEMENT WITH STORAGES UNHEATEDIMPROVE THE FORM FACTOR OF THE BUILDINGS AND MINIMIZE INFILTRATION THROUGH A NEW AIR TIGHT CLIMATE SHELLREPLACE THE CURRENT WINDOWS WITH MORE EFFICIENT NEW ONES

TO REUSE AND PRODUCE ENERGY WE:

PRODUCE YEAR ROUND ELECTRICITY WITH PVS IN KEY LOCATIONS AND CAPTURE EXHAUST AIR HEAT BY AIR-WATER HEAT PUMPS USE THE THERMAL MASS OF THE GROUND FOR PRE-TEMPERING OF THE INLET AIR IN GROUND DUCTSMINIMIZE INSTALLATION LOSSES BY PLACEMENT INSIDE CLIMATE SHELL OR GROUND DUCTGENERATE HEAT, SPECIFICALLY IN THE FALL AND WINTER, THROUGH A COMPOST HEAT SYSTEMUSE THE WIND ON THE ROOFS TO HELP DRIVE THE EXHAUST FANS INSTEAD OF ELECTRICITY

TO LIMIT CO2 EMISSIONS AND CONTROL ENERGY SYSTEMS WE:

STOP USING THE DISTRICT HEATING IN FAVOUR OF AN ELECTRICITY – HEAT PUMP SOLUTIONPROMOTE BICYCLING WITH NEW PROMINENT STORAGETRANSFER HEAT ON A DAILY BASIS USING A TWO-STOREY ACCUMULATOR TANK IN THE NEW BASEMENTSDISTRIBUTE THE PRE-HEATED AIR THROUGH THE NEW WALL DUCTS INTO LIVING AND BED ROOMS

ENABLE EASIER FLOW OF AIR THROUGH THE APARTMENTS WITH A MORE OPEN FLOOR PLAN

REDUCE THE RADIATION AND HEAT LOSSES THROUGH GLAZED BALCONIES WITH CELLULAR PANELS

CONTROL THE INDOOR THERMAL CLIMATE WITH NEW RADIATOR WALLS CONNECTED TO THE AIR INLETS

Koppargården

A SUSTAINABLE PERSPECTIVE

Local center

Sport area

Park area

School

Allotments

Industrial area

THE NEW DISTRICT OF KOPPARGÅRDARNA

AESTHETICAL IMPRESSION & SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT

The main residential areas are divided into three semi-closed quarters around interior yards.

CLEARER DISTINCTIONS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE WITH ADDITIONAL SITE QUALITIES

KOPPARGÅRDARNA 1:800KOPPARGÅRDARNA 1:3000

KOPPARGRDARNA 1:3000

ENERGY PLANNING

III

III

III

III

III

III

III

III

III

VII

I

VII

I

VII

I

VII

I

VII

IV

III

The last residential area surround a more open yard that include public activities and meeting places to create an attraction point within the neigbourhood.

BUILDINGS AND FUNCTIONS

B AAA B B

D D DCCC

NEIGBOURHOOD DESIGN

Green Corridor

Residential buffer zone with temporal urban gardening

The green barrier towards the allotments is made into a green corridor that connects with an urban gardening area on the old parking lot. This area will be possible to develop in the future.

Schools and kindergardens are gathered around an educational park and enclosed playground.

Public yard

Activity yardEducational Park

School yard

A. Semi-public street B. Semi-public yardC. Private yardD. Semi-private yard

Open plaza

Season park

In the heart of the neigbourhood is an open plaza for seasonal events and spontanious activities that create a shared space between tenants and visitors. In connection is a season park with shifting character over the year.

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BB

C

C

A A

SECTION A 1:400

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SECTION B 1:400

SECTION C 1:400

III

III

III

III

III

KOPPARGÅRDARNA 1:3000

An interior pathway connect the residential yards and provide a private shortcut between the shared green meetingplaces for the tenants

A well litt running track circles around the area inside a green corridor and connect it with the sport facilities and parks to the west. From this track passer bies can get familiar with the area.

FLOWS AND ORIENTATION

Each residential yard has a well defined entrance from the plaza and another towards the northern urban gardening and allotments

New pathways strenghten the connection with the big allotment area to the north.

Koppargårdarna have three public entrances that connect the area to the surrounding neigbourhoods and public transport. These connect public flows in four major nodes that are potential meeting places. The central open plaza give a welcoming overview over the area .

ADDITIONAL BUILDINGS

1

1. Kopparplatsen2. The boardwalk3. The bosket4. The plaza 5. The soccer field6. The parkour court7. The forest hill8. The portico9. The central landing

2

3 4

IV

IVIII III

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IVIIIIII

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5 6

9 8

III

Preschool and nursery home

Colored yard corners with shared amenities on groundfloor to add presence. Complemented with new apartments above for larger families. Added rooftop apartments and shared terraces

Common wintergardens with sun terracesShaded yard linking pergolas

III

7

Cohouse and activity building1 1 122 2

333

1. Playgrounds2. Sun lawns3. Entrance streets4. Private lawns 5. Barbecue sites6. The plaza park7. Yard squares8. Wall & hard court9. Arbour paths

45

45

45

6

7

1

7 7

88

999

EXTERIOR MEETING PLACES

The new Koppargårdarna is given an aesthetical update. As part of the work to change the reputation of the area the facades get a new clear design that relates to the old buildings. The new materials, open entrances, defined yards and flows lift the feeling of the current neighbourhood. A dash of colour is added in the new yards to further provide identity to the new Koppargårdarna.

KOPPARGÅRDARNA 1:3000

PASSIVE SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY REDUCTION AND SOLAR GAIN

Reduced formfactor with new envelopesSmaller windows on northern facadesGlazing in favourable directions give solar gainAdditional building protect old gablesVertical PV:s are integrated on high gables

A VISIBLE IMPROVEMENT FOR ALL

To give the new Koppargårdarna a stronger identity facilitating common activities have been a focus point. The new plaza provides space for harvest markets, sport events, meetings and other shared activities. In the bottom floors of the new corner buildings another set of common space is created, facilitating various spare time activities for the tenants over the year.

PROGRESS TOGETHER

The experience of the neighbourhood is given improvements with clearer entrances and walkways, better private-public zooning, less barriers and a strengthened connection to surrounding areas.

The previously sporadic residential buildings are joined together with the added volumes defining a residential zone with yards. This is complemented with the public plaza and park to the south, creating an attraction point within the neighbourhood that helps develop the identity of the area.

The buildings get a visual change through the renovations in a way that can improve the ambiance of the neighbourhood, especially on the ground level with the new and more open entrances.

25A

25A

25A

REDESIGNED ENTRANCESNew open entrances to the building welcoming both tenants and visitors.

ARCHITECTURE

Earth tube ventilation is built when the facades are being upgraded. These provide preheated air in the winter and cooled air during the over heated summer months. The new facades include new shafts for distribution directly to the living room and bed rooms in the apartments

Horizontal PV:s are integrated on the new roofs of the 4-storey corner buildings. Vertical PV:s are integrated in the high gables of the 8-storey building. These positions give a favourable Electricity production over the entire year.

SUN, AIR AND STORAGE

Acumulator tanks are built in the basements of new corner buildings to store produced heat

SEASON PARKA new park that changes with the seasons reshape the south entrnce to the site.

ADDED APARTMENTSNew rooftop and corner apartments add diversity in rentable space.

PUBLIC PLAZAA new plaza facilitates seasonal events attracting people and strenghtens the local identity.

DEFINED YARDSNew yards with clear privacy levels bring qualities to the outdoor space.

ENERGY USE

NEW FLOORPLANS

VENTILATION AND HEATING ENERGY PRODUCTION

IMPROVED WALLS

EARTH TUBE VENTILATION

WINDDRIVEN EXHAUST FANEXHAUST AIR HEAT PUMP

SOLAR GAINS

INTERNAL GAINS

NEW WINDOWS

ACCUMULATOR TANKINSULATED BASEMENT CEILING

NEW INLET DUCTSventilation muffler

COP 5

16.7 kWh/(m² year)18 % Increase

FACADE RENOVATION

heat water pipeswall integrated radiator

44 % Improvementg-Value 0.62U-Value ~0.8 W/(m² K)

11.5 kWh/(m² year)

U-Value 0.17 W/(m² K)

84% Efficiency26% Reduced Ventilation Losses

24 h Storage Capacity30 m3

U-Value ~0.15 W/(m² K)

76% Reduction of transmission11% Reduction of infiltration loss

moisture barrier2 x 120 mm flax insulation boards / wooden studs26 mm wooden panel

The energy performance of the buildings is extensively improved, as part of the form factor improvement the apartments get large glazed balconies combining new apartment qualities with energy savings.

With the new corner buildings the neighbourhood gets several new common spaces as well as new inviting laundry and recycling rooms. Promoting sustainability and health the neighbourhood gets a lift in bicycle friendliness including new open indoor bike storage in the entrances.

In addition to the corner apartments the seven storey buildings get an extra floor with large new apartments, just as the common balconies on this floor they have one of the best views in the city.

GLAZED BALCONIESOld balconies are enclosed for more qualitative apartment space and energy reduction

COMMON SPACESNew corner buildings contain common areas that facilitate spare time activities on site

BICYCLINGNew bicycle storage in the open entrances promote a healthier and more sustainable lifestyle

PHOTOVOLTAICSRoof and wall PV:s in key locations help produce electricity and gives a sustainable character to the neigbourhood

COMPOSTHandling of compostable waste produces both hot water and fertile soil for the urban farming

Hot Water 2.2

Space Heating 6.8

ElectricalGrid 3.0

Heat PumpPhotovoltaics 0.1   

6.6 Compost0.2

Underground Preheating 1.2

BuildingElectricity 1.8

Solar Gains 0.8

Ventilation Heat Recovery

JANUARI

Heat Pump

Photovoltaics 0.4   

2.3Compost0.2

Hot Water 2.2

Space Heating 5.4

BuildingElectricity 1.8

ElectricalGrid 1.86

Solar Gains 3.5

Ventilation Heat Recovery

APRIL

Heat PumpPhotovoltaics 0.5  

ElectricalGrid 1.67

2.0  

Compost0.2

Hot Water 2.2 Underground Cooling 2.24

Overheating 0.86

Space Heating 2.7

BuildingElectricity 1.8

Solar Gains 4.6

Ventilation Heat Recovery

JUNE

In the summer the photovoltaics covers the heat pump’s electricity need. It can run during the day and the hot water can be stored over night. The underground ventilation cools dow the air, reducing overheating.

During the winter most of the electricity needs to be bought from the grid. The underground ducts preheats the air, reducing the need to run the heat pump.

Some electricity needs to be added from the grid to run the heat pump during spring and autumn, but the majority of heating is gained from the sun. The underground ventilation does not impact the heat balance considerably.

VENTILATION AND HEATING

50

50

100

150

[kWh/(year m²)]

LOSSESGAINS

Ventilation 29.9

Ventilation 19.5 -35%

-51%

-68%-25%

+14%

Windows/ Doors 29.5

Windows/ Doors 14.4

Envelope 39.4

Envelope 12.7Building

Electricity 16.0Building

Electricity 16.0

Hot Water 35.0Hot Water 26.0

Internal Gains 11.5 Internal Gains 11.5

Solar Gains 14.1 Solar Gains 16.1

Photovoltaics 3.5

73.2 Bought

16.0 Bought

35.0 Bought

21.4 Bought

124.3Bought

97.9

21.4Bought

+34% -82%

Heat Pump 19.0

Heat Pump 23.6

Heat Pump 8.9

Compost 2.4

SPACE HEATINGBefore/After

HOT WATERBefore/After

ELECTRICITYBefore/After

NET ENERGY USEBefore/After

150.0

25.7

77.8

COMPOSTEnergy Production 2.4 kWh/(m² year)600 m² yearly

Jean Pain Method compost heat recovery.Organic waste is put in containers lined withaeration tubes and water pipes running through.The process takes 6-12 months and reachestemperatures of 60°C.The resulting product can be used for gardeningin the area.

PHOTOVOLTAICSEnergy Production 3.5 kWh/(m² year)1000 m² vertical / 500 m² 30°

The vertical photovoltaics are optimised to produce electricity during winter when they are need the most. The tilted ones are set to produce as much as possible over the entire year.

CO2-EMISSIONSBefore/After [kg/(m² year)]

9940

1870

-81%

STEP-BY-STEP RENOVATIONTo allow the tenants to stay in their appartments as long as possible, construction work restricted to the exterior for the majority of the time.

In the first phase of the renovation, the old brick façade is torn down to make place for insulation.

When the bricks are removed, a new vertical shaft is added outside the balconies. These are used for air inlet and new piping.

Outside the ducts and the concrete walls, a new building envelope is added, the balcony floor is extended and radiators are installed in the walls.

After the new envelope is in place, the tenants move out for a shorter period of time while the old balcony wall is removed.

When the renovation is complete, the apartments has been extended

FLOOR PLAN 1:200

Laundry

Bicycle Storage

Recycling Common Space

Accumulator Tank