International Conference on Informatics for Development 2011 (!CID 2011)

Subsidized Fuel Consumption Monitoring System

. Mujio,~~ ,r-

Infonnatic Department, Facult~omputer Science,

University ofMercu Buana,

Jakarta, Indonesia

mujiono.sadikin@gmail.com

bst t - Subsidized fuel is one of the major subsidized

components in the yearly Indonesian government spending. It is

important to make sure that the targeted consumers are the ones

who are using this fuel. The first step to achieve this goal is

collecting data about who consumes this fuel. This paper

describes the development of a device prototype that integrates

smart card, EDC terminal, and microcontroller, to identify

vehicles that consume subsidized fuels. We integrate and connect

the device prototype with other infrastructure, such as personal

computer server, gas station dispenser, and data communication

line. As a whole, the system prototype will help decision maker to

assist them in planning, monitoring, and controlling subsidized

fuel allocation and consumption by providing accurate fuel

consumption data. "Ye use system development method

introduced by Burstein and Gregor Ill. The research shows that

the system prototype can assist in capturing vehicle's identities

and its subsidized fuel transaction. With some modifications and

improvements, this system prototype can assist in monitoring

subsidized fuel consumption, planning its allocation, and

controlling its consumption. .

s onito g te , ubsidi d el C ,

EDC e l, Dispense , G s on

1. . INTRODUCTION

Fuel subsidized is one of major subsidized components in

Indonesian Government Yearly Budget (APBN). The value of

this component always increases from year to year according

to the increase of world crude oil prices. It is a common

phenomenon that the actual subsidized fuel is always more

than its budgeted account. Unfortunately, there are indications

that many of the consumptions are done by sectors which are

prohibited to use the fuel. The Minister of Finance stated in

"detik.com" on November 25, 20 I0 that there are 475

thousands liters of subsidized fuel was smuggled over the sea

to neighboring countries. Other indications are stated in

"Harian Kompas" on May 24, 20 I I. The newspaper wrote that

non-subsidized fuel consumption, such as e t and

e , had decreased significantly in the early year of

2011. The decrease of non-subsidized fuel consumption was

an indication that- 'the consumer had switched from non-

subsidized fuel to subsidized one.

So far, none of the indications and assumptions of

misallocation of subsidized fuel were supported by valid data

and inform~tion. It is not known exactly whether the

consumers of subsidized fuel are the targeted consumers or

not. To capture data and information of subsidized fuels

consumer profiles, certain mechanism and system has to be

ISSN:2088-5520

Anis Cherid ~:?-:.<'"'_ ., ll.l.»y"",,,,-,~Informatic Department, Faculty of Computer SGiei1G~:~'~~j

University ofMercu Buana, . '4

Jakarta, Indonesia

cheridanis@gmail.com

used and operated. This research is meant to build a device

prototype to capture data and monitor the profile of subsidized

fuel consumptions. The device prototype is then integrated

with specific software and hardware infrastucture such as

EDC (Electronic Data Capturing) Terminal, Smart 'Card,

microcontroller, and Personal Computer server to capture

vehicle data and their transactions of subsidized fuel in

selected gas station.

. le te ent

In this research, we are trying to answer the following

problems:

1. How to provide a system prototype that is able to

monitor any vehicle which consume subsidized fuel

for land transportation sector so it can be guaranteed

that the land transportation sector subsidized fuel

allocation is used by the right target

2. How to integrate somes devices/tools that consist of

software and hardware such as Smart Card, EDC

Terminal, microcontroller, and gas station dispenser to

build a fuel consumption monitoring system.

3. How to design and develop a Smart Card system that

can be used to store and identify vehicle data and its

consumption as a preparation mechanism to anticipate

the implementation of consumption quota limitation.

4. How to consolidate vehicle data profile in Smart Card

system and fuel transaction data in gas station

dispenser become vehicle fuel consumption data

transaction.

. How to implement data communication model to

facilitate the transmission of transaction data from

dispenser area to PC Server in office area, which is

allowed by the standard and regulation of gas station

operation.

. e cope

This scope of this research is limited to:

1. This system will only handle subsidized fuel

consumption in land transportation sector.

2. Microcontroller and dispenser system are as black

boxes for this system prototype. The system prototype

. <:Js only concerned with data transmission by both of

the subsystems.

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*tntrernatlonal Conference on Informatics for Development 2011 (lCID 2011-f

3. The usage of this ystem prototype is only limited to

one gas station dispen er at one time and is not

integrated yet for two or more gas stations.

C. r ene its .~1>

The main purpose of tH s 'research are described as

follows:

• To (ievelop a system prototype and mechanism to

capture' consumer' and subsidized fuel consumed III

land transportation sector.

• To develop a device prototype which will be able to

assist in monitoring and controlling subs{dized fuel

consumption. \

• To develop a system prototype which will be possible

to be improved so it can be used to assist in decision

making of planning, evaluating, and controlling

subsidized fuel allocation.

Benefits that can be achieved trough this research are:

• Availability of a system prototype that can be used as

a basic system to improve a monitoring and

controlling system of subsidized fuel consumption and

consumer profiles.

• Availabilty of valid data and information related

subsidized fuel consumer and consumption that can be

used to support decision making process.

n. PROBLEM ANAL YSYS

SO far the.methodology which is used to plan subsidized

fuel allocaton in land transportation sector is only based on

percentage increase prediction of last year consumption. This

basic method is taken because Indonesia Government has not

had valid' and detailed data of the fuel consumption. This

prediction is not accurate because the last year consumption

cannot be guaranteed to be real consumption for land

transportation sector.

In reality, almost all vehicles (fuel consumers) data has

been recorded and identified. The data is good enough to

become a basic input for a particular system that can be used

to support decision making in planning, allocating, and

monitoring subsidized fuel consumption. The vehicles data

that is recorded on Vehicle Number ldehtity (Surat Tanda

Nomor KendaraanlSTNK) is ready to be used to identify the

type of vehicles, function.Tcylinder capacity, or production

year. These identities can be used as basic data in planning

and allocation of fu~4 consumption for land transportation

sector. At the same time, almost all of dispensers in gas

stations had ?~ready operated digital equipment for their

nozzle or dispenser infrastructures. The digital capability of

the device, make it possible to integrate the device with the

vehicles lata in STNK and fuel transaction data from

dispenser's gas station to provide valid fuel and vehicle"

transactien .data. Combined with tailor-made' application

software- ailS data communication infrastructure, it possible to

ISSN:2088-5520

provide specific information that is needed to support

subsidized fuel management purposes.

There are some technology infrastructures that can be.

used to record, capture, and manipulate both vehicle data and

fuels consumption data. Some of the devices.jare EDC

(Electronic Data Capturing) Terminal, Smart Cai'~.'B~~ode

and Bar Code Reader, Industrial PC, and Mic:Cif C'oift?f5;f~

EDC and Bar Code reader are can be used to capture data that

was stored in Smart Card and bar code sticker.281 Industrial

PC and Microcontroller can be used to capture the data '

attributes of fuel consumed. In this research it is described the

usage of Smart Card, EDC Terminal and Microcontroller to

develop the system prototype.

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Some frameworks and methodologies can be used in

system development research. The compatibility of

methodology being used depends on its environments,

organization, or event technology availabilities. This research

uses frameworks and methodology that introduced by Burstein

and Gregor [I]. This methodology is considered compatible.::;

with the research project characteristics that must consider

practical requirement, implementation environment

conditions, and availability of technology in industries.

The methodology is summarized in Figure 1. Burstein and 11

Gregor [1] proposed that any output of research action is ,!~!

always correlated to knowledge development or knowledge 1\invention of the system, while at the same time, it can be usedj

to modify the system. The process of actions and reactions ~

continues iteratively. For analysis and design purposes, this '"

research uses UMLmodel explained by Alan Dennis et a!. [6] ~

Figure I System Development Methodology

IV. TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS

Smart card, also known as chip card or integrated circuits

card (ICC), is as a wallet-sized card with electronic circuits

within it. There are two kinds of ICCs, memory card and

microprocessor card. Memory card consists of only non-

'v\?lq,file memory storage and sometimes there is securi .•.

system within it. Microprocessor card consists of memory and

microprocessor component [2]. Smart card is also known as a

credit-card-sized microprocessor with various properties

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International Conference on Informatics for Development 2011 (ICIO 2011)

as tamper resistant, secure crypto-processor, secure file

system, and other features that can be understand by non-

technical person. It also provides security services (secret

information in its memory).

A smart card-Iooks like it car~ but it has some

computing abiliaes. Smart car . 'ifferent with a common

magnetic strip card, when it comes to data storing and

processing. A Smart Card may has the capability to store data,

processing it, to manage file, to calculate data, and to execute

encryption algonthm.

C ion ec

Smart Card has the capability to communicate with a

reader or receiver device with two modalities, which are [2]:

• Cont c . Connection are provided when a

reader make physical contact with a gold like chip

with inch diameter located in front of the card.

Connection is also can be provided between card

reader and a magnetic strip in the back of card. When

a card is swiped or contact with a Smart Card reader,

the connection with card reader electrical connector

will caused data transfer from chips to card reader and

vise versa.

ctless s c . Communication is made

through-antenna. This communication modality will

decrease processing time in card reading / writing.

Contactless card can be used for any applications that

is not practical to swipe or contact to read or for any

application which speed is a major constraint.

•

In this research, Contactless Smart Card is used. Speed

operation, limited time constraint, and efficiency are the main

constraints of any operating system in Gas Station area.

C. EDC I

EDC (Electronic Data Capture) Terminal is an electronic

device that is usually used in business sector to process

purchasing or payment transaction with credit card or debit

card. EDC terminal is typically operated with or combined

with other devices such: computers, bar code reader, optical

scanner, and magnetic cards readers. Users operate those

devices by swiping or contacting credit or debit card and the

data directly transferred to pojnt of sales application. Some

EDC terminals capture and store buyer data to be processed in

central computer.

The main functions of an EDC terminal are:

• To read card data

• To displaythis card data or other information related

such creditbalance or debit balance

• To transmit those data to data management computer

serves-

ISSN:2088-5520

.\:

v.A ALYSIS ANODESIGIN

Conside tion Const nt

The smart card and the EDC terminal 'operate in gas

stations. The stations certainly have specified' st~aq;!~d

procedure regarding safety and or security. To be41~a~t;iM~At~t

the behavior of users in the gas stations, the process of using' J

the smart card has to be done as quickly as possible and there

should be no perceived additional workload for the dispenser

operator. The use of smart card must also be done in ease.

Based on those considerations, the data attributes, which will

be read from the smart card by the EDC terminal, must be as

simple as possible. It is also assumed that all of the vehicles

data are already in digital format. Therefore, there is no need

to entry those data manually into the system. The data source

is formal institutions or authorities, in this case is SAMSA T.

Consumers of subsidized fuels also include motorcycle

owners who typically do transactions quickly. The additional

operation of using the EDC terminal must consume as little

time as possible. The additional operation can be allowed if it

does not disturb the dispenser operator workload significantly,

especially the workload of the motorcycle dispenser operator.

In accordance to gas station standard and procedure in

safety and security, it is not allowed to operate any electronic

device which produces any electromagnetic signal. In

accordance to this standard, it is not allowed to operate

wireless devices as data communication medium.

Operation time of a gas station is 12 hours a day at

minimum and many gas stations operate up to 24 hours a day.

Therefore, any device that is used to serve this operation,

including the EDC Terminal, must conform to the workload.

The EDC terminal being used must be qualified as good

quality device conceming its endurance without any decrease

in performances.

. t - EDC e Op tion ion

Every vehicle user (driver) who will do transaction in a gas

station to use subsidized fuel has to bring a smart card. The

smart card contains his or her vehicle identity data. The

dispenser operator takes the card and touches it to the EDC

terminal as card reader. The EDC terminal reads this data and

displays it in the device display. After the operator has

finished filling the vehicle fuel tank with subsidized fuel, the

dispenser sends this fuel data such as the kind of fuel, the fuel

volume, and the date and time of transaction to the personal

computer (PC). The PC then sends the data back to the EDC

terminal that is ready to receive those data. The EDC terminal

displays the vehicle data and the purchased fuel data. The

dispenser operator confirms the pair of data and finally the

EDC terminal sends the transaction data to the PC, which will

manipulate and manage them to build any needed reports.

Based on the narrative requirement, consideration, and

~ constraint described before, infrastructure configuration of this

sy~te1n~rototype is depicted in Figure 2.

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~?tIntfernational Conference on Informatics for Development 2011 (lCID 201i)

D. Di

There are four main classes in the system. Vehicle Data,

Fuel, and Transaction are stored and managed in PC, while

Police No is stored in Smart Card subsystem.

EDC SmartCard

Gas Station Dispenser

PEC

Figure 2 Infrastructure Configuration

C. Use

Figure 3 depicts the Use Case Diagram of the narrative

process stated before. System actors consist of:

1. Actor : Dispenser Operators

Type : User

Association : To use the system

2. Actor :Gas station computer administrator

Type : User

Association : To use the system

3. Actor : «Actor» Dispenser

type : External System

Association : sends subsidized fuel data

Vehh:;(.e CQI1$ume

Fp~1

Monitoring

../-~~ ...~.-~"-,( Card R.eader ;'1-' --+---i

'''''--~.,...,.....----./

«Actor»

Sm<lrtCard

-. I'" J Figure 3 Use Case Diagram

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WhicleDam

-No Mobi! : char-Nama : char

No STNK

-AI<lrnat-Tahun Pembuatan,Merek

-TypeCC

+$endNoMoDil(j

\

1 \

-No P.'\obll : char

<-&mdNoMobiIO

figure 4 Class Diagram

E.

Activity diagram of the system op-ration is depicted III

Figure 5.

Figure 5 Activity Diagram

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VI. IMPLEMENTATITN AND ITS OUTPUT ANALYSIS

r; e e Design

. The system architecture diagram is provided based on

;onsideration and constraint desw,b,e:p before. The design is

ilso based on thli result of slt.ervatlcfn and previous

'elated research in this area. The system infrastructure can be

jescribed as follow:

l. The EDC terminal that is used to read v.ehicles data from

smart card is using c ctless communication mode. We

make this decision to speed up card reading processes.

~. We choose UTP cable communication media and TCPIIP

communication protocol. We make this decision to

minimize the electromagnetic interference that might be

resulted from a wireless communication media and

protocol.

Dale Display

I Data ~.' 'I ....oI"-J D.12Rec"'"e," ~o.;;';;'~-II Manlpul;:moo ~/l &mdft( f~ ... ~

Figure 6 Architecture Diagram

G. Deplo ent

The main components of this system prototype are stored

in two nodes, which are the EDC terminal and the personal

computer server (PC). Some of those components are

interacting within the system and there is an interaction with

3I1 external systernIgas station dispenser). Figure 7 depicts the

deployment diagram.

''':i~ :;~ .; - ~ , '<."'::--'<,-':- v;;'f¥T~'T?r7t:?;~-T~:;:-

IEOC T ~(nirlrtl

Y To-Pf.. Trceseceoo 03,a sancer' - - - - -- -- _. 1

o :1

Fn:.-m-PC-FuOIT!dM<:icr~opR~I,.'t!r ,,-, I

11

1

-

r:~:::;;""'i@j

Figure 7 Deployment Diagram

ISSN:2088-5520

. I e e ion eci c

We have implemented the system prototype with the below

mentioned specification. ;K'ef "-';~.>I.

The specifications of the smart card that is usedlo ~t9.L9i;~~~"vehicles data are: ',m,;':

Phillips Mifare RFID 4 KB EPROM

Chips: Phillips Mifarel S50 - S70

Frequency: 13.56MHz

Reading distance: 2.5-10cm

Response Speed: 1-2 ms

Dimension: 87 * 54/as * 85,5Standard IS014443A

Processor: 32-bits microprocessor

The specifications of the EDC terminal device (Castle

V7000) are:

Processor: 32-bits microprocessor

Memory: 4 Mbytes of Flash, 1 M Byte of SRAM

(expandable to 8 Mbytes of Flash, 2 Mbytes of

SRAM)

Display: 128x64 graphic LCD with backlight

Smart Card Reader: ISO 78161-2-3, EMV 2000 Level

1 4.0 certified

Contactless Card Reader: Built-in contactless reader,

Mifare standards reader, support ISO 14443 Type AlB

(optional)

Communication: Ethernet: 101100 Ethernet

The specifications of the personal computer are:

• Processor lntel Pentium IV 2,4 GHz

• Memory 2 GB

• HD 320 GB

• TCP/IP Ethernet 101100

The specifications of the software platform are:

• Operating System: MicrosoftWindows XP

• DBMS: MySQL for Windows.

II

I

IThe specifications of the dispenser are:

• Gilbarco PEC, microcontroller with converter

. Output n l is

One of the implementation results samples in EDC

terminal display is depicted in Figure 8. The figure shows the

display of the terminal after a smart card contacts the EDC

terminal. The EDC terminal is displaying a vehicle data and is

still waiting for fuel transaction data.

f

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REFERENCES

l"i-'-~

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International Conference on Informatics for Development 2011 (!CID zon:

for several long hours in several working days. Prelil1liria

investigation for this problem concludes that the EDC tenn7

being used is not designed for outdoor operation.

Figure 8 Ouput Result on EDC Castle V 7000 EDC Terminal

Soon after the EDC module receives subsidized fuel

transaction data, the dispenser operator will give confirmation

so the terminal sends the vehicle and fuel transaction data to

PC through the UTP cable. Figure 9 shows the screen capture

of transactions data in a PC that is located in the office area of

the gas station.

lftlrtli * ~~ ,n",,'rlo S1 .~ ~.q .,li~_~~

.~[~4~7itK~~;;;;~ 7;r:i:~;§;.ll4'WT.n ~~~";? ~4,~1 l<tI;.""ft ~,."<~.~1~t!IIo.::Itt'c~'.$. ~r l ~~ .:e:...ta""~I""'"';!('t<;t,,*"~-, ~.",,*,jl ~

Y:<t.wt(;I ~

~~j.~~~(>I ,.,~ ••• '"

~"':>I ~_

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Figure 9 Screen Capture of Implementation Results for Transaction

Managament

C. e en on esults

The system prototype has been tested ill some gas stations

in Batam Island, Indonesia. The system runs well enough in

serving transaction for cars. The time interval between one car

transaction and the next car transaction is long enough for the

data communication bet\yeen the dispensers - PC - EDC

Terminals - Pc. Nevertheless, for motorcycle transactions, the

interval is very short. It is reported that there are many cases

of uncompleted tfata communications for motorcycle

transactions. As stated before in constraint and consideration

section, any F~dditional system and procedures to the gas

station operation is not allowed to disturb its service to the

custome~: The current results suggest an improvement to the

system "design and implementation, so it can handle the

motorc~Cle transaction better.

In ~Cu.?rgas stations that operate 24 hours a day, it is found

that the EDC terminal is not working properly. Some of the

EDC terminals cannot start up its system well after operates")

ISSN:2088-5520

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