test review - periodicity

8/8/2019 Test Review - Periodicity

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Jin Ho Park (Class of 2012)

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1

PERIODICITY

1. Periodic Table – historical approach

1718 – Organized atoms with properties

1789 – French revolution

H20 – before diagram

1869 Mandalay

- Tried to leave space for atoms that he couldn’t found

Put ‘?’ for ones that were wrongly measured

2. Periodic Law

3. Regions of P.T. – groups, periods, blocks

Period - # of shells/ energy levels

Group - # of valence electron

Block – What kind of outer shell



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4. Change in character and properties of elements across the P.T.

Metals

- LEFT of Metalloids

- Solid (expt. Hg)

- Good conductor of electricity & heat

- Shiny, Silver (except. Au, Cu)

- Malleable

- Ductile

- High melting and boiling point

- Insoluble (some react)

Metalloids

- Between metal & non-metals

- Solids

- Semi-conductors

- Like metal

- Weak conductive

- High ductile

- Insoluble (may heat)

Non-metals

- RIGHT of metalloids

- All states possible

- Not conducts

- Insulator (expt. Graphite (pure carbon))

- Shiny, Silvery?? (no)

- Brittle

- Insoluble (may react)

Noble gases

- Nonmetals

- does not form an ion (except helium)



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- stable

- colorless

5. General description of P.T. groups (physical & chemical properties)

1) Alkaline metals

- Forms 1+ ion

- Metals

- Very reactive

- Soft, silvery, shiny, low density

2) Alkaline-earth metals

- Forms 2+ ion

- Metals

- Very reactive but less than alkali metals

- Silvery, higher density than alkali metals

3) – 12) Transition metals

- Forms 2+ ion

- Metals

- Less reactive than alkaline-earth metals



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- Silvery, good conductor of thermal energy and electric current, higher densities and melting points

than alkaline earth metals

13) – 16) Metals, metalloids, non-metals

-

17) Halogens

- Nonmetals

- Forms 1- ion

- Poor conductors of electric current

- Reactions with alkali metals18) Noble gases

- Nonmetals

- does not form an ion (except helium)

- stable

- colorless

?) Hydrogen

- Nonmetals

- Group 1

- Reactive

- Colorless



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6. Periodic trends along periods and groups

Atomic radius

- Decrease across a period and increase down a group

Ionisation energy

- Increase across a period and decrease down a group

test review - periodicity

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