The Great War The Great War and Its and Its Aftermath Aftermath (1914-1930)(1914-1930)The learner will analyze U.S. The learner will analyze U.S. involvement in World War I and involvement in World War I and the war’s influence on the war’s influence on international affairsinternational affairs

From Neutrality to WarFrom Neutrality to War Causes of WWICauses of WWI

MilitarismMilitarism Major powers were competing in an arms race, Major powers were competing in an arms race,

Britain and Germany had the biggest race. This Britain and Germany had the biggest race. This made nations eager to use military force.made nations eager to use military force.

AlliancesAlliances Europe was made up of a system of alliances.Europe was made up of a system of alliances.

Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy)Italy)

Triple Entente (Great Britain, France, Russia)Triple Entente (Great Britain, France, Russia) ImperialismImperialism

European powers competed for land in Africa, European powers competed for land in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean.

NationalismNationalism Aggressive nationalism caused tension across Aggressive nationalism caused tension across

Europe. France was still bitter about being Europe. France was still bitter about being defeated by Germany in 1871 and losing the defeated by Germany in 1871 and losing the territory Alsace-Lorraine. territory Alsace-Lorraine.

From Neutrality to WarFrom Neutrality to War President Wilson urges President Wilson urges neutralityneutrality

Divided American loyaltiesDivided American loyalties Isolationists- Isolationists- believed war in Europe was believed war in Europe was

not U.S.’s business.not U.S.’s business. Interventionists- Interventionists- believed that war did believed that war did

affect American interests and that the U.S. affect American interests and that the U.S. should join the Allied powersshould join the Allied powers..

Internationalists- Internationalists- in the middle, believed in the middle, believed that the U.S. should play an active role in that the U.S. should play an active role in world affairs and work toward achieving a world affairs and work toward achieving a just peace but not enter the war.just peace but not enter the war.

From Neutrality to WarFrom Neutrality to War

Neutrality gives way to war 3 reasons:Neutrality gives way to war 3 reasons:1.1. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare-Unrestricted Submarine Warfare- Germany Germany

began attacking Allied ships by using U-boats.began attacking Allied ships by using U-boats.2.2. Sinking of the Lusitania-Sinking of the Lusitania- The Germans sunk The Germans sunk

a large ocean liner, killing American citizens.a large ocean liner, killing American citizens.3.3. Zimmerman note-Zimmerman note- the British intercepted a the British intercepted a

message from Arthur Zimmerman, the German message from Arthur Zimmerman, the German foreign minister, to his ambassador in Mexico.foreign minister, to his ambassador in Mexico.Zimmerman asked for Mexico to ally with the Zimmerman asked for Mexico to ally with the central powers and promised that in return central powers and promised that in return Germany would help Mexico conquer Germany would help Mexico conquer territories lost to the U.S.territories lost to the U.S.

The Home FrontThe Home Front America MobilizesAmerica Mobilizes

The U.S. was only a fraction of the size of The U.S. was only a fraction of the size of European armies. President Wilson European armies. President Wilson encouraged americans to volunteer.encouraged americans to volunteer.

The The Selective Service ActSelective Service Act was passed was passed by congress in May 1917, authorizing a by congress in May 1917, authorizing a draft of young men for military service.draft of young men for military service. 24 million registered throughout the course of 24 million registered throughout the course of

the warthe war 2.8 million were drafted2.8 million were drafted Total number of enlisted 4.8 million, 4 million Total number of enlisted 4.8 million, 4 million

helped the allied power in France.helped the allied power in France.

The Home FrontThe Home Front War Industries Board (WIB)War Industries Board (WIB)

Headed by Bernard M. BaruchHeaded by Bernard M. Baruch Determined what products industries made, Determined what products industries made,

where products went, and much they would where products went, and much they would cost.cost. Free enterprise was stopped in order to effecivly Free enterprise was stopped in order to effecivly

supply the need for war materials. Americans realized supply the need for war materials. Americans realized that they had to work together in order to beat the that they had to work together in order to beat the central powers. central powers.

Food AdministrationFood Administration Herbert Hoover set high prices for wheat to Herbert Hoover set high prices for wheat to

encourage wheat farmers to produce more.encourage wheat farmers to produce more. Encouraged Americans to conserve food Encouraged Americans to conserve food

Wheatless Mondays and Wednesdays, meatless Wheatless Mondays and Wednesdays, meatless Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays.Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays.

The Home FrontThe Home Front Committee of Public Information Committee of Public Information

(CPI) (CPI) Educated the public about causes and Educated the public about causes and

nature of the war.nature of the war. Director was George CreelDirector was George Creel 75 million pamphlets75 million pamphlets 6,000 press releases6,000 press releases Millions of propaganda posters Millions of propaganda posters

The Home FrontThe Home Front Opposition and ConsequencesOpposition and Consequences

German Americans and Irish Americans German Americans and Irish Americans tended to oppose the Allied powers.tended to oppose the Allied powers. Some people were prejudice towards Some people were prejudice towards

German AmericansGerman Americans

Resistance to the DraftResistance to the Draft 12% of men that received draft notices, 12% of men that received draft notices,

did not respond.did not respond. Conscientious objectorsConscientious objectors, people , people

whose moral or religious beliefs forbid whose moral or religious beliefs forbid them to fight in wars.them to fight in wars.

The Home FrontThe Home Front

The Espionage Act, The Espionage Act, June 17, 1917June 17, 1917 Allowed postal authorities to ban treasonable Allowed postal authorities to ban treasonable

or seditious newspapers, magazines, or or seditious newspapers, magazines, or printed materials from the mail. printed materials from the mail.

Anyone found obstructing recruiters, aiding Anyone found obstructing recruiters, aiding the enemy, or generally interfering with the the enemy, or generally interfering with the war effort could be punished ($10,000 or up war effort could be punished ($10,000 or up to 20 years in prison). to 20 years in prison).

The Home FrontThe Home Front

Women embraced new Women embraced new opportunitiesopportunities Factories, railroads, Factories, railroads,

telegraph operators, telegraph operators, trolley conductors, etc. All trolley conductors, etc. All jobs that previously were jobs that previously were occupied by only men. occupied by only men.

Some joined the Red Some joined the Red Cross, The American Cross, The American Women’s HospitalWomen’s Hospital

The Home FrontThe Home Front African Americans seek new opportunitiesAfrican Americans seek new opportunities

Thousands of men either enlisted or were drafted. Thousands of men either enlisted or were drafted. They fought in segregated units under white They fought in segregated units under white officers.officers.

The The Great Migration Great Migration was a movement to “the land was a movement to “the land of hope,” as many referred to the North at that of hope,” as many referred to the North at that time. 1910-1920, 1.2 million African Americans time. 1910-1920, 1.2 million African Americans moved north moved north 1.1. Hoped to escape the violence and racism in the Hoped to escape the violence and racism in the

southsouth2.2. Desired better jobs, economic advancementDesired better jobs, economic advancement3.3. Better life for their childrenBetter life for their children

Mexican Americans move northMexican Americans move north Many Mexicans faced violence and poverty, and Many Mexicans faced violence and poverty, and

they wanted better lives for themselves and their they wanted better lives for themselves and their children.children. An increase in demands for food, and a decrease in An increase in demands for food, and a decrease in

American farmers created jobs for migrants.American farmers created jobs for migrants. Some of the work was seasonalSome of the work was seasonal

Wilson, War, and PeaceWilson, War, and Peace

Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution Military defeats, hunger, and chaos Military defeats, hunger, and chaos

arose within Russia. Communist leader, arose within Russia. Communist leader,