THE HUMAN BODY CHAPTER ONE BODY ORGANIZATION Tissue Organs Organ Systems Cells CELLS CELLS HAVE STRUCTURE CELL MEMBRANE-OUTER BORDER OF CELL NUCLEUS-DIRECTS CELLS ACTIVITIES CYTOPLASM- CLEAR JELLY LIKE SUBSTANCE THAT CONTAINS MANY CELL STRUCTURES CELLS HAVE FUNCTION CELLS CARRY ON THE PROCESSES THAT KEEP ORGANISMS ALIVE. CELLS GROW, REPRODUCE, AND GET RID OF THE WASTE PRODUCTS. A BASIC UNIT OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN A LIVING THING TISSUE GROUP OF SIMILAR CELLS THAT PERFORM THE SAME FUNCTION MUSCLE TISSUE CAN CONTRACT, OR SHORTEN WHICH MAKES PARTS OF YOUR BODY MOVE NERVOUS TISSUE DIRECTS AND CONTROLS THE PROCESSES OF ALL OTHER TISSUES BY CARRYING MESSAGES BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN BRAIN AND OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROVIDES SUPPORT FOR YOUR BODY AND CONNECTS ALL ITS PARTS. EXAMPLES ARE BONE TISSUE AND FAT TISSUE EPITHELIAL TISSUE COVERS THE SURFACES OF YOUR BODY, INSIDE AND OUT. SKIN, LINING OF YOUR ORGANS ORGANS ORGAN IS A STRUCTURE MADE UP OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF TISSUE THAT PERFORMS A SPECIFIC JOB. THE JOB IS MORE COMPLEX THAN THAT OF A TISSUE. FOR EXAMPLE THE HEART IS AN ORGAN MAKE UP OF MUSCLE, CONNECTIVE AND EPITHELIAL TISSUE. EACH TISSUE CONTRIBUTES DIFFERENTLY TO THE ORGANS JOB. ORGAN SYSTEMS SKELETAL SYSTEM INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM MUSCULAR SYSTEM CIRCULATORY SYSTEM RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DIGESTIVE SYSTEM EXCRETORY SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM ENDOCRINE SYSTEM REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM WHICH BODY SYSTEMS DO YOU THINK ARE WORKING TOGETHER TO ENABLE THE PERFORMER TO DO THIS FEAT? WHICH SYSTEM IS MOST RESPONSIBLE FOR THE STRENGTH IS TAKES TO DO THE SOMERSAULTS? WHICH SYSTEM COORDINATES ALL THE SYSTEMS INVOLVED IN THE ACTION? LESSON 2 SYSTEM INTERACTIONS OBJECTIVES: 1.HOW DO YOU MOVE? 2.WHAT SYSTEMS MOVE MATERIAL IN YOUR BODY? 3. WHICH SYSTEMS CONTROL BODY FUNCTION? SKELETON SKELETAL MUSCLE JOINT NUTRIENT ABSORPTION GLAND STIMULUS RESPONSE HORMONE HOW DO YOU MOVE? MUSCLES AND BONES BONES AND JOINTS WORK TOGETHER, MAKING YOUR BODY MOVE. SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE ATTACHED TO THE BONES OF YOUR SKELETON AND PROVIDE THE FORCE THAT MOVES YOUR BONES. MUSCLES CONTRACT AND RELAX, SHORTENS AND PULLS ON BONES. A JOINT IS A PLACE IN THE BODY WHERE TWO BONES COME TOGETHER. MUSCLES MAKE BONES MOVE AT THEIR JOINTS. MUSCLE MOVING BONE AT THE JOINTS NOTICE THE MUSCLES WORK IN PAIRS! TRICEP AND BICEP WORK TOGETHER TO BEND THE ARM. SKELETAL MUSCLES PULL ON THE BONES TO WHICH THEY ARE ATTACHED. WHICH SYSTEMS MOVE MATERIALS IN YOUR BODY? CIRCULATORY RESPIRATORY DIGESTIVE EXCRETORY PLAY KEY ROLES IN MOVING MATERIAL IN YOUR BODY What materials are essential to the survival of cells? Oxygen, water, food What are the materials that a cell must get rid of? Carbon Dioxide, other cell wastes What systems of the body move these materials to and from all the cells? CIRCULATORY SYSTEM HEART- ORGAN AND A MUSCLE BLOOD VESSELS- NETWORK OF TUBES IN THE HUMAN BODY MOVING BLOOD. IF UNRAVELED THEY WOULD ENCIRCLE THE EARTH MORE THAN 2X BLOOD- CARRIES MATERIALS THROUGHOUT YOUR BODY (WATER, OXYGEN FOOD) RESPIRATORY SYSTEM RESPIRATORY SYSTEM RESPONSIBLE FOR TAKING IN OXYGEN FOR THE BODY AND GETTING RID OF CARBON DIOXIDE WASTE. BREATHING IN AND OUT, 20,000X A DAY INVOLVES SEVERAL SYSTEMS. RESPIRATORY, NERVOUS, MUSCULAR DIGESTIVE SYSTEM GETTING FOOD AND NUTRIENTS TO YOUR BODY FOR ENERGY IN ORDER TO FULFILL CELL PROCESSES USES SEVERAL SYSTEMS. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TO TAKE IN AND PROCESS FOOD BY ABSORBING NUTRIENTS USING MUSCLES WHILE DIGESTING!! AND THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM TO DELIVER THE NUTRIENTS THROUGHOUT THE BODY EXCRETORY SYSTEM THIS SYSTEM ELIMINATES WASTE FROM YOUR BODY, BUT IT DOESNT WORK ALONE!!! RESPIRATORY, DIGESTIVE AND CIRCULATORY ALL HAVE ROLLS. BODY FUNCTIONS CONTROLLED BY NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM USES STIMULI TO MAKE A RESPONSE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM RELEASES CHEMICALS CALLED HORMONES TO AFFECT BODY PROCESSES. THE AMOUNT OF SUGAR WE HAVE IN OUR BLOOD, AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS. LESSON 3 HOMEOSTASIS OBJECTIVE: HOW DOES YOUR BODY STAY IN BALANCE? Vocabulary Homeostasis stress HOW DOES YOUR BODY STAY IN BALANCE? HOMEOSTASIS- THE CONDITION IN WHICH AN ORGANISMS INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT IS KEPT STABLE IN SPITE OF CHANGES IN THE OUTSIDE ENVIRONMENT ALL OF YOUR BODY SYSTEMS WORKING TOGETHER MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS AND KEEP THE BODY IN BALANCE. How does your body keep warm in the cold ? Nervous, circulatory and muscular systems work together. Putting on more clothes Increasing blood flow Keeping blood near important organs Shivering MAINTAINING HOMEOSTASIS 1. REGULATING TEMPERATURE- SHIVERING-YOUR NERVOUS SYSTEM MAKES YOU SHIVER WHICH PRODUCES HEAT. YOU STOP SHIVERING WHEN YOU WARM UP SWEATING- YOUR ENDOCRINE SYSTEM SENDS HORMONES THAT MAKE YOU PERSPIRE. THAT WATER ON SURFACE OF SKIN COOLS YOUR BODY 2. MAINTAINING WATER BALANCE- ALL CHEMICAL RXNS THAT KEEP US ALIVE INVOLVE WATER. IF YOUR BODY NEEDS WATER, YOU FEEL THIRSTY. IF YOU HAVE TOO MUCH WATER, I PASSES THROUGH YOUR EXCRETORY SYSTEM WHEN YOU EXHALE, SWEAT AND URINATE. MAINTAINING HOMEOSTASIS 3. KEEPING YOUR BALANCE- STRUCTURES IN YOUR INNER EAR SENSE THE POSITION OF YOUR HEAD. THEY SEND IT TO YOUR BRAIN WHICH SENSES IF YOU ARE LOSING YOUR BALANCE. IT THEN SENDS MESSAGES TO YOUR MUSCLES TO MOVE IN A WAY TO STEADY YOURSELF. 4. MEETING YOUR ENERGY NEEDS- IF YOUR BODY NEEDS MORE ENERGY, HORMONES FROM THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM SIGNAL THE NERVOUS SYSTEM TO MAKE YOU FEEL HUNGRY. AFTER YOU EAT, OTHER HORMONES TELL YOUR BRAIN TO MAKE YOU FEEL FULL.. MAINTAINING HOMEOSTASIS CONTINUED 5. RESPONDING TO STRESS- 6. FIGHTING DISEASE- WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ABILITY OF AN ORGANISM TO RESPOND TO STIMULI AND HOMEOSTASIS? OUR BODIES ABILITY TO RESPOND TO STIMULI KEEPS THE BODY FUNCTIONING WELL AND IMPROVES ITS CHANCE FOR SURVIVAL. HOMEOSTASIS IS THE ORGANISM RESPONDING TO STIMULI TO KEEP A STABLE INTERNAL BALANCE.