human body systems. levels of organization cells tissues organs organ systems
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Human Body Systems
Levels of OrganizationCells
TissuesOrgans
Organ Systems
Levels of Organization
Level of Organization
Examples
Cells Nerve cell, red blood cell
Tissues Epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle tissue
Organs Stomach, eye, liver, heart
Organ System Digestive, cardiovascular
Nervous System•Structures: brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, neurons•Functions:
• Sensory/Motor• Controls and regulates body’s functions• Communication system (relays info)
Integumentary System Skeletal System Muscular System Circulatory SystemNervous System
FUN FACT!
How many neurons in the brain?Human brain= 86 billionElephant = 23 billionChimpanzee = 7 billionCat = 1 billionMouse = 75 millionCockroach = 1 million
Integumentary System•Structures: skin, hair, nails, sweat & oil glands•Functions:
• Barrier from injury and infection
• Largest organ• Sensory neurons:
Integumentary System Skeletal System Muscular System Circulatory SystemNervous System
FUN FACT!The skin on your mouth is 200 times more sensitive than your fingertips.
Skeletal System•Structures: bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons
•Functions:• Support• Protection• Movement
Integumentary System Skeletal System Muscular System Circulatory SystemNervous System
FUN FACT!
The area of our body with the most bones is
the hand, fingers and wrist where there are
54 bones.
• Structures: Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
Integumentary System Skeletal System Muscular System Circulatory SystemNervous System
• Functions: • Voluntary
movement >Skeletal system
• Involuntary movement >Circulates blood >Moves food
Muscular System
FUN FACT!
• There are about 60 muscles in the face.
• Smiling is easier than frowning!
• It takes 20 muscles to smile and over 40 muscles to frown.
Circulatory System•Structures: heart, blood vessels, blood
•Functions:• Oxygen and nutrients• Fights infection• Removes cell waste
Integumentary System Skeletal System Muscular System Circulatory SystemNervous System
FUN FACT!
“Broken heart syndrome” (stress cardiomyopathy)•Feels like heart attack:
– chest pain– shortness of breath – arm aches.
•Emotionally stressful event
Respiratory System•Structures: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs•Functions:
• Provides O2 • Remove CO2 • Works with circulatory system
Digestive System Endocrine SystemExcretory System Reproductive SystemRespiratory System
Digestive System•Structures: Mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, small and large intestines, rectum
•Functions:• Take in, break down, absorb food• Food simpler molecules • Eliminates wastes
Digestive System Endocrine SystemExcretory System Reproductive SystemRespiratory System
FUN FACT!
The stomach secretes:a) hydrochloric acid
2 liters/dayb) mucus
new coat/2 weeks
Excretory System•Structures: Skin, lungs,
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra•Functions:
• Eliminate waste• Homeostasis
Digestive System Endocrine SystemExcretory System Reproductive SystemRespiratory System
FUN FACT!Kidney Stones
•Painful crystals•0.12in = block•Largest= 2.48 lbs (coconut)
Endocrine System•Structures: Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, testes•Functions:
• Uses chemicals (hormones)• Growth and development• Metabolism• Homeostasis• Internal & external stimuli
Digestive System Endocrine SystemExcretory System Reproductive SystemRespiratory System
Reproductive System•Structures: -Ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina -Testes, epididymis, vas
deferens, urethra, penis•Functions:
• Reproductive/sex cells (sperm and egg)
• Male/female sex characteristics• Nurtures and protects embryo
Digestive System Endocrine SystemExcretory System Reproductive SystemRespiratory System
Lymphatic/Immune System
•Structures: white blood cells, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels•Functions:
• Protects from disease• Fluid collection• B cells and T cells • Immune/Inflammatory
response• Antibody production
Lymphatic / Immune System
B cells – Bone marrow, make antibodiesT cells – Thymus, killer or helper T cells
Homeostasis• “Keeping things in balance”
• Internal conditions = constant external conditions = changing
Room temperature increases
Thermostat senses temperature change and switches on heating system
Thermostat senses temperature change and switches off heating system
Room temperature decreases
Examples of Feedback Inhibition
Can Olaf maintain homeostasis using feedback inhibition?
Reference A