hierarchy of organization cells → tissues → organs → organ systems → organism
TRANSCRIPT
Hierarchy of organization
Cells →Tissues → Organs → Organ
Systems → Organism
What is cell specialization?
• A less specialized cell (stem cell) becomes a specific cell.
• Ex: nerve cell
What are the difference in stem cells?
Embryonic Stem Cells• These are the stem cells
found in the embryo just after fertilization occurs.
• These stem cells undergo changes to become all the various cells in your body.
Adult Stem Cells• An undifferentiated cell,
found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ that can renew itself and yield some or all of the major specialized cell types of the tissue or organ
• Different than embryonic because it can only be a cell of that organ or tissue.
Practice
• What kind of cell in the human body might have a ton of mitochondria in it? ___________________
• What cellular structures might the enzyme-
producing cells in the pancreas contain a lot of? _____________________*Hint: What is an enzyme?
How is the structure of each cell related to its function?
Nerve cellSperm cellMuscle cellRed blood cell
What causes cell differentiation?
• All cells are controlled by ___?___• For each specific cell a different section of
DNA is turned on allowing it to be specific for its job.
Reflection
• What if a mutation caused the sperm cell and the red blood cell to change shapes? How would this affect the cells ability to do their job?
• What impact would this have on future cells they created?
How do cells communicate?
• What process takes place as you burn yourself?
• Nerve cell sends signals to muscle cells to move your hand away from the flame!
Sending and receiving signals
• Hormones: Chemical signal released by cell to send a message
• Receptor proteins: Proteins that receive chemical messages