the perception of psychosocial risks at work: the prima-ef survey among eu stakeholders rome, 5...
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The perception of psychosocial risks at work: the PRIMA-EF survey among EU
stakeholders Rome, 5 November 2008
Sergio Iavicoli
International Conference Psychosocial Risk Management at Work:
The European Framework
What is the psychosocial risk factors perception of OSH European stakeholders?
Epidemiological estimates and risk perception
Risk Perception
Risk
Factors influencing risk perception
Underestimating/Overestimating
capabilities
Familiarity – Complacency Severity of
consequences – Injury
Cost of compliance – Time & effort
Voluntary exposure – Risk taking
Controllable & understood Hazards
Social influence – Peer Pressure/Role models
Personal Experiences
Perception of psychosocial risk factors?
Perception of psychosocial risk factors in the scientific literature
Web of science
The effectiveness and needs related to regulations governing health and safety at work
Perception of work related stress and related outcomes
The role and effectiveness of dialogue and cooperation between the social partners especially on the basis of the recent ILO and EU initiatives
AIM
Survey timetable
April
2007
June July DecemberMay August Sept. October
Development of questionnaire
Pretesting phase
Implementation of on-line version
Dissemination of results
Nov. January
2008
Administration of questionnaire
Analysis data
Sample survey
NEW EU 27 COUNTRIESBulgariaCyprusCzech Republic EstoniaHungary LatviaMaltaPolandSlovenia
EU 15 COUNTRIESAustriaBelgiumDenmarkFinlandGermanyIrelandItalyThe NetherlandsPortugalUnited Kingdom Spain Sweden
Stakeholders
Trade Union37,0%
Government institution
43,8%
Employers' Association
19,2%
Countries
New EU 27 Countries
42,7%
EU 15 Countries
57,3%
QuestionnaireThe questionnaire is organized in the following sections:
European Regulations
Initiatives
Perception of stress
Priority issues
The most part of these have got closed ended questions
European social dialogue
Main
Results
Section 1
European Regulations
Has the European Directive 89/391 been effective for the assessment of psychosocial risks and work-related stress?
Yes No Don’t know
48,8%
41,9%
9,3%
18,7%
62,5%
18,8%
36,0%
50,7%
13,3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU 15 Countries New EU 27Countries
Total35,7%
21,4%
42,9%
29,6%
63,0%
7,4%
43,8%
53,1%
3,1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Employers'Association
Trade Union GovernmentInstitution
No. of respondents of EU 15 Countries: 43No. of respondents of New EU 27 Countries: 32
No. of respondents of Employers’ Association: 14No. of respondents of Trade Union: 27No. of respondents of Government Institution: 32
If you think that the European Directive 89/391 hasn’t been effective for the assessment and / or management of psychosocial risks, what do you
think the main barriers in its implementation have been ? (*)
TOTAL
COUNTRIES STAKEHOLDERS
EU 15 Countries
New EU 27 Countries
Employers’ association
Trade Union
Government
Low prioritisation 17.7% (1) 19.7% (1) 16.1% (3) 27.3% (1) 14.5% (3) 20.0% (1)
Perception psychosocial issues
17.1% (2) 16.9% (3) 17.2% (2) 18.2% (2) 14.5% (3) 18.6% (2)
Lack of awareness 16.5% (3) 11.3% (5) 20.7% (1) 18.2% (2) 19.7% (1) 12.9% (3)
Lack of consensus 12.7% (4) 18.3% (2) 8.0% (6) 0,0% (6) 17.1% (2) 10.0% (5)
(*) Multiple response. Please, note that the table shows the percentage of the 4 most chosen answers and in the bracket their rank.
No. of total respondents: 43
Section 2
Initiatives
In the last 5 years, have there been any nation-wide or sector-oriented initiatives in your country that address the issue of
work-related stress?
74,4%
20,9%
4,7%
59,4%
28,1%
12,5%
68,0%
24,0%
8,0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU 15Countries
New EU 27Countries
Total
Yes No Don’t know
No. of respondents of EU 15 Countries: 43 No. of respondents of New EU 27 Countries: 32
TOTAL
Awareness raising 53,2%
Dissemination/ Participation
39,4%
Sustainability 4.3%
(*) Multiple response. Please, note that the table shows the percentage of the 3 most chosen answers and in the bracket their rank.
No. of total respondents: 51
If YES, have these initiatives been successfully implemented in terms of: (*)
TOTAL
COUNTRIES STAKEHOLDERS
EU 15 Countries
New EU 27 Countries
Employers’
associationTrade Union
Government
Lack of awareness 20.6% (1) 18.8% (1) 22.2% (1) 25.0% (1) 20.0% (1) 22.7% (2)
Low prioritisation 17.6% (2) 15.6% (2) 19.4% (2) 0.0% (7) 17.1% (2) 27.3% (1)
No appropriate tools for assessing and managing stress
16.2% (3) 15.6% (2) 16.7% (3) 25.0% (1) 14.3% (3) 13.6% (4)
Specific regulations limited
13.2% (4) 12.5% (5) 13.9% (4) 12.5% (2) 11.4% (4) 18.2% (3)
(*) Multiple response. Please, note that the table shows the percentage of the 4 most chosen answers and in the bracket their rank.
If NO, what do you think are the main reasons? (*)
No. of total respondents: 18
Are you aware of any practical guidelines that have been developed in your country for assessing and / or managing work related stress?
83,7%
9,3%7,0%
37,4%
43,8%
18,8%
64,0%
24,0%
12,0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU 15Countries
New EU 27Countries
Total
Yes No Don’t know
No. of respondents of EU 15 Countries: 43 No. of respondents of New EU 27 Countries: 32
Have the following relevant EC Directives been effective in your country?
86,1%
13,9%
79,3%
20,7%
83,1%
16,9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU 15 Countries New EU 27Countries
Total
Directive 90/270/EEC on VDT
84,8%
15,2%
90,0%
10,0%
87,3%
12,7%
0%
10%
20%30%
40%
50%60%
70%80%
90%
100%
EU 15 Countries New EU 27Countries
Total
Directive 92/85/EEC on pregnant workers, woman who have recently given birth, or are
breast-feeding
74,3%
25,7%
76,7%
23,3%
75,4%
24,6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU 15 Countries New EU 27Countries
Total
Directive 93/104/EC about working time
78,1%
21,9%
86,2%
13,8%
82,0%
18,0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU 15 Countries New EU 27Countries
Total
Directive 96/344/EC on parental leave
Yes
No
Section 3
Perception of stress
42,9%
42,9%
14,2%
74,1%
22,2%
3,7%
68,8%
25,0%
6,2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Employers'Association
Trade Union GovernmentInstitution
Do you think that workplace violence, bullying and mobbing represent important occupational health concerns in your country?
74,4%
25,6%
0,0%
53,1%
31,3%
15,6%
65,3%
28,0%
6,7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU 15 Countries New EU 27Countries
Total
Yes No Don’t know
No. of respondents of EU 15 Countries: 43 No. of respondents of New EU 27 Countries: 32
No. of respondents of Employers’ Association: 14No. of respondents of Trade Union: 27No. of respondents of Government Institution: 32
TOTAL
STAKEHOLDERS
Employers’
associationTrade Union
Government
Organisational culture 14,2% (1) 12,3% (4) 15.6% (1) 14,4% (2)
Excessive work demands 13,9% (2) 6,2% (9) 14,1% (2) 17,6% (1)
Lack of work-life balance 12,5% (3) 13,8% (1) 14,1% (2) 10,5% (5)
Lack of appropriate support at work
11,4% (4) 12,3% (4) 13,3% (5) 9,2% (6)
Poor interpersonal relation at work
11,1% (5) 10,8% (5) 10,9% (6) 11,8% (4)
(*) Multiple response. Please, note that the table shows the percentage of the 5 most chosen answers and in the bracket their rank.
What do you think are the main causes of work-related stress? (*)
92,9%
7,1%
81,5%
18,5%
93,8%
6,2%
88,0%
12,0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Employers'Association
Trade Union GovernmentInstitution
Total
In your opinion, can work-related stress lead to occupational diseases?
Yes No
No. of respondents of Employers’ Association: 14No. of respondents of Trade Union: 27No. of respondents of Government Institution: 32
TOTAL
COUNTRIES STAKEHOLDERS
EU 15 Countries
New EU 27 Countries
Employers’ association
Trade Union
Government
Increased absenteeism 21,6% (1) 22,4% (1) 20,6% (1) 22,2% (1) 22,9% (1) 20,8% (1)
Decreasing productivity 20,3% (2) 20,0% (2) 20,6% (1) 22,2% (1) 18,1% (3) 20,8% (1)
Increased accidents 16,5% (3) 15,8% (3) 17,5% (3) 16,7% (3) 21,9% (2) 12,8% (4)
Chronic diseases 15,1% (4) 14,5% (4) 15,9% (4) 9,3% (5) 16,2% (4) 16,8% (3)
(*) Multiple response. Please, note that the table shows the percentage of the 4 most chosen answers and in the bracket their rank.
In your opinion, does work-related stress have an effect on: (*)
In your opinion, can the following work characteristics cause work-related stress:
3
3,5
4
4,5
5
Too m
uch o
r too
littl
e work
Lack
of contro
l
Low rewar
ds at
work
Role
conf
lict
Caree
r dev
elopm
ent
Job
inse
curit
y
Physi
cal i
sola
tion
Poor p
erso
nal re
latio
n
Low suppor
t for
pro
blem
solv
ing
Comm
unica
tion p
roble
ms
Lack
of cla
rity
Low par
ticip
atio
n
Poor w
ork-li
fe b
alan
ce
Employers' Association Trade Union Government Institution
1 = Completely disagree2 = Mostly disagree
4 = Mostly agree5 = Completely agree
3 = Neither disagree nor agree
How would you rate the support and guidance on psychosocial issues (including work-related stress, violence, bullying and mobbing) provided by the following bodies?
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
NationalHealth Service
Local HealthServices
OccupationalHealth
Services
Enforcementbodies
Employersorganization
Trade Unions Independentexperts
Employers' Association Trade Union Government Institution
1 = Unsatisfactory2 = Fairly unsatisfactory
3 = Fairly satisfactory4 = Very satisfactory
TOTAL
COUNTRIES STAKEHOLDERS
EU 15 Countries
New EU 27 Countries
Employers’ association
Trade Union
Government
Occupational health services at enterprise level
22,9% (1) 22,8% (1) 22,9% (1) 23,8% (1) 18,5% (2) 27,1% (1)
Employers organisations 21,5% (2) 22,0% (2) 20,8% (2) 14,3% (4) 21.0% (1) 25,0% (2)
National health services 16,6% (3) 19,7% (3) 12,5% (5) 19,0% (2) 21,0% (1) 11,5% (5)
(*) Multiple response. Please, note that the table shows the percentage of the 3 most chosen answers and in the bracket their rank.
In your opinion, in terms of managing psychosocial issues at work, which of the following actors or bodies should step up their activities? (*)
Do you think there is a need for practitioners (medical, technical, social, etc.) with specific postgraduate training on psychosocial issues in your country?
81,0%
11,9%
7,1%
87,5%
9,4%
3,1%
83,8%
10,8%
5,4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU 15Countries
New EU 27Countries
Total
No. of respondents of EU 15 Countries: 42 No. of respondents of New EU 27 Countries: 32
Yes
No
Don’t know
Are you aware of any education and training programmes offered in your country that focus on psychosocial issues?
69,0%
21,5%
9,5%
40,6%
37,5%
21,9%
56,7%
28,4%
14,9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU 15Countries
New EU 27Countries
Total
Yes
No
Don’t know
No. of respondents of EU 15 Countries: 42 No. of respondents of New EU 27 Countries: 32
Section 4
European social dialogue
74,4%
25,6%
62,5%
37,5%
69,3%
30,7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU 15 Countries New EU 27Countries
Total
64,3%
35,7%
77,8%
22,2%
68,8%
31,2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Employers'Association
Trade Union GovernmentInstitution
Considering the European voluntary agreement between social partners on work-related stress are you familiar with the content of the agreement?
Yes No
No. of respondents of EU 15 Countries: 43 No. of respondents of New EU 27 Countries: 32
No. of respondents of Employers’ Association: 14No. of respondents of Trade Union: 27No. of respondents of Government Institution: 32
67,4%
4,7%
27,9%
43,7%
9,4%
46,9%
57,3%
6,7%
36,0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU 15 Countries New EU 27Countries
Total
57,1%
0,0%
42,9%
59,3%
11,1%
29,6%
59,4%
6,2%
34,4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Employers'Association
Trade Union GovernmentInstitution
Considering the European voluntary agreement between social partners on work-related stress, has it been translated into your country’s language?
Yes No Don’t know
No. of respondents of EU 15 Countries: 43 No. of respondents of New EU 27 Countries: 32
No. of respondents of Employers’ Association: 14No. of respondents of Trade Union: 27No. of respondents of Government Institution: 32
25,6%
48,8%
25,6%
6,2%
56,3%
37,5%
17,3%
52,0%
30,7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU 15 Countries New EU 27Countries
Total
42,9%
21,4%
35,7%
11,1%
63,0%
25,9%
12,5%
59,4%
28,1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Employers'Association
Trade Union GovernmentInstitution
Considering the European voluntary agreement between social partners on work-related stress, do you think that the agreement has been implemented effectively in your country?
Yes No Don’t know
No. of respondents of EU 15 Countries: 43 No. of respondents of New EU 27 Countries: 32
No. of respondents of Employers’ Association: 14No. of respondents of Trade Union: 27No. of respondents of Government Institution: 32
How relevant or useful in your opinion is this agreement in relation to already existing national legislation, agreements and action programmes on work-related stress/psychosocial risks ?
14,0%
39,4%
14,0%
14,0%
18,6%
6,2%
9,4%
31,2%
21,9%
31,3%
10,7%
26,7%
21,3%
17,3%
24,0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU 15Countries
New EU 27Countries
Total
7,1%
21,4%
21,4%
14,3%
35,8%
11,1%
29,6%
18,5%
25,9%
14,8%
12,5%
28,1%
25,0%
12,5%
21,9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Employers'association
Trade Union GovernmentInstitution
No. of respondents of EU 15 Countries: 43 No. of respondents of New EU 27 Countries: 32
No. of respondents of Employers’ Association: 14No. of respondents of Trade Union: 27No. of respondents of Government Institution: 32
Don’t knowVery importantImportantSomewhat importantNot important
How would you rate social dialogue concerning psychosocial risk factors in your country?
25,5%
32,6%
16,3%
16,3%
2,3%
4,7%
2,3%
21,9%
46,9%
15,6%
9,4%
3,1%3,1%
24,0%
38,7%
16,0%
13,3%
1,3%4,0%2,7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU 15Countries
New EU 27Countries
Total
7,2%
21,5%
35,7%
14,3%
7,1%
7,1%
7,1%
44,5%
40,7%
7,4%
3,7%
3,7%
12,5%
46,9%
21,9%
15,6%
3,1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Employers'association
Trade Union GovernmentInstitution
No. of respondents of EU 15 Countries: 43 No. of respondents of New EU 27 Countries: 32
No. of respondents of Employers’ Association: 14No. of respondents of Trade Union: 27No. of respondents of Government Institution: 32
Don’t knowNo dialogueVery satisfactoryFairly satisfactorySatisfactoryFairly unsatisfactoryUnsatisfactory
How would you rate the effectiveness of the following tools for improving social dialogue concerning psychosocial
factors in your country?
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
Disse
min
atio
n of k
nowledge
Natio
nal m
eetin
gs
Evalu
atin
g the
resu
lts o
f soci
al d
ialo
gue
Devel
opin
g good p
ract
ice
guid
elin
es
Impl
emen
tatio
n of r
egula
tory
stru
cture
Resea
rch p
rogra
mm
es
EU initi
ativ
es
Colle
ctiv
e bar
gainin
g by
the
soci
al p
artn
ers
Prom
otion o
f CSR
Devel
opm
ent o
f ski
lls o
f wor
kers
Incr
easi
ng trad
e uni
on M
ember
ship
Employers' Association Trade Union Government Institution
1 = No effect at all2 = Little effect
3 = Effective4 = Very effective
Do you think that social dialogue and corporate social responsibility can play an important role for the management of psychosocial risks and work-related stress ?
100,0%
0,0%0,0%
100,0%
0,0%0,0%
100,0%
0,0%0,0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU 15Countries
New EU 27Countries
Total
100,0%
0,0%0,0%
100,0%
0,0%0,0%
100,0%
0,0%0,0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Employers'Association
Trade Union GovernmentInstitution
Yes No Don’t know
No. of respondents of EU 15 Countries: 43 No. of respondents of New EU 27 Countries: 31
No. of respondents of Employers’ Association: 14No. of respondents of Trade Union: 27No. of respondents of Government Institution: 31
Section 5
Priority issues
TOTAL
COUNTRIES STAKEHOLDERS
EU 15New EU 27 Countries
Employers’ association
Trade Union
Government
Job insecurity 16.0% (1) 13,9% (3) 19,0% (1) 11,3% (5) 17,0% (1) 18,1% (1)
Work-life balance 15,3% (2) 16,3% (1) 14,0% (3) 15,1% (3) 13,0% (4) 17,3% (2)
Economic effects of work-related stress
14,6% (3) 13,3% (4) 16,5% (2) 17,0% (1) 15,0% (2) 13,4% (3)
Migrant workers 13,2% (4) 15,1% (2) 10,7% (4) 7,5% (7) 15,0% (2) 13,4% (3)
(*) Multiple response. Please, note that the table shows the percentage of the 4 most chosen answers and in the bracket their rank.
Which issues of relevance that, in your view, should be given more attention at the European level? (*)
• Assessing costs investment of prevention at company and social level
• How to assess and manage psychosocial risk factors
• How to target the prevention experts at company level
• Focus on changing work organization and flexibility
Capacity Building
Research
Implementation
• Training of experts• Culture of prevention form school
education• Culture of wellbeing at company
level• Accessibility to resources and
good practices • Multidisciplinary health services
• of European Agreement • Filling the gaps perception • Good practice• Compatibility among available good practices and framework
regulation and prevention system
Way Forward
It is time to act!
Thank you for your attention!