the second world war origins & causes 1/7 & 1/8 do now: answer the following in your...
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THE SECOND WORLD WAR
ORIGINS & CAUSES 1/7 & 1/8
Do Now: Answer the following in your notebook
What were the main long term causes of the war?What were the main short term causes of the war?
MIDTERM REVIEW Compare and contrast the causes of the First World War and the Second World War.
Analyze (a) the short-term results, and (b) the long-term results up to 1935, of the First World War.
Compare and contrast the rise to power of two rulers of single-party states, each chosen from a different region.
“Peace settlements create conditions for new conflicts.” Reference to at least two peace settlements and explain to what extent you agree with this statement.
Describe how a right wing single party ruler was able to rise to power and consolidate rule.
Describe how a left wing single party ruler was able to rise to power and consolidate rule.
OVERVIEW
In Europe the main struggle was between Germany, France & Britain over Treaty of Versailles
Sept. 1939 Germany invaded Poland to recover lands lost in the treaty to occupy Poland – Britain could not accept violation as it had guaranteed Polish independence
War initially characterized by a series of attacks by Japan, Germany, & Italy to gain territories that the militaristic regimes of these countries thought should be theirs
League of Nations was weak
Resources of the Allies proved to be greater than those of the Axis Powers
Civilian casualties were dramatic
INTRODUCTION
Like the WWI – WWII was a TOTAL WAR
These conflicts were more global as they included East Asia and EuropeThe first conflict was a war fought between China and Japan from 1937 – 1945
1939 European war begins with German invasion of Poland – in alliance with Russia - & France and Britain, which both declared war on Germany
1940 Italy joined the war on Germany’s side1941 Germany invaded Greece, Yugoslavia, Romania & then Russia1941 Japan attacked the possessions of the US, Britain, Netherlands, Portugal, in SE Asia
1945 Russia declared war on Japan
ALLIES VS. AXIS POWERS
AlliesUSBritainFranceSoviet UnionChina
AxisGermanyItalyJapan
Theaters of War: Where WWII Was Fought
Pacific
AsiaNorth Africa
Europe
Atlantic Ocean
HITLER’S WWII
PARTNERS
Brazil
India
THE ALLIED POWERS IN
WWII
WHAT WERE THE MAIN LONG TERM CAUSES OF THE WAR??? Impact of the Treaty of VersaillesMain issue was that Germany had not been totally defeated and occupied in 1918 (as will be the case in 1945)
German armies had been victorious in Russia & attacks on Western Front in Europe had been most successful of the war
German forces not destroyedThe armistice was not surrender – just an agreement to stop fightingTreated as surrender by French
WHY TERMS & CONDITIONS OF THE PEACE TREATY CAUSES RESENTMENT IN GERMANY German delegation did not negotiate the terms
Germans signed armistice based on Fourteen Points – treaty made it appear Germans had unconditionally surrendered
German leaders who signed the armistice were not the men who decided on the war
Germans forced to accept small army, limitations on warships
Lost its overseas colonies
Germany lost much land to Poland and German city of Danzig was placed under control of League of Nations
WHY TERMS & CONDITIONS OF THE PEACE TREATY CAUSES RESENTMENT IN GERMANY Germany loss Alsace Lorraine to France
The Saarland placed under League of Nations
Rhineland was demilitarized
Germany had to pay reparations
Anchluss was forbidden
LONG TERM CAUSE – LEAGUE OF NATIONS League of Nations objective was to prevent conflicts escalating into war
League had little power to control aggression of larger powers
Example – Italy attacked Greek island of Corfu in 1923 or in 1935 when Mussolini invaded African state of Abyssinia the League failed to act
US not a member
Russia only a member between 1934 – 1939
Aggressor nations simply left the League when criticized – Germany 1933, Japan 1933, Italy 1935
MAIN SHORT TERM CAUSES OF THE WARECONOMIC AND POLITICAL FACTORS AFTER 1929 Greater optimism would fade across Europe in the late 1920s – Economic Crash of 1929 & nationalist regime in Germany
Nazi regime was dedicated to ending the humiliations of Versailles and making Germany a major world power again
Crisis in America led withdraw of US loans to Germany
Nazis stood for a national revival which those to blame for Germany’s situation would be punished
Hitler stated Germany needed a strong army to rid itself of enemies, find living space (Lebensraum), take control of resources, & set up a new German racial state
EVENTS LEADING TO WAR
Germany
1) Germans gave support to leader who offered rearmament and opposition to Treaty of Versailles
2) Germans associate the League with Treaty of Versailles & admired Hitler’s independence
3) Germany seemed to be showing some restraint
Other Countries
1) Britain and France occupied by internal economic problems
2) Britain & France already lost faith in the League
3) Britain & France believed Mussolini was putting national interest above support for fellow right wing leader to protect Versailles settlement
EVENTS LEADING TO WAR
Germany
4) Turning point in the development of Germany as military power
5) A Show of support for the Nazi regime
6) Ethiopia appealed to the League of Nations. Germany benefited from the division between Italy, Britain, & France
7) Hitler benefited from a British attempt to control German naval expansion
Other Countries
4) Britain & France believed the Italian dictator was putting national interest above support for fellow right wing ruler
6) Public opinion forced the British & French gov’t to criticize Mussolini, losing his support
7) Britain undermined the T. of V. by trying to control German battleship expansion
EVENTS LEADING TO WAR
Germany
8) Was without negotiation and violation of T. of V. Rearmament increased
9) Limited treaty of friendship between Italy & Germany given maximum publicity – also gave support to right wing military revolt in Spain vs. Republican gov’t
10) Hitler insisted on a Nazi gov’t in Austria which called for German annexation
Other Countries
8) France did not intervene as little support in Britain for any action
9) Britain adopted policy of neutrality in Spain
10) British prime minister Neville Chamberlain wanted to revise T. of V. – neither France or Britain acted
EVENTS LEADING TO WAR
Germany
11) ‘Sudeten’ Germans were formerly part of Austrian Empire, not Germany
12) Hitler was able to manipulate Britain into taking the lead in satisfying German grievances
Other Countries
11) France had alliance with Czechoslovakia, but not Britain..Chamberlain wanted to find peaceful solution
12) Chamberlain persuaded France & Czechoslovakia to accept a settlement over the Sudetenland
EVENTS LEADING TO WAR
Germany
13) Hitler established Foreign policy not linked to T. of V. – rearmament would not be ready until 1942
14) Once German forces were committed in Poland war was unavoidable. German and USSR non-aggression pact offered mass forces against Poland
Other Countries
13) Britain offered Poland a guarantee of independence
14) Britain attempted to negotiate with USSR but was limited
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT ~ SECTION DANALYSIS
Analysis Spend serious time on this!
Marks Level descriptor
0 There is no analysis.
1–2 There is some attempt at analysing the evidence presented in section B.
3–4 There is analysis of the evidence presented in section B and references are included. You might show some awareness of the importance to the investigation of the sources evaluated in section C. Where appropriate, different interpretations are considered.
5–6 There is critical analysis of the evidence presented in section B, accurate referencing, and an awareness of the importance to the IA of the sources evaluated in section C. Where appropriate, different interpretations are analysed.
You cannot introduce new evidence here...explain the significance of evidence used in section B in section D (analyze) ...You must explain the importance of the sources evaluated in section C to answering your research question...500 – 600 words
ANALYSIS
This section should consist of:
~ An analysis that breaks down complex issues in order to bring out the essential elements, any underlying assumptions and any interrelationships involved
~ An understanding of the issue in its historical context a critical examination of the factual material presented in section B. This section
should only reference the material is section B, you should not add additional facts in section D.
~ An awareness of the significance of the sources used, especially those in section C a consideration of different interpretations of evidence, where appropriate.
Information should be correctly and consistently referenced.
Should be approximately 500-600 words.
This section is worth 6 points out of your overall grade.