the soviet afghan war 1

7/28/2019 The Soviet Afghan War 1

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By

Khalil Ahmed


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Afghanistan Independence Overview

Afghanistan remained

neutral during

World War IIWWII

Resists influence

from the U.S. and

Soviet Union

during the

beginning of theCold War


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General Overview of War

Began in 1979 when the SovietsInvaded Afghanistan

Afghan carried out

guerrilla warfare

that ultimately drives

Soviet out

Ended in stalemate

Soviet forced towithdraw

Ceasefire: 1988

Soviet withdraw: 1989


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Long Term Causes

Soviet trying to spread communism to neighboring

Wanted to create friendly eastern states

Would open up trade with Asian nations

Maxis government in Afghanistan is being opposed by

majority of Afghans.


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Short Term Causes

1978 Marxist government placed in Afghanistan by

PDPA (Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan)

Actions were unpopular with the conservative Afghans

Saw the Marxist ideals as a threat to the Afghan religion

and customs

Soviets wanted to maintain the Communist government

invaded in 1979 to intervene


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Reasons of Soviet Invasion

Wished to expand their influence in Asia Preserve the Communist government that had been

established in the 1970s

To free the communism living in Afghanistan

Soviets wanted to protect their interests in Afghanistanfrom Iran and western nations


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Soviet Motivations

Successful invasion of Afghanistan allow puppet stateset up through control of Kabul

Geographic benefits

1. Access of Indian ocean through India

2. Trade with India and its large population3. Natural sources: Iron ore, natural gas, uranium,

copper

Soviet Solders in Kabul


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Afghan Motivations/Perceptions

Majority were

Muslims conflicting

with the atheist

teaching of

Communism

Saw the Soviets

invasions as a threat

to their culture andreligion-engage in

Jihad.

Afghan Mujahidin


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Mujahidin

Afghan resistance fighters against Soviet controlled

Kabul government

Made up of seven political organizations in Afghanistan

Mujahidin Solders
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Evstafiev-spetsnaz-prepare-for-mission.jpg


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Mujahidin

Originally divided by regional,sectarian, political and tribal ties.

Not very united at the beginning of

Soviet Invasio0n

Organized in local tribal militias.

No central structure

March 1980 formed Islamic

Alliance for the for the Liberation

of Afghanistan for International

recognization and support

Mujahedeen forces caused serious

casualties to the Soviet forces
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Mortar_attack_on_Shigal_Tarna_garrison%2C_Kunar_Province%2C_87.jpg


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Mujahidin unable to unite together politically

Results in many political divisions that give rise to the

Taliban

Taliban
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/August_1985_Muja.jpg


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Foreign Aid

Interlay trained/funded by Pakistans Inter-service Intelligence (ISI) Later supported by US, UK, Saudi Arabia, Iran, PRC (China) and Sunni

nations.

1983- US, UK, Saudi Arabia, PRC become supporters for Afghanistan

Weapon Supplied through Pakistan

1986- US and UK supplied missiles an ground to ground rockets thatallowed Mujahidin to shoot down Soviet aircrafts


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Short Term Effects (Afghans)

1 Million Afghan died

5 million Afghan (refugees) fled to neighboring countries

(mainly Pakistan)

Afghan destabilized


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Short Term Effects (Soviet)

14, 000 Soviet soldiers killed

Soviet lost 1000 pieces of equipment and 450 aircrafts

Soviet Causalities = 50, 000


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Long Term Effects (Soviet)

Costed Soviet Union billions of dollars of debt which

severely weakened the Soviet Union

Contributed to the fall of Soviet Union

Soviets lose power in central Asia

Soviet authorities became questioned by its people which

weakened their empire.


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Long Term Effects (Afghan)

Afghanistan torn economically and politically

Afghanistan is brought to a state of civil unrest (event today)

Unstable Afghanistan becomes a spot to harbor terrorist groups like

the Taliban

U.S. diverted Communism in Afghanistan Land wasted


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1987 Soviets Withdraw

New Soviet regime led by Mikhail Gorbachev orders a

withdrawal of troops

He acknowledged that the war was a devastating cost to both the

Soviets and Afghans

The last troops left inFeb 1989


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Soviet Troops Leaving Afghanistan 1989


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Long Term effects (Pakistan)

After Russian invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, more than

2.8 million Afghan refugees sought shelter in Pakistan

extra burden on the economy of our country

Afghan immigrants have no documentation so becomes

Criminal

Most of the drug dealers, illegal arms dealer, car lifters, or

smugglers are Afghan refugees

The trade route between Afghanistan and Pakistan has

also been affected

Trade Route Torkham Jalalabad highway now considered

as a danger zone


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Impact on USSR and International System

The U.S. only response to Soviet aggression was to limit

grain shipments to the Soviet Union and boycotting the

1980 summer Olympic games in Moscow

U.S President Jimmy Carter indicated that the Soviet

incursion was "the most serious threat to the peace sincethe Second World War.


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The Geneva Accords and

Consequences for Pakistan

The Accord consisted of several instruments:

Agreement on the interrelationships for the settlement of the

situation relating to Afghanistan signed by Afghanistan and

Pakistan, witnessed by the USA and the USSR;

Bilateral agreement between the Islamic Republic of Pakistanand the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan on the principles

of mutual relations, in particular on noninterference and non-

intervention;

Declaration on international guarantees, signed by the USSR

and the USA;

Bilateral agreement between Pakistan and Afghanistan on the

voluntary return of Afghan refugees.


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Thanks for yourAttention

the soviet afghan war 1

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