the us and wwi acoa - chapter 10 review part i- the war begins
TRANSCRIPT
The US The US and WWIand WWI
ACOA - ACOA - Chapter Chapter
1010
ReviewReview
Part I- The War BeginsPart I- The War Begins
Europe on the Eve of World War I, Europe on the Eve of World War I, 19141914
The CausesThe Causes
• Competing AlliancesCompeting Alliances– Europe Tension- most Euro-nations Europe Tension- most Euro-nations
were hooked up in an alliance of some were hooked up in an alliance of some sortsort
• NationalismNationalism– Your nation must compete/keep up or Your nation must compete/keep up or
be better than the other nations caused be better than the other nations caused competition and tensioncompetition and tension
Triple Alliance v. Triple Triple Alliance v. Triple EntenteEntente
The CausesThe Causes
• ImperialismImperialism– Competition for more territory, Competition for more territory,
resources, markets adds to the tension resources, markets adds to the tension between nationsbetween nations
• MilitarismMilitarism– Military Spending increased 300% from Military Spending increased 300% from
1870 -19141870 -1914
Machine Guns Industrialization applied to killing
Tanks
One way to deal with the trenches …well sort of
Big Holes
Big Guns can only mean one thing...
Ahh... technology
Chemical Warfare
...it’s a gas
Solve for X: Science +Technology + Military= X?
20 Million+ will die in WWI
The Match UpThe Match Up
• Allied PowersAllied Powers• RussiaRussia• France France • Great BritainGreat Britain• SerbiaSerbia• OthersOthers
• Central Central PowersPowers
• Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary• GermanyGermany• Ottoman TurksOttoman Turks• OthersOthers
•What about the United States?
Part II- Part II- The The
US Gets US Gets InvolvedInvolved
Early American Early American ReactionReaction
• Stay out it’s a European Affair, Stay out it’s a European Affair, however...however...
• 1 out 7 Americans are European 1 out 7 Americans are European immigrantsimmigrants
• 2 out 5 Americans have family in 2 out 5 Americans have family in Europe Europe
• Americans were related to and Americans were related to and also doing business with both also doing business with both sides in the conflictsides in the conflict
American Factories
Provide the munitions
US Attitude-Neutrality US Attitude-Neutrality (sort of…)(sort of…)
• America tries to stay neutralAmerica tries to stay neutral• Europeans conflict damaged US Europeans conflict damaged US
business and farmsbusiness and farms• President Wilson tried to keep US President Wilson tried to keep US
outout
What if…What if…
• If European markets go down than If European markets go down than so will US economyso will US economy
• Wilson allows US banks to loan Wilson allows US banks to loan money to European nationsmoney to European nations
• US business manufactures munitionsUS business manufactures munitions• US Banks and Wall Street loan US Banks and Wall Street loan
Billions to Allies and only millions to Billions to Allies and only millions to Central PowersCentral Powers
British Naval Superiority
American Involvement: American Involvement: U-boatsU-boats
• German U-boats- attack US ships German U-boats- attack US ships • LusitaniaLusitania- carried war supplies May - carried war supplies May
19151915• Sussex Pledge- Germany will try to Sussex Pledge- Germany will try to
stopstop• Germany resumes U-boat attacksGermany resumes U-boat attacks
German U-boats: Used to prevent Allies from getting supplies
Zimmerman Telegram
A bit suspicious
Was it real or not? Hmm…
American Involvement: American Involvement: Zimmerman TelegramZimmerman Telegram
• Asked Mexico to join Germany and Asked Mexico to join Germany and Central powers, if the US gets involved Central powers, if the US gets involved in WWIin WWI
• Germany and Mexico would split up Germany and Mexico would split up US after WWIUS after WWI
• Was it real? Was it real? – Germany denied it. Germany denied it. – Mexico said they never got it. Mexico said they never got it. – It was discovered by a British Spy, It was discovered by a British Spy,
hmmm?hmmm?
Bolsheviks take over
Russia end Monarchy
and immediately pull out of
WWI
American Involvement: American Involvement: Russian Revolution 1917Russian Revolution 1917
• Russian monarchy this was against Russian monarchy this was against (US) ideals of Democracy(US) ideals of Democracy
• Bolsheviks take over and pull out of Bolsheviks take over and pull out of the warthe war
• Now the US has no issues joining Now the US has no issues joining the Alliesthe Allies
American Involvement: American Involvement: The Financial IssueThe Financial Issue
• US banks and business have loaned US banks and business have loaned billions to the Allied Nationsbillions to the Allied Nations
• US banks and business have loaned US banks and business have loaned millions to the Central Power millions to the Central Power NationsNations
• Do the Math Do the Math – Do you want to lose Millions…Do you want to lose Millions…– Or Billions?Or Billions?
US Enters the WarUS Enters the War• Wilson declares war on Germany in Wilson declares war on Germany in
April 1917April 1917• ““The United States would fight to The United States would fight to
make the world safe for democracy.”make the world safe for democracy.”• Many American business see it as an Many American business see it as an
opportunityopportunity• Some say that that the war is going on Some say that that the war is going on
at the command of Gold.’at the command of Gold.’• Anti war attitudes are quickly silencedAnti war attitudes are quickly silenced
Woodrow Wilson shown with a young FDR
not everyone had a voice in their government… even in America
But in the US…
US and WWI : The WarUS and WWI : The War
• The US enters in1917The US enters in1917• First action not until April 1918First action not until April 1918• War ends Nov. 11, 1918 (11/11 @ War ends Nov. 11, 1918 (11/11 @
11:00 AM)11:00 AM)• US Casualties = 116,516US Casualties = 116,516
WWI CasualtiesWWI Casualties
• US - 116,516US - 116,516• GB- 908,000; GB- 908,000; • France- France- 1,375,0001,375,000• Germany-1,800,000 Germany-1,800,000
• Austria-Hungary 1,200,000Austria-Hungary 1,200,000• Russia- 1,700,000Russia- 1,700,000
Impact of WWI- MilitaryImpact of WWI- Military
MilitaryMilitary• Selective Service Act- the Draft, Selective Service Act- the Draft,
army wanted 3 million menarmy wanted 3 million men• Segregated Army still the case- Segregated Army still the case-
Harlem Hell Fighters; most AA did Harlem Hell Fighters; most AA did grunt workgrunt work
• Volunteers Women- nurses, drivers, Volunteers Women- nurses, drivers, etc.etc.
Impact of WWI- $$$Impact of WWI- $$$
BondsBonds• Billions $$ raised to support warBillions $$ raised to support war• Most came in bonds, Liberty BondsMost came in bonds, Liberty Bonds• Mass movement to sell bonds- Boy Mass movement to sell bonds- Boy
Scouts, celebrities, etc pushed them.Scouts, celebrities, etc pushed them.
Impact of WWI- $$$Impact of WWI- $$$
AgenciesAgencies• War Industries Board- oversaw War Industries Board- oversaw
production; told companies what to production; told companies what to make and also said who could have make and also said who could have what resources what resources
• ““Metal for bullets not refrigerators”Metal for bullets not refrigerators”
Impact of WWI- $$$Impact of WWI- $$$
AgenciesAgencies• National Labor Relations Board- settled National Labor Relations Board- settled
disputes between business and workers disputes between business and workers (unions)(unions)
• Most strikes occurred during this time- Most strikes occurred during this time- gave unions powergave unions power
• Women and AA entered work forceWomen and AA entered work force• IWW & other socialists were IWW & other socialists were
persecuted- seen as anti-Americapersecuted- seen as anti-America
Impact of WWI- $$$Impact of WWI- $$$
AgenciesAgencies• Food AdministrationFood Administration• Issued price controls and Issued price controls and
rationingrationing• Made sure army had suppliesMade sure army had supplies• Propaganda to increase Propaganda to increase
production and conservationproduction and conservation
Impact of WWI- $$$Impact of WWI- $$$
AgenciesAgencies• Committee of Public InformationCommittee of Public Information• Issued propaganda in support of the Issued propaganda in support of the
warwar• Films, songs, campaigns, etc.Films, songs, campaigns, etc.• Promoted fear of foreigners- Promoted fear of foreigners-
sedition and espionagesedition and espionage• Anti-war = Anti-American?Anti-war = Anti-American?
Anti-War = Anti- AmericaAnti-War = Anti- America
• Violence against anti-war peopleViolence against anti-war people• Union (IWW) members arrested beatenUnion (IWW) members arrested beaten• Vigilantes & Lynching- Robert PragerVigilantes & Lynching- Robert Prager
– German Measles = Liberty measlesGerman Measles = Liberty measles– Hamburger = Liberty sandwichHamburger = Liberty sandwich– French Fries = Freedom fries?French Fries = Freedom fries?
• No Mozart or German MusicNo Mozart or German Music• Literacy test for immigrantsLiteracy test for immigrants
The End of the WarThe End of the War
This will come into play again This will come into play again and again and againand again and again
Wilson’s 14 PointsWilson’s 14 Points
• Presidents Wilson’s idea to end the war, Presidents Wilson’s idea to end the war, bring peace for the long termbring peace for the long term
• Based on self-determination and little Based on self-determination and little retributionretribution
• England & France- more interested in England & France- more interested in revengerevenge
• Most of 14 points thrown out, except Most of 14 points thrown out, except League of NationsLeague of Nations
• Wilson leaves peace talks before Treaty Wilson leaves peace talks before Treaty signedsigned
Treaty of Versailles 1919Treaty of Versailles 1919• Ends warEnds war• England and France make Germany payEngland and France make Germany pay• Germany must:Germany must:• Pay reparations $33 BillionPay reparations $33 Billion• Give Up ColoniesGive Up Colonies• Give Up MilitaryGive Up Military• Gove up land between Germany & Gove up land between Germany &
FranceFrance• Must take the blame for starting the warMust take the blame for starting the war
US IsolationismUS Isolationism
• Europe was constantly fightingEurope was constantly fighting• US lost soldiersUS lost soldiers• Leads to no involvement w/EuropeLeads to no involvement w/Europe• US denies League of NationsUS denies League of Nations• Wilson diesWilson dies• America stays our of European America stays our of European
affairsaffairs
US Isolationism US Isolationism $$ $$
•Europe messed up after the warEurope messed up after the war•US farms & industries take US farms & industries take
advantageadvantage•US becomes economic US becomes economic
powerhousepowerhouse– Europe owes US mass $$ (+$11.5 Europe owes US mass $$ (+$11.5
billion)billion)
•US established as a world powerUS established as a world power
End of the War at HomeEnd of the War at Home
• Soldiers return home need jobsSoldiers return home need jobs• Causes unrest- women and Causes unrest- women and
minorities were pushed out of jobsminorities were pushed out of jobs• Europeans were messed up and Europeans were messed up and
buying lessbuying less• US industries sell less and less, US industries sell less and less,
workers start to get fired, the workers start to get fired, the cycle… cycle…