the us and wwi
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The US and WWI. Ch 21 Sec 1 – 4 Review. Part I- The War Begins. Europe on the Eve of World War I, 1914. The Causes. Competing Alliances Europe Tension- most Euro-nations were hooked up in an alliance of some sort Nationalism - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The US and WWI
Ch 21 Sec 1 – 4
Review
Part I- The War Begins
Europe on the Eve of World War I, 1914
The Causes
• Competing Alliances– Europe Tension- most Euro-nations
were hooked up in an alliance of some sort
• Nationalism– Your nation must compete/keep up or
be better than the other nations caused competition and tension
Triple Alliance v. Triple Entente
The Causes
• Imperialism– Competition for more territory,
resources, markets adds to the tension between nations
• Militarism– Military Spending increased 300% from
1870 -1914
Machine Guns Industrialization applied to killing
Tanks
One way to deal with the trenches …well sort of
Big Holes
Big Guns can only mean one thing...
Ahh... technology
Chemical Warfare
...it’s a gas
Solve for X: Science +Technology + Military= X?
20 Million+ will die in WWI
The Match Up
• Allied Powers• Russia• France • Great Britain• Serbia• Others
• Central Powers
• Austria-Hungary
• Germany• Ottoman Turks• Others
•What about the United States?
Part II- The
US Gets Involved
Early American Reaction
• Stay out it’s a European Affair, however...
• 1 out 7 Americans are European immigrants
• 2 out 5 Americans have family in Europe
• Americans were related to and also doing business with both sides in the conflict
American Factories
Provide the munitions
US Attitude-Neutrality (sort of…)
• America tries to stay neutral• Europeans conflict damaged US
business and farms• President Wilson tried to keep US
out
What if…
• If European markets go down than so will US economy
• Wilson allows US banks to loan money to European nations
• US business manufactures munitions• US Banks and Wall Street loan
Billions to Allies and only millions to Central Powers
British Naval Superiority
American Involvement: U-boats
• German U-boats- attack US ships • Lusitania- carried war supplies May
1915• Sussex Pledge- Germany will try to
stop• Germany resumes U-boat attacks
German U-boats: Used to prevent Allies from getting supplies
Zimmerman Telegram
A bit suspicious
Was it real or not? Hmm…
American Involvement: Zimmerman Telegram
• Asked Mexico to join Germany and Central powers, if the US gets involved in WWI
• Germany and Mexico would split up US after WWI
• Was it real? – Germany denied it. – Mexico said they never got it. – It was discovered by a British Spy,
hmmm?
Bolsheviks take over
Russia end Monarchy
and immediately pull out of
WWI
American Involvement: Russian Revolution 1917
• Russian monarchy this was against (US) ideals of Democracy
• Bolsheviks take over and pull out of the war
• Now the US has no issues joining the Allies
American Involvement: The Financial Issue
• US banks and business have loaned billions to the Allied Nations
• US banks and business have loaned millions to the Central Power Nations
• Do the Math – Do you want to lose Millions…– Or Billions?
US Enters the War• Wilson declares war on Germany in
April 1917• “The United States would fight to
make the world safe for democracy.”• Many American business see it as an
opportunity• Some say that that the war is going
on at the command of Gold.’• Anti war attitudes are quickly
silenced
not everyone had a voice in their government… even in America
But in the US…
US and WWI : The War
• The US enters in1917• First action not until April 1918• War ends Nov. 11, 1918 (11/11 @
11:00 AM)• US Casualties = 116,516
WWI Casualties
• US - 116,516• GB- 908,000; • France- 1,375,000• Germany-1,800,000 • Austria-Hungary 1,200,000• Russia- 1,700,000
Impact of WWI- Military
Military• Selective Service Act- the Draft,
army wanted 3 million men• Segregated Army still the case-
Harlem Hell Fighters; most AA did grunt work
• Volunteers Women- nurses, drivers, etc.
Impact of WWI- $$$
Bonds• Billions $$ raised to support war• Most came in bonds, Liberty Bonds• Mass movement to sell bonds- Boy
Scouts, celebrities, etc pushed them.
Impact of WWI- $$$
Agencies• War Industries Board- oversaw
production; told companies what to make and also said who could have what resources
• “Metal for bullets not refrigerators”
Impact of WWI- $$$
Agencies• National Labor Relations Board-
settled disputes between business and workers (unions)
• Most strikes occurred during this time- gave unions power
• Women and AA entered work force• IWW & other socialists were
persecuted- seen as anti-America
Impact of WWI- $$$
Agencies• Food Administration• Issued price controls and
rationing• Made sure army had supplies• Propaganda to increase
production and conservation
Impact of WWI- $$$
Agencies• Committee of Public Information• Issued propaganda in support of
the war• Films, songs, campaigns, etc.• Promoted fear of foreigners-
sedition and espionage• Anti-war = Anti-American?
Anti-War = Anti- America
• Violence against anti-war people• Union (IWW) members arrested
beaten• Vigilantes & Lynching- Robert
Prager– German Measles = Liberty measles– Hamburger = Liberty sandwich– French Fries = Freedom fries?
• No Mozart or German Music• Literacy test for immigrants
The End of the War
This will come into play again and again and again
Wilson’s 14 Points
• Presidents Wilson’s idea to end the war, bring peace for the long term
• Based on self-determination and little retribution
• England & France- more interested in revenge
• Most of 14 points thrown out, except League of Nations
• Wilson leaves peace talks before Treaty signed
Treaty of Versailles 1919• Ends war• England and France make Germany
pay• Germany must:• Pay reparations $33 Billion• Give Up Colonies• Give Up Military• Gove up land between Germany &
France• Must take the blame for starting the
war
US Isolationism
• Europe was constantly fighting• US lost soldiers• Leads to no involvement w/Europe• US denies League of Nations• Wilson dies• America stays our of European
affairs
US Isolationism $$
• Europe messed up after the war
• US farms & industries take advantage
• US becomes economic powerhouse–Europe owes US mass $$ (+$11.5 billion)
• US established as a world power
End of the War at Home
• Soldiers return home need jobs• Causes unrest- women and
minorities were pushed out of jobs
• Europeans were messed up and buying less
• US industries sell less and less, workers start to get fired, the cycle…