The World of Islam

Chapter 26

The Ottoman Empire

Fall of the Byzantine Empire

• By the 1400’s the Byzantine Empire was failing

• The Ottomans, a nomadic group, migrated into this region and conquered Constantinople, the Byzantine capital

• Constantinople was renamed Istanbul

• By the 1500’s the Ottomans had created the largest empire in the Middle East and Europe

Ottoman Empire

Great Ottoman Sultans

• Sultan – Arabic word for Strength or Power

• Osman I – 1299-1324 – Ottoman Empire named after him

• Mehmed II – 1451-1481 – Ruled twice & Conquered Constantinople

• Suleyman I – 1520-1566 – Longest ruling Sultan

• Mehmed IIFATİH (The Conqueror)– Conquered Constantinople in

1453– Converted Hagia Sofia, Christian

Church into Muslim Mosque

• Suleyman IMUHTEŞEM (The Magnificent) or KANÛNÎ (The Lawgiver)– Find 5 Accomplishments in the

textbook

The Ottomans were:•Turkish (capital Istanbul)

•Muslim•The largest empire in the world

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Government

• Empire reigned 600 years, until end WWI

• Sultan – led with absolute power• Men of the Pen – lawyers,

scientists, doctors education was valued!

• Men of the Sword – military leaders skilled strategists!

What was the source of Ottoman power?

1. Control of Trade

•Location on the east/west trade route

•Control of the Waterways

2. Wealth from trade

3. Superior technology(the benefit of diffusion)

Five Ottoman Strengths:

1. Respected people they conquered (millett)

2. Fearless army

3. Always improved technology

4. Control Trade

5. Strong Leaders

Ottoman Strengths #1: Control of trade

•Europeans broke this strength by going around Africa and gaining control of trade.

Ottoman Strength #2: Wealth•Discovery of the New World leads to fantastic wealth for Europe from Aztec and Inca gold and silver.

http://www.coinset.com/CSdoubloon.htm

Ottoman Strength #3: Technology•The industrial revolution surpassed the Ottoman superiority in technology especially in production of guns and munitions and other products necessary for war.

The Empire Ends

Three reasons:

1. Nationalism: People ruled by the Ottomans wanted independence.

•Europeans: Serbs, Croats, Bulgarians, Greeks.

•Arabs

2. European Imperialism:

•Industrial revolution caused a need for raw materials

•European industries wanted new markets

•Large navies developed by Europe to control trade

3. Competition between European nations led to WWI in 1914

The Ottomans sided with Germany and lost.

The Arab territories were divided up between Great Britain and France.

Turkey became a republic

The Balfour Declaration•Great Britain promised the same land to the Jews and the Palestinian Arabs.

The Balfour Declaration• Great Britain promised the same

land to the Jews and the Palestinian Arabs.Setting the stage:

GB: land to wealthy Arabs in cities wealthy Arabs sold land to wealthy Jews migrating to Europe Many Arab peasants left homeless Palestinian resentment/conflict

Processing ActivityUsing your notes, summarize the history of the Ottoman Empire. What empire did they conquer? What gave them their strength? How did they end? How did the end of the empire set the stage for the modern Israeli conflict?

p. 580

Homework ?*Complete 26.3 chart

Patterns of Life – page 580Village1. sheep and goats2. Setup near water

(river, oasis, coast, lake)

3. Farming – wheat olives

4. Men and women, specialize jobs

Nomadic1. Moved from oasis

to oasis2. Lived with few

resources3. Fights all the time4. known and

Bedouins*

City1. Protected by high

walls 2. many cities

developed3. suq (markets)4. mosque

Family (more important than individual)

1. Patriarchal – controlled or ruled by men/ Matriarchal- women

2. Arranged marriage3. Divorce easier for

men (3 times)4. Men can have 4

wives- provide equally

5. Children must obey their parents

Women• Had to obey

fathers -> husband -> oldest son (Subordinate)

• Modest and secluded within home

• Wore certain clothing- veiled face (custom from India)

• Education• Right to own

property

Conclusion

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