Things that we are familiar with are made of atoms.

What are atoms made of?

Carbon is made up ofCarbon atoms.

Atoms of carbon make up the elementCarbon. (pure)

Compounds are madeWhen 2 or more elementsAre combined in a specificratio. (mixed)

Covalent bonds share electrons.This is a single covalent bond sharing 2 electrons. Double

covalent bonds share 4 electrons.

Covalent bonds like Co-workers share items.

Ionic bonding is when one atom looses an Electron to another atom. Like when I take myBrothers ice cream I want it all. Then he comesAfter me! Ionic I want it!

Covalent bondIonic bond

Which is which…match term to picture

What type of bonding does water have?

How do you know?

Water is made of H2O

___hydrogen atoms

&

___oxygen atom

Water - H2O

2 positively charged Hydrogen atoms

1 negatively charged oxygen atom

What can you discover about watersbonding by using water models?

Water molecules have polar covalent bonding.One end is positive and one end is negative.This gives water some interesting abilities.

1 negatively charged oxygen atom

2 positively charged Hydrogen atoms

It’s a great solvent

Water can do amazing things! •Solvent•High surface tension•Less dense as a solid than a liquid•Holds heat

Water acts as a solvent and can Transport solutes.

• ________: what the solute

dissolves in. Example = water

•_______: the substance that gets

dissolved. Example = sugar

• solvent: what the solute

dissolves in. Example = water

•solute: the substance that gets

dissolved. Example = sugar

Water has high _____________allowing insect to walk on water due to cohesion and adhesion.

Water has ______ ________ ______

(one end of the molecule is positive one negative)Like a magnet and opposites attract.

• 2 properties of water– Cohesion: attraction

between molecules of the same substance. Water sticks to water.

– Adhesion: attraction between unlike molecules. Water sticks to almost anything that is not water.

Water has Polar Covalent Bonding(one end of the molecule is positive one negative)

Like a magnet and opposites attract.

• 2 properties of water– Cohesion: attraction

between molecules of the same substance. Water sticks to water.

– Adhesion: attraction between unlike molecules. Water sticks to almost anything that is not water.

Most liquids become more dense and sinkWhen they become solid.

Where does solid water go (ice) when it starts to form on a lakes and oceans?

What would happen if water sank when it Turned into ice?

Water Holds Immense Amounts of Heat

Forecasts for San Diego and Gallup, 1/11/06 – 1/15/06

Water’s high heat capacity has profound effects on climate and ecology.

Water’s ability to hold heat can affect the Climate and ecology.

Your body is 65 percent water!Your blood is over 90% water!

Why do we needso much water?

Animals loose water by Animals gain water by

–Urinating -Drinking

–Sweating - Absorbing it through

–Breathing skin (frogs)

What do we use water for?

Essential uses of water in animals

• Cooling• Chemical reactions• Transport food and

waste• Makes up most of

blood, lymph, and other body fluids.

Plants depend on water.

Plants use water for– Photosynthesis

– Chemical reactions

– Transportation

– And transpiration

Plants loose water

by transpiration

Plants absorb water

through their roots

Plants lose water through transpiration

Plants gain water by absorbing it through their roots

Foods rich in water are juicy!

• Soup• Fruit• Vegetables

Drinking a liter or water a day should keep you hydrated.

Use page 43 in PH Bio for ph scale.

More definitions

• Solution: 2 substances chemically combined.

• suspension: 2 substances physically mixed but separate.