tissues 1. tissues are: group of cells similar in structure an function tissues are organized into...
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Tissues
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Tissues are:Group of cells similar in structure an functionTissues are organized into organsHistology = study of tissues
The four tissue types are:EpithelialConnectiveMuscularNervous
Tissues and tissue types
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Physical protectionSecretionSensory perceptionAbsorptionFiltrationExcretion
Functions of epithelium
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Includes glands and epitheliumGlands are secretory
AvascularPolarityRegenerationCellularitySupported by connective tissue
Attached to a basement membrane
Epithelial tissue
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Ciliated MicrovilliStereociliaFlagella
Specializations of epithelium
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Number of cell layersSimpleStratified
Shape of apical surface cellsSquamousCuboidalColumnar
Classification of epithelia
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Cuboidal Epithelia
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Cuboidal Epithelia
Figure 4.4b
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Transitional Epithelium
Figure 4.4c
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Columnar Epithelia
Figure 4.5a
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Columnar Epithelia
Figure 4.5b
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Columnar Epithelia
Figure 4.5c
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Epithelium that secrete substancesExocrine glands
Secrete through ducts onto the surface of the gland
Endocrine glandsRelease hormones into surrounding fluid.
Ductless glands.
Glandular epithelia
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Part 2
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Connective Tissues
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ProtectsSupportsBind tissues together
Classification:Embryonic
MesenchymeLoose connective tissue, mucous
Adult
Connective tissue functions and classification:
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A Classification of Adult Connective Tissues
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No free surfaceVascular
Scanty in tendonsExcept cartilage
Supports the bodyMaintain body form
Connective tissues characteristics
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1)Extracellular matrixGround substance
AmorphousBinds cells to fibersColorless HomogeneousLiquid, semisolid, gel-like, or hard
Components of the connective tissue
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Matrix
FibersCollagen (white)
Most abundantBrings flexibility and strength to the
tissueThicker one
Elastic (yellow)Brings elasticity to the tissuesCan stretch and recoil
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ReticularThinnest oneFound in smooth muscle and framework of the
organsBrings flexibility to organs that need changes
in volume
Fibers
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2) CellsFibroblast
most abundantSynthesis of fibers and ground substance
MacrophagePhagocytic capacity
Components of the connective tissue
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AdipocytesClosely packedSignet ring cellNucleus eccentric and flatMesenchymal cells
Mast cellsReleases histaminResponsible for allergic reactions
Lymphocytes, etc
Components of the connective tissue
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The Cells and Fibers of Connective Tissue Proper
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Classified as loose or denseLooseAreolar tissueAdipose tissueReticular tissueRich blood supply
Connective tissue proper
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Connective tissue proper
DenseDense regular Dense irregular Elastic Poor blood supply
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Connective Tissue in Embryos
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Dense Connective Tissues
Figure 4.12a
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Dense Connective Tissues
Figure 4.12b
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Dense Connective Tissues
Figure 4.12c
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Has osteocytes and osteoblastsLacunaLittle ground substanceDense mineralized matrixRichly Vascularized
Bone, or osseous tissue
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Bone
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Part 3
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Supporting connective tissues: Cartilage
Cells called chondrocytes or chondroblasts
Cells found in lacunaeFirm matrixAvascularThree types: hyaline, elastic,
fibrocartilage
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Types of Cartilage
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Types of Cartilage
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Types of Cartilage
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• Blood– Red blood cells, white blood cells and
platelets– Plasma is the fluid matrix
Fluid connective tissues
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Formed Elements of the Blood
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Specialized for contractionThree types
SkeletalCardiacSmooth
Muscle tissue
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Cells are multinucleate, long, cylindricalPresence of striation Voluntary muscle
Skeletal muscle
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Muscle Tissue - Skeletal
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Cells: Long,1 or 2 nucleusBranching cells
Intercalated discsPresence of striationInvoluntary muscle
Cardiac muscle
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Muscle Tissue - Cardiac
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CellsFusiformOne central nucleus
Non-striated Involuntary muscleForms the wall of hollow organs
Smooth muscle tissue
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Muscle Tissue - Smooth
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