topic: early rome the great imitation…. compare the etruscans to the roman republic etruscansrome...
TRANSCRIPT
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Topic: Early Rome The Great Imitation…
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Compare The EtruscansTo the Roman Republic• Etruscans Rome
• S
• P
• R
• I
• T
• E
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Etruscans
• The Etruscans took over the Latin's in 800 B.C. Not to be confused with Latin America. To be called Later Latins by the Europeans– A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled
over the Latins
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Italian Peninsula Powers
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Very Early Similarities to Future Rome
• The Etruscans took over the Latin's in 800 B.C. Rome is still 300 years away!!!– A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled
over the Latin's– The king kept a Latin advisory council
called the Senate
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Etruscans Politics
– A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over the Latin's
– The king kept a Latin advisory council called the Senate
• The Senate was made up of land owners or Patricians.
• The common people were known as Plebeians.
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Etruscans
• The Etruscans Created the Senate • The Senate was made up of land
owners or Patricians.
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Etruscan Treasures see similarities to Rome?
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Eventually…
The Tarquin (Etruscan Family) Dynasty was overthrown.
Rome forms its own government.
But first….
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Roman Beginnings…
“Rome” started with the
Latin Tribe on the Italian Peninsula
in the Tiber River Valley around 2000 B.C.E.
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Rome’s Creation Legend
What does a creation myth or legend reveal about the values of its citizens?
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The Creation Legend
• Romulus and Remus were twin brothers. They were abandoned by their parents as babies and put into a basket that was then placed into the River Tiber. The basket ran aground and the twins were discovered by a female wolf. The wolf nursed the babies before they were found by a shepherd. The shepherd then brought up the twins.
• When the twins became adults, they decided to found a city where the wolf had found them. The brothers quarreled over where the site should be and Remus was killed by his brother. This left Romulus the sole founder of the new city and he gave his name to it – Rome. The date given for the founding of Rome is 753 BC.
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The Roman Republic: 509 BCE
Republic: Citizens elect representatives to run the
government.
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The Republic
• Established in 509 B.C.
• Gives each “tribe” of Rome representation in the government.
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The Republic
• Uses two different branches to run the government
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The Roman Republic
Senate
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The Roman Republic
Senate Consuls
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The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
Consuls
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The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
300 Members
Consuls
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The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
300 Members
-Proposed Laws
Consuls
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The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
300 Members
-Proposed Laws
-Lifetime Terms
Consuls
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The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
300 Members
-Proposed Laws
-Lifetime Terms
-Nominated Consuls
Consuls
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The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
300 Members
-Proposed Laws
-Lifetime Terms
-Nominated Consuls
-Consuls appoint vacancies
Consuls
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The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
300 Members
-Proposed Laws
-Lifetime Terms
-Nominated Consuls
-Consuls appoint vacancies
ConsulsChief Executive
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The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
300 Members
-Proposed Laws
-Lifetime Terms
-Nominated Consuls
-Consuls appoint vacancies
ConsulsChief Executive
Two Positions
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The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
300 Members
-Proposed Laws
-Lifetime Terms
-Nominated Consuls
-Consuls appoint vacancies
ConsulsChief Executive
Two Positions
-One year terms (to limit their power)
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The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
300 Members
-Proposed Laws
-Lifetime Terms
-Nominated Consuls
-Consuls appoint vacancies
ConsulsChief Executive
Two Positions
-One year terms (to limit their power)
-During war time one is chosen to act as dictator
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But…
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But…
Only Patricians could be part of the government.
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Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights
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Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights
• 509B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office
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Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights
• 509B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office
• 494B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes
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Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights
• 509B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office
• 494B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes
• 451B.C. - Twelve Tables created: Ensuring the right to protection of the law for all Roman citizens
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Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights
• 509B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office
• 494B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes
• 451B.C. - Twelve Tables created: Ensuring the right to protection of the law for all Roman citizens
• 287B.C. - Plebeian Assembly evolves into the Popular Assembly with near equal status to the Senate (think of house of Lords and CommonsSenate House of Representatives.
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Rome Expands…
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Rome Expands…
• North - Took over the Etruscans. They were Taught, mentored, loved and influenced more so than anyone… But they overthrew the Etruscans!!!!
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Rome Expands…
• North - Took over the Etruscans
• South - Took over the Greeks
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Rome Expands…
By 270B.C.E Rome ruled all of central and southern Italy
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Punic Wars
• Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome
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Punic Wars
• Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome
• First War: 241B.C. - Sicily
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Punic Wars
• Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome
• First War: 241B.C. - Sicily– Carthage controlled part
of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer
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Punic Wars
• Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome
• First War: 241B.C. - Sicily– Carthage controlled part
of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer
– Fought by ships
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Punic Wars
• Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome
• First War: 241B.C. - Sicily– Carthage controlled part
of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer
– Fought by ships – Rome won!
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Hannibal
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Hannibal
• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome
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Hannibal
• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome – Through Iberian Peninsula,
through Gaul and over the Alps
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Hannibal
• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome – Through Iberian Peninsula,
through Gaul and over the Alps
– Losing half of his men
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Hannibal
• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome – Through Iberian Peninsula,
through Gaul and over the Alps
– Losing half of his men
• Rome attacks North Africa
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Hannibal
• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome – Through Iberian Peninsula,
through Gaul and over the Alps
– Losing half of his men
• Rome attacks North Africa– Hannibal returns to Africa
to defend Carthage
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Hannibal
• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome – Through Iberian Peninsula,
through Gaul and over the Alps
– Losing half of his men
• Rome attacks North Africa– Hannibal returns to Africa
to defend Carthage– He is defeated at Zama (50
miles from Carthage) in 202B.C.
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Third Punic War
• 199B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally
• Rome gets annoyed with Carthage and they destroy the city of Carthage
• Therefore Rome controls all Carthaginian land
North Africa = Roman Province
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Rome before the wars…
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Rome after the Punic Wars…
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Roman Map
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Roman Empire
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Roman Empire
Expanding across the Mediterranean brought many
changes to Rome…
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Expansion under the Republic
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Expansion under the Republic
• Rome expanded to…– 146 B.C. Macedonia
and Greece
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Expansion under the Republic
• Rome expanded to…– 146 B.C. Macedonia
and Greece– 133 B.C. Asia Minor
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Expansion under the Republic
• Rome expanded to…– 146 B.C. Macedonia
and Greece– 133 B.C. Asia Minor– 100 B.C. Middle East
and Egypt
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Expansion under the Republic
• Rome expanded to…– 146 B.C. Macedonia
and Greece– 133 B.C. Asia Minor– 100 B.C. Middle East
and Egypt
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
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Expansion under the Republic
• Rome expanded to…– 146 B.C. Macedonia
and Greece– 133 B.C. Asia Minor– 100 B.C. Middle East
and Egypt
MEDITERRANEAN SEA = MARE NOSTRUM
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Expansion under the Republic
• Rome expanded to…– 146 B.C. Macedonia
and Greece– 133 B.C. Asia Minor– 100 B.C. Middle East
and Egypt
MEDITERRANEAN SEA = MARE NOSTRUM
“OUR SEA”
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End of the Republic
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End of the Republic
Senate became too powerful and the army was doing all the
work…
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Enter: Julius Caesar
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Enter: Julius Caesar
• Popular General
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Enter: Julius Caesar
• Popular General– Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome
took over Gaul
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Enter: Julius Caesar
• Popular General– Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome
took over Gaul
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate
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Enter: Julius Caesar
• Popular General– Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome
took over Gaul
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy)
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Enter: Julius Caesar
• Popular General– Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome
took over Gaul
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) – Overthrew the Senate
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Enter: Julius Caesar
• Popular General– Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome
took over Gaul
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) – Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)
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Enter: Julius Caesar
• Popular General– Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome
took over Gaul
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) – Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)– Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans
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Enter: Julius Caesar
• Popular General– Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome
took over Gaul
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) – Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)– Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans– Adjusted taxes
![Page 76: Topic: Early Rome The Great Imitation…. Compare The Etruscans To the Roman Republic EtruscansRome S P R I T E](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55145045550346494e8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Enter: Julius Caesar
• Popular General– Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome
took over Gaul
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) – Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)– Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans– Adjusted taxes (taxed rich more than the
poor)
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Julius Caesar
• Became a dictator
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Julius Caesar
• Became a dictator
• All powerful
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Julius Caesar
• Became a dictator
• All powerful
• According to the Senate…
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Julius Caesar
• Became a dictator
• All powerful
• According to the Senate…– He was too powerful!
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Julius Caesar
• Became a dictator
• All powerful
• According to the Senate…– He was too powerful!
Senate assassinates/murders
Julius Caesar
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Octavian & Mark Antony
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Octavian & Mark Antony
• Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators
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Octavian & Mark Antony
• Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators
• Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West
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Octavian & Mark Antony
• Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators
• Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West
• Octavian = Western Empire and Rome
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Octavian & Mark Antony
• Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators
• Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West
• Octavian = Western Empire and Rome
• Mark Antony = Eastern Empire and Egypt
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Mark Antony & Cleopatra
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Mark Antony & Cleopatra
• Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne
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Mark Antony & Cleopatra
• Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne
• She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian
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Mark Antony & Cleopatra
• Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne
• She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian
• Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula)
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Mark Antony & Cleopatra
• Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne
• She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian
• Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula)
• Octavian wins
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Mark Antony & Cleopatra
• Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne
• She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian
• Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula)
• Octavian wins• Cleopatra and Mark Antony commit
suicide
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Augustus Caesar
• Octavian is named emperor by the Senate
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Augustus Caesar
• Octavian is named emperor by the Senate– Augustus “the majestic”
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Augustus Caesar
• Octavian is named emperor by the Senate– Augustus “the majestic”
The Roman Empire is born!
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Pax Romana (Roman Peace)
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Augustus
• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)
• 200 years of peace
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Augustus
• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)
• Concentrated on building the empire from within…
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Augustus
• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)
• Concentrated on building the empire from within…– Adjusted taxes
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Augustus
• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)
• Concentrated on building the empire from within…– Adjusted taxes– Public works
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Augustus
• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)
• Concentrated on building the empire from within…– Adjusted taxes– Public works
• Lack of corruption
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Augustus
• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)
• Concentrated on building the empire from within…– Adjusted taxes– Public works
• Lack of corruption• Encouraged large
Roman families
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Roman Trade
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Decline of the Roman Empire
180A.D.
End of Marcus Aurelius’ reign
A series of leader came after - did not lead well, were brutal
Hostile tribes outside of Rome begin to threaten trade routes
Raising of taxes
Inflation from overproduction of less valued coinage
Decreasing Population -harvests declined (less fertile land) -slave labor = no new technology -disease and starvation
Barbarians invading
Rome hire mercenaries to fight = lack of loyalty
Political office no longer an honor = costs to lead
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Causes of the Decline of Rome
• Rome’s economy declines.
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Causes of the Decline of Rome
• Rome’s economy declines.
• Rome faces military upheaval.
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Causes of the Decline of Rome
• Rome’s economy declines.
• Rome faces military upheaval.
• Roman politics decay.
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Causes of the Decline of Rome
• Rome’s economy declines.
• Rome faces military upheaval.
• Roman politics decay.
• Bigger gap between the rich and poor.
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Causes of the Decline of Rome
• Rome’s economy declines.
• Rome faces military upheaval.
• Roman politics decay.
• Bigger gap between the rich and poor.
Rome splits into East and West
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation
![Page 113: Topic: Early Rome The Great Imitation…. Compare The Etruscans To the Roman Republic EtruscansRome S P R I T E](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55145045550346494e8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military
![Page 115: Topic: Early Rome The Great Imitation…. Compare The Etruscans To the Roman Republic EtruscansRome S P R I T E](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55145045550346494e8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes
![Page 116: Topic: Early Rome The Great Imitation…. Compare The Etruscans To the Roman Republic EtruscansRome S P R I T E](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55145045550346494e8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes– Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers
![Page 117: Topic: Early Rome The Great Imitation…. Compare The Etruscans To the Roman Republic EtruscansRome S P R I T E](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55145045550346494e8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes– Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers– Low funds for defense
![Page 118: Topic: Early Rome The Great Imitation…. Compare The Etruscans To the Roman Republic EtruscansRome S P R I T E](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55145045550346494e8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes– Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers– Low funds for defense
• Political
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes– Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers– Low funds for defense
• Political– Division of the empire
![Page 120: Topic: Early Rome The Great Imitation…. Compare The Etruscans To the Roman Republic EtruscansRome S P R I T E](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55145045550346494e8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes– Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers– Low funds for defense
• Political– Division of the empire– Political office seen as a burden, not an honor
![Page 121: Topic: Early Rome The Great Imitation…. Compare The Etruscans To the Roman Republic EtruscansRome S P R I T E](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55145045550346494e8b50ca/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes– Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers– Low funds for defense
• Political– Division of the empire– Political office seen as a burden, not an honor
• Social
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes– Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers– Low funds for defense
• Political– Division of the empire– Political office seen as a burden, not an honor
• Social– Lack of confidence in the empire
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Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes– Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers– Low funds for defense
• Political– Division of the empire– Political office seen as a burden, not an honor
• Social– Lack of confidence in the empire– Decline in interest of political affairs