PN 500-0296 72A-1847 Rev B. 11/05

TransWin User Guide

Doble Engineering Company 85 Walnut Street

Watertown, Massachusetts 02472-4037 (USA)

Telephone: (617) 926-4900

Fax: (617) 926-0528 www.doble.com

TransWin User Guide

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NOTICE

This Manual is the sole property of the Doble Engineering Company (Doble) and, along with the TransWin® software to which it applies, is provided for the exclusive use of Doble Clients under contractual agreement for Doble Test equipment and services.

In no event does the Doble Engineering Company assume the liability for any technical or editorial errors of commission, or omission; nor is Doble liable for direct, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use this Manual.

This manual is protected by copyright, all rights reserved. Note, however, that permission to photocopy or to reproduce any part or parts of the manual is granted to a Doble Client or customer under the terms and conditions of a ProTesT Software License Agreement granted to said Client or customer.

Copyright © 2005 By Doble Engineering Company

All Rights Reserved

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Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Getting Started .............................................................................................. 1

1.1 Hardware Requirements ........................................................................................ 1 1.1.1 F2000 & F6000 Power System Simulators....................................................... 1 1.1.2 Computer.......................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Software Installation ............................................................................................... 1

1.2.1 Starting TransWin............................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 Startup.............................................................................................................. 2

1.3 COMTRADE Files ................................................................................................. 2

Chapter 2. Menus and Toolbar....................................................................................... 3

2.1 View Space for Transient Playback........................................................................ 3

2.2 Cursor Position....................................................................................................... 3

2.2.1 Coarse Positioning ........................................................................................... 4 2.2.2 Fine Positioning................................................................................................ 4 2.2.3 Cursor Color ..................................................................................................... 4 2.2.4 Data Readout ................................................................................................... 4

2.3 Data Properties ...................................................................................................... 4

2.3.1 Hide Data Properties ........................................................................................ 4 2.3.2 Restore Data Properties................................................................................... 4

2.4 Tool Bar.................................................................................................................. 5

2.5 Menu Bar................................................................................................................ 5

Chapter 3. Transient Playback ........................................................................................ 9

3.1 Open a COMTRADE File ....................................................................................... 9

3.2 Examine Data Properties ....................................................................................... 9

3.2.1 General Tab................................................................................................. 9 3.2.2 Display Tab....................................................................................................... 9 3.2.3 Colors ............................................................................................................... 9

3.2.3.1 Channel Waveform Colors........................................................................ 9 3.2.3.2 Color Scheme........................................................................................... 9

3.2.4 Cursor Type .................................................................................................... 10 3.2.5 XGrid Count .................................................................................................... 10 3.2.6 Select Channels.............................................................................................. 10 3.2.7 Superimpose Channels................................................................................... 10

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3.2.8 Hide Properties............................................................................................... 10 3.2.9 Analog Tab..................................................................................................... 10 3.2.10 Digital Tab .................................................................................................... 10

3.3 Prepare Test Data ................................................................................................ 11

3.3.1 Select Channels for Playback......................................................................... 11 3.3.2 Set Channel Colors ........................................................................................ 11 3.3.3 Position the Cursors ....................................................................................... 11 3.3.4 Remove Data ................................................................................................. 11 3.3.5 Insert Prefault or Postfault Data ..................................................................... 11 3.3.6 Insert Waveform Segment.............................................................................. 11 3.3.7 Undo............................................................................................................... 12

3.4 Assign Channels and Timers for F2000 and F6000 ............................................. 12

3.4.1 Communication Setup .................................................................................... 12 3.4.2 F6 Sources Configuration............................................................................... 12 3.4.3 Assign Channels and Test Parameters .......................................................... 12 3.4.4 Analog Tab..................................................................................................... 12 3.4.5 Digital Tab ...................................................................................................... 13 3.4.6 Timers Tab ..................................................................................................... 14

3.4.6.1 Arm a Timer............................................................................................ 14 3.4.6.2 Sense Condition ..................................................................................... 14 3.4.6.3 Starting Sample ...................................................................................... 14 3.4.6.4 Test Result Criteria................................................................................. 14 3.4.6.5 Timer Name............................................................................................ 14

3.4.7 States Tab...................................................................................................... 14 3.4.8 Comments Tab............................................................................................... 15

3.5 Run the Test......................................................................................................... 15

3.5.1 Battery On/Off ................................................................................................ 15 3.5.2 Run................................................................................................................. 15 3.5.3 Run Continuously ........................................................................................... 15 3.5.4 Run Go-At ...................................................................................................... 15 3.5.5 Run Preset…Until........................................................................................... 15 3.5.6 Run State Transition....................................................................................... 15

Chapter 4. Analog Input Measurement (AIM)............................................................... 17

4.1 Recording only ..................................................................................................... 17

4.2 Configuring Analog Input Measurement Channels for Recording ........................ 18

4.2.1 Sample Frame................................................................................................ 18 4.2.2 Trigger Frame................................................................................................. 19

4.2.2.1 Source: Immediate ................................................................................. 19 4.2.2.2 Source: Preset State .............................................................................. 19 4.2.2.3 Source: Digital Input ............................................................................... 19

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4.2.2.4 Source: Source....................................................................................... 19 4.2.2.5 Source: Analog Input .............................................................................. 20 4.2.2.6 Source Enable ........................................................................................ 20

4.2.3 Channel Information (Info) Frame ................................................................... 21 4.2.3.1 Number................................................................................................... 21 4.2.3.2 Logic Output ........................................................................................... 21 4.2.3.3 Logic Input .............................................................................................. 22

4.3 Recording with a COMTRADE File ...................................................................... 26

4.4 Recording While Playing SSIMUL........................................................................ 26

Chapter 5. SSIMUL - STATE SIMULATION.................................................................. 27

5.1 Open SSIMUL ...................................................................................................... 27

5.2 Configure the SSIMUL Tab .................................................................................. 27

5.3 Ending a State...................................................................................................... 29

5.3.1 Using a Trigger to End a State ....................................................................... 29 5.3.2 Using an Event Type to End a State .............................................................. 29

5.4 Additional SSIMIL Macro Features....................................................................... 29

5.5 SSIMUL Phasor Display....................................................................................... 30

5.6 End-to-End Testing .............................................................................................. 31

5.7 Configure the Logic Out Tab ................................................................................ 32

5.8 Configure the Results Tab.................................................................................... 33

Appendix A COMTRADE Files...................................................................................... 35

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List of Figures Figure 1. TransWin Splash Screen.................................................................................. 2

Figure 2. Layout of TransWin Screen.............................................................................. 3

Figure 3. Source & Channel Assignments Screen ........................................................ 13

Figure 4. Digital Channel List Screen............................................................................ 13

Figure 5. AIM Configuration Option Screen................................................................... 17

Figure 6. AIM Configuration Interface Screen ............................................................... 18

Figure 7. F6150 Source Enabled Screen ...................................................................... 20

Figure 8. Logic Selection............................................................................................... 21

Figure 9. Logic Output................................................................................................... 22

Figure 10. Logic Input.................................................................................................... 22

Figure 11. Two Places to Enable the Logic Input for Recording.................................... 25

Figure 12. SSIMUL Option Screen................................................................................ 27

Figure 13. SSIMUL Test View Screen........................................................................... 28

Figure 14. SSIMUL Phasor Configuration ..................................................................... 30

Figure 15. Logic Out Screen ......................................................................................... 32

Figure 16. Results Tab Screen...................................................................................... 33

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Preface This manual is an introduction to TransWin®—Doble Engineering’s software for transient waveform testing. These test waveforms imported from COMTRADE data files are either created from the event records of digital fault recorders or digital relays, or they are output from fault simulation studies by power system model programs. Conventions Used in This Manual The following terms and typographical conventions are used in the manual:

Convention Description COMTRADE IEEE C37.111-1999: Common Format for Transient Data Exchange

(COMTRADE) for Power Systems Transient waveform A voltage or current waveform specified as point-by-point time domain

values, based on a specific sampling rate. Data approximate a continuous waveform, as contrasted with a steady state waveform, specified only by RMS amplitude and phase.

Windows Refers to the Microsoft® Windows™ operating system, such as Windows 98SE, Windows 2000, Windows XP, or Windows NT version 4.0 or higher.

Click Quickly press and release the left mouse button. Double-click Quickly press and release the left mouse button twice without moving

the mouse. Select Position the cursor on the desired option and click the left mouse

button once. Or highlight the desired option using the arrow keys and press <ENTER>.

Press Type a single keyboard key. For example, press <ENTER>. Edit | Add Prefault “|” indicates selection sequence in a dropdown list; e.g., select first

item from menu bar and second item from dropdown list. BOLD UPPERCASE Indicates the exact entry you are to enter. TEXT

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Chapter 1. Getting Started

1.1 Hardware Requirements 1.1.1 F2000 & F6000 Power System Simulators The TransWin software runs transient waveforms on the F2000, F2250 and F6000 family of power system simulators. The F2000 simulators require the F2860 Transient Waveform Generator option to play back transient waveforms. The F2250 simulators require the F2865 Transient Waveform Generator option to play back transient waveforms.

The TransWin software also runs Dynamic tests using the SSIMUL macro on the F6000 family of power system simulators. The F6000 simulators require the F6910 Simulator Control and Automation Module option to play back transient waveforms. The Analog Input Measurement (AIM) section requires F6150 or F6150A Power System Simulators equipped with the F6820. 1.1.2 Computer TransWin requires a PC-compatible computer with the following features:

• Intel Pentium or Intel compatible CPU, 300 MHz or faster recommended for acceptable performance.

• 64MB of RAM minimum. • 800x600 or higher resolution-VGA display adapter. • Windows 98SE, Windows 2000, Windows XP, or Windows NT version 4.0 or higher. • CD-ROM drive used to install the software. • At least 100MB of free disk space. • Pointing device such as a touch pad, mouse, or a track ball. • Serial port for communication to the F2000 and F6000 instruments.

Alternatively, communication to the F6000 CPU1 can use a PC network interface card using coaxial cable with a BNC-to-BNC Network port of the F-series power system simulator. The IP address is set by TRANSWIN. Communications to the F6000 CPU2 can use the 10/100 RJ45 with a CAT5 or better crossover cable.

1.2 Software Installation The TransWin software is delivered on a CD-ROM disk.

1. Insert the disk into the CD-ROM drive on your computer.

2. Open the CD-ROM drive with Windows Explorer, and execute the Setup.exe file in the D:\Transwin\Disk1 directory (where D:\ is the drive letter for the CD-ROM drive). To execute the setup file, double-click on the icon that appears or the entry on the drop-down list labeled Setup.exe.

3. Follow the on-screen directions. Note that you may change the installation directory, if

desired.

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Some sample COMTRADE records are included in the installation, so that it is possible to start using TransWin right away. 1.2.1 Starting TransWin On the task bar at the bottom of the Windows screen, click on Start (or press the Windows key on the keyboard, if there is one), and select Programs | TransWin. If desired, you can create a shortcut to TransWin and click on the desktop icon. 1.2.2 Startup At startup, TransWin momentarily displays a picture, called a splash screen, showing simulation testing (see Figure 1.) A main window appears with a File | Open dialog box. First, open a COMTRADE .cfg file to perform any actions in TransWin for transient playback. When a COMTRADE file is open, all channel traces appear, and TransWin becomes operational. For first time users, select any of the sample .cfg files to open.

Figure 1. TransWin Splash Screen

1.3 COMTRADE Files TransWin interprets file data that conform to IEEE C37.111-1999, Common Format for Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE) for Power Systems. TransWin also supports files in the older 1991 specification (IEEE C37.111-1991). For details on the files and file formats that define a COMTRADE record, refer to the IEEE specification. For convenience, a summary of the COMTRADE specification is included in Appendix A of this manual, showing the differences between the 1999 and the 1991 specification. For information on how to create COMTRADE files from DFR recordings or from power system modeling programs, refer to the specific manufacturer’s documentation.

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Chapter 2. Menus and Toolbar 2.1 View Space for Transient Playback As Figure 2 indicates, the view space initially shows all analog and digital channels contained in the COMTRADE recording, as shown on a horizontal time axis (the X Grid) in milliseconds. The channels appear from top down in order of their index number, as defined in the .cfg file. Using the Data Properties sheet, you can remove channels from the view space for clarity. You can select channels that remain in view for playback through both the F2000 and the F6000.

Figure 2. Layout of TransWin Screen

Note: On the view space, the overlay part of the Data Properties displays data readout of values selected by the Cursors. To see the data readout, click the Hide Properties button.

2.2 Cursor Position There are three cursors, Cursor1, Cursor2, and the Insert Cursor. Initially, only Cursor1 and Cursor2 appear visible: Cursor1 appears at the left end of the view space and Cursor2 appears at the right end of the view space. You can select an Insert Cursor to locate the sample at which to insert a selected part of a waveform. The Insert Cursor appears at the left end of the view space.

Data Properties View Space

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To move a cursor, place the mouse pointer over the cursor, hold down the left mouse button to select, and drag the cursor to a new position. Release the mouse button to stop cursor movement. 2.2.1 Coarse Positioning Use the mouse to drag a cursor. The amplitude and sample number appear in data readout areas you can see when you close the Data Properties window. (Click the Hide Properties button to close the Data Properties window.) 2.2.2 Fine Positioning Select the cursor with one mouse click. Use the left- and right-arrow keys to move the cursor one sample at a time; the Tab key - 10 samples at a time; and the Control key with the left- and right-arrow keys - 100 samples at a time. 2.2.3 Cursor Color To make the cursors more visible, select the Display tab on the Data Properties, and adjust the color and line quality. Dash-dot line quality may improve visibility. 2.2.4 Data Readout The right hand side of the view space shows the amplitude for each channel at the position of Cursor1 and Cursor2. The amplitudes appear in the same color as the cursor. In the lower right corner of the view space, the sample number selected by each cursor appears for Cursor1 and Cursor2—each number in the same color as its cursor. Hence, it is a good idea to use different colors for each cursor. If the Insert Cursor is selected, its value is likewise displayed.

The samples are identified in milliseconds (corresponding to the time axis), and as a sample number. Note: Data Properties hide the data readout; so click the Hide Properties button to view the data readout.

2.3 Data Properties

The Data Properties window appears when TransWin opens a COMTRADE record. There are four tabs that describe data shown in the view space; this data comes from the .cfg file. However, the property sheet overlays the right hand part of the view space thus hiding the amplitude, units, and sample number of individual data points selected by the left and right cursors. 2.3.1 Hide Data Properties To hide the properties, click the Hide Properties button, or right click the mouse to pop up a context menu, and click on Property to uncheck it. This reveals the right hand part of the view space. 2.3.2 Restore Data Properties To restore the data properties, right click the mouse, click Property to check it, and the property sheet reappears. Or, select Windows on the menu bar and click Properties.

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2.4 Tool Bar

File open. Display a file browse window for selecting a COMTRADE .cfg file. Save as COMTRADE file. Select Region. Position the crosshair cursor and, holding down the left mouse button, expand the rectangle to select a region of the view space. Use the Copy toolbar icon to save the image to the clipboard; for example, to paste into a document. Or, on the menu bar, select Edit and either Copy or Copy to File to save a .bmp image. Copy. Copies selected region to the clipboard. To save to a file, on the menu bar select Edit | Copy to File. Undo. Undoes previous signal inserts. Context dependent help. Currently not implemented.

2.5 Menu Bar File Menu Open Displays file open dialog to select a COMTRADE .cfg file.

Save Saves current file. Save As Saves COMTRADE files under a different name or in a different folder.

Close Close the current COMTRADE file.

Print Setup Allows you to select a printer for printing waveforms or reports.

Exit Recently used file list for fast selection of COMTRADE records.

Edit Menu Select Region

Activates region selection tool to select a region of the view space. Position crosshair cursor and expand the rectangle.

Copy If a region has been selected, it is copied to the Windows clipboard for pasting in another application.

Copy to File

A file browse dialog is displayed to save a selected region of the view space to a file.

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Select Cursor Position

First Cycle Positions Cursor1 and Cursor2 to enclose the first cycle in the recording.

Last Cycle Positions Cursor1 and Cursor2 to enclose the last cycle in the recording.

Trigger Positions Cursor2 at the trigger time declared in the .cfg file.

Remove Data

Removes data between Cursor1 and Cursor2.

Note: Remove cannot be recovered by Undo.

Add Prefault

Data values between Cursor1 and Cursor2 are inserted on the left side of the recording. A dialog asks how many repetitions to insert. Can be retracted by Undo.

Add Postfault

Data values between Cursor1 and Cursor2 are appended on the right of the recording. A dialog asks how many repetitions to append. Can be retracted by Undo.

Insert Signal

Position Insert Cursor

An Insert Cursor appears on the left hand edge of the recording. Drag it to the desired location to insert signal data.

Insert Signal

Copies waveform data between Cursor1 and Cursor2 and inserts it at the location of the Insert Cursor. A dialog asks how many repetitions to insert. After inserting the data, the Insert Cursor resets. To reuse the Insert Cursor, you must re-select it again.

Undo Signal Insert Undoes the last several insert operations; or use the toolbar Undo icon.

Set Sampling Rate

Modify the sampling rate; for a higher rate, intermediate points are interpolated.

Note: Setting a rate lower than the file sample rate is not recommended, as it may introduce distortions into the waveform.

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View Menu

Zoom Use the mouse to drag Cursor1 and Cursor2 to enclose a section of the view space and select Zoom to enlarge that section to full screen view. For inspection only, this does not affect channel playback.

UnZoom UnZoom restores the initial view space.

Configuration Menu

Communication Select instrument type, comm port or Ethernet connection, and associated parameters.

F2 Sources Configuration

Select source configuration for F2-enabled test instruments. Works only with a serial port.

AIM Configuration

Configures AIM channels for recording. Select F6 from Communication | Instrument Type to enable this option.

AIM Recorded Data

Sets the eight logic inputs to record in an analog or digital manner.

SSIMIL

F6 Sources Configuration

Select source configuration for the F6000 instruments. This option is disabled when F2 is selected in comm.

Sources and Timers

Assigns channels to sources on a one-to-one basis.

Test Menu Once you assign channels to F2000 and F6000 sources, it is

possible to run the waveforms through those sources.

Battery ON/OFF If the battery simulator is needed to energize the relay to test, turn the F2000 or the F6000 battery source ON.

Run Play channel waveforms one time through the F6000 sources.

Run Continuously

Play channel waveforms repeatedly, in a continuous loop.

Run – Go At The waveform is initiated at a GPS satellite time, and playback timing is synchronized with the GPS clock signal. Synchronizes satellite end-to-end testing.

Run Preset...Until This option is similar to Run State Transition, but starts the prefault state immediately and Go At starts at the fault state.

Run State Transition

Plays the states defined on the States tab of the Sources and Timers starting with the prefault state at Go-At time.

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Print Menu

Screen Output Prints what is displayed on the screen, including the visible view space, data properties, menu bar, and toolbar.

Waveform Prints only the view space, with waveforms, cursors, and value readout on the right.

Report Prepares a print preview documenting the test run on the F2000 and F6000 – COMTRADE file configuration data, F2000 and F6000 source assignments, timer setup, and any timed test results. You can print the report from the preview or save it as an html or a text file.

Report/Waveform Combines the two prior selections: Prints the waveforms and previews the test report.

Window Menu

Property Display or hide the data properties. Toolbar Display or hide the toolbar in order to increase the area of the

view space. The waveforms are rescaled to the new view space area.

Status Bar Display or hide the status bar; for example, to increase the area of the view space. The waveforms are rescaled to the new view space area.

Help Menu

Help Topics Displays TransWin User Guide About TransWin Displays version number of TransWin.

Right Click Menu When the mouse pointer is in the view space, right click pops up a context menu

Open File browse window to open a new COMTRADE .cfg file. Zoom Position Cursor1 and Cursor2 to encompass a time section of the

waveform display and select Zoom to enlarge that section to full screen view.

UnZoom UnZoom restores the initial waveform display. Property Restores or hides the data properties sheet.

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Chapter 3. Transient Playback

3.1 Open a COMTRADE File Use the File | Open command to select a COMTRADE .cfg file, and open the COMTRADE record. The View Space displays all the channels. Examine the data properties to understand what the waveforms represent.

3.2 Examine Data Properties The data property sheet has four tabs. 3.2.1 General Tab This is read-only information from the .cfg file that includes the station name, number of analog and digital channels, date of recording, start time and trigger time. The Line Frequency, Sample Rate, and Number of Samples are important for testing. 3.2.2 Display Tab When first using TransWin, it is important to configure background and grid colors, cursor colors, and cursor line quality (Cursor Type), to make the view space more easily readable. Use the Display tab to remove or add channels to the view space, depending on what playback you desire. 3.2.3 Colors Click a color button to pop up a color dialog box for that item. Select a basic color or a custom color from the expanded color dialog. Select colors with care, because of foreground/background interference that can easily make the view space unreadable. First select background and grid colors; then, select cursor and units colors. Make the cursors distinctively different in color, with good contrast to the background. Also choose a line quality as Cursor Type. .

3.2.3.1 Channel Waveform Colors Set Channel waveform colors individually on the Analog or Digital tab.

3.2.3.2 Color Scheme You can save Color selections for channels in one of the predefined schemes. Select the scheme number and click the <SAVE> button to overwrite any previous selection for analog and digital channel colors. Note, however, that the colors for cursors, background, grid, and units are global values. They are saved and remain in effect from one execution of TransWin to another. Note: When printing a waveform, set the background color to white; otherwise, the printout will be very black.

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3.2.4 Cursor Type You can change the line quality of the cursors to improve visibility. A dash or a dash-dot combination may make the cursors more visible. 3.2.5 XGrid Count Change the number of x-axis divisions to the right of the origin by entering a number from 1 to 100. Click the Apply button. A value of 1 is minimum, and any value larger than 100 is not useful. 3.2.6 Select Channels Summary check boxes select all Analog or Digital channels for the view space. Uncheck these boxes to remove all channels, and then select individual channels for display in the scroll window underneath. Click the Apply button for the selections to take effect. Note that individual channels are labeled analog (A) or digital (D), and the channel name is given. Unchecked channels do not appear in the view space, but are not deleted from the file. Recheck the box and click <Apply> to restore these channels to view. 3.2.7 Superimpose Channels Use these check boxes to superimpose the selected voltage channels into one composite trace; similarly for current channels. Check or uncheck these boxes and click <Apply>. 3.2.8 Hide Properties Click this button to hide the property sheet. Use the right click menu to restore it. 3.2.9 Analog Tab Properties of each analog channel appear one at a time. The channels appear in graph index order, as defined in the .cfg file. The index number is shown. To step through the channels, one at a time, click the large arrow keys, forward or backward. The stepping wraps around between top and bottom.

Note: The selected channel is marked on the right margin by a “<” symbol. As you click the large arrow keys, the “<” symbol moves to the adjacent channel. The channel scale factors and maximum/minimum values appear. A color button allows the waveform color to change. A check box allows you to remove or restore the channel to the view space.

3.2.10 Digital Tab Properties of each digital channel appear one at a time. Click the large arrow keys to step through the digital channels, the same as for the analog channels. The selected digital channel is marked by a second “<” symbol. You can modify the color of the channel waveform and remove the channel by unchecking the check box, the same as for analog channels.

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3.3 Prepare Test Data

3.3.1 Select Channels for Playback On the Data Properties Display tab, select the channels you will use for test playback. If there are many channels in the COMTRADE record, and only a few are to be used for the test, uncheck the “Select All” check boxes, and then check only individual channels. For example, it may be sufficient to play back only 3 voltage and 3 current channels, leaving out any digital channels or neutral analog channels, if the relay being tested would not see those signals in service. 3.3.2 Set Channel Colors On the Data Properties Analog and Digital tabs, make any changes to the channel color, to enhance visibility against the background color in the view space. Click the arrow buttons to step through each channel. 3.3.3 Position the Cursors Use Cursor1 and Cursor2 to encompass part of the waveforms of all channels. Initially, Cursor1 is at the left border and Cursor2 is at the right border of the view space. Select a cursor with the left mouse button and drag it to some point on the waveform. Use the left-arrow and right-arrow keys for fine-tuning the position. (Hide the Data Properties to see the time position readout on the lower right.) 3.3.4 Remove Data Select Edit | Remove on the Menu bar to remove the selected section of the waveforms. This removes all data between Cursor1 and Cursor2 from the view space. Use this to remove excessive cycles of prefault or postfault data, or to reduce the duration of the recorded fault.

3.3.5 Insert Prefault or Postfault Data To add a selected section of the waveforms as either prefault or postfault data from the Menu bar, select Edit | Add Prefault or Edit | Add Postfault. A dialog box asks how many repetitions to add. Enter a number and click OK. The prefault or postfault waveform is extended with the inserted waveform. Use this to create additional prefault time to allow the relay to initialize, or to provide plausible reset or reclose conditions. 3.3.6 Insert Waveform Segment To insert the selected section of the waveforms at any position in the channel recording, use the Insert Cursor. On the menu bar, select Edit | Insert Signal | Position Insert Cursor. The Insert Cursor appears on the left hand edge of the view space. Select it with the left mouse button and drag it to some point on the waveform. Use the left-arrow and right-arrow keys for fine-tuning the position. Then select Edit | Insert Signal | Insert Signal and enter the number of repetitions desired. The waveform segment bounded by Cursor1 and Cursor2 is inserted and repeated. For example, use this to copy the fault condition and insert it in the postfault area to simulate a reclose onto fault condition, or to extend the duration of the recorded fault.

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3.3.7 Undo Inserting a waveform segment may produce an unexpected result. To undo an inserted action, click the Undo button on the toolbar or on the menu bar and then select the Edit | Undo Insert Signal.

3.4 Assign Channels and Timers for F2000 and F6000

3.4.1 Communication Setup On the Menu bar, select Configuration | Communication, and verify the connection to the F2000 or F6000, serial port, or Ethernet parameters. 3.4.2 F6 Sources Configuration Use the Preset–Configuration dropdown list to select the desired Doble source configuration; e.g., 3 voltages and 3 currents, 3 voltages and 3 transient currents, or 3 voltages and one 450VA high current source. Sources and ranges are then displayed in a source table. Select a name for each source; e.g., I1, I2, and I3 for currents, VR, VS, and VT for voltages. Analog channels will be assigned to these Doble sources for playback. 3.4.3 Assign Channels and Test Parameters On the Menu bar, select Configuration | Sources and Timers. Note that the assignment of channels to sources is one-to-one; that is, you can assign a channel to only one source. However, you do not have to assign all channels, and you do not have to use all Doble sources in a playback. 3.4.4 Analog Tab A table of sources and channel assignments appears (see Figure 3). To assign a channel to a Doble source, click on Channel Name in a source row. A selection button appears. On clicking this button, a list of suitable sources appears; e.g., for a voltage source, a list of voltage channels appears. Select a channel name to map to the Doble source.

TransWin recognizes a voltage or a current channel by the unit of that channel. The recognized unit names are: V, KV, A, and KA. To delete a channel assignment, select the row and click the Clear button. Click <OK> to apply and close the dialog box.

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Figure 3. Source & Channel Assignments Screen 3.4.5 Digital Tab Doble logical outputs are identified with a Doble analog source; e.g., VAL1 identifies Logic Output 1 for source VA. Click the Channel Name cell to see a dropdown list of selected digital channels that you can assign (see Figure 4). When you select a channel, the default state of the channel appears; e.g., 0 means normally open. If it is desirable to invert the logic signal, check the Invert box.

Figure 4. Digital Channel List Screen

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3.4.6 Timers Tab To set up a test, arm a timer on the Timers tab. During the playback, if you intend to time more than one event, select one timer for each event.

3.4.6.1 Arm a Timer There is one timer associated with each Doble source. To arm a timer, click a Timer Name cell and type a descriptive timer name such as Overcurrent Pickup. Timer units default to milliseconds, but you can select Cycles and Seconds from the dropdown list.

3.4.6.2 Sense Condition When a timer row is selected, click the Sense Condition select button to see a list of sense conditions: O→C, C→O, ON→OFF, and OFF→ON. Select one for the test.

3.4.6.3 Starting Sample Enter the sample number at which the timer will start during playback. To find a sample number, hide the data properties sheet, so channel values and sample numbers are visible. Select Cursor1 or Cursor2 and move it to a timer start position on the waveform; for example, at fault inception. The time in milliseconds and the sample number for cursor position appear in the lower right of the view space, in the same color as the cursor. (The difference in time and samples between Cursor1 and Cursor2 also appears in parentheses.)

3.4.6.4 Test Result Criteria You can enter an expected time result for comparison to the actual time recorded by the test. For Pass/Fail results, enter a ± tolerance, in percent. These fields are optional.

3.4.6.5 Timer Name This is a descriptive name for the event being timed; for example, Overcurrent Pickup. 3.4.7 States Tab The States tab allows the user to divide any transient file into three states: PreFault, Fault, and PostFault. The cursor position defines the three states. The PreFault state is defined as the samples from the start of the file to the position of the left cursor. The Fault state is defined as the samples between the position of the left and right cursors. The PostFault state is defined as the samples from the position of the left cursor to the end of the file. Two ways exist to transition from one state to the next: Count and Sense. The user can select from the “Loop Until” column. TransWin will loop, or repeat the state in two ways: First, if the “Sense” checkbox is checked (the number of times entered in the “Count” field) or, second, if the “Sense” condition is met, whichever occurs first. If the checkbox is not checked, the state will advance when the state is repeated the number of times shown in “Count.” If the “Sense” checkbox is checked, the user must define which input to use by selecting the corresponding source name in the “Source” dropdown box. Next, the user must select the sense condition that will cause the transition event in the “Conditions” dropdown box. Last, the user must select when the state transition will occur relative to the sense condition. The selections are “Immediate” and “At End of Sample.” Selecting “Immediate” will cause the transition as soon

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as possible regardless at which sample the sense input occurs. Selecting “At End of Sample” will cause transition to occur at the end of the state regardless at which sample the input event occurs. 3.4.8 Comments Tab You can enter free format text. The time stamp of the last test also appears above the test area. Note: Configured test data, including channel assignments, timers, and comments are associated with the COMTRADE file being viewed. Opening a new COMTRADE file allows new assignments to be made, without losing those made for another file. Now the test is ready to run.

3.5 Run the Test Ensure all source connections to the proper relay terminals, and any relay trip output is connected to the logic input identified in the F6000 Configuration Timers tab. Select TEST on the menu bar and one of the following options. 3.5.1 Battery On/Off If battery simulator voltage is needed to power the relay, select Test | Battery ON/OFF from the menu bar. Select ON or OFF and the correct amplitude. 3.5.2 Run This option allows you to play the configured digital and analog Comtrade channels through the F6150 Series instrument. 3.5.3 Run Continuously Download the waveform for each assigned channel to the Doble instrument. This may take some time, so progress is updated on the Run dialog. Sources are turned on and playback is started. Status is monitored, and when playback is complete, the Run dialog is replaced by the F6000 Configuration Timers tab, which shows the test time result. The time stamp is recorded on the Comments tab. To stop a test, press <Enter> or click <Stop> on the Run dialog box. 3.5.4 Run Go-At Use this option to run a satellite synchronized, end-to-end test. First, on the menu bar, select Configuration | Communication, and set Synchronize to Satellite. If you have not done this, an error message occurs when the Run Go-At option is selected. Otherwise, proceed to set the satellite time at which to start the test. The waveform for each assigned channel is downloaded, and playback begins when the satellite time setting is reached. 3.5.5 Run Preset…Until This option is similar to Run State Transition, but starts the prefault state immediately and Go At starts at the fault state.

3.5.6 Run State Transition Plays the states defined on the States tab of the Sources and Timers starting with the prefault state at Go-At time.

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Chapter 4. Analog Input Measurement (AIM) The AIM Configuration interface works together with the F6820 Analog Input Measurement. The F6820 option equips the F6150 with the AIM board which allows the Logic Inputs to make analog record as well as the digital ON/OFF. The recording function is setup using the AIM Configuration located within the TransWin software versions 2.03 and higher. Use the AIM recording functions to set the eight logic inputs on the front of the F6150 to record in an analog or digital manner. Several different methods can start or trigger the recording ranging from a contact status change to a voltage level shift. Once the recording is complete, it is retrieved and saved in a COMTRADE compatible file viewable by the TransWin transient viewer or any other COMTRADE viewer.

4.1 Recording only Open Transwin.

Select Configuration from the Menu screen. A dropdown list appears (see Figure 5).

Figure 5. AIM Configuration Option Screen

1. Select AIM Configuration. An “AIM Configuration Interface” screen appears (see Figure 6.)

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Figure 6. AIM Configuration Interface Screen

4.2 Configuring Analog Input Measurement Channels for Recording

This section details the Sample, Trigger, and Source Enable sections of the AIM Configuration Interface screen. 4.2.1 Sample Frame

Rate Use the Rate dropdown box to select the recording sample rate in Samples/Second, S/s. The available rates are 10 kHz, 5 kHz, and 2 kHz. The higher sampling rates give better resolution, but they create larger data files. Length Use the Length value field to set the total recording length in seconds. The Length time is the total recording time including the Pre-Trigger time. For example: a Pre-Trigger time of 0.5 seconds and a Length time of 2.0 seconds. The recording will have 0.5 second of pre-trigger recording and 1.5 seconds of post-trigger recording.

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4.2.2 Trigger Frame

Pre-Trigger Use the Pre-Trigger value field to set the Pre-Trigger recording length in seconds. The Pre-Trigger time allows you to see what occurred with the recorded inputs and sources prior to the trigger event. Source This is how to set up the Trigger, or start event, which will start the record process. The choices are Immediate, Preset State, Digital Input, Source and Analog Input. Other then the Pre-Trigger length entry field, the other fields change with the Source selection.

4.2.2.1 Source: Immediate With this selection, the recording starts as soon as you download the recording parameters. This mode is independent of SSIMUL and Transient Playback.

4.2.2.2 Source: Preset State With this selection, the trigger start event starts a state. Run this mode with SSIMUL or Transient States Playback. State Number Use this option to enter the state number that will trigger, or start the recording process.

4.2.2.3 Source: Digital Input With this selection, the trigger start event is the logic transition of the selected input. This mode is independent of SSIMUL and Transient Playback. Digital # Allows you to select which of the eight F6150 inputs is defined or selected as the trigger. Transition

Use this option to select the transition-at-will trigger or to start the recording. The selected input is set to “Contact” and the selections are Open-to-Close (O→C) and Close-to-Open (C→O). The selected input is set to “Potential” the selections are Potential Off-to-Potential On (OFF→ON) and Potential On-to-Potential Off (ON→OFF).

4.2.2.4 Source: Source With this selection, the trigger start event is a percentage of the amplitude of the range of the selected source. This mode is independent of SSIMUL and Transient Playback. Amplitude

Use this option to enter the percentage of range that will trigger, or start the recording process. If you enter 25% and the range of the selected source is 75V, the recording will start when the voltage across the input reaches a value of 18.75 Volts.

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Scr (Source) Allows you to select which of the valid Doble source names is defined as the trigger source.

4.2.2.5 Source: Analog Input With this selection, the trigger start event is a percentage of the amplitude of the range of the selected/defined input. This mode is independent of SSIMUL and Transient Playback.

Amplitude Use to enter the percentage of range that will trigger or start the recording process. If you enter 25% and the range of the selected input is 250V the recording will start when the voltage across the input reaches a value of 62.5 Volts.

Channel Allows you to select which of the eight F6150 inputs is defined as the trigger.

4.2.2.6 Source Enable This option allows you to select the configured F6150 source you wish to enable for recording. The Source Enabled list is empty until you configure the F6150. If the Source Enabled list is empty, you must close the AIM interface window (see Figure 7). Configure the F6000 instrument and reopen the AIM interface. You do not have to connect the source output to one of the inputs to record the source. Using the error signals, the sources are record internally in the source’s feedback circuits. Place a check mark in the source’s “En” checkbox to enable a source for recording. Recording does not occur for sources without check marks.

Without F6000 Configuration

With F6000 Configuration

Figure 7. F6150 Source Enabled Screen

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4.2.3 Channel Information (Info) Frame

This section describes how to configure the Logic Outputs, Logic Inputs, and select which input(s) to record (see Figure 8). .

4.2.3.1 Number You have several ways to select and modify the Logic Output and Logic Input. One way is to directly type the number (1-8) of the Logic Input or the Logic Output into the Number field. The other way is to use the increase (right) arrow or decrease (left) arrow to move the number to the correct Logic Input or Output. In either case, the number in the Number field refers to both the Logic Input and the Logic Output.

Figure 8. Logic Selection

4.2.3.2 Logic Output You can set the default status of the Logic Output selected by the Number field. The two choices are Normally Open (N.O.) and Normally Closed (N.C.). This selection is not very useful at this time as any use of the selected Logic Output in SSIMUL and the Transient Playback overwrites the selection (see Figure 9). The other way to set the default status of the selected Logic Output is by clicking on the desired Logic Output’s contact icon. Clicking on an Open Contact icon changes the Logic Output’s default state from Normally Open to Normally Closed. Clicking on a Closed Contact icon changes the Logic Output’s default state from Normally Closed to Normally Open. The contact icons also indicate the Logic Output’s defined Default state.

Box show the currently selected Input.

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Figure 9. Logic Output

4.2.3.3 Logic Input You can configure the Logic Input selected by the Number field and enable the input for recording. The fields within the Logic Input Group change with the Logic Input Type selection. You can define the Logic Input as either an Analog Input or a Digital Input. The Type selection defines the type of Logic Input (see Figure 10).

Figure 10. Logic Input

Type: Analog The Analog selection defines the Logic Input selected by the Number field as an analog input. Range: This option sets the range of the selected input. This choice is only available for Analog Input. There are four ranges for the analog input: 250 V, 25 V, 2.5 V, and 250 mV. To get the resolution, select the lowest range that will record connected values. Primary (Pri) Value/Unit: These selections set the value and units of the primary side of the scale factor. The choices for primary units are KA for kilo-amps, A for amps, KV for kilovolts, and V for volts. Secondary (Sec) Value/Unit: These selections set the value and units of the secondary side of the scale factor. The choices for secondary units are V for volts and mV for millivolts. Display: The Display setting allows you to select whether to record the analog value with primary scaling or secondary scaling. You have a choice of SEC for secondary scaling and PRI for primary scaling.

Logic Input 1 is defined as an Analog input. Logic Input 2 is defined as a Digital input.

NC NO

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Entering Ratios and Scale Factors: Sometimes it is necessary to record a value that is higher than the highest range of 250V RMS. Or in some cases, the values could be too low to see accurately on even the lowest range. The analog inputs will only record voltage. To record amps, perform the following:

1. Use the Primary Value/Units, Secondary Value/Units to set the scale factor. 2. Ensure the range of the Analog input is set correctly to record the secondary value. 3. Use the Display selection to select whether to record in primary or secondary values.

Examples: Using a voltage step down transformer, you need to record 480 VAC using a 480:120, or 4:1 transformer.

1. Set Primary Value to either 480, or 4. 2. Select the V (volts) for the primary units. 3. Setup the secondary value of the scale factor by entering either 120 (if you entered 480 in

the Primary value) or 1 (if you entered 4 in the Primary value). 4. Select V for volts as the secondary units. Since the secondary or recorded value is going

to be around 120 VAC, set the input range to 250V. 5. Select PRI (primary) for the Display setting to view the recorded values in terms of the

480 volt bus or SEC (secondary) to view the recorded values in terms of the 120 volt secondary.

With a clamp on the current probe, you wish to use a 10mV/A clamp on the current probe.

1. Enter 1 for Primary Value. 2. Select the A (amp) for the primary units. 3. Setup the secondary value of the scale factor by entering 10 in the field. 4. Select mV for millivolts as the secondary units. 5. Select the correct range to record the maximum current. If the maximum current is fewer

than 25 amps, use the 250 mV range. If the maximum current is going to be over 25 amps, select the 2.5 volt range.

6. Select PRI (primary) for the Display setting to view the recorded values in amps. Type: Digital The Digital selection defines the Logic Input selected by the Number field as a digital input. Record digital inputs as either a one or a zero. You must define what represents a one and what represents a zero. Logic Type: This selection sets the mode of the selected digital input. The two modes are Potential or Contact.

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Potential: The Potential selection places the digital input into potential mode. In potential mode, the device of the connected input supplies the voltage; that is, the input looks for voltage. The two states are Voltage On (ON) and Voltage Off (OFF). The Threshold selection determines what level is on and what level is off. Contacts: The Contacts selection places the digital input into contact mode. In contact mode, the connected input supplies a dry contact to the device where the input is supplying voltage. Contacts Closed and Contacts Open represent the two states. Threshold: This selection sets the voltage level for the input considered ON. The Threshold section is only active when the Logic Input Type is at Potential. 1.5V: With 1.5V selected, the ON state is reached when the voltage across the digital input is at or above 1.5 VDC. The digital input is in an OFF state when the voltage across the input is less than 1.5 VDC. Use the 1.5V selection ONLY when the digital input connects to a device that cannot supply 15 VDC or more. 15V: With 15V selected, the ON state is reached when the voltage across the digital input is at or above 15 VDC. The digital input is in an OFF state when the voltage across the input is less than 15 VDC. Normal State: This selection sets the normal state of status channel in the COMTRADE configuration file. The selections change according to the Logic Type selection. Logic Type Selection: Potential OFF (0) or ON (1). Logic Type Selection: Contact Select either Open (0) or Close (1). Recording You have several ways to enable the Logic Input for recording: (see Figure 11.)

1. Place a check in the Recording checkbox of the selected Logic Input. 2. Place a check in the checkbox below the White Connector of the desired input in the

Logic Input Layout Display.

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Figure 11. Two Places to Enable the Logic Input for Recording Downloading the AIM Configuration:

1. Press the OK button to download the AIM configuration and arm or run the AIM recording.

2. Press the Cancel button to exit the AIM configuration without downloading the AIM configuration to the F6150.

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4.3 Recording with a COMTRADE File

1. Select a COMTRADE file.

2. Play back the COMTRADE file.

3. Enable Analog Inputs and configure as before.

4. Ensure that the Logic Input type matches waveform type per channel. To record sources, Click the Source Enable checkboxes that appear on the AIM | Configuration option if your machine is connected. The outputs are read and the channels added.

5. Click <OK> on the Analog Input Measurement Configuration window.

6. Select Test | Run or press <F12> to start the test. The timer results appear. This occurs even if you did not define any timers. Click <OK> and go to the Analog Input Measurement Recorded Data screen.

7. Click <OK> to retrieve the results. The results appear.

4.4 Recording While Playing SSIMUL

To create a SSIMUL recording: 1. Select a SSIMUL (.ss2) file or create the states necessary for your application.

2. Play back the SSIMUL file.

3. Enable Analog Inputs and configure as before.

4. Ensure that the Logic Input type matches waveform type per channel. Click the Source Enable checkboxes that appear on the AIM | Configuration if your machine is connected. The outputs are read and the channels are added

5. Click <OK> on the Analog Input Measurement Configuration window.

6. Select Test | Run or press <F12> to start the test.

The timer results appear. This occurs even if you did not define any timers. Click <OK> and go to the Analog Input Measurement Recorded Data screen. 7. Click <OK> to retrieve the results. The results appear.

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Chapter 5. SSIMUL - STATE SIMULATION The SSIMUL macro uses stepped sine wave quantities to simulate an evolving fault, represented by up to 25 states. You can use up to 12 sources, and you can record independent timer sense events, one per F2000 instrument and one per source on the F6000. This macro investigates suspected relay misoperations or evaluates protection schemes. It also uses F2250 and F6000 logic output to test reclosers and breaker fail relays.

5.1 Open SSIMUL 1. Start TransWin.

2. Select SSIMUL | Open to load an existing SSIMUL test (see Figure 12).

Figure 12. SSIMUL Option Screen

5.2 Configure the SSIMUL Tab To configure the SSIMUL tab:

1. Select Configuration | SSIMUL. 2. Click <New> to create a new SSIMUL test with a new filename (see Figure 13). The

SSIMUL Test View Screen appears. The Test View screen shows three states. Use the optional ProTesT Power System model to calculate fault quantities for different fault scenarios. Normally, three states represent Prefault, Fault, and Post Fault conditions. As you add more states, the View Screen scrolls to the right, one state at a time.

Create a state by defining the Source name(s) and Frequency. You can define up to twelve sources, depending on the F6000 configuration setup. Click <Append> to add additional states.

Note: You can specify two frequencies, but there is a limit of two different source frequencies. Set the frequency of one source (Source 1 of the master F2000 or first source of the F6000) to a base frequency different from the frequency reference for all other sources. For example, setting the frequency of Source 1 to FX or FL, and all the other sources to numerical values: 60.00, 60.00, 120.00…..FX designates the crystal base frequency and FL designates the line frequency. The frequency for any source must be a harmonic of the base frequency. (The F6000 does not support FL.)

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Enter the amplitude(s) and phase(s) for each defined state. It is possible to approximate point-on-wave inception of a fault. Rather than setting Prefault source phases to 0°, -120°, 120°, offset all phases by an arbitrary amount; for example, 90°, -30°, 210°. The fault state occurs on a reference zero crossing, at which all sources are offset by 90°. The fault, therefore, occurs at a different point on the waveform.

Enter a whole number of cycles for the state duration in the Cycles field. To insert a state before the current state, click <Insert> at the top of the column display.

To edit the state name at the top of the columns, click in the label box.

Figure 13. SSIMUL Test View Screen

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5.3 Ending a State

5.3.1 Using a Trigger to End a State Select a trigger to end any state prematurely:

1. Click on the first box in the line of the trigger event field and a drop-down box appears. 2. Select the analog input to end the state.

5.3.2 Using an Event Type to End a State Select an event type to end a state:

1. Click on the second box in the line of the trigger event field and a drop-down box

appears. 2. Select the event type to end the state.

For example, O→C is contact open to close, OFF→ON is a voltage sense from off to on. The L/R Time selection is for DC offset. Use the Fault Rotate button on the SSIMUL tab to perform a fault rotation.

5.4 Additional SSIMIL Macro Features The SSIMUL Test View Screen right side features six buttons that allow you open, add, delete, graph, run, and close macros. To open an existing macro file, press the <OPEN> button. A Microsoft dialog box appears. Select an SSIMUL macro and press <OPEN>. The selected file appears on the Test View Screen.

To add a new macro, press the <ADD Macro> button. A window appears. Enter the new macro name and press <OK>. A new Test View Screen appears. To delete an existing macro, use the drop-down menu in the upper-left corner of the Test View Screen to select a macro. Press the <DELETE Macro> button. A window appears. Press <YES> to delete the selected macro. To view a graph of the current macro, press the <GRAPH> button. A waveform of the existing phasor(s) appears. To run a macro, press the <RUN> button. The macro initially displays the results for the current test conditions.

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5.5 SSIMUL Phasor Display

The Phasor Display check box changes the SSIMUL tab to a phasor configuration tab. This tab allows you to visually configure a phasor tab and view the defined states (see Figure 14).

Figure 14. SSIMUL Phasor Configuration

Select the Phasor Display check box. The SSIMUL Phasor Configuration screen appears. This screen displays defined states three at a time. As you add more states, the state display scrolls horizontally. Use the horizontal scroll bar to move back and forth.

Press the <Delete> to remove unwanted states. All sources then change amplitude and phase synchronously to the next state’s value.

Note: As you add new sources on the SSIMUL tab, a color-coded button corresponding to each new state appears next to the phasor states. Clicking on each button produces a Color Pop-Up Menu. Select a color. The phasor for the selected state appears in that color.

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5.6 End-to-End Testing

For end-to-end satellite synchronized testing, specify the frequency of all sources as FS or FS*2 (up to FS*20) for harmonics. The Max Duration pull-down box contains options for the first state to start a satellite synchronized test. The software defaults to the Duration option. Duration represents the fixed number of cycles before stepping to the second state.

Select Go At or Preset Until instead of Duration for state 1.

Note: When using the “Go At” option when a test is run, a satellite time window appears with a default “Go At” time, the UTC time at which the test will start. The sources turn on at “0” amplitude, but source values for the first state do not appear until the “Go At” time. For the “Preset Until” option, run the test to set up the instrument. The sources turn on right away at the values of the first state. The transition to the next state does not occur until the selected UTC time.

Define Go At or Preset Until with a starting time that you have presented and agreed upon with the test crew at the other end of the line. SSIMUL displays UTC satellite time on the screen and the time continually updates. Satellite status also indicates the number of detected satellites. Satellite synchronized operation requires the satellite interface and a GPS receiver and antenna.

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5.7 Configure the Logic Out Tab

1. Click the Logic Out tab and to identify the F225X and F6000 logic output you wish to use (see Figure 15). You can only select a source from the Source Column.

Note: Each state has separate columns for logic output 1 (L1) and logic output 2 (L2 – not valid for F6000).

2. To set the logic output, click in the state column in the row for the logic source.

3. Click once for low; twice for high. Clicking a third time changes to reset.

4. Map between: L1 and L8 for the F6000 (L1 is the default) L1 and L2 for the F225X (L1 is the default)

Figure 15. Logic Out Screen

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5.8 Configure the Results Tab Click the Results tab to arm timers to start in a specified state and to stop on a sense event (See Figure 16). (The SSMIL macro initially displays the results for the current test conditions.)

Figure 16. Results Tab Screen

To configuring the Results tab:

1. Click the pull-down list under Timer/Name and select a source name to identify a timer.

2. Select the source name in the Timer Name column corresponding to the timed logic input.

3. Select the timer start state. The timer starts at the beginning of that state. The pull-down list shows only those states already defined for the macro. Use this field to start timers for edge transitions (O→C, C→O, O→C→O, C→O→C, On→Off, Off→On, Off→On→On, On→Off→On).

4. Select the stop event for the timer; for example, ON Æ OFF for voltage, O Æ C for contacts. The timer stops when the event occurs, possibly several states later. If no event occurs before the macro completes, no timer value appears, and Result is No Op.

5. Enter the expected duration in the indicated units, of the timed event in “Expected.” This field can be left at 0.000, and the actual duration of the event is still reported.

6. Select the timer units: milliseconds, seconds, or cycles.

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7. Set the + or - tolerance units in milliseconds, seconds, or cycles.

8. Click Run at the right of the screen to run the test. The Actual Value, Result and Error fields are populated.

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Appendix A COMTRADE Files

A COMTRADE transient record is composed of four different files, two of which are optional. The required files are a Configuration file (.cfg) and a Data file (.dat). The optional files are a Header file (.hdr) and an Information file (.inf). The Header file is ASCII text, containing free format information that you can read or print. The Information file was added in the 1999 COMTRADE specification, and it contains ASCII text in the format of a Windows .ini file; i.e., it is divided into bracket delimited sections that contain information more easily read and interpreted by user application software. All file names follow the DOS 8.3 format: an 8-character file name with 3-character file extension.

Configuration File (.cfg)

This is an ASCII text file with a specific line-by-line format, where each line is delimited by carriage return, line feed (CR/LF). Each line contains comma delimited text fields, arranged in a specific order, so an application program like TransWin can read the data. Data from the .cfg file are read by TransWin and displayed in the Data Properties window. Fields added in the 1999 specification are marked with an asterisk (*). An example in quotes follows each line with comments.

File Format

First Line: Station name, Recording device ID, *COMTRADE Standard revision year

Example: “First Street Substation, 1, 1999” If year is missing, it is assumed to be 1991.

Second Line: Number of channels total, Number of analog channels, Number of digital

channels

Example: “ 7, 6A, 1 D” E.g., seven channels, 6 analog, 1 digital. Note: The 1991 specification required that the channel information lines follow in the order indicated in the second line; i.e., analog channels first, followed by digital channels. In the example, therefore, 6 lines of analog channel information would follow the number of channels line, followed in turn by 1 line of digital channel information.

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Analog Channel Information A line containing the following comma delimited fields identifies each analog channel: channel index number (1, 2, …), name (e.g., I1), phase (e.g., A) , circuit ID, units (e.g., kV, V, kA, A), multiplier (slope), offset (where slope and offset are linear conversion factors for data points, in floating point notation), skew time (optional floating point time delay for multiplexed channel scan), minimum data value of samples in the channel (integer), maximum data value of samples in the channel (integer), *primary (channel pt or ct ratio primary factor – 1999 Specification), *secondary (channel pt or ct ratio secondary factor), * “P” or “S” to identify whether channel values are primary or secondary quantities.

1991 Example: “1, VA, A, Line 1, V, 4.531698E-03, 2.265892E-03, 0,-32768, 32767”

1999 Example: “1, VA, A, Line 1, V, 4.531698E-03, 2.265892E-03, 0,-32768, 32767, 1.2000E+03, 5.0000E+02, S”

Digital Channel Information channel index number, name (e.g., Logic 7), *phase (e.g., A), *circuit ID, normal state of channel (i.e., 0 or 1). 1991 Example: “7, Logic 7, , , 0” — Phase and Circuit ID fields are missing. Note: Digital channel index must start with next sequential number after the last Analog channel; one index numbering is used for both. 1999 Example: “1, Logic 7, , , 0” — Phase and Circuit ID fields are not critical. Digital channel index can start with 1.

Line frequency “50” or “60” Hertz.

Sampling Rate Information Number of sample rates (up to 999) Sample rate in Hertz, Last sample number at sample rate (multiple text lines for multiple rates). Example: “1 10000, 3333”

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Date/Time Stamps Date/time stamps for the first data point Date/time stamp for the trigger point of the recording.

1991 Example:

“02/08/01,09:57:10.000000 Date format is mm/dd/yy, US style.

02/08/01,09:57:10.020000” 1999 Example: “28/02/2001, 09:51:10.000000 Date format is dd/mm/yyyy, European style. 28/02/2001, 09:51:10.020000”

Data file type

(ASCII or BINARY) – determines how to read .DAT file.

Data File (.dat) The file is arranged as rows (records) and columns (fields) of data, the same order whether in ASCII or BINARY format.

Each row contains:

Sample number timestamp (in microseconds) one data value for each channel.

Note: If the file is BINARY, two-byte words (16 bit) in a record are stored in “little endian” format, least significant byte followed by most significant byte.

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